关于文学的论文2000字开头英文怎么说
“论文”一词的英文表达很多，通常因场合、用处不同而有不同的表达，下面罗列了几种，请楼主斟酌一下那一种是适合自己。*dissertation（博士学位）论文，（专题）论文，学术演讲：长而正式的论文，尤指大学里由博士学位攻读者所写的论文；学位论*disquisition专题论文；专题演讲，专题讨论：关于一个论题的正式讨论，常为书面形式*thesis命题论文：尤指出于获得学位的研究需要而改进原来观点以作为研究成果的论文*discourse （学术）讨论，研讨用的论文*paper 作业形式的，为达到某一目的或效果（如学位）而写的
In contemporary Chinese literary history， mo yan's value over time and more clearly， he precipitated the unique narrative style and works of flowery colour， create a contemporary literature for new Based on the color words to the axis， from the use quantity， preference and using method of mo yan color word summarized the characteristics of novels， From different people， write 3d perspectives color word for the mo yan novel rhetorical effect， With red and green color word for example reveals the unique connotation embodied in the novel， the deep excavation， mo yan novel colour
已经发送 过去了；！
论《洛丽塔》中纳博科夫的现代意识 (文化冲突)The Dispiriting Incompatibility of European and American CulturesThroughout Lolita， the interactions between European and American cultures result in perpetual misunderstandings and Charlotte Haze， an American， is drawn to the sophistication and worldliness of Humbert， a E She eagerly accepts Humbert not so much because of who he is， but because she is charmed by what she sees as the glamour and intellect of Humbert’s Humbert has no such reverence for C He openly mocks the superficiality and transience of American culture， and he views Charlotte as nothing but a simple-minded However， he adores every one of Lolita’s vulgarities and chronicles every detail of his tour of America—he enjoys the possibilities for freedom along the open American He eventually admits that he has defiled the country rather than the other way Though Humbert and Lolita develop their own version of peace as they travel together， their union is clearly not based on understanding or Lolita cannot comprehend the depth of Humbert’s devotion， which he overtly links to art， history， and culture， and Humbert will never truly recognize Lolita’s unwillingness to let him sophisticate Eventually， Lolita leaves Humbert for the American Quilty， who does not bore her with high culture or grand 偶然和无常纳博科夫的《洛丽塔》中的混沌 (心里和心理学方面的混乱)The Inadequacy of PsychiatryHumbert’s passion for Lolita defies easy psychological analysis， and throughout Lolita Humbert mocks psychiatry’s tendency toward simplistic， logical In the foreword to Lolita， John Ray， J， PD， claims that Humbert’s tale will be of great interest to psychiatry， but throughout his memoir Humbert does his best to discredit the entire field of study， heaping the most scorn on Freudian For example， he enjoys lying to the psychiatrists at the He reports mockingly that Pratt， the headmistress of Lolita’s school， diagnoses Lolita as sexually immature， wholly unaware that she actually has an overly active sex life with her By undermining the authority and logic of the psychiatric field， Nabokov demands that readers view Humbert as a unique and deeply flawed human being， but not an insane Humbert further thwarts efforts of scientific categorization by constantly describing his feelings for Lolita as an enchantment or spell， closer to magic than to He tries to prove that his love is not a mental disease but an enormous， strange， and uncontrollable emotion that resists easy Nabokov himself was deeply critical of psychiatry， and Lolita is， in a way， an attack on the 以《洛丽塔》为例分析文学内在价值与社会道德规范的冲突解析《洛丽塔》中主人公的悲剧命运论《洛丽塔》的悲剧意义(这段3个主题都有相关，但是不详细)Humbert and Lolita are both exiles， and， alienated from the societies with which they are familiar， they find themselves in ambiguous moral territory where the old rules seem not to Humbert chooses exile and comes willingly from Europe to America， while Lolita is forced into exile when Charlotte She becomes detached from her familiar community of Ramsdale and goes on the road with H Together， they move constantly and belong to no single fixed The tourists Humbert and Lolita meet on the road are similarly transient， belonging to a generic America rather than to a specific In open， unfamiliar territory， Humbert and Lolita form their own set of rules， where normal sexual and familial relationships become twisted and Both Humbert and Lolita have become so disconnected from ordinary society that neither can fully recognize how morally depraved their actions Humbert cannot see his own monstrosity， and Lolita shows only occasional awareness of herself of a Though Humbert sweeps Lolita away so that they can find a measure of freedom， their exile ultimately traps Lolita is bound to Humbert because she has nowhere else to go， and though Humbert dreams of leaving America with Lolita， he eventually accepts that he will stay in America until he Though each of them undergoes one final exile， Lolita to Dick Schiller and Humbert to prison， it is clear that they are first and foremost exiled from their own selves， an exile so total that they could never return to their original places in the worlds they once Exile in L
关于竞争的论文2000字开头英文怎么说
童鞋你好！ 这个估计需要自己搜索了！ 当然了，如果果真找不到追问一下！ 网上基本很难找到免费给你服务的！ 我在这里给你点搜索国际上常用的外文数据库： ---------------------------------------------------------- ⑴ISI web of knowledge Engineering Village2 ⑵Elsevier SDOL数据库 IEEE/IEE(IEL) ⑶EBSCOhost RSC英国皇家化学学会 ⑷ACM美国计算机学会 ASCE美国土木工程师学会 ⑸Springer电子期刊 WorldSciNet电子期刊全文库 ⑹Nature周刊 NetLibrary电子图书 ⑺ProQuest学位论文全文数据库 ⑻国道外文专题数据库 CALIS西文期刊目次数据库 ⑼推荐使用ISI web of knowledge Engineering Village2 ----------------------------------------------------------- 中文翻译得自己做了，实在不成就谷歌翻译。 弄完之后，自己阅读几遍弄顺了就成啦！ 学校以及老师都不会看这个东西的！ 外文翻译不是论文的主要内容！ 所以，很容易过去的！ 祝你好运！
竞争；比赛；对抗例句：If you want to compete with someone， compete with 如果你想同别人竞争，先同自己竞争。
The strength of the competitiveness of enterprises is deciding whether the key to success in the market， but now the tobacco industry is in the critical period of reform and development， how to recognize the situation and to promote the competitiveness of the tobacco companies must pay attention at this stage the key issues and solutions Based on the analysis of tobacco company internal and external environment， to enhance the competitiveness of enterprises summary of the main factors， from the market， system building， law enforcement environment， building personnel point of view of the way to enhance the competitiveness of
关于核心竞争力的最权威英语学术文章—— 下载：61/20060914/b51a0d52-e879-4a8e-a0f4-pdf参考资料： ，
关于汽车的论文2000字开头英文怎么说
Electronic brakeforce distribution or EBD or EBFD is an automobile brake technology that automatically varies the amount of force applied to each of a vehicle's brakes， based on road conditions， speed， loading， Always coupled with anti-lock braking systems， EBD can apply more or less braking pressure to each wheel in order to maximize stopping power whilst maintaining vehicular [1][2] Typically， the front end carries the most weight and EBD distributes less braking pressure to the rear brakes so the rear brakes do not lock up and cause a [3]How ABS worksUnder heavy braking， vehicle wheels may lock- The anti-lock braking system (ABS) monitors wheel speeds and releases pressure on individual wheel brake lines， rapidly pulsing individual brakes to prevent lock- During heavy braking， preventing wheel lock-up helps the driver maintain steering Modern ABS has four individual brake lines for each wheel， enabling different braking pressure on different road For example， less braking pressure is needed to lock a wheel on ice than a wheel which on bare If the left wheels are on asphalt and the right wheels are on ice， during an emergency stop， ABS detects the right wheels about to lock and reduces braking force on the right wheels， helping to avoid lock-up and loss of vehicle How EBD worksAs per SAE technical paper #920646 - Buschmann et "The job of the EBD as a subsystem of the ABS system is to control the effective adhesion utilization by the rear The pressure of the rear wheels is approximated to the ideal brake force distribution in a partial braking To do so， the conventional brake design is modified in the direction of rear axle overbraking， and the components of the ABS are EBD reduces the strain on the hydraulic brake force proportioning valve in the EBD optimizes the brake design with regard to: adhesion utilization; driving stability; wear; temperature stress; and pedal "EBD may work in conjunction with ABS and Electronic Stability Control ("ESC") to minimize yaw accelerations during ESC compares steering wheel angle to vehicle turning rate using a yaw rate "Yaw" is the vehicle's rotation around its vertical center of gravity (turning left or right) If the yaw sensor detects more/less yaw than the steering wheel angle should create， the car is understeering or oversteering and ESC activates one of the front or rear brakes to rotate the car back into its intended For example， if a car is making a left turn and begins to understeer (the car plows forward to the outside of the turn) ESC activates the left rear brake， which will help turn the car The sensors are so sensitive， and the actuation is so quick that the system may correct direction before the driver ABS helps prevent wheel lock-up and EBD helps apply appropriate brake force to make ESC work
多了打不下，自己扩充一下。Isn't it great when a plan comes together? A few months ago Beijing was fretting about an apparent collapse in demand for Muted sales data – sales of passenger cars fell 35 per cent between March and August – suggested that China would be lucky to get anywhere near its target of shifting 10m vehicles in Some pretty blunt instruments later – tax cuts and subsidies for smaller vehicles – and autos are flying off the With 7m new vehicles shifted in the first quarter (up 4 per cent year on year)， China has zoomed past the US (2m， down 38 per cent) as the world's largest At that run rate， Beijing will beat its 2009 target by early D No wonder this week's Shanghai auto show is more festive than equivalent events in the west， which are being scaled back or canned But delegates should keep some champagne on Automakers are not necessarily looking at better profits: minivans mean mini- Sales of vehicles with bigger engines are falling， as they are everywhere This year's overall improvement in sales is almost certainly linked to rampant credit growth， which the banking regulator last week said it was looking to And the industry continues to grapple with structural demand Take cars: sales growth averaged about 40 per cent a year in the six years to 2008， when annual growth slipped to 7 per Even with the punchy start， 2009 is set for about 5 per cent， estimates C For a country with third-world penetration – 32 cars per 1，000 people in 2007 (compared with 800 in the US) – that kind of growth is hardly Chinese savings rates are among the highest in the world， implying huge potential for But as Morgan Stanley points out， given off-book liabilities such as retirement， healthcare and education， the average consumer is practically in negative In spite of Beijing's inducements， households may continue to prioritise these invisible debts over a new set of 一项计划的出台不是很棒吗？几个月前，中国政府为汽车需求锐减而烦恼不已。从去年3月至8月，乘用车销量减少了35%。疲软的销售数据表明，中国要是能接近实现2009年销售汽车1000万辆的目标就算走运了。采取了一些相当直接的措施（对小排量汽车下调购置税并提供补贴）后，汽车销量急速上升。今年第一季度中国新车销量达270万辆，同比增加4%，超越美国（220万辆，同比减少38%）成为世界第一大汽车销售市场。以这种增长速度，中国政府在12月初就能完成2009年的目标。难怪与西方规模缩减或压缩在一起举行的同类展会相比，本周的上海车展更具节日的欢乐气氛。但参展代表们先别忙开香槟庆祝。汽车制造商不一定能实现更多利润：微型车意味着微利。和世界其它地区一样，大排量汽车的销量正在减少。今年销量的总体改善几乎必定与信贷的高速增长有关——中国银行业监管部门上周已表示将注意控制。而汽车制造业还要继续努力解决结构性需求问题。以轿车为例：截至2008年的6年里，轿车销量以每年40%的平均速度增长，但2008年放缓至7%。虽然开局有力，但据花旗(Citi)估计，2009年汽车销量增幅可能在5%左右。对于一个汽车普及率仅为第三世界水平的国家——2007年，每千人拥有32辆汽车，而美国每千人拥有800辆——这种增长根本算不上惊人。中国的储蓄率位居世界前列，意味着巨大的消费潜能。但正如摩根士丹利(Morgan Stanley)指出的那样，如果考虑到退休、医疗和教育等账外债务，中国普通消费者实际上是负资产。因此，尽管中国政府采取了一系列刺激措施，但与购置新车相比，老百姓可能还是会优先考虑那些无形的债务负担。
Cars in America(美国的汽车)Cars in AmericaCars are an important part of lifein the United S The car made the UnitedStatesanationon Andit helped to make the United States what it is There are three main reasons why the car became so popular in the United S First of all the country is a huge one and Americans like to move around in The cars provide the most comfortable and cheapest form of The second reason that cars are popular is the fact that the United States never really developed an efficient and inexpensive form of public Long-distance trains have never been as common in the United States as they are in other parts of the Nowadays there is a good system of air service provided by But it is too expensive to be used The third reason is the most important one， The American spirit of independence is what really made cars Americans don't like to wait for a bus， or a train or even a They don't like to have to follow an exact And the freedom a car gives them is what Americans want most to The decrease of gas supplies has caused a big problem for A But the answer will not be a bigger system of public The real solution will have to be a new kind of car， one that does not use so much
关于节能的论文2000字开头英文怎么说
“家园只有一个，地球不能克隆”。是啊，地球是我们唯一的家，它哺育着大地万物，为人类无私的奉献！There is only one "home， the earth can't clone" Yes， the earth is our only home， it is nurturing the earth， all things for human's selfless dedication! “不要让地球的最后一滴水，成为人类悔恨的眼泪”，这句话一直触动着我的心灵。楼道水龙头旁清楚的写着“珍惜资源，节约用水”，但在那里玩水、洒水等浪费水的现象经常出现，甚至，水在源源不断的流着，然而用水之人却消失的无影无踪；教室中的多媒体经常连夜的开着，然而，在放学时，可能有同学看到了，但他们宁可让多媒体整夜开着，也不愿意去迈那几步；在办公室里，打印机、电脑这些教学设备总是处于待机状态；有些孩子在教室里撕本子，玩折纸飞机；有些孩子因不想吃饭而去将那米饭倒掉。"Don't let the last drop of water， has become our tears of regret"， this sentence has been touching my Corridor near the faucet clearly written on the "treasure resources， saving water，" but playing with water， there often appear the phenomenon of wasting water， such as water， even in a steady stream of water flow， the water of the people， however， disappeared; Multimedia in the classroom often overnight open， however， in the school， may see a classmate， but they would rather let multimedia open all night， also don't want to take the steps; In the office， printer， computer these teaching equipment is always in standby state; Some children in the classroom to tear notebook， playing origami planes; Some children due to don't want to eat to the 为什么如此简单随手一关，对我们来说那么困难？为什么如此简单的几步，对我们来说如同登天一般困难。我们要学会节约能源，降低耗费，珍惜资源！人类只有一个地球！Why so easy with a level， so difficult for us? Why so simple a few steps， like heaven difficult for We should learn to save energy， reduce cost， cherish resources! Humans have only one earth! 也许对于我们来说，水、电、食物这些资源是取之不尽的，但是，你可否想过：在地球的另一方，有人因缺水而死亡，因饥饿而失去生命。而这些，往往是我们能够帮到他们的，每一个人只要节约一点点，积少成多，聚沙成塔，如果每人每月节约1吨水，全国一年就能节省了156亿吨水；如果每人每天节约1元钱，全国一年就能节省4745亿元。地球上的各种资源都是有限的，我们要学会节省能源，降低耗费，珍惜资源。Perhaps for us， water， electricity， food， these resources are inexhaustible， but， you may want to: on the other side of the earth， people died for lack of water， lost their lives because of And these， we can help to them， is often a person just to save a little bit， many a mickle makes a muckle， and cumulatively， if everybody every month 1 tons of water saving， the national a year could save 6 billion tons of water; If one yuan per person per day to save money， the country could save $5 billion a The earth's resources are limited， we must learn to save energy and reduce the cost， cherish 同学们，让我们行动起来吧！地球是我们唯一的家园，让我们携手，一起来保护它！节能降耗，珍惜资源，从身边的小事做起，学会勤俭节约，共创绿色家园！Boys and girls， let's get started! The earth is our only home， let us hand in hand， together to protect it! Saving energy and reducing consumption， cherish resources， start from around things， learn to thrift， create green home! 节能降耗，珍惜资源是我们大家共同的责任。Saving energy and reducing consumption， cherish resources is our common
In recent years， with the "people-oriented" design concept of the proposed residential comfort people have become increasingly demanding， building energy consumption also will 据统计，目前我国建筑能耗约占国民经济总能耗的25%左右，且呈上升趋势。 According to statistics， China's national economy， building energy consumption accounts for about 25% of the total energy consumption， and on the 另一方面，随着建筑能耗的增加和大量空调设备的安装，“城市热岛效应”日益严重，使环境日益恶化。 On the other hand， with the increase in building energy consumption and large air-conditioning installation， "urban heat island effect" is worsening， deteriorating the 我国建筑节能的重点应为：建筑本体的节能、采暖系统节能、提高照明和其他电器的效率、大型公共建筑节能。 China's building energy efficiency should focus on are: ontology building energy-saving， energy-saving heating system， improve the efficiency of lighting and other electrical appliances， large public building energy 随着科学技术的日新月异，能源短缺已不容忽视，节约能源已受到世界性的普遍关注，在我国亦不例外。 With the ever-changing science and technology， energy shortage has not be ignored， a worldwide energy conservation has been widespread concern in China is no 目前，全世界有近30%的能源消耗在建筑物上，长此以往，将严重影响世界经济的可持续发展。 At present， nearly 30% of the world's energy consumption in buildings， the long run， it will seriously affect the world economy and sustainable 因此，能源问题将成为本世纪的热门话题。 Therefore， the energy issue will become a hot topic in this 本文着重讲的是现有建筑节能存在的问题、解决方法与未来的发展方向。 This article focuses on talking about the existing building energy problems， solutions and future direction of
请自觉完成佛山一中英语作业你的号码已被记录交学校处理
energy-saving
关于艺术的论文2000字开头英文怎么说
好不容易上完四年大学，最后写论文了还得让别人写！~唉自己反省吧
绘画与设计关系的几点思考 内容摘要:文章通过分析绘画与设计的使命、特点、异同与发展等，客观、深刻、科学地阐述了两者的关系。 关 键 词:绘画 设计 使命 关系 画家与设计师有时会引发一些争议。有的认为，绘画与设计同属美术，只要有绘画功夫，搞设计是不成问题的;而另一种观点是:仅仅靠绘画的功底去从事设计是远远不够的。因此，有必要认真思考绘画与设计两者的使命，理清它们之间的种种关系，这对艺术设计教育与实践等具有建设性意义。 一、 绘画与设计的特点、使命、区分 绘画与设计虽然同属创造性活动，但具有各自的特点和使命。 具体说来，绘画具有被观赏的特征，反映的是思想意识、精神生活、情感宣泄和美感体现等，因此，绘画是非物质、非功利、非实用主义的。创新是绘画的生命，并且通过个性化体现来实现，古今中外每一位杰出的绘画大师都创作过极为个性化的作品，展现了自己的典型风格和特征。画家们(尤其是现代派画家)，为了表现出作品的生命力，根据自己的愿望，在技能、材质与工具的应用上随心所欲，可以完全不考虑其作品被不被人理解、欣赏、接纳或认可。在这方面，凡·高是一位典型的大师，他创造了大量极作，但在当时未能被人们广泛接受。 而设计具有鲜明的实用价值，设计的产生、发展是与商业行为结伴而来的，是随着商品经济的激烈竞争而出现的。设计体现的是多层次的理性思考，是在设计理念和功能体现的前题下，通过科学技术、材料、工艺、机械加工等工业化的生产综合水平，生产出各类产品，最终满足全社会消费者生存所必不可少的物质需求与精神需求。因此，设计是物质性、功利性和实用性的，是不能完全凭感觉去完成的，而更需要接受和服从广大的消费者的消费需求、文化品位与生活习惯。例如，各类电器从设计到生产，再从市场到消费者的使用，整个过程体现了设计需要考虑各种因素如设计、策划、市场、消费、生产、成本、企业文化、品牌、设计思潮、设计风格和流行趋势等问题，寻找最佳的表达方法，把设计师的构想变成消费者能够接受和采纳的现实。 二、绘画与设计的异同 绘画与设计属于美术两大分支，它们之间有着相同之处，都是属于创造性活动，但也有本质的区别，二者之间的关系属于两个不同性质行业之间的关系，具体体现在以下几个方面。 首先，绘画与设计在工艺制作和实现方式上存在着区别。绘画虽然是一门艺术，但整个绘画作品的产生和制作过程是属于纯手工艺的，观者看到画面上的点、线、面、体和真实的肌理或质感，都是画家手工制作的，因此，绘画中手工操作的技术含量占重要比例。完成一幅绘画作品实际上是完成一种思维过程，即通过某种技法去实现某种意念，那么，怎样才能使这种思维的实现成为可能?在这里技术所包含的材料、技巧等起到了决定性的作用。例如，油画是通过以油为结合剂的油性颜料，用特定的技法，将构想画在布面或其他材料上;国画是用毛笔蘸上墨等水溶性颜料，以特有的笔法，将构想画在宣纸、帛以及其他材料上。但对设计产品来说，在实现方式上是通过脑力劳动的创造与大工业机器生产相结合来完成的，如今科技的进步和电脑的产生，给设计业带来了划时代的变化，设计作品的产生方式更加体现了机器的智能化、系列化，机器的重要性越来越明显。 其次，绘画与设计在商品经济中的地位是不同的。 对于绘画而言，是非商品化的(商业绘画除外)，画家们强调的是自身的感受、意念、风格和精神内涵，如现代绘画更是创新观念独特，其个性表露和情感发泄更加强烈，使人惊讶不已，画家不会考虑其绘画能否让观者接受，更不去考虑绘画在商品经济中的地位。但设计是一项为他人服务的活动，具有物质性、功利性和实用性，并与商界有密切联系。如果说消费者和顾客是上帝的话，那么设计师就得屈服于他们的“上帝”，这是应该遵循的原则。设计者必须使他的产品具备使用价值与审美价值，去满足消费者的种种需求，赢得他们的信任与满意，最后通过市场竞争，使之实现畅销。因此，设计在商品经济中的地位是举足轻重的。 三、绘画与设计的联系 虽然绘画与设计之间存在着各种差异，但不能否认绘画与设计这两个同属于一根藤的瓜，有着千丝万缕的联系。如:早期绘画与设计的起源在艺术规律和基本特征上有着很大的相似性。又如，具备必要的绘画知识及审美能力，对于设计教学和设计实践尤为重要。在设计教学中，学生应具备必要的绘画知识，才能表达各类形态的造型，并能提高形象思维能力、抽象思维能力、抽象表现能力、对形态的审美能力等。这就意味着素描教学有很重要的地位，学生的绘画是从基础素描开始的，随后再通过设计素描、设计草图、设计效果图等课程的学习进行绘画的进一步训练。这些课程在培养学生从设计基础向设计专业过渡和衔接上起到关键性作用，是培养学生的设计意识及设计表达能力不可缺少的重要环节。在设计实践中，更是离不开绘画，如果一个从事设计的人不懂得绘画，那是寸步难行。这是因为:第一，在设计前期，也就是在想象和构思阶段，绘画(绘制草图)可以帮助捕捉灵感;第二，成熟的设计意念需要通过绘画得到具体表达，传达给他人。 绘画与设计也将随着时代的前进而发展。我国的绘画将继续在国际性的巨大风格差异中摸索和试验，探索新的道路，将绘画的时代性、民族性、当代性放在第一位，开创中国绘画的国际地位与影响，这对设计领域也是一个很好的促进;在设计教育方面，我国将实行素质教育，它是一种综合教育方式，涉及到社会、人文、科技，具有跨学科意义，使学生得到设计方向、设计商务、设计策划等多途径的教育，这对绘画观念的更新有着巨大影响。 结语 绘画与设计，就好比是“一根藤上的两个瓜”，是不可分割的。只有正确理解绘画与设计的起源与奥秘、特点与使命、异同与对比、整合与发展等，才能对两者的关系有客观的、深刻的、科学的认识，这对提高教学的质量、打造时代所需要的设计人才，弘扬中国元素与民族精神，摘掉中国设计师只会拷贝的帽子，具有建设性意义。
Abstract：The advertisement design has already become an indispensable component in the current commercial city， with the development of market economy， the advertisement design embodies the economic level of the society and cultural level more and So， it is necessary for us to define more deeply he creates intention and direction， thus let us understand the actual intension of the advertisement design， enable advertising intention and society's organic combining together， achieve the goal that we created and propagated， and can analyze the space of the intention， this will facilitate developing advertising Keyword：Understand， analyze， explore， appraise， intention