英语大学论文范文大全高中篇第二版

可以从主观和客观两个方面去说，客观上老师教学方式的不同，学习氛围学习的目标不同；主观上自身学习动力学习方式的不同比较；同时结合当代对于高中与大学的两种不同期望情况，阐述一下出现学习不同的原因；不知道能不能帮到你~~~

2010年高考英语作文万能模板一、英语书信的常见写作模板开头部分：How nice to hear from you Let me tell you something about the I’m glad to have received your letter of A I’m pleased to hear that you’re coming to China for a I’m writing to thank you for your help during my stay in A结尾部分：With best I’m looking forward to your I’d appreciate it if you could reply 二、口头通知常见写作模板呼语及开场白部分：Ladies and gentlemen， May I have your attention， please? I have an announcement to 正文部分：All the teachers and students are required to attend Please take your notebooks and make Please listen carefully and we’ll have a discussion in Please come on time and don’t be 结束语部分：Please come and join in Everybody is welcome to attend I hope you’ll have a nice time That’s Thank 三、议论文模板正反观点式议论文模板导入：第1段：Recently we’ve had a discussion about whether we （导入话题）Our opinions are divided on this （观点有分歧）正文：第2段：Most of the students are in favour of （正方观点）Here are the F S F(列出2~3个赞成的理由)第3段：However， the others are strongly against （反方观点）Their reasons are as In the first What’s In (列出2~3个反对的理由)结论：第4段：Personally speaking， the advantages overweigh the disadvantages， for it will do us more harm than good， so I support （个人观点）オ“A或者B”类议论文模板：导入：第1段： Some people hold the opinion that A is superior to B in many Others， however， argue that B is much Personally， I would prefer A because I think A has more 正文：第2段：There are many reasons why I prefer A The main reason is that Another reason is (赞同A的原因)第3段: Of course， B also has advantages to some (列出1~2个B的优势)结论：第4段: But if all these factors are considered， A is much better than B From what has been discussed above， we may finally draw the conclusion that (得出结论) オ观点论述类议论文模板：导入：第1段：提出一种现象或某个决定作为议论的话题As a student， I am strongly in favour of the （亮明自己的观点是赞成还是反对）The reasons for this may be listed as （过渡句，承上启下）正文：第2段：First of S B(列出2~3个赞成或反对的理由)结论：第3段：In conclusion， I believe （照应第1段，构成"总—分—总"结构）"How to"类议论文模板：导入：第1段：提出一种现象或某种困难作为议论的话题正文：第2段： Many ways can help to solve this serious problem， but the following may be most First of Another way to solve the problem is F(列出2~3个解决此类问题的办法)结论：第3段：These are not the best but the only two/ three measures we can But it should be noted that we should take action (强调解决此类问题的根本方法)四、图表作文写作模板The chart gives us an overall picture of the 图表主题 The first thing we notice is that 图表最大特点 This means that as (进一步说明)We can see from the statistics given that 图表细节一 After 动词-ing细节一中的第一个变化， the动词-ed+幅度+时间(紧跟着的变化) The figures also tell us that图表细节二 In the column， we can see that accounts for (进一步描述)Judging from these figures， we can draw the conclusion that (结论) The reason for this， as far as I am concerned is that (给出原因) / It is high time that we (发出倡议)五、图画类写作模板：2010年高考英语作文万能模板开头Look at this /The picture shows /From this picture， we can /As is shown in the /As is seen in the 衔接句As we all know， /As is known to all，/It is well known /In my opinion，/As far as I am concerned，/This sight reminds me of something in my daily 结尾句In /In /On the /In /In a /Generally /As has been

社会保障研究论文范文大全高中英语第二版

浅议城市农民工的社会保障问题　　内容提要: 本文从目前城市农民工社会保障的现状的入手，分析了形成城市农民工社会保障现状的原因所在，主要和我国当前的户籍制度、法规缺位以及思维惯性密切相关，并由此提出了解决城市农民工社会保障的近期和长远两方面的对策。　　关键词：农民工社会保障原因及对策　　由于我国社会和经济体制固有的“二元结构”，使得我国在社会保障体系的建立上，也实行了城乡有别的格局。当前，城镇化水平的提高使建立健全城乡衔接的社会保障制度更为迫切，就业形式多样化使更多的非公有制经济从业人员和灵活就业人员进入城镇，这就是所谓的城市农民工。这部分人员的社会保障问题如何解决就成为一个较为突出的问题。　　一、目前城市农民工社会保障的现状　　一社会保障的覆盖面过窄。在现有的户籍制度下，民工进城后没有正式身份，在婚嫁、幼托、教育、住房、社会保障等方面面临着一系列困难，而办理失业保险、医疗保险等都要求有本地户口。另外，在日常谋生过程中，还有名目繁多的暂住费、管理费等各种费用，增加了农民工的务工成本。几乎没有任何用工单位像对待城市工人那样，为民工办理基本的社会保险。在陕西的一份调查中显示，265位被调查者当中，只有21人参加了劳动或医疗保险，而其中劳务单位代为缴纳保险费的仅有1人这使民工在遭遇疾病等天灾人祸时只能束手无策。　　二农民工从事的职业危险度大。很多城市人所从事的工作，农民工不是不能干，而是因为他们没有户口而不允许干，大量农民工只能从事收入低、工作环境差、福利低劣的工作。民工主要集中在城市的非传统就业部门，即城市人不愿干的脏、累、险、差及一些社会排序低、收入低的职业，有的学者概括为“3D”（险、脏、难的英文第一个字母）职业岗位，农民工每天工作的时间较长，月平均收入也较低。　　三城市农民工经常面临失业的窘境。 76％的农民工在城市中都有没活儿干的经历，从“失业”时间上看，失业在3个月以下的居多，占89％。当然，一部分民工的失业情况还非常严重，在有失业经历的民工中，失业4个月以上的占13％就业过程突然中断对于农民工的打击比下岗对于城市职工的打击更为沉重。因为下岗职工还有稳定的住所，有一定数量的生活保障金，有家庭的直接支持，而农民工几乎一无所有。农民工可能会因为突然失业而出现全面生活危机。　　四拖欠农民工工资的情况经常发生。由于没有建立起统一、开放、竞争、有序的劳动力市场，在这种情况下，相当数量的私营、民营、“三资”等企业没有依照法律法规规范用工行为。同时，这些企业主法律意识普遍淡薄，少数经营者唯利是图，有意克扣、拖欠工资。近几年来，各地农民工因工资被拖欠而上访、投诉的现象呈逐年上升趋势。　　二、形成城市农民工社会保障现状的原因　　首先，从就业保障方面看，保障制度执行不力。《劳动法》规定，用人单位必须依法与劳动者签订劳动合同。但实际上，许多用人单位根本不与外来的民工签订劳动合同，造成一旦发生纠纷难以调查取证的后果。另外，大多数的城市民工由于就业受到限制，没有平等的就业权，很难伸张基本的权益要求，劳动力市场上巨大的供过于求的压力迫使他们明显地处于极为不利的境地，不敢对自己的工资、劳保等权益提出意见，而不得不接受极低的劳动力价格的现实，和诸多的“不平等条约”。城市有关劳动监察、城管、公安、工商等一些行政执法人员对农民工存在歧视，时常出现执法不公、执法不严或面对民工权益损害时的行政不作为，使民工的合法权益得不到保护。　　其次，缺乏相关的法律法规进行有效的规范。现行的社会保险法规政策中，至今没有一部综合的关于民工社会保障的全国性专门法律、法规或规章，全国性立法中对民工社会保险的规定也很少且很笼统。如1991年的（全民所有制企业招用农民合同制工人的规定）对民工社会保险作了较为具体却不完整的规定；1999年，国务院发布施行了（社会保障费征缴暂行条例），首次将非公有企业职工和外来劳动力纳入养老保险统筹。《劳动法》颁布后的一系列全国性劳动立法中，在适用范围上大多未对职工作明确列举，缺乏可操作性。而各地关于民工社会保险的地方性法规也差别很大。2000年，广东省出台了《广东省社会养老保险实施细则》、《广东省社会工伤保险条例实施细则》，明确提出了民工应参加社会养老和工伤保险的问题；2001年，北京市颁布了《农民工养老保险暂行办法》，要求用人单位必须与民工签订用工合同，并为其办理养老保险手续；2002年，南京市出台了《失业保险办法》，也对民工的养老保险作了明确的规定；同年9月，上海市推出了《外来从业人员综合保险暂行办法》，规定凡符合条件的单位和个人，必须办理综合保险；2003年，成都市下发了《成都市非城镇从业人员综合社会保险暂行办法》。这是各省市迄今为止已出台的所有相关条例和办法中针对民工内容最全面的社会保障条例。其中，明确规定民工可以享受老年补贴、住院医疗费报销、工伤补偿或意外补偿等几项综合社会保险。然而，有的地方则还没有出台相关地方性法规。在各地制定的法规中，有不少规定的险种不完整。由于这些法规和规章效力的层次较低，也很难保障民工的权益。　　第三，思想观念上的惯性思维作祟是民工社会保障缺位的深层次原因。长期以来，在工业化过程中形成的以牺牲农民利益为代价、歧视农民的政策在民工社会保险权益保护上存在惯性作用，使得城市社会考虑得较多的是城市居民利益的获得与保护，出于对既得利益的维护，城市管理者还没有切实地考虑和解决这些“新来者”的权益问题，并且还会对这些“新来者”采取一些限制和排斥措施。在这种情况下，城市民工各方面的基本权益自然就难以落到实处。城市社会由二元社会结构所形成的就业、医疗、教育、劳动保护、社会保障等制度也不可能立即得到改变。虽然政府管理部门也作出了相关反应，进行过一定的改革，但这些有限的改革与国家工业化对城市化的要求来讲仍然十分不够。以户口身份为准入条件的就业、就学、人事、保险、福利、医疗等相关制度仍将民工拒之门外。　　三、改进城市农民工社会保障问现状的对策　　当前，理论界关于建立城市农民工社会保障体系大致有三种意见，一是把农民工纳入到城镇社会保障体系；二是建立新的农民工社会保障体系，就是说既不同于城镇社会保障体系，也不同于农村社会保障体系，是一种另起炉灶的做法；三是把农民工纳入农村社会保障体系对于这三种办法中，笔者不同意第二种做法，这样会形成一个新的“三元结构”问题，把问题复杂化。而第一种和第三种做法，似乎是在固化目前的“二元结构”的基础上提出的办法，这与党的十六届三中全会通过的《中共中央关于完善社会主义市场经济体制若干问题的决定》中关于逐步改变城乡二元经济结构的体制，统筹城乡经济社会发展，繁荣农村经济的战略目标不符，也不是解决问题最终的办法。笔者认为，就好像我国城乡“二元结构”不是一朝一夕形成的一样，关于农民工社会保障体系的建立也不是马上就能建立起来的。所以，目前当务之急是解决城市农民工的切身利益不受侵害，要有步骤，分阶段的解决当前能够解决的问题，循序渐进的完成这一关系到亿万农民工切身利益的制度建立工作。具体设想是：　　就近期工作而言，应该有以下几个方面：　　⒈建立健全城市民工登记制度。目前，农民工进入城市务工，需要办理城市暂住证，应该把暂住证登记与社会保障登记联系起来一并完成，这样可以把基础工作做实，对于各地务工的农民工人员情况做到心中有数。　　⒉对城市农民工实行分类管理。这一工作的意义在于可以首先把流动性相当较小的、已经长期留住城市的农民工和经常处于流动状态的农民工进行划分。对于在长期在城市工作，并且已经在城市已经有固定住所的农民工，可以在达到规定的年限之后，给予其享受城市居民权益的资格，包括转为城市户口，纳入当地的社会保障体系；对于流动性较大而且今后不一定在城市安家生活的农民工先不予考虑。这项工作比较细致，并且有一定难度，但这应该是目前解决农民工社会保障问题的一项重要的基础工作，应该抓紧做好。　　⒊建立农民工的工资保障制度。农民工进城的首要目的是要增加收入，这比给他们提供社会保障来的更加直接和实在。现在的问题是农民工应该得到的劳动报酬却无法得到，再让他们参加社会保障、缴纳各种社会保险费就显得勉为其难了。如果要在当前的形势下保障农民工的切身利益，那么保障农民工能够如期得到他们应得的工资是最现实的。因此，必须坚决贯彻、严格执行《劳动法》，对恶意拖欠农民工工资的单位和个人要下大力气整治。　　从长期目标看，应该从以下几方面做工作：　　⒈抓紧制定有关民工社会保障方面的法律和法规。可考虑制定综合性的面向全体公民的《社会保险法》或针对民工的综合或单项社会保障的法律与法规。目前区域性的有关农民工社会保障的规章制度已经陆续出台，而农民工流动是一个全国性的现象。所以要把相关的法律法规提高到全局的角度，提高立法的级次和权威性。　　⒉改革现行的户籍制度，建立城乡统一的户口登记制度，取消针对民工制定的限制性就业政策。建立城乡统一的劳动力市场，完善流动人口管理制度。笔者认为，户籍制度的“二元结构”是目前妨碍城乡统一的制度性障碍，必须从源头解决。　　⒊最终的解决办法还是要建立城乡一体的社会保障体系，这是解决农村和城镇社会保障差别的根本途径。如果做到了社会保障体系的统一，所谓农民工的社会保障问题就不在是问题了。　　参考文献：　　⒈翟从海：《我国民工社会保障现状与立法建议》【J】，《社会保障制度》，2004年第6期。　　⒉杨立雄：《建立农民工社会保障制度的可行性研究》【J】，《社会》，2003年第9期。　　⒊周倩：《城市农民工社会保障制度探析》【J】，《律师世界》，2003年第5期。　　⒋刘承英：《“三农”危机和我国面临的第三次农村大变革》【J】，《经济界》，2002年第5期。　　⒌《中国的社会保障状况和政策》白皮书

国内农村社会保障政策研究现状目前，城市居民大部分都已纳入了社会保障体系。然而在农村经济不发达的地区，农民还没有得到最基本的社会保障，目前农村社会保障仍是中国社会保障建设中最薄弱的环节。为了适应深化社会保障体制改革的基本要求，实现国家多次提出的健全中国社会保障体系的宏伟目标，近年来对农村社会保障体系的建立、发展和改革等问题进行了大量深入的调查研究。并从宏观的角度，就农村社会保障体系建立的必要性、存在的问题、实践中的区域差异、今后发展方向、对策和建议等方面进行了广泛的讨论和研究，其中既有共识也存在争议。现就几个主要问题综述如下：1．建立全国范围内统一的农村社会保障体系的现实可行性争论近年来，学术界和政府实际工作部门对这一问题的探讨存在着一些不同看法。其主流观点认为，依据农村经济发展状况，中国现阶段尚无能力建立全国范围内统一的农村社会保障体系。杨翠迎、张晖等人对中国农民社会养老保险的经济可行性进行分析后认为：目前建立全国范围的农村社会养老保险是不可行的，只有东部和中部一些省份才具备开展这项工作的条件。另一种观点则认为：建立中国范围内统一的农村社会保障体系是可行的。但要与当地经济发展水平相适应，分步骤、分阶段、“渐进式”发展。任保平认为：应从实际出发，走“渐进式”发展的路子，坚持社会保障范围由小到大，项目由低到高，积极稳妥地建立起低水平、全方位、不遗漏、多层次的农村社会保障体系。2．经济因素对构建农村社会保障体系的影响占主流地位的观点认为：经济发展水平是制约农村社会保障发展的重要因素，因此制定农村社会保障体系的实施目标必须以经济发展水平为重要依据，社会保障水平必须与经济发展相适应。在建立全国统一的或城乡一体化的社会保障体系目标可行性的讨论中，不少观点多是强调经济因素的影响作用。另一种观点认为，不能片面夸大经济因素对构建农村社会保障体系的影响。经济因素并非是建立城乡一体化社会保障体系的唯一充分条件，政府在社会保障中的主体地位和作用是搞好农村社会保障体制建设的重要保障。3．土地社会保障功能在构建农村社会保障体系中的地位和作用关于这一问题的讨论，学术界也存在着明显分歧。主流地位的观点：强调土地保障功能在农村以及全社会稳定中的重要性，认为必须“以土地承包权为主要依据”建立农村社会保障制度。孟祥林指出：这里所指的“土地承包权”是：创新土地流转制度、更新与变革土地保障形式意义上的“土地承包权”。可以把土地保障分为两种形式：一是直接的传统意义上的保障，土地由各家各户农民耕种，用所生产的产品来满足农民的基本生活需要；二是间接的与使用权流转相联系的保障，即在坚持农户对土地承包权不变的前提下，土地集中耕种和规模经营，农民依据自己的土地承包权得到用以保障基本生活的相应收益。4．构建我国农村社会保障体系的对策和建议在构建农村社会保障体系过程中，应注重转变政府和学术界在农村社会保障体系建设中的“重城镇轻农村”的观念。一是各级党政部门在思想上要高度重视农村社会保障体系的建设，积极推进农村城镇化进程，力争早日建成我国完整的社会保障体系。二是进一步加强农村社会保障理论研究，以指导中国农村社会保障体制改革的实践。三是搞好农村社会保障的普及教育和宣传，增强农民的社保意识，调动农民参与社会保障的积极性。四是发展农村经济、增加农民收入、增强集体补贴能力和个人缴费能力，为农村社会保障提供强大的经济基础。五是建立和健全农村社会保障机构，实现农村社会保障制度科学化、社会化、法制化，加强社会保障法制建设。充分发挥政府的主导作用，加快农村社会保障的社会化进程，分步骤、分阶段在全国范围内的农村逐步建立起能够替代家庭和土地社会保障模式的低水平、广覆盖、多层次、不分地区、不分年龄、性别和不分职业的全体农村公民均能享受的社会保障制度，是构建我国农村社会保障体系的最终目标和发展趋势，进一步树立完善我国社会保障体系势在必行的理念。现代社会保障制度作为人类文明进步的产物和工业化发展的结果，在维护社会稳定和促进经济发展方面发挥着不可或缺的作用，然而，由于理论支撑、不同的发展阶段、不同社会制度及经济发展模式、水平等因素的差异性和一国发展需要，不同国家的社会保障制度也会存在差别。不过，我们可以从发达国家的社会保障制度模式中借鉴合理成分从而完善我国的社会保障制度。国外以美国为例一、美国社会保障制度形成的背景分析凯恩斯主义主张国家全面干预和调节经济生活，否定了“供给自动创造需求”的萨伊定律，认为资本主义存在生产过剩经济危机和失业问题，其原因在于有效需求不足。所谓有效需求是指市场上有支付能力或有购买力的需求，并且是社会总需求。总需求包括消费需求和投资需求，由于边际消费倾向递减规律、资本边际效率递减规律和流动性偏好规律导致有效需求经常低于社会总供给，造成就业小于充分就业水平。针对有效需求不足造成的失业问题，凯恩斯提出实行扩张性财政政策，用举债方法扩大政府支出，承担公共事业投资，承担社会福利责任，对生活在贫困线以下的人实行社会救济，对私人企业进行订货和贷款。凯恩斯还主张实施补偿性财政政策，根据经济情况变化，有意识地扩大或紧缩政府支出，使财政起到反危机的作用。凯恩斯主张实施扩张性货币政策，由政府增发货币，刺激投资。凯恩斯主义从维系再生产的角度出发，主张通过财政政策大幅提高社会福利水平，属于有限再分配，以此理论建立的社会保障制度属于有限责任的社会保障，强调个人责任，政府负担较轻，政府对社会保障制度的干预也是有限的，以实现充分就业为目的。在凯恩斯理论基础上建立的美国社会保障制度被称为保障型社会保障制度，在该制度模式中，政府、企业和个人都是责任主体，在不同的保障项目中扮演不同的角色，如在社会保险中，企业和个人是主要缴税人或缴费人，政府充当最后责任人；在社会救济、社会福利中，政府是最主要的责任人。二、美国社会保障制度的效应分析社会保障制度作为社会经济制度，属于上层建筑，是由经济基础——社会生产力水平所决定的，一般来说，经济发展水平高，则社会保障的项目更齐全、覆盖面更广、保障标准更高，这也是发达国家社会保障水平普遍高于发展中国家社会保障水平的根本原因。美国社会保障立法虽然较晚，但随着经济发展水平的提高而超常规发展，其立法种类、保障范围与水平均达到美国经济发展和资本增值所提出的基本要求。社会保障制度对美国社会经济发挥了以下积极作用：一是维护社会经济持续稳定发展和促进社会生产率稳定提高，在一定程度上调节了美国经济的运行状况，如通过强制性保险和补助性救济及工作性培训使劳动力得到保护并适应经济结构调整的变化，又如为经济发展积累资金；二是促进资源优化配置，如降低贫穷人口的比重，在一定时期内补偿失业者，照顾弱势群体，通过收入累进税和社会福利开支调节经济周期，通过加强教育培训提高劳动力素质以促进资源配置等。此外，美国的公共年金计划是发达国家中运行最有效的，与其他经济合作与发展组织成员国相比，其特点是低税率、低保障水平，一个重要原因是退休金的工资替代率低，从而为企业年金的发展留下很大的空间，促进了基金业乃至整个金融业的发展，成为社会保障促进经济增长的一个典范。三、健全我国社会保障制度的思考美国的社会保障制度是建立在一定的经济背景和理论基础之上的，也是和该国经济发展水平相适应的，从总体上看美国的社会保障制度对其国家的发展发挥了重要的作用，美国多年发展的经验和教训，对于我们适应社会主义市场经济背景下，建立健全有中国特色的社会保障体系具有重要的借鉴意义。（一）明确指导思想首先，应以马克思关于社会总产品分配的学说为理论依据，马克思在《哥达纲领批判》中提出“六个必要扣除”，其中扣除的“用来应付不幸事故、自然灾害等的后备基金或保险基金”和“为丧失劳动能力的人等设立基金，总之，现在所谓官办济贫事业的部分”就是建立社会保障基金的来源。其次，应以毛泽东、邓小平和江泽民等领导同志的社会保障思想为指导。毛泽东在《论十大关系》中指出，要正确处理“国家、生产单位和生产者个人的关系”，必须兼顾国家、集体、个人三方面的利益，“拿工人来讲，工人的劳动生产率提高了，他们的劳动条件和集体福利就需要逐步有所改进”。邓小平指出社会主义的本质是“消除两极分化，最终达到共同富裕”。江泽民“三个代表”重要思想指出，中国共产党要始终代表最广大人民群众的根本利益。上述重要论述都是我国建设社会保障制度的指导思想。（二）扩大社会保障范围，提高社会保障水平社会保障制度作为上层建筑，是以一定的社会生产力水平为基础的，社会保障水平要与我国经济发展水平相适应。总结美国的经验教训，我们发现，当社会保障水平限制在经济发展可以承受的范围之内时，社会保障制度促进了经济的发展，两者是良性互动的，而当社会保障支出的增长超过经济增长时，社会保障就会引发财务危机，损害了经济的发展。社会主义初级阶段较低的生产力水平决定了我国社会保障只能实行“广覆盖，低水平”，并随着经济发展水平的提高而相应提高，但是有一个逐渐推进的过程。当前，我国应当继续完善企业职工基本养老保险制度，推进做实个人账户扩大试点工作。健全城镇职工基本医疗保险和失业、工伤、生育保险制度，健全城市居民最低生活保障制度。加快建立适合农民工特点的社会保障制度，特别是全国范围建立农村最低生活保障制度，重点推进农民工工伤保险和大病医疗保障工作。（三）完善社会保障负担模式由于我国是社会市场经济国家，国家和市场在整个国民经济发展都具有重要的作用，因此我国的社会保障形式，既不采取完全市场形式，也不采取国家包揽形式，而是将效率与公平、自由市场与国家干预结合起来，在经济增长与社会发展之间求得平衡，在社会保障领域，主张国家负责与个人负责并重，走国家和市场共同负担的社会保障模式，由国家、非政府机构和个人共同参与提供保障，国家提供非普遍的社会服务，帮助最需要帮助的社会成员，提倡发展私人的和志愿的福利事业作为补充，引进竞争机制和消费者选择福利服务的自由。在这里我们强调要正确处理社会保障制度中政府与市场的关系，充分发挥市场机制的作用。从社会保障制度的社会稳定功能角度出发，为保护社会弱势群体，国家或政府应承担制度的设计、执行和调整等职责，还要负责筹措资金和承担最后资金责任；从社会保障制度的经济发展功能这个角度出发，它是国家管理经济的一种宏观调控工具，它的运行应建立在市场这个基础之上，以成本效益分析作为服务是由国家提供还是由市场提供的衡量工具，这一点也为20世纪70年代以来社会保障私有化改革取得的成效所证明。（四）充分发挥社会保障的功能充分发挥社会保障的社会稳定和经济发展的双重功能。社会保障制度保护了社会弱势群体，具有社会稳定功能，还可充当需求管理工具，以及通过社会保障基金的有效管理推动资本形成和经济增长，发挥经济发展功能。因此，改革我国社会保障制度也须充分发挥上述两重功能。以我国正在改革和完善的养老保险制度为例，社会统筹账户和个人账户分开管理、做实个人账户，一方面可以为迎接人口老龄化做好充分的准备，消除后顾之忧，稳定人心，另一方面，还要创造条件让养老基金投资于资本市场，既实现保值增值，又促进经济繁荣。在社会保障体系方面，在社会保险制度上尝试建立基本保险、强制性企业保险和个人储蓄性保险相结合的多支柱体系。参考文献：[1]徐丙奎．西方社会保障三大理论流派述评[J]．理论参考，2007，（4）．[2]邓大松．美国社会保障制度研究[M]．武汉：武汉大学出版社，2005．楼主您不知道看看内容自己总结一下么。。。别人又不知道你的l论文要写什么。。。。扩展阅读：【保险】怎么买，哪个好，手把手教你避开保险的这些"坑"

旅游研究方法论文范文大全高中英语第二版

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了解文化差异，提高跨文化交际能力东莞市石龙第三中学李秀文【摘要】在跨文化交际中，由于中西方社交礼仪上存在差异，中西方人士在社会交往活动中常常发生误会和冲突，其根本原因则是文化环境的差异形成的认知差异。本文主要分析了中西方人士在问候语、饮食、时空、价值观和道德标准等方面的差异，从而避免文化冲突，以提高跨文化交际能力。【关键词】文化差异、跨文化交际能力一、引言随着中国申办2008年奥运会的成功和加入世贸组织，英语尤其是英语口语在当今社会有着越来越重要的作用。如何更好的进行跨文化交际已经成为目前首要解决的问题。“跨文化交际”的英语名称是“cross-cultural communication”。它指本族语者与非本族语者之间的交际，也指任何在语言和文化背景方面有差异的人们之间的交际。由于不同的民族所处的生态、物质、社会及宗教等环境不同，因而各自的语言环境产生了不同的语言习惯、社会文化、风土人情等语境因素。不同文化背景造成人们说话方式或习惯不同。在交流中，人们总喜欢用自己的说话方式来解释对方的话语，这就可能对对方的话语做出不准确的推论，从而产生冲突和矛盾。因此，更重要的是要注重文化差异的教学。了解中西方文化差异对于提高跨文化交际能力有着极其重要的意义，它能帮助我们正确理解西方人的言行，在交际过程中，充分了解对方，尊重对方的习俗，以取得最佳的交际效果。二、中西跨文化交际中经常出现的文化差异在中西跨文化交际中会出现的文化差异有很多种，在这里我们不可能一一叙述，只能列出比较常见的几种。问候语的差异朋友们间通常会互致问候来促进人际关系，英语常常用的问候语“Hi/Hello!”(你好！)How are you? (你好吗？)Good morning!(早上好！)Good evening(晚上好！) 以上的问候语在中国人之间却很少用，我们中国人在打招呼时常用的是：“你吃过饭了吗？”这是中国人问候的常见方式。其实并非真想知道对方是否吃过了饭。然而在英语中，这种问候语就不是在打招呼了，而表示邀请对方一块进餐的意思。汉语中另一个常见的问候语是“你到哪儿去？”或是“你干什么去？”，我们可以随便给个回答，并非真是想了解问候人到哪儿去或做什么事去。如这样去问西方人，他们往往会不高兴的，会认为这样的问题干涉了他们的私事。所以，不了解中西方文化差异，是不可避免地产生许多误会。认真学习和正确运用英语问候的差异是尤其重要的。2赞扬与祝贺的差异当英美国家的人向我们中国人表示赞扬或祝贺时，我们即使心里高兴，嘴上难免要谦虚一番。这大概是我们中国人认为"谦虚"是一种美德的缘故，认为不这样，就是对别人的不敬。例如：一位外国旅游者对导游小姐说："Your English is quite （你英语说得很流利）。"这位导游小姐谦虚地回答："No， My English is very （不，不，我的英语讲得不好）。对于中国人的谦虚回答，英美人会误解为对方对自己的判断力表示怀疑。又如：在一次舞会上，一位美国人赞扬一位中国女士说："You look beautiful today （你今天很漂亮）。"这位中国女士谦虚地说："Where（哪里）、Where（哪里）。" 幸亏这位美国人懂一点汉语习惯，非常巧妙地说了一句："Every-where （到处）" 根据英美人的习惯，当他们赞扬别人时，总希望别人以道谢或爽快接受的方式作答，而不希望以谦虚、客气的方式作答。对于上面两位的赞扬，恭维话，英美人的回答是："Thank you! ""Thank you for saying "3时空方面的差异西方人的时间观和金钱观是联系在一起的，时间就是金钱的观念根深蒂固，所以它们非常珍惜时间，在生活中往往对时间都做了精心的安排和计划，并养成了按时赴约的好习惯。在西方，要拜访某人，必须事先通知或约定，并说明拜访的目的、时间和地点，经商定后方可进行。而中国人则属于多向时间习惯的国家，在时间的使用上具有很大的随意性，一般不会像那样严格的按照计划进行，西方人对此往往感到不适应。中国的上班时间时间为上午8：00—12：00，下午2：00—6：00；而美国则是9：00—12：00；下午1：00—4：00，中国人中午有午休的习惯，因此中午是时间稍长一些，所以，如果我们在中午一点钟接到电话，也许会推断那准是件紧急的事。可是对于西方人来讲一般不会出现这种推断。空间方面，美国人类雪茄E T Hall认为，在相互交际时，人们对空间领域有一定要求。“体距语”是交际者用空间距离传递的信息。根据人际间亲昵和疏远程度，在交际距离上有不同的要求。大致可以分为：亲昵距离：0到105英尺；个人距离：5到4英尺；社会距离：4到12英尺；公共距离：12到25英尺；远距离：25英尺以上。在外国，亲昵距离除适合于父母、子女、夫妻之间外，同性朋友交往时也很少保持这样的距离，不然，会使双方感到非常不安。但在中国文化中，尤其在通常青年朋友交往时，常常会出现亲昵距离――手拖手得散步，相互搂抱以表示亲热等。4餐饮习俗方面的冲突中华民族素有热情好客的优良传统。在交际场合和酒席上，热情的中国人常常互相敬烟敬酒。中国人宴客，即使美味佳肴摆满一桌，主人也总习惯讲几句“多多包涵”等客套话。主人有时会用筷子往客人的碗里夹菜，用各种办法劝客人多吃菜、多喝酒。而在西方国家，人们讲求尊重个人权益和个人隐私，所以他们不会做强人所难的事。吃饭的时候，绝不会硬往你碗里夹菜，自己想吃什么就吃什么，他们也不会用各种办法劝客人喝酒，不会非要你喝醉了为止。5社会语言的差异Peter grudgill在《社会语言学》一书中指出：“一个社会所用语言中的词汇体现出该文化与其他文化的主要差别”。A、一个常见的英语与汉语之间内涵和词汇之间差别的词是“亲爱的（dear）”，在英语中，dear这个词可用在许多场合下表示对某人的尊敬、羡慕、爱情或是作为称呼别人的一种习惯，不表示任何特殊的感情。而英语国家的人们在夫妻、情人或父母和孩子之间，如想表达非常亲密的关系时，他们常常用“亲爱的（darling）”来表示。中国人在感情表达方面趋于含蓄，所以很少用“亲爱的”来称呼别人。B、在中国，peasant(贫农)和laborer(劳工)含有正面的、积极的含义，但对西方国家来说，却有某种反面的、消积的意味。相反，landlord(地主)，landlady(房主)，boss(老板)对中国人来说有一定的贬义，而在西方国家却不是这样。6价值观与道德标准的差异A、个性自由与团结协作西方人十分珍视个人自由，喜欢随心所欲，独往独行，不愿受限制。中国文化则更多地强调集体主义，主张个人利益服从集体利益，主张同甘共苦，团结合作，步调一致B 自我中心与无私奉献西方人自我中心意识和独立意识很强，主要表现在：（1 ）自己为自己负责。在弱肉强食的社会，每个人生存方式及生存质量都取决于自己的能力，因此，每个人都必须自我奋斗，把个人利益放在第一位。（2）不习惯关心他人，帮助他人，不过问他人的事情。（3）正由于以上两点，主动帮助别人或接受别人帮助在西方常常是令人难堪的事。因为接受帮助只能证明自己无能，而主动帮助别人会被认为是干涉别人私事。中国人的行为准则是“我对他人，对社会是否有用”，个人的价值是在奉献中体现出来的。中国文化推崇一种高尚的情操——无私奉献。在中国，主动关心别人，给人以无微不至的体贴是一种美德，因此，中国人不论别人的大事小事，家事私事都愿主动关心，而这在西方会被视为“多管闲事”，甚至是侵犯别人的隐私。C、创新精神与中庸之道西方文化鼓励人民开拓创新，做一番前人未做过的、杰出超凡的事业。而传统的中国文化则要求人们不偏不倚，提倡踏踏实实的务实作风，走中庸之道，中国人善于预见未来的危险性，更愿意维护现状，保持和谐。7文化差异具有很强的地区差异性同样是西方国家，美国跟英国的文化差异之大是人们所熟悉的，美国是一个移民国家，（melting pot）具有丰富多彩的文化，融合进取是主流，而英国是夕日的帝国老大，崇尚高贵，保守守旧。因而形成很不同的生活风格。这就要求在跟不同国家的人交流和沟通时要注意其文化的差异，不能一刀切。三．英语教学中培养跨文化交际能力的措施从以上的分析可以看出，在我们与外国人的交往过程中，确实存在着很多文化方面的差异，直接影响到了跨文化交际的效果，为了改变这一状况，我们极有必要在实际教学中培养学生的跨文化交际能力，具体措施如下：1授课教师要转变观念在我国目前的教学体系中，外语教学多半只在课堂上进行，教师起着绝对的主导作用。如果教师只把重点放在语法和词汇教学上，学生就不可能学会语言的实际运用，也无法获得跨文化交际的能力。因此，授课的教师必须要转变自己的观念，切实认识到文化冲突的危害性和培养学生跨文化交际能力的重要性。同时，教师还要加强学习，提高自身的综合文化素质，只有这样，才能全面把握英语文化知识教育的量与度，以及教学的具体步骤和方法，以达到预期的教学目的。2改进现有的教学方法一直以来，英语教学侧重点都放在了语言知识的传授上，而忽略了跨文化交际能力的培养。为了改变这种情况，我们必须改进教学方法，在质和量两个方面对课堂教学中的文化教学加以控制，并充分利用现代化的教学手段(电影、投影仪、互联网等)来调动学生的学习积极性。此外还可以举行一些专题性的活动，以满足学生的求知欲望，培养出具有较高跨文化交际能力的人才。但是值得注意的是，在改进教学方法时，一定要使新的内容与学生所学的语言知识紧密联系，并与语言交际实践紧密结合。3重视非语言交际能力的培养非语言交际也是一种重要的交际方式，指的是在特定的情景或语境中使用非语言行为交流和理解信息的过程，它们不是真正的语言单位，但在生活和交际中有时候却能表达出比语言更强烈的含义，一些特定的非语言行为往往代表着特定的含义，在跨文化交际中必须加以重视。中西文化背景下的非语言文化内涵差异非常大。例如，中国人信奉“沉默是金”，认为沉默里含有丰富的信息，甚至“此时无声胜有声”，而英语国家的人对此颇感不舒服。西方人交谈时，听者一般都会长时间注视对方的眼神，以示听者的认真和对说话者的尊重，但是在中国人看来，这是一种不礼貌的行为，因为中国人不习惯于对方长时间地盯着自己看。4引导学生广泛接触西方文化材料，增加语言习得英语教学的课时非常有限，但学生在课余有充分的可支配时间，因此不能仅仅依靠教师在课堂上的教学来培养跨文化交际能力，教师要引导学生利用课外时间广泛阅读有关西方文化的趣味读物，增加文化素养，拓宽西方文化视野，提高跨文化交际能力。另外，还应充分发挥多媒体在西方文化传播中的作用，互联网上有很多文化教材，也可能让学生直接与外国人交流，听外教做报告或讲课，其言传身教会对学生起到一种潜移默化的作用。四、结束语大家都知道语言是文化的载体，是文化的结晶，是反映文化的一面镜子。希望老师们能做一个有心人，平时尽力摄取英美国家社会文化生活的最新信息，在提高自身跨文化交际意识的同时把这些信息融入自己的教学实践中，结合文化背景和任务型教学模式进行语言教学，让学生能进行成功的跨文化交际——了解文化，尊重他人，地道的交际。【参考文献】[1]任雪萍“中西方不同文化环境下礼仪的差异[J]”，《安徽电力职工大学学报》2003年第3期，121-[2]邓慧“论中西方文化对礼仪的影响[J]”，《沿海企业与科技》2005年第8，23-[3]孙爱珍“中西方礼仪文化的差异[J]”，《山西教育学院学报》2002年第2期，17-[4]许果、梅林“文化差异与跨文化交际能力的培养”，《重庆大学学报》(社科版)2002年第8卷第6期，121-123[5]顾江禾“东西方文化对比小议”，《太原重型机械学院学报》2001年第22卷第4期，279-282[6]吴锋针“中西习俗文化‘冲突’”，《绥化师专学报》2003年第1期，90-92[7]程晓莉“英语跨文化交际教学的思考”，《安徽农业大学学报》(社会科学版)2003年第5期，105-107

Protecting the Environment-保护环境 Environmental problems are becoming more and more serious all over the For example， cars have made the air unhealthy for people to breathe and poisonous gas is given off by Trees on the hills have been cut down and waste water is being poured continuously into Furthermore， wherever we go today， we can find rubbish carelessly Pollution is， in fact， threatening our The earth is our home and we have the duty to take care of it for ourselves and for our later Fortunately， more and more people have realized these Measures have been taken to cope with these problems by the Laws have been passed to stop I hope the problem will be solved in the near future and our home will become better and 全世界的环境问题变得越来越严重。例如汽车污染的空气影响了人们的呼吸，工厂释放污染的气体，山上的树木被砍伐，污水不断被排人河里。另外，无论我们走到哪里，到处可见随意丢弃的垃圾。事实上，污染正威胁我们的生存。地球是我们的家园，我们有责任为我们自己和我们的后代去照顾好它。庆幸的是，愈来愈多的人们已经意识到这些问题。政府已经采取了很多措施去解决这些问题，法律已被通过以制止污染。我希望这些问题在不远的将来能得到解决，我们的家园变得越来越好。 Environmental problems are becoming more and more serious all over the With the development of industry and agriculture， cars make GREat noises and give off poisonous Trees on the hills have been cut down，and waste water is being poured continuously into Furthermore，wherever we go today， we can find rubbish carelessly The whole ecological balance of the earth is Massive destruction of environment has brought about negative effects and even poses a great threat to man's We must face the situation that exists and take actions to solve our environmental For instance， new laws must be passed to place strict control over industrial pollution， the pub!ic must receive the education about the hazard of pollution and so We hope that all these measures will be effective and bring back a healthful 全世界的环境问题在变得越来越严重。随着工农业的发展，汽车制造噪音、排放毒气，山上的树木被砍伐，污水不断被排入河里。另外，无论我们走到哪里，到处可见随意丢弃的垃圾。整个地球生态平衡正在改变，环境的巨大破坏已带来负面影响，甚至对人类生存带来巨大威胁。我们必须面对现实，采取行动解决环境问题。例如必须通过新的法律严格控制工业污染问题，大众必须接受污染危害的教育等。我们希望这些措施的有效实施能带给我们一个健康的环境。我的理想 When I got settled， the total use of the microwave to do their own things to One day， my father saw me， I am afraid to say that I grew up as a I immediately shaken like a rattle-drum head， you said : "That is not my When I grow up I want to IT (information technology) "Yes， I bought a computer five years ago after his father， I am familiar with it day by Until last year， and I have formed a deep bond with From then on， I want success in the information technology industry to make contributions to the cause of national But my father said I could only do in the field "testing the game，" is what the new game， and always let me play with， the report there will be any I think what he said is not their fault， I always play games recently， those who do not have a veteran like F In recent days， I sprouted out of a bad idea : I will be playing the game that the network server to the My account will revise the highest However， I Xiangliaoyouxiang， this is wrong， but was caught by the police network is not When hackers but also need high computer As a member of the IT industry is my ideal， I would like to advance this goal， to improve their computer skills 当我闲得没事时，就总自己用微波炉做点东西吃。一天，爸爸看见我这样，说我长大恐怕是要当厨师了。我立刻把头摇得像拨浪鼓似的，说：“那不是我的理想，我长大想做IT（信息技术）行业。” 没错，自从五年前爸爸给我买来电脑后，我就一天天地熟悉它。到了去年，我已经和它结下了不解之缘。从那时候开始，我就想要在信息技术行业取得成就，为国家计算机事业做出贡献。可是爸爸说我在这个行业中只能做“游戏测试员”，就是什么游戏新出来，总是先让我玩玩，报告游戏中有什么错误。我觉得他说的没有错，我最近一段时间老是玩游戏，那些FLASH之类的老也不用了。最近几天，我萌生出了一个不好的想法：将我玩的那个网络游戏的服务器给黑了，将我的账号修改成最高级别。可是，我想了又想，这样做是不对的，而且被网络警察抓到也是不好的。而且当黑客也需要很高的电脑技术的。成为IT行业的一员是我的理想，所以我要向这个目标前进，提高自己的电脑技术如何对抗肥胖？How to Fight Against Obesity?作者:adreep 来源:互联网时间:2014-01-28With the improvement of living standards comes the problem of obesity， which has bothered people for many The number of obese people keeps rising as time And the diseases accompanied with obesity have already stood out， such as diabetes， heart diseases and so 随着生活水平的提高导致了肥胖的问题，这已经困扰人们很多年了。肥胖人数日益上升。肥胖伴随的疾病也已经明显，如糖尿病，心脏病等。Fortunately， more and more people begin to realize the consequences of obesity and hence take various methods to combat Some people lose weight by controlling their normal diet or even staying hungry for most of the Some adopt operations to get rid of the redundant body Others turn to intensive physical exercises for 幸运的是，越来越多的人开始认识到肥胖的后果，从而采取多种方法来应对它。一些人通过控制正常饮食或者大部分时间保持饥饿感来减肥。一些人通过手术减轻过多的脂肪。其他人求助于加强体育锻炼。As far as I am concerned， the best way to combat obesity is to form a healthy living habit and to That is to say， obese people should do exercises regularly on the premise that their basic diet is Besides， they should not do a half-hearted job during the period of losing In summary， only through a good habit and perseverance can obese people prevent themselves from continually getting 我认为对抗肥胖最好的方式是养成健康的生活习惯并保持下去。也就是说，肥胖的人在确保基本饮食的前提下应该有规律地做锻炼。此外，他们不应该半途而废。总之，只有通过良好的习惯和毅力才可以让肥胖的人不再发胖。如何高效学习英语？How to Learn English Effectively?作者:adreep 来源:互联网时间:2014-01-27There is no doubt that learning English is vital for On the one hand， English has become an international language that people can communicate with each other in many On the other hand， if we learn English well， we could get more chance of 毫无疑问，学习英语对于我们来说是至关重要的。一方面，英语已成为国际语言，，人们在很多国家都可以用之来交流。另一方面，如果我们学好英语，我们成功的几率就会更高。However， it is well-known that there are many methods for us to learn English There are some First， we can study in a group to improve learning Second， we could listen to English songs and watch English movies; this way is very suitable for student to improve their listening and speaking Third， I have believed that a great deal of practice can strengthen language 然而，众所周知学好英语有很多方法。这有一些小提示。首先，我们可以集体学习来提高学习效率。第二，我们可以听英文歌曲或者看英文电影；这种方式非常适合学生用来提高他们的听力和口语能力。第三，我认为，大量的练习可以加强语言知识。In a word， it is natural for us to learn English well by making If we didn't work hard， we would never do well in learning E总之，学好英语要付出努力是很自然的。如果我们不努力，我们永远都不会学好英语。高考英语改革带来的影响The Influence of Innovation of English in College Exam作者:adreep 来源:互联网时间:2014-01-26Recently， it has been announced that in a few years， the English Exam in college entrance exam will be cancelled or occupied not that important It is such big news for students， since we are student， we have to learn English everyday， so many students are fighting and struggling for E As for me， English has been part of my life， I keep studying it all the time， it has been my But for some students especially the boys， they are not into English， they want to spend more time on other subjects， this reform is good for It is fact that our education pays so much attention to English， Chinese has been ignored for a long time， some students are good at English and weak in Chinese， as a Chinese， it is so The reform makes us notice the foster of Chinese 最近，有消息宣布在不久英语考试在高考中的比重不在那么重或者取消。这对学生来说是很重大的消息，自从我们上学以来，每天都要学英语，很多学生为英语奋斗和挣扎。对于我来说，学习英语已经成为生活的一部分，我一直学英语，现在英语成为了我的专业。但是对一些学生特别是男孩来说，他们不喜欢英语，想要在别的科目多花点时间，改革对他们是好的。事实上，我们的教育一直对英语关注过多，语文长久以来被忽略，一些学生擅长英语，不擅长语文，作为一名中国人，这是很羞愧的。改革让我们再次主义语文的培养。交朋友的原则The Rules of Making Friends作者:adreep 来源:互联网时间:2014-01-24We all like to make friends， we live in a society that we need to communicate with Without a friend， one can never express his emotions， no one share his sorrow and Making friends balances one’s emotions， you can talk to friends any things， like secret， which you don’t want to share with our But here is the fact that not everyone is suitable to be friend， we need to obey the First， the guy must be Honesty is the base of the being friends， to be frank and then to be Second， there is something common in you The same interest always brings two hearts close， the more something in common， the better， thus he will be your best friends， you can share things with Making friends is a big deal， cause if you make the wrong one， you may get the negative thing from 我们都喜欢交朋友，我们生活在一个社会，需要彼此交流。没有朋友，一个人不能表达他的情绪，没人分享喜怒哀乐。交朋友能平衡感情，你可以和朋友谈任何事，比如你不会和父母分享的秘密。事实上，并不是所有的人都适合成为朋友，我们需要遵守原则。第一，那个人必须诚实。诚实是成为朋友的基础条件，闯开心扉然后变得亲近。第二，你们两个之间有共同点。共同的兴趣让两颗心靠近，越多共同点越好，因此他会成为你最好的朋友，你可以和他分享事情。交朋友是一件很大的事，因为如果交友不慎，你可能会感染他的一些恶习。青少年的道德观Teenager’s Opinion About Moral作者:adreep 来源:互联网时间:2014-01-20With the development of Internet， people can get to know the instant news and see what happens around the We hear about the bad news about teenager’s wrong behavior now and then， the biggest is about a teenager insulted a girl and got The whole world is watching the case， because the teenager is born in a rich Teenager has been criticized for their lack of moral consciousness， before the case， not a lot of people realize teenager’s moral Now， the society calls for the parents to take care about the moral Parents start to do self-examination， they know they focus too much on the work; they need to spend more time to be with their kids， teaching the children what is right and what is In order to foster the kids with moral idea， they tell them what they should do and what they should With these ideas， the teenagers will not against the 随着网络的发展，人们能够知道最新新闻，世界发生了什么事。我们时而不时地听到关于青少年不良行为的新闻，最轰动的是关于一个青少年凌辱一个女孩而受到逮捕。全世界都在关注这个案子，因为这个青少年出生在一个富裕的家庭。青少年被指责缺少道德意识，在这个案子之前，并不是很多人意识到青少年的道德问题。现在，社会呼唤家长关注青少年的道德教育。家长开始自我反省，他们知道自己太过于投入工作，需要花多点时间陪孩子，教育他们什么是对错。为了培养青少年的道德观，他们告诉孩子什么该做和什么该避免。有了这些教育，青少年就不会违法了。旅游日记Travelling Diary作者:adreep 来源:互联网时间:2014-01-09It was already late when we set out for the next town， fifteen miles away on the other side of the It got dark soon; we drove fast along the narrow winding road that led to the We couldn't identify any sign of the town marked on the Suddenly the car We had run out of Therefore， although we had little food with us， we decided to spend the night in the 在我们动身前往下一个镇的时候已经很晚了，那个镇在山的另一边离我们十五英里远。天黑得很快；我们沿着狭窄曲折的道路往山上的方向把车开得飞快。我们在地图上找不到去那个镇的任何标志。汽车突然停了下来。我们的汽油用完了。所以，虽然我们只有一点点食物，我们还是决定在车里过夜。Our meal finished very I went to sleep at But my companion Bill who was a poor sleeper went for a walk up the From the top of the hill he saw the lights of the town we were looking We unloaded all our luggage and pushed the car to the top of the hill at Then we went back to the luggage， loaded the car again and set off down the We reached the town less than a quarter， and found a hotel quite 我们的晚餐很快就吃完了。我马上去睡觉。但我的同伴比尔睡眠质量不太好所以他就到山上去散步。从山顶上他看到我们正在寻找的镇的灯光。我们马上卸下我们所有的行李，把车推到山顶。然后我们回去拿行李，把它装到车上之后就下山了。不到一刻钟我们就到达镇了，并且很快就找到一个酒店。How an exhausting day!多么疲惫的一天啊！我的偶像-艾薇儿•拉维尼My Idol --Avril Lavigne作者:adreep 来源:互联网时间:2014-01-07There are many stars received great achievements， such as Jay Chou， Jackie Chen， Quwanting and so However， the star who I like the best is Avril L She is my She was born in As we all know， she began to make music when she was seventeen years old and she was famous for the song--skater I was always listening to It’s so Now， however， I’m looking forward to hearing her new songs in august， Moreover， her songs help me to learn English as I think listening to the English songs is a great way to learn E Do you think so? I love you， rock My idol –vv有许多明星取得很大的成就，比如，周杰伦，成龙，曲婉婷等。然而，我最喜欢的明星是艾薇儿•拉维尼。她是我的偶像。她出世于1984年。我们都知道她在十七岁的时候就开始音乐创作，而她则以滑板男孩这首歌曲而闻名。我一直都在听。真的是太棒了。不过现在，我期待着在八月十日能听她的新歌。此外，她的歌还帮助我学好英语。我认为听英文歌曲是学习英语的一个好方法。你觉得呢？我爱你，摇滚明星。我的偶像–VV。 December 25 is Christmas Day， the day is originates in the western country， it is in honor of the birth of Jesus C In the Bible， it is record that Jesus saved people out of trouble， he is the son of god， he died of suffering for the purpose of saving Jesus is so great， everyone in the western country knows his Though Christmas Day belongs to foreign countries， now it has become a worldwide In China， we can find the day is more and more popular， people find the Christmas tree sold in the shop and there are parties to celebrate Christmas D On that day， families get together， having dinner， eating turkey and sharing This is a good chance for people to get reunion， this is the most important day for western people， just like Chinese New Y12月25号是圣诞节，这个节日源自西方国家，是为了纪念耶稣的生辰。在《圣经》里，据记载，耶稣拯救人们与困境，他是上帝的儿子，他为了救人们而受折磨而死。耶稣很伟大，西方国家的每个人都知道他的故事。虽然圣诞节属于西方国家，但是现在它已经成为了全球性的节日。在中国，我们可以看到这个日子越来越受欢迎，圣诞树在商店里售卖，有很多的派对来庆祝圣诞节。在那天，家人聚集在一起，吃晚饭和火鸡，分享喜悦。这是让人们聚集在一起的好机会，是西方人最重要的节日，就像中国的新年。我们应不应该与他人对比？Should We Compare Ourselves with Others?作者:adreep 来源:互联网时间:2013-12-13Now people in significant numbers are beginning to compare themselves with They harbor the idea that comparison can not only make them realize the differences between them and others， but also make them They retreat surpassing others as 现在很多人都拿自己和别人比较。他们怀着这样的想法，对比不仅能让他们意识到自己与他人之间的差异，也能使他们更加努力。他们把超越他人作为成功。Opinions vary from person to Some people take the attitude that comparing ourselves with others does have the passive effects to our On the one hand， if you compare yourself with the one who is weaker than you， you will be so satisfied with the current situation that you will lose the On the other hand， compared with the ones stronger than you， you can not find the 不同的人对此有不同的看法。有些人认为把自己与他人相比对我们的生活有消极影响。一方面，如果你把自己和比你弱的人相比，你会满足于现状，从而丢失了野心。另一方面，与那些比你强的人相比，就会失去信心。All in all， every coin has two So we should not compare us with others But， we can compare ourselves with ourselves Only in this way， can we find out our advantages and 总之，每个硬币都有两面。所以我们不应该盲目与他人对比。但是，我们可以与以前的自己相比。只有这样，我们才能发现自己的优点和弱点。

英语大学论文范文大全高中篇

Passage 1(09�6�1福建)某英语报社拟成立“微笑俱乐部”，现向癸未征募会员。要求申请者提交一篇题为“I want to Smile”的英语短文。请你以申请者的身份，根据以下思路图的提示用英语写一篇短文。注意：根据思路图适当展开，以使行文连贯；词数：120左右 I Want to Smile【参考范文】I Want to SmileThere are many advantages of It can not only make us happy， but also please If we smile at life， life will smile on us in So I want to smile at all whenever and wherever possible， First， I would like to smile at my parents because they have given me life and take all the trouble to bring me They arrange almost everything for With their help， I have made great I would like to say “Thank you” to them with a Then my smile should go to myself， for only in this way can I gain more confidence in smiling my troubles away and live a better In a word， let’s greet every day with a Tomorrow is another Passage 2(09�6�1江苏)鼠标是计算机时代最佳的人机交互工具之一。它极大地方便了人们的计算机操作。但是，过分依赖鼠标的习惯也会带来一些不利影响。请你以鼠标为切入点，根据下表所提示的信息，用英语写一篇短文。鼠标的必要性对多数人来说，操作计算机，上网冲浪……鼠标的便捷性点击、移动、插入、拷贝、删除…… 编辑文本，搜索信息…… 收发邮件，选购商品…… 点播音乐，下载电影……如果过分依赖鼠标…… （请考生结合自身感受，列举两到三点）注意：1．对所给要点逐一陈述，适当发挥，不要简单翻译。2．词数150左右。开头已经写好，不计人总词数。3．作文中不得提及考生所在学校和本人姓名。The mouse is a most effective device used by people to communicate with a computer．【参考范文】The mouse is a most effective device used by people to communicate with a computer．For most people， it’s almost impossible to operate a computer without a mouse， let alone surf the I A well-chosen mouse is really handy， flexible and convenient in controlling the With the functions of inserting， deleting， moving and copying， it enables us to edit test， browse web page and download what we It can even bring us a flood of music， movies and PC Just imagine， all this can be done with a cute A convenient tool can certainly make our work easier， but it doesn’t always help in a positive Too much ready information on our fingertips leaves little room for knowledge Too many ready answers make us less excited in finding Relying too much on mouse clicking makes us lazier and less creative both mentally and （153 words）Passage 3 (08�6�1湖南)请从下列人物中选择你最喜欢的一位，用英语写一篇120词左右的短文。要求根据所给信息作适当发挥，且需包括以下三部分内容：对该人物的简单介绍；喜欢该人物的理由；从该人物身上得到的启示。 Thomas Edison Helen Keller William Shakespeareinventor;creative;diligent;full of wisdom ordinary but great woman;disabled;optimistic;eager to learn writer;talented;imaginative;man of all ages“Genius is one percent inspiration and ninety-nine percent ” “if I had the power of sight for three ” “Life is a ”【参考范文】Sample 1:Thomas EdisonBorn in America， Thomas Edison was a great scientist and He was once thought to be a boy who was not worth In fact， he was a man full of I admire Edison a lot because of his great contribution to the He had more than 1，000 In his lifetime， he was always eager to know how things worked， which helped him to earn the nickname“the Wizard of Melo Park”He was also so diligent that he worked day and And this explained why he had so many great What impresses me most is his famous saying，“Genius is one percent inspiration and ninety-nine percent ”Probably I cannot be an Edison myself， but I can be a hard-working From him， I realize the secret to success is not when or where you were born， but what you are doing and how you do it in your Sample 2:Helen KellerEvery time I read“if I had the power of sight for three days”，I cannot help being moved by its author Helen Keller， an ordinary but great American I admire Helen because she is optimistic about She became deaf and blind when she was 19 months Since then she lived in a world of darkness and silence， and communication seemed only a dream for But she never gave up and struggled to lead an active Under the guidance of her teacher， M Sullivan， Helen learned to read and write and became a famous For a disabled person like her， this was really a wonder!Helen has set an excellent example to all of Her story tells us that we should value what we have， and try our best to overcome any difficulty in Sample 3:William ShakespeareDo you know Hamlet? Have you read The Merchant of Venice? These two great works are both written by William Shakespeare， my favorite English writer and the man of all ages!Shakespeare， a son from a poor family， a man of little education， wrote plays and poems that are read all over the I like him because his comedies and tragedies bring me into a fantastic world; I love him because his poems let me enjoy the beauty of the English language; I admire him because his keen sights set me thinking and teach me how to lead a meaningful life!Since“Life is a stage”，we are actually all actors and On this stage， everyone has his own role to play， and I will try my best to play my role Passage 3(06�6�1江苏)根报道，2008年北京奥运会将选拔约十万名志愿者为之服务。请你以“Dos and Don’ts for the 2008 Olympic Volunteers”为题，用英语写一篇短文，讨论志愿者应该做什么，不应该做什么。短文应包括下表中的内容：Dos Don’ts1．待人礼貌友好 1．避免不得体的言行2．坚守岗位 2．不忘履行自己的职责3．介绍中国历史和文化 3．不损害祖国的形象如果你成为志愿者，你还应该做什么，不应该做什么。（内容由考生自己拟定）注意：1．对所给要点，不要简单翻译，要有适当发挥。2．词数120左右。短文中已写好的部分，不计入词数。3．参考词汇：形象—image Dos and Don’ts for the 2008 Olympic VolunteersIt is reported that about 100，000 people will be chosen as volunteers for the 2008 Olympic Games in Beijing What should the volunteers do and what should they not do ? If I have the honour to be chosen as a volunteer，【参考范文】Dos and Don’ts for the 2008 Olympic VolunteersIt is reported that about 100，000 people will be chosen as volunteers for the 2008 Olympic Games in Beijing What should the volunteers do and what should they not do?Firstly， they should be polite and friendly to the athletes and visitors from all over the world ， and avoid improper Secondly， they should stick to their posts ， offering good services ， satisfying any reasonable needs and being ready to help those in difficulty ， and never fail to do their Thirdly， they should introduce the Chinese culture and history to foreigners so that they may know China better ， and never say or do anything that harms the image of our motherland If I have the honour to be chosen as a volunteer， besides the I will work hard and creatively， but never be lazy I will follow the law and discipline， but never break them I will take the opportunity to make friends with the athletes and visitors ， and help make the 2008 Olympic Games a great Passage 4(06�6�1湖北)受某英文报的委托，你最近对高中生的英语阅读兴趣做了一次调查。请根据以下信息，用英语为该报写一篇100左右的短文。短文的标题及首句已为你写好。调查内容：在新闻、故事、科普、学习方法四种英文文章中，学生最喜欢哪一种。调查范围：湖北省的10所中学调查对象：高中生调查人数：1000 调查方式：访谈调查结果：（见下图） Reading Interests of Senior Middle School Students Recent， society has been done to find out the reading interests of senior middle school students【参考范文】Reading Interests of Senior Middle School Students Recently a survey has been done to find out the reading interests of senior middle school In this survey， one thousand senior middle school students from ten schools in Hubei Province were They were asked which they liked reading most among the four categories of English articles: news， stories， popular science articles and articles about learning The survey shows that more than half of the students like to read news Twenty-six percent of the students say that English stories are their Only seven percent of the students are most interested in reading articles about learning However， the number of students who enjoy reading popular science articles doubles that of those who prefer reading articles about learning Passage 5(06�6�1四川)假设你是李华，你的新西兰笔友Nick将于八月来四川旅游，特来信询问有关旅游景点情况。请根据下表所提供的要点，写一封回信，并表示盼望他的到来。旅游资源许多世界著名的风景名胜，如九寨沟（海子：清澈见底；色彩斑斓）都江堰水利工程（2，000多年历史；仍在发挥作用）相关信息气候适宜；交通方便注意：词数100左右，信的格式及开头已为你写好（不计入总词数）。可根据内容要点适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。参考词汇：省份-province 海子-lake 都江堰水利工程-Dujiangyan Irrigation ProjectDear Nick， I’m glad to hear that you′re coming to Sichuan in A Yours sincerely， Li Hua【参考范文】I’m glad to hear that you’re coming to Sichuan in A You’ve made the wise choice to travel Sichuan Province is rich in tourist attractions and enjoys many world-famous places of interest， such as Jiuzhaigou and Dujiangyan Irrigation PJiuzhaigou is well known for its beautiful lakes， of which the water is clear and looks It can excite visitors’ Another attraction is Dujiangyan Irrigation P It was built over 2，000 years ago and is still playing an important part in irrigation Besides， the nice weather and convenient transportation here can make your trip more I’m sure you’ll have a good Ｉ’m looking forward to your Yours sincerely， Li Hua

How to improve your English in full detail (my experience) The Third EditionTo be good at English is not particularly easy but not terribly hard Before you start to learn sentences， or new words， the first and also the most important step is the "pronunciation" To pronounce perfectly you should buy a tape to assist you to learn and This is the fundamental step to learn English， ignore or pay no attention to this step; you will not learn proper English and you will find the later steps more and more If you are solid and accurate in pronunciation， you will find the later steps much easier and you will stand firmly on the right After mastering the pronunciation perfectly， it is the time to accumulate new words and useful Of course start from the simplest words like “hello， hi， you， me， he， him， his， her”， and expressions like “how are you， how old are you， how do you do”， It is essential to write the words on a piece of paper so that you remember them Actually everyone had done these at his/her primary *************Now let me tell you how I learnt English in C *******************Speaking:In China， you won't have enough chances to speak E What I did was in the morning I got up early and read aloud the texts in the The initial aim was to achieve the same speed as the tape， and then being able to read aloud the texts with the same style as the English announcer in the By doing this， it helps you to consolidate your pronunciation and Listening:Nowadays it is much easier to learn English in China because you can watch some TV channels in E The more channels in English the better because you can choose your preferred programmes and it helps you to learn English with interests of your own， hence ideal for listening and expression/words Writing:It is also very useful to write On writing diaries， it is not useful if you just write it without the care of grammar and When you finish you should always read your diaries again to check for errors and refine your sentences ( remove repetitive words， use better expressions， and sort out the structure of the sentences)Reading:It is also very important to read story books in English， starting from thin ones with not many new Read as many thin books as you possibly Little by Little you will want to read thicker books， and your reading ability will get even Putting four elements together:I have to emphasise that when you do all these reading， listening， writing and speaking; you should join them together as a whole， apply the new words you learn from watching TV， reading books to your writing and The enhancement of learning comes from getting hold of the possible opportunities to speak English (in China or abroad):In China， you should try to go to local English corner to practise your oral E If you are abroad then you should make a lot of English or international friends so you always have the opportunity to speak EOn Spoken English， attitude is very You need to be very keen and you must not be Never be afraid to make Always think that a talk in English with some one will help you You can think in this way: since my parents have paid so much to support me to study abroad， the money is partly spent on the international environment for learning English; therefore I ought to try my best to take every opportunity to practise my E My English has risen to a higher level in the last 2 years， because I talk in English most of the Having some international friends is particularly useful Summing up the activities:I have also been watching TV The real improvement lies in staying with international friends long enough and watching a lot of TV such as news， football， dramas， documentaries Writing diaries also helps me to remember good words， good expressions and practise sentence *****Now， I have finished talking about how to learn and improve General EIt is the time to switch to "Your Major in English" *******************************Knowing general English on its own is not going to be sufficient for most Skills are as important as mastering another General English helps people to communicate with each other in their Technical English helps you to take on challenges to change the world for the highest， to earn money for your living for the Some people who have a degree in English go abroad to learn something different but heavily based on the language such as Media study， Journalist， History， Education or even a bit more technical like Finance， Business Administration or EIt is extremely useful to know more because there are so many words in English and they appear differently to each For people whose second language is English， will find it difficult to guess the meaning of a new For sure， it is not possible to know Pick a major first and put all your effort on that major， in the end you will have a rich vocabulary of that Difficulties on learning Technical English:To master technical English in your area of study， there are two difficulties to 1， the language， because it is not your first language， you need to remember the terms， knowing how to pronounce it and spell 2， surely you need to understand the terms in a technical No matter what field， it is going to be the same; the two difficulties above must be Here I take Physics as an example (note that whatever field you are looking into is going to be similar):The term "momentum" is basically the product of the mass of the object and the velocity it Obviously， you need to understand mass and velocity as If you understand mass and velocity， then you get the explanation of the term "momentum" in physics， then you are most likely to understand the word and use it properly in the technical world of P From this example， you can see how to understand a technical word in a technical fashion: you need to understand the very fundamental knowledge of a field to be able to understand more complex terminologies or Before learning technical English in your field of study， I have a good recommendation to save your time:To understand technical knowledge in your first language (Chinese)， then you might not have the second What it left to overcome is just the first difficulty (the language)， hence the effort required is I can give you an example of my own:When I was learning chemistry at A-level， I had already learnt inorganic chemistry at the equivalent level in China， so I had no difficulty whatsoever in learning inorganic chemistry in the UK in EBut I had not learnt organic chemistry in China， and I was struggling significantly in learning organic chemistry in the UK due to dual ************OK， I have finished talking about how to improve your technical ENow i will talk about IT (Information Technology)， why is this important? Because nowadays it is the information age， you need to know computers， Internet， media and communications Knowing how to use Internet to search information will help your E ************I don't want to waffle too much on Computers are more and more important nowadays， everyone wants a computer and most people have their own But most people are not using the right Operating System for learning E Now I would like to introduce you to Debian Linux Operating system or a much nicer operating system called Ubuntu L If you still don't have a computer you can buy a China's home grown computer based on a Loongson CPU It saves your electricity and your time to deal with Linux will help you to improve your English skills because you need to read some documents and follow the instructions to set up software programs， it also requires you to search the Internet (Google for example) to find the answers to your problems ( installations of software programs)you can read about the commands of Linux in the terminal by putting in "man " ， so then you can read it and try to understand the content which will enable you to carry out the right The whole process of Reading， Understanding and deploying will improve your EWhen you install， do remember to install it as a UK English (Note that this IT section is more for people who take Science and Engineering courses)**********************************************************************Final wordsIt is the time to end this long talk on improving EHow good your English will be will heavily depend on how good your first language So when you go back to China for holidays， you should read as much as you can in Chinese because this will also help your English in a greater *********************************************************************Please note that the above is my own experience， it might not apply to you completely since your learning style could be Please take the advice which is right for I would regret deeply if my experience damaged your learning or wasted your Please look at it This is the third edition of “How to improve your English in full detail (my experience)”， I have made some corrections and changes to the second edition， and I hope that this is useful to I wish you all the best!你应该会用得着

高考英语作文范文10篇子曰：天天背范文，不亦乐乎？09）全国卷I (1)假定你是李华，正在英国接受英语培训，住在一户英国人家里。今天你的房东Mrs Wilson 不在家，你准备外出，请给Mrs Wilson 写一留言，内容如下：外出购物替房东还书 Tracy 来电话留言：1)咖啡屋（Bolton Coffee）见面取消 2）此事已告知Susan 3)尽快回电范文：Mrs Wilson ，I’m going out shopping ， and won’t be back until about 5:00 I have taken with me the two books you asked me to return to the city library At about 1 o’clock this afternoon ， Tracy called ，saying that she couldn’t meet you at Bolton Coffee tomorrow morning as she has something important to attend to She felt very sorry about that ， but said that you could set some other time for the meeting She wanted you to call her back as soon as you are home She has already told Susan about this LI Hua10）全国卷 (2)假设你是育才中学学生会主席李华。你校将举办一次英语演讲比赛（speech contest），希望附近大学的外籍教师Smith 女生来做评委。请参照以下通知给她写一封信。英语演讲比赛主题：人与自然时间：6月15日下午2：---5：地点：501教室参赛选手：10名联系人：李华范文： Dear M Smith ，I’m Li Hua ， the chairman of the Students’ Union of YuCai Middle School ，which is close to your university I’m writing to invite you to be a judge at our English speech contest which will be held in our school on June It will start at 2:00 pm and last for about three hours Ten students will deliver their speeches on the given topic “Man and Nature” We hope that you will accept our invitation if it is convenient for Please call me at 44876655 if you have any I’m looking forward to your reply With best wishesLi Hua 11）全国卷 (3)假定你是李华，正在一所英国学校学习暑期课程，遇到一些困难，希望得到学校辅导中心（Learning Center）的帮助。根据学校规定，你需要书面预约，请按下列的要求写一封信：本人简介求助内容约定时间你的联系方式范文： Dear Sir ，I’m LiHua ， a Chinese student taking summer course in your university I’m writing to ask for help I came here last month and found my courses interesting But I have some difficulty with note-taking and I have no idea of how to use the library I was told the learning center provides help for students and I’m anxious to get help from I have no class on Tuesdays mornings and Friday afternoons Please let me know which day is ok with You may email or phone me Here are my email address and phone number : ; Look forward to your reply Yours ，Li Hua09)安徽卷 (4)假设你正在参加全省中学生演讲比赛，请你针对有些父母经常翻开孩子的日记或书包这一现象，写一篇演讲稿，陈述你的观点。内容包括：认为同学们不必为此烦恼希望能够体谅父母的苦衷建议与父母进行交流沟通范文： Good morning ， ladies and gentlemen ，Some of us are having problems with our parents ， as they often look into our school bags or read our diaries I fully understand why we are not comfortable about it ， but there’s no need to feel too Our parents are checking our bags or diaries to make sure we are not getting into any trouble They have probably heard some horrible stories about other kids and thought we might do the same Or perhaps they just want to connect with us but are doing it all wrong My suggestion is : Tell them we want them to trust us as much as we’d like to trust them If you don’t think you can talk to them ， write them a letter and leave it lying around ---they are bound to read it Thank you!10)安徽卷 (5)假设你将参加某英文杂志开展的一次征文活动，内容要求你在电视，手机和网络三者中，放弃其中的一个并陈述理由。请你以“which would you give up: TV， cell or Web?” 为题，写一篇短文。范文： Which would you give up : TV ， cell or web?We are now living in an information age ， in which TV ， cells and the web are widely used It seems that many people can not enjoy themselves with them However ， if I had to give up one of them ， I would turn off TV rather than switch off my cell or cut off the internet I could do without TV because few TV shows can take my fancy and there’re too many commercials Besides ， most programs on TV are also available elsewhere As for cells and the web ， they are more necessary to me I need a cell to keep in touch with my friends and family ， and almost all information can be gathered on the internet 11)安徽卷 (6)某校英文报社开设了一个专栏：experience 本期话题是如何解决学习中遇到的困难。请你以“my approach to difficulties in learning” 为题，用英语写一篇短文，谈谈自己的一些做法。范文： My approach to difficulties in learningAs school students ， we run into one difficulty after another in the process of learning Everyone has their own ways to deal with them Here I would like to share When I am faced with a difficulty ， I usually choose to refer to relevant learning materials or web pages In this way ， I can not only work it out but also improve my ability to overcome problems all by myself However ， when it is something beyond my competence ， I turn to my classmates or teachers for help Sometimes I also ask my parents for advice As a result ， I have made steady progress in my studies 11)湖南卷 (7)假设你参加所在年级的英文写作比赛，请按下面文字中的道理完成一篇短文：A drop of water +two drops +many drops =seaA tree +two trees +many trees = forestOne person +two persons +many persons =society范文： The picture shows a simple truth : If too many drops of water are put together ，they will become a Many trees standing together form a forest and many people make up a society It conveys a message to us : A whole is made up of many small parts that are closely related Nothing or no one could exist alone The picture sets us thinking deeply : our society is made up of many people who have different personality and characters If we want to create a harmonious society ，we must live in harmony with others On the other hand ， since everybody is related to others ， we should be responsible for what we say and what we do so that we can develop a pleasant relationship with others ， which makes it possible for us to enjoy life to the fullest 10)湖南卷 (8)假设你和几位同学成了一个英语俱乐部，开展了为期2个月的活动。现在，你将代表俱乐部在课堂上进行经验交流，请写一份英语发言稿。简要描述俱乐部开展的一项与英语有关的活动谈谈你们开展活动的收获。范文：Boys and girls ，Today I’ll talk about our English club Our English club was set up two months ago Now we have members of 25 We meet once a week on Saturday So far we have conducted a variety of activities on English learning ， such as watching English films ， holding a Christmas party and getting together with foreign students Last week we held an English story-telling competition We required that the entries be original and interesting and be presented in English within five minutes Every member took an active part in the activity Two foreign English teachers were invited to act as judges At last Li Ping won the first place Many members said the activity benefited them in many ways Not only did it improve their spoken English ，but also it brought them much fun They hope many such activities can be held That’s Thank 11) 陕西卷（9）假定你是李华，在一位名叫TigerMom的学生家长的博客上，你看到以下内容。请你根据博客内容，写作要点和要求，给这位家长回复。I’m the mother of a fourteen-year –old I have a rule for my daughter :be among the top of 5 students or get punished in one way or another She has been doing very well in school ，but some of my friends keep telling me that I put too much pressure on her Am I wrong ?写作要点：表明自己的看法陈述自己的理由提出至少2条建议。范文： Hi， TigerMom ，What puzzles you is actually a puzzle for many parents in China My idea is that it is quite right for you to do so Although high grades are an important factor in evaluating students and for their future university admission ， development in wisdom emotion ，health and life attitude should never be ignored There are many examples around us Some all—A students in school have turned out not to be as successful in society as they were The reason is often that the pressure from their parents allows them almost no time for other activities Furthermore ， punishment is by no means a wise choice to help them grow up mentally and physically So I suggest that you take your friends’ advice More importantly， let her live like a lovely girl ; let her have more friends and social activities ; and let her make mistakes of her own as we teenagers often do 09)湖南卷（10）假设你是某中学新老师李红，请给你的朋友张华写封信，告诉他你第一天上课的情景，主要内容如下：描述一件课堂上令你印象深刻的事情介绍你处理该事的方式谈谈你的感想范文：Dear zhuanghua ，It’s three months since I heard from you last time Now I want to tell you an impressive story happening on my first lesson On hearing the bell students ran into the classroom as quickly as they But a boy ，LIMing ， whose father died a month ago ， was late for the He stood outside the classroom silently I smiled to him and let him come After a while ，he cried on his desk Then I walked to him and asked what had happened He told me that his mother was ill and he had to take some medicine for her At the same time ，he apologized to me for his lateness Moved by his words ， I praised him for his deeds and decided to sing a song named “mother” for the students How time flies ! Class was over before I realized it From the story I felt we should respect our parents and do our best to help them Do you think so ? I’m looking forward to your reply Yours truly ，Li Hong

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