英文论文写作常用句式和词汇的区别

英语写作中的常用句型汇总-113491-1-html第一部分常用于引言段的句型的2类表达方式一、议论文常用句型 Itisafactthat… Itiswell-knownthat… Thereisnodoubtthat… Ithinkthat… Contrarytothepopularthought，Iprefer… Somepeoplesay/believe/claimthat… Itisgenerallybelievedthat… Itiswidelyacceptedthat… Itisargued/heldthat… Whileitiscommonlybelievedthat…，Ibelieve… Itcanbeconcludedthat… People’

引用数据（图表、表格）：常用的动词：show， present， illustrate， summarize， demonstrate， contain， provide， list， report， give， reveal， display， indicate， suggest， describe， …as从句：As shown in…/As can be seen in…/As revealed by…引用/简述他人的研究/观点：XXX + V + /that…其中Verb可以为：state， claim， argue， maintain， suggest， assert， hypothesize， conclude， describe， develop， propose， find， show， report， use， study， demonstrate， note， discuss， observe， explain， expand， publish， give， examine， analyze， focus， presume， speculate， assume， support， theorize， contend， recommend其它：Based on…/In the view of…/According to…表达可能性：It is certain that …It is almost certain that …It is very probable/ highly likely that …It is probable/likely that …It is possible that …It is unlikely that …It is very/highly unlikely that …用于表达可能性的另一种途径：There is a definite possibility that …There is a strong possibility that …There is a good possibility that …There is a slight possibility that …There is little possibility that …

· 作者姓名和单位(Author and department)这一项属于论文署名问题。署名一是为了表明文责自负，二是记录作用的劳动成果，三是便于读者与作者的联系及文献检索(作者索引)。大致分为二种情形，即：单个作者论文和多作者论文。后者按署名顺序列为第一作者、第二作者……。重要的是坚持实事求是的态度，对研究工作与论文撰写实际贡献最大的列为第一作者，贡献次之的，列为第二作者，余类推。注明作者所在单位同样是为了便于读者与作者的联系。　(三)摘要(Abstract)　论文一般应有摘要，有些为了国际交流，还有外文(多用英文)摘要。它是论文内容不加注释和评论的简短陈述。其他用是不阅读论文全文即能获得必要的信息。摘要应包含以下内容：　①从事这一研究的目的和重要性; 　②研究的主要内容，指明完成了哪些工作; 　③获得的基本结论和研究成果，突出论文的新见解; 　④结论或结果的意义。· 关键词(Key words)关键词属于主题词中的一类。主题词除关键词外，还包含有单元词、标题词的叙词。　主题词是用来描述文献资料主题和给出检索文献资料的一种新型的情报检索语言词汇，正是由于它的出现和发展，才使得情报检索计算机化(计算机检索)成为可能。主题词是指以概念的特性关系来区分事物，用自然语言来表达，并且具有组配功能，用以准确显示词与词之间的语义概念关系的动态性的词或词组。　关键词是标示文献关建主题内容，但未经规范处理的主题词。关键词是为了文献标引工作，从论文中选取出来，用以表示全文主要内容信息款目的单词或术语。一篇论文可选取3~8个词作为关键词。关键词或主题词的一般选择方法是由作者在完成论文写作后，纵观全文，先出能表示论文主要内容的信息或词汇，这些住处或词江，可以从论文标题中去找和选，也可以从论文内容中去找和选。例如上例，关键词选用了6个，其中前三个就是从论文标题中选出的，而后三个却是从论文内容中选取出来的。后三个关键词的选取，补充了论文标题所未能表示出的主要内容信息，也提高了所涉及的概念深度。需要选出，与从标题中选出的关键词一道，组成该论文的关键词组。关键词与主题词的运用，主要是为了适应计算机检索的需要，以及适应国际计算机联机检索的需要。一个刊物增加“关键词”这一项，就为该刊物提高“引用率”、增加“知名度”开辟了一个新的途径。(五)引言(Introduction)引言又称前言，属于整篇论文的引论部分。其写作内容包括：研究的理由、目的、背景、前人的工作和知识空白，理论依据和实验基础，预期的结果及其在相关领域里的地位、作用和意义。引言的文字不可冗长，内容选择不必过于分散、琐碎，措词要精炼，要吸引读者读下去。引言的篇幅大小，并无硬性的统一规定，需视整篇论文篇幅的大小及论文内容的需要来确定，长的可达700~800字或1000字左右，短的可不到100字。

英文论文写作常用句式和词汇的区别和联系

一、用于驳性和比较性论文 In general， I don’t agree In my opinion， this point of view doesn’t hold The chief reason why… is that…There is no true that… It is not true that… It can be easily denied than… We have no reason to believe that… What is more serious is that… But it is pity that… Besides， we should not neglect that… But the problem is not so Therefore… Others may find this to be true， but I believer that… Perhaps I was question why… There is a certain amount of truth in this， but we still have a problem with regard to… Though we are in basic agreement with…， What seems to be the trouble is… Yet differences will be found， that’s why I feel that… It would be reasonable to take the view that …， but it would be foolish to claim that… There is in fact on reason for us so believe that… What these people fail to consider is that… It is one thing to insist that… ， it is quite another to show that … Wonderful as A is ， however， it has its own disadvantages The advantages of B are much greater than A A’s advantage sounds ridiculous when B’s advantages are taken into 二、用于描写图表和数据 It has increased by three times as compared with that of There is an increase of 20% in total this It has been increased by a factor of 4since It would be expected to increase 5 The table shows a three times increase over that of last It was decreased twice than that of the year The total number was lowered by 10% It rose from 10-15 percent of the total this Compared with 1997， it fell from 15 to 10 The number is 5 times as much as that of It has decreased almost two and half times， compared with…三、用于解释性和阐述性论说文Everybody knows that…It can be easily proved that… It is true that… No one can deny One thing which is equally important to the above mentioned is… The chief reason is that… We must recognize that… There is on doubt that… I am of the opinion that… This can be expressed as follows; To take …for an example… We have reason to believe Now that we know that… Among the most convincing reasons given， one should be mentioned… The change in …largely results from the fact There are several causes for this significant growth in…，first …，second …，finally… A number of factors could account for the development in… Perhaps the primary reason is… It is chiefly responsible of… The reasons for…are complicated， And probably they are found in the fact… Here are several possible reasons， excerpt that…Somebody believes/ argues/ holds/ insists/ thinks that… It is not simple to give the reason for this complicated phenomenon… Different people observes it in different 六、用于论证和说明 As it is described that… It has been illustrated that… It provides a good example of… We may cite another instance of… History man provides us with the examples of… A number of further facts may be added… The situation is not unique， it is typical of dozens I have A recent investigation indicate that… According to the statistics provided … According to a latest study， it can be predicted… There is no sufficient evidence to show that… All available evidence points to the fact that… Examples given leads me to conclude that… It reveals the unquestionable fact that… The idea may be proved by facts… All the facts suggest that… No one can deny the fact that… We may face the undeniable fact that…●表示比较和对照关系的句型：1) A is to B what/ as C is to D(A之于B犹如C之于D)2) Just ， 3) A and B have sth in 4) A is similar to B5) The same is true of，The same can be said of(……也是如此)6) The advantages of A are much greater than B7) compared with B， A has many 8) The advantages outweigh the disadvantages(利大于弊)9) Wonderful as A is， however， it has its own disadvantages 10) Although A enjoys considerable advantage ， it can not compete with B 11) Contrary to widely accepted views， I believe 12) What people fail to consider is 13) It is one thing to insist ， it is quite another to show 14) Nothing can rival…(……是无与伦比的)15) …has drawbacks as well as 16) A is superior(inferior) to B17) varies from person to person(……是因人而异的)18) A is just the opposite (to B)19) A differs from B in that…(A不同于B在于……)20) …is not the same (as)●过渡性句型：1) this is true 2) This is true， no doubt， 3) 4) It is one thing ; it is another ●描写图表和数据的句型1) rank first (both) 2) in proportion 3) A is by far the 4) As many 5) The number is imes as much as that of 6) The figure has nearly doubled/tripled， as against that of last 7) It accounts for 35% 8) By comparison with ， it decreased/increased/fell 9) ise rapidly(slowly)10) ain 11) ach 12)There is a slight/slow/steady/rapid rise/increase /////decrease/decline/reduction/fall/drop in13)be on the increase/ decrease/ rise/ decline (……在不断的增加，减少，上升，下降)●图表作文中的过渡、概括句型：1) As can be indicated in the table， 2) As we could find out later， 3) As is revealed in the table，4) As the survey results show，5) This table provides several important points of comparison 6) The two graphs depict the same thing in 7) The key findings taken from the surveys are as follows:8) According to the figures given in the table， 9) This chart shows that 10) As is shown by the graph， 11) It can be seen from the statistics that 12) It is generally believed / accepted/ thought/ held 四、用于文章的开头 As the proverb says… It goes without saying that… Generally speaking… It is quite clear than because… It is often said that … Many people often ask such question:“…？” More and more people have come to realize… There is no doubt that… Some people believe that… These days we are often told that， but is this really the case? One great man said that… Recently the issue of… has been brought to public In the past several years there has been… Now it is commonly held that… but I doubt whether… Currently there is a widespread concern that… Now people in growing number are coming to realize that… There is a general discussion today about the issue of … Faced with…， quite a few people argue that…， but other people conceive 五、用于文章的结尾 from this point of view… in a word… in conclusion… on account of this we can find that… the result is dependent on… therefore， these findings reveal the following information: thus， this is the reason why we must… to sum up … as far as…be concerned， I believe that… It is obvious that… There is little doubt that… There is no immediate solution to the problem of …， but …might be None of the solutions is quite The problem should be examined in a new It is high time that we put considerable emphasis on… Ta说明原因的句型:1) There are some/two/many good reasons /to 2) We have two good reasons 3) The reason for is that + 从句4) Among the most convincing reasons given by people ， one should be 5) One may think of the trend as a result 6) The change largely results from the fact 7) There are several causes for this significant growth 8) A number of factors could account for the 9) It is no simple task to give the reason for 10) The cause of /reason for higher prices was an increase in 11) Because/As/Now that/Since the demand has increased， the prices are 12) An increase in demand causes/results in/leads to/produces higher 13) The demand has 14) Therefore，/As a result，/For this reason，/Because of this，/Consequently， the prices are 15) If there is an increase in demand， then prices /go //are 16) Different people look in different ●表示不同看法的句型:1) Different people have/ hold different opinions/ views on the question/ problem/ Some believe that ; Others argue Still others maintain that 2) They are quite different from each other in their 3) Some people hold the opinion that it is good to 4) They think quite differently on this 5) Opinions vary from individual to individual， from culture to ●表示必须，紧急，有困难做某事的句型:1) It is important (necessary ， urgent ， difficult ， easy ， convenient ， comfortable ， expensive ， desirable ， advisable) for to do king into account all these factors， we may safely reach the conclusion that…2) have trouble/difficulty/a hard time/a difficult time (in) doing (有困难做某事)为写作增加亮点几种常见的开头法(1) 主题句法：The appeal of advertising to buying motives can have both negative and positive The biggest safety threat facing airlines today may not be a terrorist with a gun， but the man with the portable computer in business Believe it or not， optical illusion (错觉) can cut highway (2) 问题法：Do you know how many people die from traffic accidents every 23 minutes?Why does cream go bad faster than butter?(3) 对比法：Some pessimistic experts feel that the automobile is bound to fall into They see a day in the not-too-distant future when all autos will be abandoned and allowed to Other authorities， however， think the auto is here to They hold that the car will remain a leading means of urban travel in the foreseeable (4) 数据法：According to a recent survey， about 9% of the college students wanted to further their study after their Honesty:根据最近的一项统计调查显示，大学生向老师请假的理由当中78%都是假的。Living off Campus:根据最近的一项统计调查显示，35%的学生不住宿舍，而是在学校外面租房子住。Youth:根据最近的一项统计调查显示，在某个大学，学生的课余时间的70%都是在休闲娱乐。The latest statistics show that …(5) 故事法：Six o’clock yesterday (June 20th， Friday) afternoon when I was walking along the riverbank of our school， an unbelievable scene caught my (6) 引语法：A proverb says， “You are only young ”(适用于记住的名言)It goes without saying that we cannot be young (自编名言)作文的亮点句型亮点句型The popularity of “A World without Thieves” and mounting concerns about its negative impact upon children， have rekindled the outcry for a rating Building construction has been enjoying a boom particularly since China became a member of the WTO and Beijing was named host of the 2008 Olympic GShe has put forward a lot of very good suggestions and devoted a lot of her spare time to improving the living conditions of the I thought I wanted to do I wanted to use everything I had been That is the reason you are on the earth—to be My ears are open， my eyes are I am humble because I was China changes every day， for the My dream is to see an Enrichment Officer in every zoo in China and to have annual meetings when people from all the zoos in the country gather together to exchange views on what types of enrichment are working best for the animals in CPeace and development remain the overriding themes of the China will continue to give top priority to heritage Israel would continue its efforts to destroy the terrorist infrastructure， arrest those behind terrorist activities and harshly punish those who perpetrate these murderous The Liberal Party’s 11-year reign as Canada’s governing party was in The State has rendered strong support to alleviate the heavy burden of these Local protectionism is a serious issue in China and threatens the establishment of a national market We have to be flexible and pragmatic， and give necessary consideration to the concerns of other parties， including making compromises and concessions when the situation Experts say the reform and consolidation of the Chinese airline industry is laying a solid foundation for the rationalization of airline

上面各位的回答都不错，我给你找的是专门针对考研用的，因为看你的年纪应该不是为了考四六级这么简单了吧。写作是语言的重要环节，看看英语考试中对作文的重视就明白了。在考研中，写作意义极其重大，其性价比（即投入的时间和提高的幅度）非常高，在我看来，如果你的阅读水平还可以的话，写作将是你的突破口。提高写作只有一个字——“恒”，绝对的熟能生巧。我在网上看过高手写的文章，简直可以用恐怖来形容，完全是阅读理解的水平，而作者的诀窍就是每天写每天练！只要不断的写不断的改，你的文章会让你自己吃惊。套用一句：写作恒久远，练习永流传。然而备考的时间是很紧的，不可能每天保持大量的练习，好在其要求也不高，从现在开始，到考前完全可以达到要求，但千万不要间断！很多同学都有一个情况，越不写，越怕写；越怕写，越不写。万事开头难，所以开始的练习尤为重要，而练习应以词句为主+阅读好文章，我就有一本记录本，专门收集好的词句，效果很好。这里列其中一些较简单实用的，希望能对大家有所帮助（不过，建议同学们最好自己写，自己收集，印象会深很多，每天花10分钟过过，绝对值得。另外，我列的句子很有限，多半是骨架，大家要学会扩展，并且在记忆的时候多联想一下。举例来说，一篇你的文章，用心改一下，好好套用几个句式，改些档次较高的词和词组，可以提高不少哦）：一．总结句型 1) ***in general/above all/with the result that/as a result/consequently， *** 2) As far as I am concerned/as for me， *** 3) This truth above seems to be self- 4) Whether we examine the ***above， such things can happens anywhere anytime to 5) In my point of view， I like/prefer A much more than B 6) I still prefer A， however， for they teach me not only to be ***but also to be*** ，both in ***and in*** 7) There is no doubt that*** 8) In order to make our world a better place in which to live we should efforts to*** 9) To a large extent， ***， therefore， reflects*** 10) If all above mentioned measures are achieved， *** 11) Wherever you are and whatever you do， ***is always 12) So clear/evident/obvious it is that there are quite different opinions on 13) Now， which one do you prefer-----the one***or the one***? Were it left to me to select， I should not hesitated a moment to choose the former/ 二．开首句型 1) Have you ever gone***? Have you ever been to***? If you have no experience like these， your life is an inadequate 2) Are you***? Are you***? We are， 3) In large part as a consequence of***， somebody have focused a great deal of attention in recent years on 4) We expect the day will come when A with its characteristic of*** 5) Being is one of the virtues that people must possess (not only in***but also in***/during***/when***) 6) What A to B， that C to D 7) Currently， there is a widespread/serious concern over that*** 8) The reasons for the***are manifold， for instance， *** 9) Several factors contribute to this***， such as***， as for as I’m concerned， however， ***is the most significant ingredient/ 10) ***is more violent than what we thought it should be 11) There are intimate relations between the 三．并列句型 1) Some people like A due to*** However， there are many young people， including me， especially like B 2) There might be two reasons， I think***， for the 3) A and B are both important， they are attribute which are equally necessary for a person to achieve success in his 4) Different people have different attitudes towards***， some believe that***others， however， argue that***still others maintain that*** 5) First***besides， in addition***what’s more*** 6) For one thing***nevertheless， for another*** 四．转折句型 1)***Such defects as mentioned above can be prevented by the other way of *** 2) Except for ***’s sake 3) Perhaps A is the wrong word， however， B might be 4) First***last but not least*** 5) Shall we do this? Not necessary the 6) ***， and vice versa indeed 7) On the contrary， in spite of these increase*** 8) Compared with A， B has many advantages such as*** 9) Not so much*** as he had talked 10) ***， the truth of the matter， however， is that*** 11) For some， the way maybe right， nevertheless， for many others*** 12) As everything going to the extreme has its negative aspects， so has*** 13) It is fairly well know that***however， it is less know that*** 14) ***， but this was not always the 15) At first， ***different in their opinions， on second thoughts， however， all of them agree to*** 16) None the less(尽管如此)*** 17) When people succeed， it is because of hard work， however， luck has a lot to do with it 18) ***， sometimes it isn’t totally the case， 19) Do some A else but B 五．名理句型 1) It is usually the case that *** 2) It is plain common sense---the more/less***the more/less*** 3) The serious reality had taught us a lesson: not being environment friendly will be avenged 4) As a proverb says/as is known to all/as a popular saying goes， *** 5) I can think of no better illustration than an English poem/adage which goes like this:*** 6) The old story of***can serve as a good illustration that*** 六．强调句型 1) With/due to/spurred by***we can certainly cope with any task we are faced with， that is， *** 2) The reason why***is no other than***as I 3) The same thing is true with*** 4) What I want to point out is that， for a person who wants to be successful in life and to be useful in society， he will have to learn to be both A and B 5) What a wonderful picture? Especially for we students always swimming in the sea of books! 6) It’s high time that immediate measures were taken to better the strength and face the 7) Before everything else， ***is the secret of 七．图表句型 1) From the figures/statistics given in the table it can be seen/noticed that*** 2) From the graph/table/diagram/chart above， we can see that*** 3) As show in the chart/by the graph*** 4) Have you ever anticipated the prospects of***in the coming decades? Let us just take a look at the figures of***as shown in the graph 5) The gap between***and***will be further 6) In face of increasingly serious shortage of energy， we should take effective measures/which of the measures we should take? 7) It is clear that the increase of percentage gets greater and 8) By***， the number of***had less/more than doubled/tripled compared with that of*** 9) 短语：made up about***/the figure amounted to/will rise to/will reach/will double that/will tripled that 另外，文章结尾也很重要，它的作用是概括全文内容，进一步强调或肯定文章的中心思想，使文章意义表达得更加深刻。文章结尾的形式也是多种多样的，常见的有以下几种： 1．首尾呼应，画龙点睛在文章的结尾，把含义较深的话放在末尾，以点明主题，深化主题，起到画龙点睛的效果。如"I Cannot Forget Her" (我忘不了她)的结尾： After her death， I felt as if something were missing in my I was sad over her passing away， but I knew she would not have had any regrets at having given her life for the benefit of the 2．重复主题句结尾回到文章开头阐明的中心思想或主题句上，达到强调的效果。如“I Love My Home Town”(我爱家乡)的结尾： I love my home town， and I love its They too have They are going all out to do more for the good of our 自然结尾随着文章的结束，文章自然而然地结尾。如“Fishing”(钓鱼)的结尾： I caught as many as twenty fish in two hours， but my brother caught many Tired from fishing， we lay down on the river bank， bathing in the We returned home very 4．含蓄性的结尾用比喻或含蓄的手法不直接点明作者的看法，而是让读者自己去领会和思考。如“A Day of Harvesting”(收割的日子)的结尾： Evening came before we realized We put down our sickles and looked at each Our clothes were wet with sweat， but on every face there was a 5．用反问结尾虽然形式是问句，但意义却是肯定的，并具有特别的强调作用，引起读者深思。如 "Should We Learn to Do Housework?" (我们要不要学做家务?) 的结尾。 Everyone should learn to do Don’t you agree， boys and girls? 6．指明方向，激励读者结尾表示对将来的展望，或期待读者投入行动。如“Let’s Go in for Sports”(让我们参加体育运动)的结尾： As we have said above， sports can be of great They not only make people live happily but also help people to learn virtues and do their work A sound mind is in a sound Let’s go in for 文章的结尾没有一定的模式，可以根据表达主题的需要灵活创造。一般的习惯是，一些记叙文和描写文经常采用自然结尾的方法；但说理性和逻辑性较强的说明文和议论文则往往都有结束语，以便使文章首尾呼应，结构完整。

使用率高的英文写作中常用句式1．表示原因1）There are three reasons for this．2）The reasons for this are as follows．3）The reason for this is obvious．4）The reason for this is not far to seek．5）The reason for this is that．．．6）We have good reason to believe that．．．例如：There are three reasons for the changes that have taken place in our life．Firstly，people’s living standard has been greatly improved．Secondly，most people are well paid， and they can afford what they need or like．Last but not least，more and more people prefer to enjoy modern life．注：如考生写第一个句子没有把握，可将其改写成两个句子。如：Great changes have taken place in our life． There are three reasons for this．这样写可以避免套用中的表达失误。2．表示好处1）It has the following advantages．2）It does us a lot of good．3）It benefits us quite a lot．4）It is beneficial to us．5）It is of great benefit to us．例如：Books are like friends．They can help us know the world better，and they can open our minds and widen our horizons．Therefore，reading extensively is of great benefit to us．3．表示坏处1）It has more disadvantages than advantages．2）It does us much harm．3）It is harmful to us．例如：However，everything divides into two．Television can also be harmful to us．It can do harm to our health and make us lazy if we spend too much time watching television．4．表示重要、必要、困难、方便、可能1）It is important（necessary，difficult，convenient， possible）for sb．to do sth．2）We think it necessary to do sth．3）It plays an important role in our life．例如：Computers are now being used everywhere，whether in the government，in schools or in business．Soon， computers will be found in every home，too．We have good reason to say that computers are playing an increasingly important role in our life and we have stepped into the Computer Age．5．表示措施1）We should take some effective measures．2）We should try our best to overcome（conquer）the difficulties．3）We should do our utmost in doing sth．4）We should solve the problems that we are confronted（faced）with．例如：The housing problem that we are confronted with is becoming more and more serious．Therefore，we must take some effective measures to solve it．6．表示变化1）Some changes have taken place in the past five years．2）A great change will certainly be produced in the world’s communications．3）The computer has brought about many changes in education．例如：Some changes have taken place in people’s diet in the past five years．The major reasons for these changes are not far to seek．Nowadays，more and more people are switching from grain to meat for protein，and from fruit and vegetable to milk for vitamins．7．表示事实、现状1）We cannot ignore the fact that．．．2）No one can deny the fact that．．．3）There is no denying the fact that．．．4）This is a phenomenon that many people are interested in．5）However，that’s not the case．例如：We cannot ignore the fact that industrialization brings with it the problems of pollution．To solve these problems， we can start by educating the public about the hazards of pollution．The government on its part should also design stricter laws to promote a cleaner environment．8．表示比较1）Compared with A，B．．．2）I prefer to read rather than watch TV．3）There is a striking contrast between them．例如：Compared with cars，bicycles have several advantages besides being affordable．Firstly，they do not consume natural resources of petroleum．Secondly，they do not cause the pollution problem．Last but not least，they contribute to people’s health by giving them due physical exercise．9．表示数量1）It has increased（decreased）from．．．to．．．2）The population in this city has now increased （decreased）to 800，000．3）The output of July in this factory increased by 15％ compared with that of January．例如：With the improvement of the living standard，the proportion of people’s income spent on food has decreased while that spent on education has increased．再如：From the graph listed above，it can be seen that student use of computers has increased from an average of less than two hours per week in 1990 to 20 hours in 2000．10．表示看法1）People have（take，adopt，assume）different attitudes towards sth．2）People have different opinions on this problem．3）People take different views of（on）the question．4）Some people believe that．．．Others argue that．．．例如：People have different attitudes towards failure．Some believe that failure leads to success．Every failure they experience translates into a greater chance of success at their renewed endeavor．However， others are easily discouraged by failures and put themselves into the category of losers．再如：Do “lucky numbers really bring good luck？Different people have different views on it．注：一个段落有时很适宜以问句开始，考生应掌握这一写作方法。11．表示结论1）In short，it can be said that ．．．2）It may be briefly summed up as follows．3）From what has been mentioned above，we can come to the conclusion that ．．．例如：From what has been mentioned above，we can come to the conclusion that examination is necessary，however， its method should be improved．注：例句1可用于任何一个段落的结论句；例句3则多用文章结论段的第一句。12．套语1）It’s well known to us that ．．．2）As is known to us，．．．3）This is a topic that is being widely talked about．4）From the graph（table，chart）listed above，it can be seen that ．．．5）As a proverb says，“Where there is a will，there is a way．例如：As is well known to us，it is important for the students to know the world outside campus．The reason for this is obvious．Nowadays，the society is changing and developing rapidly，and the campus is no longer an “ivory tower ．As college students，we must get in touch with the world outside the campus．Only in this way can we adapt ourselves to the society quickly after we graduate．再如：Does it pay to be honest？This is a topic that is being widely talked about and different people have different opinions on it．

英文论文写作常用句式和词汇的区别在哪

I 用于文章主题句英语作文常用句式（特别适合无话可说和同学！）　　不用说，… 　　It goes without saying that子句　　= (It is) needless to say (that)子句　　= It is obvious that子句　　= Obviously， S + V 　　例：不用说，早睡早起是值得的。　　It goes without saying that it pays to keep early 　　 …是不可能的；无法… 　　There is no Ving 　　= There is no way of V 　　= There is no possibility of V 　　= It is impossible to V 　　= It is out of the question to V 　　= No one can V 　　= We cannot V 　　例：不可否认的成功的事业关键在于健康的身心。　　There is not denying that successful business lies in a healthy body and 　　我深信… 　　I am greatly convinced (that)子句　　= I am greatly assured (that)子句　　例：我深信，预防胜于治疗。　　I am greatly convinced that prevention is better than 　　在各种…之中，… 　　Among various kinds of …， … 　　= Of all the …， … 　　例：在各种运动中我尤其喜欢慢跑。　　Among various kinds of sports， I like jogging in 　　 …是很容易证明的。　　It can be easily proved (that)子句　　例：时间最珍贵是很容易证明的。　　It can be easily proved that nothing is more precious than 　　 …无论如何强调都不为过　　… cannot be overemphasized 　　例：交通安全的重要性无论如何强调都不为过。　　The importance of traffic safety cannot be 　　就我的看法，…；我认为… 　　In my opinion， … 　　= To my mind， … 　　= As far as I am concerned， … 　　= I am of the opinion that子句　　例：就我的看法打电动玩具既耗费时间也有害健康。　　In my opinion， playing video games not only takes much time but is also harmful to 　　 (A) 每个人都知道… 　　Everyone knows (that)子句　　(B) 就我所知，… 　　As far as my knowledge is concerned， … 　　例：就我所知，下列方法对我帮助很大。　　As far as my knowledge is concerned， the following ways are of great help to 　　毫无疑问地，… 　　There is no doubt (that)子句　　例：毫无疑问地，近视在我国的年轻人中是一个严重的问题。　　There is no doubt that near-sightedness is a serious problem among the youth of our 　　根据我个人经验，… 　　According to my personal experience， … 　　= Based on my personal experience， … 　　例：根据我个人经验微笑已带给我许多好处。　　According to my personal experience， smile has done me a lot of 　　在我认识的人当中也许没有一个人比…更值得我尊敬。　　Of all the people I know， perhaps non deserves my respect more than … 　　例：在我认识的人当中，也许没有一个人比我的英文老师张老师更值得我尊敬。　　Of all the people I know， perhaps non deserves my respect more than Miss Chang， my English 　　在我的求学过程中我忘不了… 　　In the course of my I will never forget … 　　例：在我的求学过程中，我忘不了学习英文所遭到的大困难。　　In the course of my I will never forget the great difficulty I encountered in learning E 　　 (A) 随着人口的增加，… With the increase/growth of the population， … 　　(B) 随着科技的进步， … With the advance of science and technology， …

first of all，I am concerned that，at last but not least ，some people think he others argue ，every coin has its two sides

连词，句式，名言，高级词汇 and but however frankly anyway with recently what's more in my opinion what let There is no doubt As far as i knowaccording as the good saying goes: all roads lead to R/

英文论文写作常用句式和词汇的区别是什么

一．开头用语：良好的开端等于成功的一半．在写作文时，通常以最简单也最常用的方式---开门见山法。也就是说，直截了当地提出你对这个问题的看法或要求，点出文章的中心思想。 1．议论论文： A Just as every coin has two sides， cars have both advantages and disadvantages．B Compared to/ In comparison with letters， e-mails are more C When it comes to computers， some people think they have brought us a lot of However，D Opinions are divided on the advantages and disadvantages of living in the city and in the E As is known to all/ As we all know， computers have played an important role/part in our daily F Why do you go to university? Different people have different points of 书信：A I am writing to you to apply for admission to your university as a visiting B I read an advertisement in today’s China Daily and I apply for the C Thank you for your letter of May D How happy I am to receive your letter of January E How nice to hear from you 口头通知或介绍情况：A Ladies and gentlemen， May I have your attention， I have an announcement to B Attention， I have something important to tell C M Green， Welcome to our To begin with， let me introduce M Wang to 演讲稿：A Ladies and gentlemen， I feel very much honored to have a chance here to make a speech on the subject -- A Balance Diet and HB Good morning everyone! Allow me， first of all， on behalf of all present here， to extend our warm welcome and cordial greeting to our distinguished 二．并列用语：as well as， not only…but (also)， including，A Not only do computers play an important part in science and technology， but also play an informative role in our daily B All of us， including the teachers / the teachers included， will attend the C He speaks French as well as E=He speaks English， and French as =He speaks not only English but also F D E-mail， as well as telephones， is playing an important part in daily 三．对比用语：on one hand ，on the other hand， on the contrary/contrary to ， though， for one thing ;for another， neverthelessA I know the Internet can only be used at home or in the office， but on the other hand， it is becoming more and more popular for much information as well as clear and vivid B It is hard work; I enjoy it C Contrary to what I had originally thought， the trip turned out to be 四递进用语：even， besides， what’s more， as for， so…that…， worse still， moreover， furthermore; but for， in addition， to make matters worse A The house is too small for a family of four， and furthermore/besides/what’s more/moreover /in addition/worse still ， it is in a bad 五例证用语：in one’s opinion， that is to say， for example， for instance， as a matter of fact， in fact， namely A As a matter of fact， advertisement plays an informative role in our daily life．B There is one more topic to discuss， namely/that is ( to say )， the question of 六时序用语：first/firstly， meanwhile， before long， ever since， while， at the same time in the meantime， shortly after， nowadays，A They will be here Meanwhile， let’s have B Firstly， let me deal with the most important 七强调用语：especially， indeed， at least， at the most， What in the world/on ， not at all ， A Noise is unpleasant， especially when you are trying to B What in the world/on earth are you doing?八因果用语：thanks to， because， as a result， because of/as a result of ， without， with the help ， owe A The company has a successful year， thanks mainly to the improvement in export B As a result， many of us succeeded in passing the College Entrance E 九总结用语：in short; briefly/ in brief ; generally speaking， in a word， as you know， as is known to all A Generally speaking， sending an e-mail is more convenient than sending B In short， measures must be taken to prevent the environment being 常用句型（一）段首句关于……人们有不同的观点。一些人认为……There are different opinions among people as to……Some people suggest that …… 俗话说（常言道）……，它是我们前辈的经历，但是，即使在今天，它在许多场合仍然适用。There is an old saying……It's the experience of our forefathers，however，it is correct in many cases even 现在，……，它们给我们的日常生活带来了许多危害。首先，……；其次，……。更为糟糕的是……。Today， …… which have brought a lot of harms in our daily First， ……Second，……What makes things worse is that…… 现在，……很普遍，许多人喜欢……，因为……，另外（而且）……。Nowadays，it is common to …… Many people like …… because …… Besides，…… 任何事物都是有两面性，……也不例外。它既有有利的一面，也有不利的一面。Everything has two sides and …… is not an exception，it has both advantages and 关于……人们的观点各不相同，一些人认为（说）……，在他们看来，…… People’s opinions about …… vary from person to Some people say that ……To them，…… 人类正面临着一个严重的问题……，这个问题变得越来越严重。Man is now facing a big problem …… which is becoming more and more ……已成为人的关注的热门话题，特别是在年青人当中，将引发激烈的辩论。……has become a hot topic among people，especially among the young and heated debates are right on their ……在我们的日常生活中起着越来越重要的作用，它给我们带来了许多好处，但同时也引发一些严重的问题。 ……has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day it has brought us a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as 根据图表/数字/统计数字/表格中的百分比/图表/条形图/成形图可以看出……。很显然……，但是为什么呢？ According to the figure/number/statistics/percentages in the /chart/bar graph/line/graph，it can be seen that…… Obviously，……but why? （二）中间段落句相反，有一些人赞成……，他们相信……，而且，他们认为……。 On the contrary，there are some people in favor of……t the same time，they say…… 但是，我认为这不是解决……的好方法，比如……。最糟糕的是……。But I don't think it is a very good way to solve ……For example，……Worst of all，…… ……对我们国家的发展和建设是必不可少的，（也是）非常重要的。首先，……。而且……，最重要的是…… ……is necessary and important to our country's development and First，……What's more， ……Most important of all，…… 有几个可供我们采纳的方法。首先，我们可以……。There are several measures for us to First， we can…… 面临……，我们应该采取一系列行之有效的方法来……。一方面……，另一方面，Confronted with……we should take a series of effective measures to…… For one thing，For another，早就应该拿出行动了。比如说……，另外……。所有这些方法肯定会……。 It is high time that something was done about For ……In ……All these measures will certainly…… 为什么……？第一个原因是……；第二个原因是……；第三个原因是……。总的来说，……的主要原因是由于…… 　　Why…… The first reason is that ……The second reason is ……The third is……For all this， the main cause of ……use to …… 然而，正如任何事物都有好坏两个方面一样，……也有它的不利的一面，象……。However， just like everything has both its good and bad sides， ……also has its own disadvantages， such as …… 尽管如此，我相信……更有利。Nonetheless， I believe that ……is more 完全同意……这种观点（陈述），主要理由如下：I fully agree with the statement that ……because……（三）结尾句至于我，在某种程度上我同意后面的观点，我认为……As far as I am concerned， I agree with the latter opinion to some I think that …… 总而言之，整个社会应该密切关注……这个问题。只有这样，我们才能在将来……。 In a word， the whole society should pay close attention to the problem of ……Only in this way can ……in the 但是，……和……都有它们各自的优势（好处）。例如，……，而……。然而，把这两者相比较，我更倾向于（喜欢）…… But ……and……have heir own For example， …… while…… Comparing this with that， however， I prefer to…… 就我个人而言，我相信……，因此，我坚信美好的未来正等着我们。因为……Personally， I believe that…… Consequently， I’m confident that a bright future is awaiting us because…… 随着社会的发展，……。因此，迫切需要……。如果每个人都愿为社会贡献自己的一份力量，这个社会将要变得越来越好。 With the development of society， ……So it's urgent and necessary to ……If every member is willing to contribute himself to the society， it will be better and 至于我（对我来说，就我而言），我认为……更合理。只有这样，我们才能……For my part， I think it reasonable to…… Only in this way can you…… 对我来说，我认为有必要……。原因如下：第一，……；第二，……；最后……但同样重要的是…… In my opinion， I think it necessary to……The reasons are as First ……second …… Last but not least，…… 在总体上很难说……是好还是坏，因为它在很大程度上取决于……的形势。然而，就我个人而言，我发现……。 It is difficult to say whether ……is good or not in general as it depends very much on the situation of……however， from a personal point of view find…… 综上所述，我们可以清楚地得出结论……From what has been discussed above， we may reasonably arrive at the conclusion that…… 如果我们不采取有效的方法，就可能控制不了这种趋势，就会出现一些意想不到的不良后果，所以，我们应该做的是……If we can not take useful means， we may not control this trend， and some undesirable result may come out unexpectedly， so what we should do is……

英语作文常用的是开头语：Hello，everyone!要想表达步骤的话，可以用first、next、then、finaly来表示。用来表示过渡的话可以用连词来表示：but、notonly…butalso、either…nor等。用来总结的句子可以是：LI

回答亲亲，稍等提问 [鲜花][鲜花][鲜花] 回答亲亲，您好！句型和结构只是中国教师用的方便学生理解的说法基本上前者是以动词词组为单位的后者是以小句子为单位的句型是指一些固定搭配比如说be intersted in 这种结构是指某些句子特定的构成比如说平行结构 he likes drinking likes smoking likes swimming 这种句式：句子的结构表达式。如：there + be (is are was were ，will be hsa been ， ) + 名词 +地点。这个句型表示：某处有（即存在）某物。这叫做句式。句式很多，又如：主语 + be + too + + to + 动词原形（不定式）+ 不定式的宾语 + 其它（时间，地点，方式等等状语）。这个句型表示：主语太。。。。了以至于主语不能够作某事。语法就包含的内容很多。如。词法：名词（名词的功能作主语，宾语或（介词宾语）），定语，表语，宾语补足语，）动词：时态（共有16），语态（主动和被动），语气（陈述语气，疑问语气，感叹，强调，虚拟。。。等等）。形容词：作定语，比较级，最高级，复合形容词的构造规则，。。。。副词：。。。时态，人称，数的关系，等等句法：简单句，复合句，各种从句。句式严格说不属于语法。句式是学习单词的另一种形式，----不过不是单独第记忆某个单词而已，而是记住某种习惯句型的表达法。提问哈哈好的谢谢我想请问一下您是人工还是智能呀回答真人 提问哈哈哈哈哈哈哈哈好的吧辛苦了那么晚还没睡回答没事没事，亲亲也早点休息哟*^_^* 更多9条 

英文论文写作常用句式和词汇总结

以下是短文写作中使用率最高、覆盖面最广的基本句式，每组句式的功能相同或相似，考生可根据自己的情况选择其中的1－2个，做到能够熟练正确地仿写或套用。 1．表示原因 1）There are three reasons for this． 2）The reasons for this are as follows． 3）The reason for this is obvious． 4）The reason for this is not far to seek． 5）The reason for this is that．．． 6）We have good reason to believe that．．．例如： There are three reasons for the changes that have taken place in our life．Firstly，people’s living standard has been greatly improved．Secondly，most people are well paid， and they can afford what they need or like．Last but not least，more and more people prefer to enjoy modern life．注：如考生写第一个句子没有把握，可将其改写成两个句子。如：Great changes have taken place in our life． There are three reasons for this．这样写可以避免套用中的表达失误。 2．表示好处 1）It has the following advantages． 2）It does us a lot of good． 3）It benefits us quite a lot． 4）It is beneficial to us． 5）It is of great benefit to us．例如： Books are like friends．They can help us know the world better，and they can open our minds and widen our horizons．Therefore，reading extensively is of great benefit to us． 3．表示坏处 1）It has more disadvantages than advantages． 2）It does us much harm． 3）It is harmful to us．例如： However，everything divides into two．Television can also be harmful to us．It can do harm to our health and make us lazy if we spend too much time watching television． 4．表示重要、必要、困难、方便、可能 1）It is important（necessary，difficult，convenient， possible）for sb．to do sth． 2）We think it necessary to do sth． 3）It plays an important role in our life．例如： Computers are now being used everywhere，whether in the government，in schools or in business．Soon， computers will be found in every home，too．We have good reason to say that computers are playing an increasingly important role in our life and we have stepped into the Computer Age． 5．表示措施 1）We should take some effective measures． 2）We should try our best to overcome（conquer）the difficulties． 3）We should do our utmost in doing sth． 4）We should solve the problems that we are confronted（faced）with．例如： The housing problem that we are confronted with is becoming more and more serious．Therefore，we must take some effective measures to solve it． 6．表示变化 1）Some changes have taken place in the past five years． 2）A great change will certainly be produced in the world’s communications． 3）The computer has brought about many changes in education．例如： Some changes have taken place in people’s diet in the past five years．The major reasons for these changes are not far to seek．Nowadays，more and more people are switching from grain to meat for protein，and from fruit and vegetable to milk for vitamins． 7．表示事实、现状 1）We cannot ignore the fact that．．． 2）No one can deny the fact that．．． 3）There is no denying the fact that．．． 4）This is a phenomenon that many people are interested in． 5）However，that’s not the case．例如： We cannot ignore the fact that industrialization brings with it the problems of pollution．To solve these problems， we can start by educating the public about the hazards of pollution．The government on its part should also design stricter laws to promote a cleaner environment． 8．表示比较 1）Compared with A，B．．． 2）I prefer to read rather than watch TV． 3）There is a striking contrast between them．例如： Compared with cars，bicycles have several advantages besides being affordable．Firstly，they do not consume natural resources of petroleum．Secondly，they do not cause the pollution problem．Last but not least，they contribute to people’s health by giving them due physical exercise． 9．表示数量 1）It has increased（decreased）from．．．to．．． 2）The population in this city has now increased （decreased）to 800，000． 3）The output of July in this factory increased by 15％ compared with that of January．例如： With the improvement of the living standard，the proportion of people’s income spent on food has decreased while that spent on education has increased．再如： From the graph listed above，it can be seen that student use of computers has increased from an average of less than two hours per week in 1990 to 20 hours in 2000． 10．表示看法 1）People have（take，adopt，assume）different attitudes towards sth． 2）People have different opinions on this problem． 3）People take different views of（on）the question． 4）Some people believe that．．．Others argue that．．．例如： People have different attitudes towards failure．Some believe that failure leads to success． Every failure they experience translates into a greater chance of success at their renewed endeavor．However， others are easily discouraged by failures and put themselves into the category of losers．再如： Do “lucky numbers really bring good luck？Different people have different views on it．注：一个段落有时很适宜以问句开始，考生应掌握这一写作方法。 11．表示结论 1）In short，it can be said that ．．． 2）It may be briefly summed up as follows． 3）From what has been mentioned above，we can come to the conclusion that ．．．例如： From what has been mentioned above，we can come to the conclusion that examination is necessary，however， its method should be improved．注：例句1可用于任何一个段落的结论句；例句3则多用文章结论段的第一句。 12．套语 1）It’s well known to us that ．．． 2）As is known to us，．．． 3）This is a topic that is being widely talked about． 4）From the graph（table，chart）listed above，it can be seen that ．．． 5）As a proverb says，“Where there is a will，there is a way．例如： As is well known to us，it is important for the students to know the world outside campus． The reason for this is obvious．Nowadays，the society is changing and developing rapidly，and the campus is no longer an “ivory tower ．As college students，we must get in touch with the world outside the campus．Only in this way can we adapt ourselves to the society quickly after we graduate．再如： Does it pay to be honest？This is a topic that is being widely talked about and different people have different opinions on it．

一、根据衔接词本身在文章中起到的作用，主要分为以下四类，即“起”、“承”、“转”、“合”。（一）表示“起”的词/词组：用于开篇引出扩展句。at first 最初 for one thing…（for another）at present 现在；当今首先…（其次）…currently 目前；最后 recently　最近first（ly）第一 in general 一般说来in the beginning 起初 one the one hand…（on the other hand）to begin with 首先；第一一方面…（另一方面）first of all 首先；第一 generally speaking 一般地说in the first place 首先；第一 on the whole 总起来说lately 最近 to start with 首先；第一presently 现在；此刻 now 现在（二）有关“承”的常用词语：用来承接上文。after/after that/afterwards此后 by this time 此时after a few days 几天以后 certainly 无疑地；当然地after a while过了一会儿 therefore 因此；结果also/too 并且；又 for example 例如at the same time 同时 for instance 例如beside 此外 for this purpose 为了这个目的Besides/what，s more 而且；此外 from now on 从此in addition 此外 second 第二；第二点in addition to… 除…之外 secondly 第二in fact 事实上 similarly 同样地in other words 换句话说 so 所以in particular 特别（地） soon 不久in the same way 同样地 still 仍然by the way 顺便提一句 then 然后indeed 的确 third 第三；第三点meanwhile 与此同时 thirdly 第三moreover 而且，此外 for another 其次no doubt 无疑地 such as 正如obviously 明显地 later 后来of course当然 truly 事实上；真实地particularly特别地 unlike …不像……；和……不同what is more 而且；此外（三）有关“转”的常用词语：用来表示不同或相反的意见。after all 毕竟 fortunately 幸运地all the same 依然；照样 however 然而；无论如何anyway 无论如何 in spite of 尽管……；虽然……at the same time同时；然而 luckily 幸运地but 但是 by this time 此时though/although 尽管 no doubt 无疑地in/by contrast 对比之下 on the contrary 相反地even though即使 otherwise 否则still 仍然 unfortunately 不幸地in fact 事实上 unlike 不像……；和……不同as a matter of fact 事实上 yet仍；然而；但是especially 特别地（四）有关“合”的常用词语：用于小结上文或结束本段落的内容。above all 最重要的是 accordingly 于是as a result结果 in sum 总之，简而言之as has been noted 如前所述 in summary 简要地说as I have said 如我所述 on the whole 总体来说；整个看来at last 最后 therefore 因此by and large 一般说来 thus 因此briefly 简单扼要地 to speak frankly 坦白地说by doing so 如此 to sum up 总而言之eventually 最后 surely 无疑finally 最后 to conclude 总而言之in brief 简言之 no doubt 毫无疑问in conclusion 总之，最后 undoubtedly 无疑in short 简而言之 truly 的确in a word 总之 so 所以certainly 当然地；无疑地 obviously 显然all in all 总之二、根据衔接词本身的意思和文章连接所需要的逻辑意义，可分为以下14类。（一）表示因果关系as a result He never studied hard， and as a result he failed in the last as a result of He is late for work as a result of traffic accordinglyHe wanted to buy a radio for study English， and accordingly her mother bought it for because（of）We are delayed because of a traffic due toHis success is due to his excellent wing to Owing to his absence， our meeting is not hanks toThanks to a good teacher， she passed the w thatNow that you have grown up， you must earn for so long as You could realize your dream so long as you try it again and sinceSince you are here now， you，d better give a in thatThe policy is harmful in that it may encourage people to give so thatThe office speaks at the top of his voice so that every soldier could hear hereforeThere is a calculating mistakes there， therefore， the answer is （二）表示解释关系as a matter of factI will go there this morning， as a matter of fact， I am only 10 minutes， drive from as well I will go My friend will go with me as frankly speakingFrankly speaking， I am not very satisfactory with your in this caseIn this case， I will go there as soon as （三）表示推理关系or elseHurry up， or else you，ll be herwiseYou must carry this passport， otherwise you will be stopped by the if soIf so， it will make a great （四）表示递进关系in additionI need your In addition， I also need her besidesFirst， we must work Besides， we must work with a creative and moreoverThe hat is the right size for you， and moreover， it goes well with your hat is to sayThe stock price is declining， that is to say， I am losing in other wordsI am not hungry， in other words， I really dislike the food in this qually importantYou should read more news from newspapers， and equally important， keep an eye on the news from the what，s moreIt is harmful to my health， and what，s more， it is no good to my last but not leastLast but bot least， my thanks should go to every member of my （五）表示比较关系equallyAs a teacher， I should teach well， but equally， I should study in the same wayIt is such a coincidence that we figure it out in the same in contrast to In contrast to your belief， I quite disagree with insteadIf you don’t go， I，ll go the contraryYou thought I like On the contrary， I dislike in contrastIt is hot in the daytime， but in contrast it，s very cold at whileWe are happy in China， while most Africans live

常用句型：开头： When it comes to ， some think There is a public debate today that A is a commen way of ， but is it a wise one? Recentaly the problem has been brought into 提出观点： Now there is a growing awareness It is time we explore the truth of Nowhere in history has the issue been more 进一步提出观点： but that is only part of the Another equally important aspect is A is but one of the many Another is 提出假想例子的方式： Suppose Just imagine what would be like It is reasonable to It is not surprising 举普通例子： For example(instance)， such as A，B，C and so on (so forth) A good case in point 引用： One of the greatest early writers said "Knowledge is power"， such is the remard of "" That is how sb comment ( criticize/ ) "" How often we hear such words like 讲故事：（先说故事主体），this story is not ， such delimma we often meet in daily ， the story still has a realistic 提出原因： There are many reasons for Why ， for one thing， The answer to this problem involves many Any discussion about this problem would inevitably involves The first reason can be obiviously Most people would agree 进行对比： The advantages for A for outweigh the disadvantages Although A enjoys a distinct advantage Indeed ， A carries much weight than B when sth is A maybe ， but it suffers from the disadvantage 承上启下： To understand the truth of ， it is also important to A study of will make this point clear 让步： Certainly， B has its own advantages， such I do not deny that A has its own 结尾： From what has been discussed above， we may safely draw the conclusion that In summary， it is wiser In 一．开头用语：良好的开端等于成功的一半．在写作文时，通常以最简单也最常用的方式---开门见山法。也就是说，直截了当地提出你对这个问题的看法或要求，点出文章的中心思想。 1．议论论文： A Just as every coin has two sides， cars have both advantages and disadvantages． B Compared to/ In comparison with letters， e-mails are more C When it comes to computers， some people think they have brought us a lot of However， D Opinions are divided on the advantages and disadvantages of living in the city and in the 书信： A I am writing to you to apply for admission to your university as a visiting B I read an advertisement in today’s China Daily and I apply for the C Thank you for your letter of May 二．并列用语： as well as， not only…but (also)， including， A Not only do computers play an important part in science and technology， but also play an informative role in our daily B All of us， including the teachers / the teachers included， will attend the C He speaks French as well as E=He speaks English， and French as =He speaks not only English but also F D E-mail， as well as telephones， is playing an important part in daily 三．对比用语： on one hand ，on the other hand， on the contrary/contrary to ， though， for one thing ;for another， nevertheless A I know the Internet can only be used at home or in the office， but on the other hand， it is becoming more and more popular for much information as well as clear and vivid B It is hard work; I enjoy it C Contrary to what I had originally thought， the trip turned out to be 四递进用语： even， besides， what’s more， as for， so…that…， worse still， moreover， furthermore; but for， in addition， to make matters worse A The house is too small for a family of four， and furthermore/besides/what’s more/moreover /in addition/worse still ， it is in a bad 五例证用语： in one’s opinion， that is to say， for example， for instance， as a matter of fact， in fact， namely A As a matter of fact， advertisement plays an informative role in our daily life． B There is one more topic to discuss， namely/that is ( to say )， the question of 六时序用语： first/firstly， meanwhile， before long， ever since， while， at the same time， in the meantime， shortly after， nowadays， A They will be here Meanwhile， let’s have B Firstly， let me deal with the most important 七强调用语： especially， indeed， at least， at the most， What in the world/on ， not at all ， A Noise is unpleasant， especially when you are trying to B What in the world/on earth are you doing? 八因果用语： thanks to， because， as a result， because of/as a result of ， without， with the help ， owe A The company has a successful year， thanks mainly to the improvement in export B As a result， many of us succeeded in passing the College Entrance E 九总结用语： in short; briefly/ in brief ; generally speaking， in a word， as you know， as is known to all A Generally speaking， sending an e-mail is more convenient than sending B In short， measures must be taken to prevent the environment being 常用句型（一）段首句关于……人们有不同的观点。一些人认为…… There are different opinions among people as to……Some people suggest that …… 俗话说（常言道）……，它是我们前辈的经历，但是，即使在今天，它在许多场合仍然适用。 There is an old saying……It's the experience of our forefathers，however，it is correct in many cases even 现在，……，它们给我们的日常生活带来了许多危害。首先，……；其次，……。更为糟糕的是……。 Today， …… which have brought a lot of harms in our daily First， …… Second，……What makes things worse is that…… 现在，……很普遍，许多人喜欢……，因为……，另外（而且）……。 Nowadays，it is common to …… Many people like …… because …… Besides，…… 任何事物都是有两面性，……也不例外。它既有有利的一面，也有不利的一面。 Everything has two sides and …… is not an exception，it has both advantages and 关于……人们的观点各不相同，一些人认为（说）……，在他们看来，…… People’s opinions about …… vary from person to Some people say that ……To them，…… 人类正面临着一个严重的问题……，这个问题变得越来越严重。 Man is now facing a big problem …… which is becoming more and more ……已成为人的关注的热门话题，特别是在年青人当中，将引发激烈的辩论。 ……has become a hot topic among people，especially among the young and heated debates are right on their ……在我们的日常生活中起着越来越重要的作用，它给我们带来了许多好处，但同时也引发一些严重的问题。 ……has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day it has brought us a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as 根据图表/数字/统计数字/表格中的百分比/图表/条形图/成形图可以看出……。很显然……，但是为什么呢？ According to the figure/number/statistics/percentages in the /chart/bar graph/line/graph，it can be seen that…… Obviously，……but why? （二）中间段落句相反，有一些人赞成……，他们相信……，而且，他们认为……。 On the contrary，there are some people in favor of……t the same time，they say…… 但是，我认为这不是解决……的好方法，比如……。最糟糕的是……。 But I don't think it is a very good way to solve ……For example，……Worst of all，…… ……对我们国家的发展和建设是必不可少的，（也是）非常重要的。首先，……。而且……，最重要的是…… ……is necessary and important to our country's development and First，……What's more， ……Most important of all，…… 有几个可供我们采纳的方法。首先，我们可以……。 There are several measures for us to First， we can…… 面临……，我们应该采取一系列行之有效的方法来……。一方面……，另一方面， Confronted with……we should take a series of effective measures to…… For one thing，For another，早就应该拿出行动了。比如说……，另外……。所有这些方法肯定会……。 It is high time that something was done about For ……In ……All these measures will certainly…… 为什么……？第一个原因是……；第二个原因是……；第三个原因是……。总的来说，……的主要原因是由于…… Why…… The first reason is that ……The second reason is ……The third is……For all this， the main cause of ……use to …… 然而，正如任何事物都有好坏两个方面一样，……也有它的不利的一面，象……。 However， just like everything has both its good and bad sides， ……also has its own disadvantages， such as …… 尽管如此，我相信……更有利。 Nonetheless， I believe that ……is more 完全同意……这种观点（陈述），主要理由如下： I fully agree with the statement that ……because……