关于汽车的论文2000字开头英文怎么说

Electronic brakeforce distribution or EBD or EBFD is an automobile brake technology that automatically varies the amount of force applied to each of a vehicle's brakes， based on road conditions， speed， loading， Always coupled with anti-lock braking systems， EBD can apply more or less braking pressure to each wheel in order to maximize stopping power whilst maintaining vehicular [1][2] Typically， the front end carries the most weight and EBD distributes less braking pressure to the rear brakes so the rear brakes do not lock up and cause a [3]How ABS worksUnder heavy braking， vehicle wheels may lock- The anti-lock braking system (ABS) monitors wheel speeds and releases pressure on individual wheel brake lines， rapidly pulsing individual brakes to prevent lock- During heavy braking， preventing wheel lock-up helps the driver maintain steering Modern ABS has four individual brake lines for each wheel， enabling different braking pressure on different road For example， less braking pressure is needed to lock a wheel on ice than a wheel which on bare If the left wheels are on asphalt and the right wheels are on ice， during an emergency stop， ABS detects the right wheels about to lock and reduces braking force on the right wheels， helping to avoid lock-up and loss of vehicle How EBD worksAs per SAE technical paper #920646 - Buschmann et "The job of the EBD as a subsystem of the ABS system is to control the effective adhesion utilization by the rear The pressure of the rear wheels is approximated to the ideal brake force distribution in a partial braking To do so， the conventional brake design is modified in the direction of rear axle overbraking， and the components of the ABS are EBD reduces the strain on the hydraulic brake force proportioning valve in the EBD optimizes the brake design with regard to: adhesion utilization; driving stability; wear; temperature stress; and pedal "EBD may work in conjunction with ABS and Electronic Stability Control ("ESC") to minimize yaw accelerations during ESC compares steering wheel angle to vehicle turning rate using a yaw rate "Yaw" is the vehicle's rotation around its vertical center of gravity (turning left or right) If the yaw sensor detects more/less yaw than the steering wheel angle should create， the car is understeering or oversteering and ESC activates one of the front or rear brakes to rotate the car back into its intended For example， if a car is making a left turn and begins to understeer (the car plows forward to the outside of the turn) ESC activates the left rear brake， which will help turn the car The sensors are so sensitive， and the actuation is so quick that the system may correct direction before the driver ABS helps prevent wheel lock-up and EBD helps apply appropriate brake force to make ESC work

多了打不下，自己扩充一下。Isn't it great when a plan comes together? A few months ago Beijing was fretting about an apparent collapse in demand for Muted sales data – sales of passenger cars fell 35 per cent between March and August – suggested that China would be lucky to get anywhere near its target of shifting 10m vehicles in Some pretty blunt instruments later – tax cuts and subsidies for smaller vehicles – and autos are flying off the With 7m new vehicles shifted in the first quarter (up 4 per cent year on year)， China has zoomed past the US (2m， down 38 per cent) as the world's largest At that run rate， Beijing will beat its 2009 target by early D No wonder this week's Shanghai auto show is more festive than equivalent events in the west， which are being scaled back or canned But delegates should keep some champagne on Automakers are not necessarily looking at better profits: minivans mean mini- Sales of vehicles with bigger engines are falling， as they are everywhere This year's overall improvement in sales is almost certainly linked to rampant credit growth， which the banking regulator last week said it was looking to And the industry continues to grapple with structural demand Take cars: sales growth averaged about 40 per cent a year in the six years to 2008， when annual growth slipped to 7 per Even with the punchy start， 2009 is set for about 5 per cent， estimates C For a country with third-world penetration – 32 cars per 1，000 people in 2007 (compared with 800 in the US) – that kind of growth is hardly Chinese savings rates are among the highest in the world， implying huge potential for But as Morgan Stanley points out， given off-book liabilities such as retirement， healthcare and education， the average consumer is practically in negative In spite of Beijing's inducements， households may continue to prioritise these invisible debts over a new set of 一项计划的出台不是很棒吗？几个月前，中国政府为汽车需求锐减而烦恼不已。从去年3月至8月，乘用车销量减少了35%。疲软的销售数据表明，中国要是能接近实现2009年销售汽车1000万辆的目标就算走运了。采取了一些相当直接的措施（对小排量汽车下调购置税并提供补贴）后，汽车销量急速上升。今年第一季度中国新车销量达270万辆，同比增加4%，超越美国（220万辆，同比减少38%）成为世界第一大汽车销售市场。以这种增长速度，中国政府在12月初就能完成2009年的目标。难怪与西方规模缩减或压缩在一起举行的同类展会相比，本周的上海车展更具节日的欢乐气氛。但参展代表们先别忙开香槟庆祝。汽车制造商不一定能实现更多利润：微型车意味着微利。和世界其它地区一样，大排量汽车的销量正在减少。今年销量的总体改善几乎必定与信贷的高速增长有关——中国银行业监管部门上周已表示将注意控制。而汽车制造业还要继续努力解决结构性需求问题。以轿车为例：截至2008年的6年里，轿车销量以每年40%的平均速度增长，但2008年放缓至7%。虽然开局有力，但据花旗(Citi)估计，2009年汽车销量增幅可能在5%左右。对于一个汽车普及率仅为第三世界水平的国家——2007年，每千人拥有32辆汽车，而美国每千人拥有800辆——这种增长根本算不上惊人。中国的储蓄率位居世界前列，意味着巨大的消费潜能。但正如摩根士丹利(Morgan Stanley)指出的那样，如果考虑到退休、医疗和教育等账外债务，中国普通消费者实际上是负资产。因此，尽管中国政府采取了一系列刺激措施，但与购置新车相比，老百姓可能还是会优先考虑那些无形的债务负担。

关于汽车的论文2000字开头英语怎么说

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关于汽车的论文5000字开头英文怎么说

Society into the information network era， the requirements of the vehicle no longer be satisfied with a means of transport， but also want to live and work car is an extension of the scope， in the car like in their own office and home work and At the same time， the growing automotive electronics and also the rapid development of automotive technology was considered in the development process of a revolution of automotive electronics is a measure of the degree is seen as an important level of Hyundai Motor With computer technology， communication technology， the rapid development of integrated circuit technology in order to figure represented Fieldbus field instrument， equipment， a large number of applications， red tape has been the scene of a single simple connection of fieldbus networks in place of， the quality of signal transmission also greatly improved， cars have begun to enter the Internet A In the last decade， the users of motor vehicles for the comfort， safety and environmental requirements such as performance In order to meet these ever-increasing demand for computer-controlled vehicle electrical and electronic equipment increased dramatically， making vehicles (especially cars) the design of the layout of electrical circuits has become increasingly In addition， a variety of automotive electrical and electronic connector of the ensuing surge in the number of motor vehicles traveling on the course because of the failure point connector automotive electrical and electronic equipment on the issue of failure to perform its functions more and more To address these problems， many new models (especially the high-end models) the beginning of the development of the wider use of computer network In this paper， computer network technology in the automotive application of the basic principles of network technology on the inside and outside the vehicle， the introduction of the internal network， introduced the characteristics of automotive and automotive standards for the internal network， focuses on the control of the main local area network CAN characteristics and their Vehicle performance in accordance with the role of the impact of division of motor vehicle electronic products can be summarized as two types: one is the automotive electronic control devices， including the engine， chassis and body electronic One is car-car electronic devices， including motor vehicle information systems， navigation systems， car audio and video entertainment systems， automotive communications systems， Internet

Cars in America(美国的汽车)Cars in AmericaCars are an important part of lifein the United S The car made the UnitedStatesanationon Andit helped to make the United States what it is There are three main reasons why the car became so popular in the United S First of all the country is a huge one and Americans like to move around in The cars provide the most comfortable and cheapest form of The second reason that cars are popular is the fact that the United States never really developed an efficient and inexpensive form of public Long-distance trains have never been as common in the United States as they are in other parts of the Nowadays there is a good system of air service provided by But it is too expensive to be used The third reason is the most important one， The American spirit of independence is what really made cars Americans don't like to wait for a bus， or a train or even a They don't like to have to follow an exact And the freedom a car gives them is what Americans want most to The decrease of gas supplies has caused a big problem for A But the answer will not be a bigger system of public The real solution will have to be a new kind of car， one that does not use so much 美国的汽车汽车是美国生活的重要组成部分。汽车使得美国成为轮子上的国家，它也帮助美国成为现在的样子。汽车在美国如此盛行有三个主要原因。首先这个国家地域辽阔，而美国人喜欢在其间来回走动。汽车提供了最舒适最便宜的交通方式。汽车如此盛行的第二个原因是美国从未真正发展过有效廉价的公共交通这一事实。美国的长途火车从未像世界上其它地方那么普及。如今飞机提供了空中服务的良好体系。但是飞机太贵了，不能频繁使用。而第三个原因是最为重要的。美国人的独立精神是使得汽车盛行的真正原因。美国人不喜欢等公共汽车、火车甚至飞机。他们不喜欢必须遵循精确的时间表。汽车给予他们的自由正是美国人最想得到的。汽油供给的减少已经给美国人带来了巨大的问题。但答案不是发展更大型的公交体系。真正的解决方式必须是一种新型的汽车，那种不需要使用很多燃料的汽车。Car PollutionEach year there is an increasing number of cars on the roads as millions of new cars are One out of six Americans works at making cars， driving trucks， building roads or filling up Americans couldn't live without cars!Most Americans would find it hard to imagine life without a However， some have realized the serious problem of air pollution caused by The polluted air becomes poisonous and dangerous to One way to get rid of the polluted air is to make a car without But to build a clean car is easier said than Progress in this field is Another way is to replace car engines with something Inventors are now working on steam cars as well as electric Many makers believe that it will take years to develop a practical model for To prevent the world from being polluted by cars， we have to make some changes in our Americans， for example， have to cut down on the number of their total They are encouraged to use bicycles， which are thought to help keep the air But this change does not come A large number of workers may find themselves without jobs if a car factory cioses Thus the problem of air pollution would become less important than that of Although cars have led us to a better life， they have also brought us new 汽车污染上路的汽车数量逐年增长，同时，每年都会生产出几百万辆新车。在美国，每六个人中就有一个从事与汽车相关的工作：造车、开车、修路、加油等等。离开汽车，美国人无法生活!大部分美国人简直无法想象没有车的生活会是什么样子。但是一些人也已经意识到汽车造成的空气污染已成为严重的问题。被污染的空气具有毒性，并且危害健康。解决空气污染的方法之一就是制造无污染汽车。但是生产清洁汽车说来容易做来难。目前，这一领域的进展十分缓慢。另一个方法就是使用其他东西替代汽车发动机。发明家正在研制蒸汽汽车和电车。但是许多厂家认为我们可以使用的实用型汽车的诞生可能还需要几年时间。要想阻止全球化的汽车污染，我们需要对自己的生活方式做出适当的改变。例如，在美国，需要缩减汽车总量。鼓励人们使用有助空气清洁的自行车。但这种改变不能一蹴而就。一旦汽车工厂关闭，就会有大量工人失去工作。与失业相比，空气污染似乎就不再那么重要了。尽管汽车为我们带来了更加舒适的生活，同时，它也带来了新的问题。

With the entry of informative network times is comimg， people are not simply satisfied with Atuo as the means of walking replacement， but to expect it can be closely related life to work， just as we work in the office or at home while we take the Meanwhile， Auto electronic rapid developing is regarded as the revolution of Auto technology E-vehicle developing level is one of the key points to measure modern auto Followed the rapid development of comupter， telecommunication and integrated circuit technology， the typified digital field bus of field instrument and other related instruments widely used， and the complicated live link are replaced by simple live network link， the quality of signal transmission becomes much better than before， so that Auto gradually enters internet In reccent decade， customers have higher quality on comfort， security， eco-friendliness of A To meet these increasing demands， many electronic equipment controlled by computer is sharpely increasing in Auto， as a result of line connection becomes more difficult in Auto， especially in Besides， the quantity of electronic line point shows Inevitably it’ll has some troubles or blocks in So that many new model or high-level model auto is using network technology in the process of research to solve these This essay talks about how network is used in inner and outer auto， refering to the characteristic and standard of inner network used in A While the key point is to emphasise on the main features and using of controlling local area According to driving performance， auto electronic products could be classified as followings: one is Auto electronic control devices， including engine， chassis and body electronic The other is car electronic devices， including motor vehicle information systems， navigation systems， car audio and video entertainment systems， automotive communications systems， internet equipment

关于汽车的论文2000字开头英文

My View on Developing the Car IndustryWith the development of modern industry，more and more families are able to have their own But，seeing the problems like air pollution and the reduction of resources，some people appeal for the reduction of private Still，I think there is every reason for the even faster development of the car Thanks to the development of the car industry， we do not have to cram in the buses， but can enjoy free travel in own cars， we can go to more places in a leisure Transportation becomes comfortable and But there are those who worry that too many cars may cause more traffic problems， serious:air pollution and the exhaustion ofresources， While these problems may be true， they can be solved and some are being For example， we can invent cars that: can save fuel or use other types of energy so that cars can still ＇be used even though resources run To reduce pollution， people have manufactured many cars without We can relieve the traffic pressure by building more and more roads or-adopt computer-monitored automated For all the contemporary problems cars bring， no one can deny the convenience cars bring us and ignore the effort We make to solve these Therefore，the development of the car industry is necessary， and it should develop as quickly as

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关于汽车的论文2000字开头英语

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呵呵 3000字 20分说真的兄弟，20元都没有人帮你搞，还带翻译，没一天都搞不出来可能给某些机构或者个人200元就有可能