幼儿教师论文摘要麦田守望者

看《麦田里的守望者》，因为我最近想看些叛逆少年的故事，那种邪恶的、叛逆的、无所谓的男孩子，内心空洞的、无助的、脆弱的抗争着，最好还有好看的外貌，最近我迷恋这样的故事。没想到，《麦田里的守望者》，我觉得和叛逆、邪恶完全扯不上边，或许有些颓废，但相信我，小说中的这个男孩子，霍尔顿·考尔菲德，是我看过的最善良的小说人物——嘿，真的，我不开玩笑。他是彻彻底底的善良，以至于彻彻底底的脆弱，以至于不能融入这个邪恶的社会，他的善良简直让我感动，又压抑得让人想哭。怎么可以那么善良？他恨人不用真皮箱子，因为他恨自己的真皮箱子让别人自卑，甚至藏起来。他尖酸地嘲讽见到的一切，所有东西都看不惯，但又由衷地为所看到的一切感到害怕和难受，为他衰老的历史老师沉闷的生活，为旅馆里为他抬行李的老头潦倒的职业，为他死去的弟弟(这段令我心碎，是真的心碎，我不开玩笑)，为他妈妈向店员问了“百万个愚蠢的问题”后为他买了冰鞋而他却被开除，为那个萍水相逢却勒索他的妓女如何像一个普通姑娘一样去商店买东西，甚至为受人宠爱的钢琴手欧尼永远无法知道自己的钢琴其实有时候弹得很糟，这一切，他感到害怕和难受。他憎恶没脑子的姑娘，但却比谁都尊敬她们，他爱那些真正聪明的姑娘，用心去爱，爱到让我无法相信一个青春期的男生会有这么细腻和温柔的情绪。他长得漂亮，小说不止一次强调。家境富裕。敏感而聪明，热爱阅读，作文写得好极了。是击剑队的队长，高尔夫打得可以拍体育短片，但被他拒绝了，因为他讨厌“混账电影”，为他讨厌的东西拍短片，会让他觉得自己是伪君子。而这一切，居然都不能令他快乐，居然都不能令他好好的活在这个世界上，那些他眼中的傻子、白痴、变态(我同意他的看法，并非偏激)，却能自得其乐，这实在有点诡异。如果你听我的意见，我说他是有道德洁癖的人。他不像我们，我们有时自己就不道德，有时自己道德但也能理解别人的不道德，我们是自私的凡人，快乐的大多数，因此我们还喜欢这个世界。还是那句话，人把一切都看得太透，就往往无法幸福。霍尔顿承认，你必须想这一切“想得恰到好处”，才不会为这个世界难受。塞林格绝对是把自己融入霍尔顿里面了，要是我写这么个完美的人物，我就绝对是把他当成一种理想写的，我要是塞林格，我写这么一个男孩的野心，绝对是让每个女孩子都爱他，每个男孩子都渴望成为他。如果你了解他谎言后的绝望、粗口中的愤懑，如果你能了解他神经质举动下纯洁的心，如果你了解他面对世界的孤独与苦闷，即使你不能理解他，只要能了解到一些，你也不会认为他叛逆。他的心非常柔软，却过于冷静，他说的话令你笑，但同时鼻子有点酸，他爱着你时，非常温柔和安静，他鄙视你时，是在鄙视你身上的他自己，而他对一些人真正的讽刺，足可令人警醒。而这样一个人，似乎注定不能享受凡人之乐，活在自己的世界里，砸碎窗户或是突然跳踢踏舞的人，我多么理解和爱这种人，但却似乎注定不能得到快乐，更可怕的是，当他们真的被人理解和宠爱时，他们又会本能的抗拒，抗拒一切能让他们活下去的糊涂乐观，坚持能让人发疯的清醒苦闷。还没有看完，不想那么快看完，很小心翼翼地在看，像吃到了最好吃的甜点，不忍心一口吃完，怕吃完了，余生空虚，怕吃完了，忘了刚入口那种沁入心扉的触动，没有撕心裂肺的爱与恨，但我撕心裂肺的为他而痛。我也觉得，这是一部更基本的作品，超越阶级、超越年龄、超越国界，只要你曾经思考过，你就会有和霍尔顿同样的感受，我看了之后，已经觉得我的余生都无法忘记这部小说，这不是感动、不是会心、不是领悟，不是这些情绪，这是唯一一部直击心灵的小说，是比athena更athena的那个真实的athena在喋喋不休地跟我说话，禁不住流泪，不能不流泪，我听着我自己的声音；禁不住微笑，不得不微笑，面对同样的世界。那个世界，几十年后依然一样，我们和霍尔顿同时代、同地域，这是反人类，这是爱人类，只要有人类，你都可以看麦田里的守望者，你都会觉得那是你自己在和你自己讲话，就是这样，心中永远有个霍尔顿，从此以后，在悄悄地和你说话。

该书的主人公霍尔顿是个中学生，出身于富裕的中产阶级家庭。他虽只有16岁，但比常人高出一头，整日穿着风雨衣，戴着鸭舌帽，游游荡荡，不愿读书。他对学校里的一切——老师、同学、功课、球赛等等，全都腻烦透了，曾是学校击剑队队长，3次被学校开除。又一个学期结束了，他又因5门功课中4门不及格被校方开除。他丝毫不感到难受。在和同房间的同学打了一架后，他深夜离开学校，回到纽约城，但他不敢贸然回家。当天深夜住进了一家小旅馆。他在旅馆里看到的都是些不三不四的人，有穿戴女装的男人，有相互喷水、喷酒的男女，他们寻欢作乐，忸怩作态，使霍尔顿感到恶心和惊讶。他无聊之极，便去夜总会厮混了一阵。回旅馆时，心里仍觉得十分烦闷，糊里糊涂答应电梯工毛里斯，让他叫来了一个妓女。妓女一到他又紧张害怕，最后按讲定的价格给了五块钱，把她打发走了。第二天是星期天，霍尔顿上街游荡，遇见两个修女，捐了10块钱。后来他的女友萨丽去看了场戏，又去溜冰。看到萨丽那假情假义的样子，霍尔顿很不痛快，两人吵了一场，分了手。接着霍尔顿独自去看了场电影，又到酒吧里和一个老同学一起喝酒，喝得酩酊大醉。他走进厕所，把头伸进盥洗盆里用冷水浸了一阵，才清醒过来。可是走出酒吧后，被冷风一吹，他的头发都结了冰。他想到自己也许会因此患肺炎死去，永远见不着妹妹菲芘了，决定冒险回家和她诀别。霍尔顿偷偷回到家里，幸好父母都出去玩了。他叫醒菲芘，向她诉说了自己的苦闷和理想。他对妹妹说，他将来要当一名“麦田里的守望者”：“有那么一群小孩子在一大块麦田里做游戏。几千几万个小孩子，附近没有一个人——没有一个大人，我是说——除了我。我呢，就在那混帐的悬崖边。我的职务是在那儿守望，要是有哪个孩子往悬崖边奔来，我就把他捉住——我是说孩子们都在狂奔，也不知道自己是在往哪儿跑。我得从什么地方出来，把他们捉住。我整天就干这样的事。我只想当个麦田里的守望者。”后来父母回来了，霍尔顿吓得躲进壁橱。等父母去卧室，他急忙溜出家门，到一个他尊敬的老师家中借宿。可是睡到半夜，他发觉这个老师有可能是个同性恋者，于是只好偷偷逃出来，到车站候车室过夜。霍尔顿不想再回家，也不想再念书了，决定去西部谋生，做一个又聋又哑的人，但他想在临走前再见妹妹一面，于是托人给她带去一张便条，约她到博物馆的艺术馆门边见面。过了约定时间好一阵，菲芘终于来了，可是拖着一只装满自己衣服的大箱子，她一定要跟哥哥一起去西部。最后，因对妹妹劝说无效，霍尔顿只好放弃西部之行，带她去动物园和公园玩了一阵，然后一起回家。回家后不久，霍尔顿就生了一场大病。整部小说是以回忆的方式写的。

<麦田守望者>的细节评论(英文) 全文摘录自美国文学著作论坛 (一） Comments on the Details of novel “The Catcher In The Rye” The majority of the novel takes place in New York City during war of America. The journey begins just a week before Holden's Christmas break. A young man, Holden Caulfield, is in a mental institution where he is recovering from a recent mental breakdown. The entire novel is a flashback of the events that had led up to his emotional destruction. The flashback begins with Holden leaving the boarding school he had been attending because of lackluster grades. Holden had been sent to boarding school by his parents. The protagonist and narrator of the novel, Holden Caulfield, finds himself upset with the society in which he lives. Throughout the novel he goes on a journey to find himself. Holden is immature although he makes attempts to act as if he is mature. Holden can not accept those who value materialistic items and labels them "phonies." In all, Holden is hypocritical and it is perhaps this trait that causes him to self-destruct. At first, we should pay a little attention to the other people in this story. Holden's smart kid sister, Phoebe Caulfield, is the only person that Holden can relate to. Holden visits her while in Manhattan, and while with her he decides that he would like to save children like her from becoming phonies. She also later convinces Holden to return home. . Caulfield is Holden's brother who used to be a serious writer, but is now in Hollywood where he is writing for television programs. Holden views his brother as being a phony since he had "sold out" and given up his principles in return for money. Holden's younger brother named Allie Caulfield. Holden saw him as a symbol of innocence. Allie died of Leukemia. Jane Gallagher was Holden's great love and almost girlfriend. Holden did not view her as a phony, perhaps because he knew her when she was younger. He was very upset that she was to go out with Stradlater. He believed Stradlater would make her a phony too. Holden's history teacher at Pency Prep school called Mr. Spencer. Holden visited him just before he left for Manhattan. Holden meets two nuns at the train station where they are collecting money. Holden decides that they are only the only adults that have not become phony and therefore can retain their innocence. Mr. Antolini was Holden's teacher at Elkton Hills. Holden visited him while in Manhattan and stayed at his apartment. (There he made sexual advances on Holden.) The novel opens with the narrator, Holden Caulfield, a seventeen-year-old boy from New York City, telling the story of three days in his life. The whole narrative is a coming to terms with the past, since Holden tells it from a psychiatric institution. It is the adult world that has driven him insane. He just cannot relate to anyone except for his kid sister Phoebe. Everything and all other people seem "phony" to him. Holden is unable to accept life. Since Holden is becoming an adult himself, he is unhappy with what he will represent. He flunks out of three boarding schools in a row, the latest of them Pencey Prep, which is also where the first part of the story takes place.<麦田守望者>的细节评论(英文) 全文摘录自美国文学著作论坛(二 One Saturday night, after an unpleasant experience with his history teacher "Old Spencer," his roommate Stradlater and the boy next door, Robert Ackley, Holden decides to leave Pencey four days early for Christmas break. He knows that he cannot return to his parents because they are not aware that he has been expelled again. Holden spends the next three days wandering aimlessly around New York City. He stays at a cheap hotel for one night, goes to two night clubs, dances with older women, often talks and thinks about sex, even has a prostitute come up to his room. The next day, he talks with some nuns about literature and has a date with his former girlfriend Sally Woodruff. They go to the theater and also go ice-skating. When he asks her to run away with him, she gets mad and they part. He is "depressed," at this time Holden thinks and even talks to his deceased brother Allie. To Holden, Allie represented innocence. With nobody else around, Holden turns to the only person he can relate to, his sister Phoebe. He sneaks into his parent's apartment at night to talk to his sister. He tells her about his dream to be a "catcher in the rye," and that he wants to run away. He then leaves to meet his former teacher, Mr. Antolini. They have a good talk, but Holden leaves in a hurry when he thinks his host makes a sexual advance on him. He spends the night in a train station, then runs around town. Finally, he meets his sister, who tells him she wants to run away with him and that she will never go back to school. Holden sees himself in her, finally changes his mind and decides to go back to his parents. We are able to conclude that Holden then is sent to a mental hospital for treatment. The first major conflict encountered in The Catcher in the Rye is Holden . Holden has a hard time dealing with everyday life, and feels that everyone around him is a "phony". This is one of the reasons for his mental breakdown. His own mind working against himself caused him to have internal problems and turn against himself. His internal conflict also led to his seclusion from the outside world. He became introverted and could no longer cope with life. Another conflict we come across is Holden vs. society. Everyone is a "phony" to him and he never realizes the good in anyone. This is due to Holden's strong opposition to material wealth, which is a dominating characteristic of the society which he could not accept. He can't communicate with anyone and feels that the only person he can even relate to is his sister Phoebe. Holden cannot function as a normal part of society because of his hatred towards all "phonies", which he believes everyone to be. Holden did not want children to grow up because he felt that adults are corrupt. This is seen when Holden tries to erase naughty words from the walls of the elementary school, that his sister Phoebe attended. Holden believed that children were innocent because they viewed the world and society without any bias. This leads to Holden's dream to being the catcher in the rye, which relates to a poem where the catcher prevents small children from falling off a cliff.<麦田守望者>的细节评论(英文) 全文摘录自美国文学著作论坛(三） Holden throughout the whole novel, differs from society which results in his rebellious nature. Holden does not have any friends and cannot keep relationships. This is because he finds and exaggerates any negative aspect of all the people he knows or meets. This can be seen when Holden cannot keep his relationship with his girlfriend Sally. Holden also rebels because he feels that all adults are phonies. Holden believes that these phonies are people who try to be something that they are not. Usually the mark of a phony is the desire for material goods. This is because people usually want these possessions in order to impress others and become something they are not. This is why Holden can only connect with his younger sister Phoebe. On the other hand his older brother . is a prime example of a phony. This is because . was a writer, who became a playwright in order to gain more public recognition. Holden's instability has derived from various events and personality traits. Early in his life his brother Allie died. This had many negative effects on Holden. He also disliked his parents. He believes they are phonies and that they neglected him. This is because they send him to many different private schools and do not supply him with the love and affection he needs. Holden has either been expelled from or has run away from these schools. This is seen in Pencey where he cannot stand his roommate, Stradlater. His incapability of living in society has led to his admission into a mental institution. It is from this point that Holden narrates the story. The book begins as Holden is recovering from his nervous breakdown. He tries to save all children from growing up and losing their innocence, and when he realized that he can not, he goes insane and can't deal with it. Death is a major issue in this novel because of the death of his brother Allie. It is the death of his brother which fuels his desire to save children from growing up and becoming corrupt. Holden uses his brother as a model for innocence. Holden has a very hard time dealing with people that are not known to him. He feels that most people are phonies and finds it hard to open himself up to others. He is very insecure as well as being very immature. His immaturity is shown when he invites the prostitute, Sunny, up to his hotel room for sex. When she arrives he cannot go through with it. Holden also rarely had a girlfriend for an extended period of time because of his fear of commitment. Holden disliked his parents because they sent him away to a private school. He thinks that they feel he is useless and give up on him and send him away. He also wouldn't face his parents until the very end of the novel. Holden calls other's phonies but in actuality, Holden is the biggest phony in the novel. He despises those who value material things but he himself prides his possessions. We first note Salinger's vividness of description. The reader could care less about the street names or other various paraphernalia, but is given them any way. These more or less serve to promote the reality of Holden's thought while showing his attentiveness to detail.

本来准备给即将上初中的儿子看的书，我自己读过后发现暂时不适合12岁的孩子读，初中毕业了再读比较合适。如大多数书评写的，也许作者的主要目的是批判社会现实，而我把这本小说当做一本探讨青春期，叛逆期孩子的行为、心理和思想状态的书。小说描写的是处于叛逆期的中学生霍尔顿被学校开除后三天里的经历和心历路程。虽然小说背景是二战后的美国，主角西方中产阶级的孩子，但是不管何时何地，熊孩子都是类似的。叛逆期的孩子可能经历的叛逆行为霍尔顿都有，抽烟，酗酒，招妓，逃课，打架，还想离家出走（被妹妹给劝回了）。他看不惯周围的一切人和事，觉得每个人都假模假式，虚伪得要命。放在今日社会主义的中国，相信处于青春叛逆期的熊孩子总会占一样。霍尔顿不是个乖孩子，但他乐于助人。即使得知被学校开除了，在离开学校以前也愿意帮因为要去约会没空写作业的同学写论文（当然，帮同学写作业是不值得鼓励的），还把没穿几次的衣服借给同学去约会。他是善良的。偶遇2位天主教的修女拿着募捐用的篮子，主动捐款，虽然当时2位修女并没有在募捐。他是一位绅士。在酒吧会给跟他跳舞的姑娘买单，即使他与她们只是萍水相逢。霍尔顿对一切都失望，叛逆的他想做的事情不是走上绝路或歪路，而是做麦田里的守望者，在悬崖那里守望，保护孩子，让他们避免因为狂奔坠入悬崖。霍尔顿迷惘的时候，他懂得找人开解他，暂时排解不良情绪，有朋友，导师，自己的妹妹，还有路人。所以说沟通很重要这几年听了不少中学生因为各种原因放弃生命的新闻。对待处在青春期与叛逆期的孩子，除了关心他们的学习，我们也要关注他们的精神状态，让孩子学会排解不良情绪，就像霍尔顿那样，找各路人沟通，与人沟通，也许不经意间的一句话能给处于彷徨迷惘中的孩子一些指引，点亮他们心中的路。曾经的导师安多里尼先生跟霍尔顿说：“你一旦弄清楚了自己要往哪儿走，你的第一步就应该是在学校里用功。你非这样做不可。你是个学生---不管愿意也好，不愿意也好。你应该爱上学问。”“一个不成熟男子的标志是他愿意为某种事业英勇地死去，一个成熟男子的标志是他愿意为某种事业卑贱地活着。”接受训话的当下霍尔顿不是很理解，也许没往心里去，因为当时他困得要命。但是，将来有一天，静下心来，再回想起这些话，或许能启发他。如果从行为上判断，他不是一个乖孩子；如果从品格上来说，他是个好孩子。霍尔顿根本上是一位善良有爱的孩子，即使他叛逆，他的终极理想也是守护其他孩子。对于孩子的教育，让孩子学会爱，心存善念，即使在叛逆期，孩子走上歪路的几率也会低很多。对孩子进行爱的教育，是一项持久的事业，不需要长篇大论，可从身边小事启发孩子，让爱的教育渗透入生活。其实我们从小就接受爱的教育，例如，在力所能及的范围帮助有需要的人；学会分享；学会感恩。在女生因为例假身体不舒服的时候，男生可以发挥绅士的品格，帮助女生完成值日。发现有更好的背单词方法，乐于与同学分享。不仅对给予帮助的人表达感谢，也感恩父母每天照顾我们的生活，感恩兢兢业业教育我们的老师。心中有爱又懂得感恩的孩子，即使经历短暂的彷徨迷惘，必能拨开云雾，发现自己的价值，找到前进的方向。

麦田的守望者毕业论文

【篇一】麦田里的守望者读后感3000字在我拿起这本书时，我没有想到这么薄的一本书会对我产生这么大的影响，使我感触很深，我觉得这本书的形式和内容都很出色。美国的五十年代是一个相当混乱的时期，二战的阴云尚未散去，冷战硝烟又起。一方面科技发展迅速，而另一方面，人们缺乏理想，意志消沉，在自己无力改变的社会大背景下，过着混混噩噩的生活。于是，垮掉的一代出现了，霍尔顿就是其中的一员，他抽烟酗酒，不求上进，但是，他还不至于沦落到吸毒，群居的地步，因为在他心底，一直还存有美丽而遥远的理想做一个麦田里的守望者。作者杰罗姆大卫塞林格，出生于纽约的一个犹太富商家庭，他在15岁时就被父亲送到宾夕法尼亚州的一所军事学校。1936年塞林格从军事学校毕业。塞林格在纽约的时候就开始向杂志投稿，其中大部分都是为了赚钱，但也不乏一些好文章，其中包括了《香蕉鱼的好日子》。二战中断了塞林格的写作。战争令塞林格恐惧，他之后写了多本以战争为题材的书。1946年塞林格退伍，回到纽约开始专心创作。他的第一本长篇小说《麦田里的守望者》1951年出版，获得了很大的成功，塞林格一举成名。塞林格擅长塑造早熟、出众的青少年的形象。《麦田里的守望者》获得成功之后，塞林格变得更孤僻。他在新罕布什尔州乡间的河边小山附近买下了90多英亩的土地，在山顶上建了一座小屋，过起了隐居的生活。他虽然从未放弃写作，但他在1951年之后，就很少公开出版自己的作品。他后期的作品也越来越倾向于东方哲学和禅宗。看到这里，让我不禁想到了重要的一点，霍尔顿的身上折射出了作者的影子：内心孤独却又坚守理想。纵览全书，小说通过第一人称以一个青少年的说话口吻，生动而细致地描绘了一个中产阶级子弟的苦闷，彷徨的精神世界，从主人公这一个侧面揭露了资本主义社会追求物质生活精神生活荒芜的社会风气，道出了资本主义的实质。故事情节及脉络还是较为清晰明了的，采用大量的插叙倒叙以及回忆式的写法，使其又不乏生动曲折之感。仔细分析一下主人公霍尔顿，发现他虽然有丑恶的一面，放纵的堕落与沉沦，但我觉得作者实际上是要反映的，是他反抗现实，追求自己理想的纯洁的一面。他的理想很简单，就是在这样一个假模假式的，令人腻烦社会上顽强的生存下去。他的性格深受资本主义社会的耳濡目染：学校里的老师和他的家长*他读书，只是为了让他出人头地，以便将来可以买辆混帐卡迪拉克，学校里的老师大部分是势利的伪君子。，连他起初所敬佩的一位老师后来发现也可能是个搞*的，这位老师对他的话一个不成熟男人的标志是他愿意为某种事业英勇的死去，一个成熟男人的标志是他原为某种事业卑贱的活着。像是一条渗透着浓厚利己主义和功利主色彩的资本主义信条，污浊着霍尔顿的心灵。他不愿意与他们同流合污，自然也就无法好好读书，他的不用功表面是颓废，沉沦，实质上则是对资本主义的价值观的最无情的揭露。作者把霍尔顿身边的人，全都描绘成假模假式的人，他看不惯周围的一切。他最讨厌看*，但百无聊赖中又不得不在*院中消磨时间；他讨厌。慕虚荣而又毫无主见的女友去又迷恋她的美色，；他看不惯这个世道，却无法改变；他甚至痛恨自己，却没有参照的标准来改正自身缺点，这样的世界观和人生观注定了他只能生活在矛盾中，霍尔顿只能用幻想解脱自己，自欺欺人，最后仍妥协于他所深恶痛绝的社会，继续陷入矛盾的漩涡，无法自拔。他无法为自己设想出在社会上的立足点，最后只能成为这个社会的牺牲品。我为他的不幸遭遇感到惋惜，因为他的确是个很有灵性的孩子，他可以说出天气冷得像巫婆的奶头这样让*吃一惊又拍案叫绝的话，他在描述周遭时是多么犀利的冷嘲，说到自己纯真的弟妹时又怎样在玩世不恭的话语里透出无往不在的温柔。文首那段话是霍尔顿对妹妹菲苾发自肺腑的话语，那是多么明朗又纯美的画面：金色的浪潮柔柔滑过幼小的孩子们的身体，他们自由自在地奔跑，而霍尔顿则守护着他们，不要再让这些孩子如他一样堕入深谷般的虚无，他们不会忧伤，不会有阴翳的绝望，永远不会在暗中挣扎，渴求光明又遥不可及，永远不会让率真的天性蒙上伪善我想象着霍尔顿面对妹妹天真的脸说这话的神情，怀着对另一个世界的希望，双眼朦胧又明亮上一页 1 2 3 下一页

第一，麦文为塞林格的封笔之作，此后二十年塞林格没有在进行创造也拒绝任何采访，而在二十年之后突然宣布接受采访，但是采访人却是一个指定的女中学生。这一点本身就说明塞林格本人个性就与社会格格不入，而且标新立异，是一个不合作主意者。第二，第二守望者创作氛围是在上世纪60年代西方社会普遍弥漫着绝望和颓废的情绪之时推出的，守望者本身也是说害怕孩子跌入深渊，所以这部小说明显说明当时整个社会包括青少年没有价值感归属感的绝望情绪。

麦田里的守望者论文文献

《麦田里的守望者》中意识流手法研究

因而，这部作品在以意识流手段进行创作时，是基于传统意识流创作技巧，并给予一定的丰富和创新，这在作品中相关人物的主要行动上可见一斑。在以往的那些传统的具有意识流特征的小说中，诸如《尤利西斯》(乔伊斯)中的主人公布鲁斯，不管其思想是如何的散漫、荒诞，这位主人公还是具有那些合情入理的行动，但在《麦田里的守望者》这部小说中，霍尔顿这位年轻人，其所作所为绝大多数都是毫无常规、无理可循的，似既可做，似乎又可不为，虚虚假假、假假真真，让人总觉倍感迷惘、不知所措;其实这正是我们这位主人公内心世界真实感受的反映，他的所作所为归根结底就是基于他那毫无意识的思维，以如此无意识的思维来掌控其行动，出现书中主人公那种荒诞、无理、不按常规出牌的一举一动、一言一语也就不足为怪了。由此可见，塞林格正是通过这种基于传统意识流而高于传统意识流的文学创作，极其淋漓尽致地体现了主人公霍尔顿那种特定的行动与其特定的思想的互为影响、互为支持的特殊关系。书中主人公那种无拘无束、不循常规的行动，在整部小说中随处可见。例如，他自认为他因中了一颗子弹的射击而受了极其严重的伤害，但实际上他一点儿也没事，还是好端端的一个人;其实这只是他要把那些埋藏在他内心已久的生存危机向世人表达而已，从另一个侧面也体现他早已厌倦这个现实世界，周围这个尔虞我诈、唯利是图的成人世界彻底让他感到恐惧，在他内心深处极力欲寻找一个纯真、童话般的世外桃源，为的只是今后再也不受到这个现实世界的伤害，这正是小说主人公霍尔顿的一个真正思想状况的表现;当他那美丽的童话世界是那么的遥不可及，而现实世界又是如此的真实存在于他的周围，伴随着他的左右，一刻也离不开，这是何等的人生无奈和绝望啊，于是乎，处于虚幻与现实夹缝中的他，那种无所归属、被世人彻底抛弃的意识，此时更是让他感到痛入骨髓!处于这种状况的他倍感迷茫，既不知在这个现实世界该做什么，也不知不该做什么，只好一个人晃晃悠悠、过着形如僵尸般的无奈生活。因此当塞林格运用他那超凡脱俗、高于前人的意识流创作手段来阐释霍尔顿的人生轨迹，一旦其失去理智的行动退缩到一个比较清醒的边界，此时霍尔顿那种世界是如此之大，可何处是他容身之处的因极其悲哀而极度绝望的心情就毫无保留地展现在读者面前。目睹着这一切，读者在感叹造物主作弄世人的同时，也不得不惊叹于塞林格这种基于传统意识流创作又高于传统意识流创作的文学创作手段。正是塞林格对意识流创作的大胆创新和不断丰富，才让读者能够感受到其中的精彩和非凡。

四结语

总而言之，《麦田里的守望者》这部世纪经典力作，其意识流创作手法，在基于前人成功的创作技巧上，又不断加以丰富和创新，正是这种永无止步的人类精神，促进了世界文学的不断发展和创新，也促进整个人类文明不断跨上新台阶，带来了人类社会的繁荣和文明。

参考文献：

[1] 郑宝卿：《从反抗到妥协――从霍尔顿的心路历程看塞林格的精神世界》，《漳州师范师院学报》，2001年第4期。

[2] 刘悦聪：《论〈麦田守望者〉》，《玉林师范学院学报》，2008年第4期。

[3] 张颖：《20世纪美国少年文学回顾》，《四川外语学院学报》，2003年第2期。

[4] 郭佳：《〈麦田里的守望者〉研究综述》，《太原大学学报》，2002年第5期。

[5] 牛振宇：《浅析〈乞力马扎罗罗的雪〉中意识流的意义》，《安徽电子信息职业技术学院学报》，2010年第4期。

浅析《麦田里的守望者》中主人公霍尔顿?考菲尔德的主要性格

【摘要】《麦田里的守望者》这部作品是美国作家塞林格的著名代表作。作品通过对人物细腻的心理描绘，刻画出了一个极具叛逆精神的主人公形象――霍尔顿・考菲尔德。霍尔顿性格中既有积极的态度同时又有消极的特征，他是一个性格十分复杂的人物。

【关键词】麦田里的守望者;霍尔顿;性格

Abstract "The Catcher in the Rye" This work is well-known American author JD Salinger's masterpiece. It works through the characters delicate psychological depiction depicts a very rebellious hero image - Holden Caulfield. Holden character both positive and negative characteristics of attitude at the same time, he is a character, very complex character.

Key words The Catcher in the Rye; Holden; character

《麦田里的守望者》是美国作家塞林格的著名代表作，在这部作品中，作者通过细腻的心理描绘，刻画出了霍尔顿复杂矛盾的性格特征。这一类型人物形象的塑造并非是源于塞林格，早在第一次世界大战之后，就有以海明威为代表的一批作家开始了有关战争题材的创作，这些作家在作品中主要描绘了战争对于青年心理所产生的巨大创伤，最为典型的就是以“迷惘的一代”为主题的创作。《麦田里的守望者》同样也属于反映二战对于青年人生的影响的作品，只不过它和海明威的创作在时间上差了将近半个世纪。在这部作品中，作者主要描绘出了主人公霍尔顿孤独彷徨的内心世界，塑造出了一个内心极为丰富的人物形象。

一、消极、悲观的性格特征

在作品中，作者所刻画出的霍尔顿这个人物形象，是当时时代社会中理想幻灭以及精神崩溃的青年形象。他十分拒斥社会的主流价值观念，对于主流价值观念所要求的求上进而上班挣钱的人生轨迹，他并不热衷，因为这些只能带给他一种物质上的满足，却无法满足他对于精神世界的要求。因此，虽然他的物质生活很是充裕，但他仍然感觉精神世界十分压抑，他对于自己人生的前途没有什么期望以及想象，他对于现实世界的态度是很失望的，甚至产生了许多悲观消极的想法。这个人物形象并不是只出现在文学作品中，在五十年代的美国社会有许多和霍尔顿相似的青年，因而很多史学家将五十年代的美国社会称为“怯懦的五十年代”。

霍尔顿是一位非常典型的精神空虚的人物形象。他的生活就是喝酒、抽烟以及出入夜总会，这些生活没有任何精神上的充盈，这使他感到一种无所事事。他对于学校的生活也是十分厌恶的，但他又像所有的在校生那样滥交女友，终日吃喝玩乐，过着空虚颓废的生活。他的灵魂世界是无比空虚的，而这样的空虚又使他找不到任何的人生目标和热情，导致他整日沉湎在酒和性的糜烂生活中。霍尔顿一直都是以一种消极悲观的态度来面对生活，他始终无法找到自己精神上的朋友与伙伴，他感到自己不被这个社会所理解，因此他总是用一种破罐子破摔的态度来面对人生，最终也放弃了对于自我的拯救。他在家中非常惧怕父亲，父亲对他来说没有任何的父爱，尽管母亲非常疼爱他，然而母亲却无法和他进行精神上的交流和沟通，哥哥曾经是他的人生榜样，然而哥哥后来因为生计也开始了日常庸俗的谋生，这使他感觉到这个榜样一下子轰塌了，最让他感到慰藉的就是弟弟埃里，然而弟弟在多年之前就已经去世了。因此，霍尔顿对自己的人生十分失望，他得不到任何精神上的慰藉，他就总是以消极的态度来对待人生。

在霍尔顿离开学校进入社会以后，他的消极悲观态度达到了高潮。例如在他第一次去宾馆时，他看到那个心理有些不健康甚至是变态的老头，内心中便产生一种恶心感，在他看到宾馆中的许多男女做着很低俗的游戏时，他的内心中也是非常厌恶，即使他和自己的女友在一起，他也无法得到心灵上的慰藉，女友萨丽只关心超短裙是否好看，她和霍尔顿没有任何精神层面上的沟通和交流。霍尔顿认为他周围的人都是很奇怪荒诞的，他感觉自己被这个世界抛弃了，在他十分痛苦时，他希望能够找到自己的老师来开解自己，然而他没有想到，他的老师表面上是一幅仁义慈爱，实际上却是同性恋。霍尔顿彻底对人生绝望了，无论是家庭、学校，还是社会，都使他感到极度的窒息，他在哪里都无法找到宣泄的出口。

可以说，消极、悲观、失望的霍尔顿是二战对于美国青年精神摧残的一个典型代表。他出生于律师的家庭，尽管不是大富大贵，但是却衣食无忧，然而他对于自己的人生却没有任何的方向和目标，总是感到未来渺茫，这是家庭和社会共同造成的。他是精神世界先行崛起的青年代表，现实的'世界无法使他的内心精神得到满足，因此，他产生了一种绝望感，不再以任何积极的态度来面对人生，而是放任自流。

二、积极的性格特征

尽管霍尔顿对于现实的生活非常不满，也曾迷惘无奈，但在某些方面他还是有一些积极向上的心态，并不仅仅单纯是用消极的态度来面对人生。从他的言行中我们可以看到，霍尔顿尽管有失望的情绪，不过他的内心中仍然还存在着真善美，他还是用一颗博爱的心灵来面对周围的人和世界，这也是他积极乐观的一种表现。

霍尔顿虽然有一些不良的嗜好，比较放荡不羁，不过他始终有一颗善良的心灵，对于他人他总是抱着感恩和同情之心。例如，有一次他得知自己的历史成绩不及格，他特意给历史老师写了一封信，让老师不要因为自己不及格而心里感到难过：他有一次在火车上遇到了一位大学同学的母亲，在她对大学中的情况进行询问时，霍尔顿出于善良的心理并没有把自己同学在大学中虚度光阴的事情告诉她，因为担心她会失望，所以就告诉她，她的儿子在学校中非常优秀，让她不用为此担心。如此种种，我们都可以看到，霍尔顿拥有一颗善良的灵魂，他不希望他人像自己那样对生活失去信念，希望他人都能够积极乐观地生活。

霍尔顿非常喜欢儿童，他认为儿童的世界是一片纯洁，而成人的世界则是污浊肮脏的，为了不让儿童的世界被成人世界所污染，霍尔顿曾经积极地帮助儿童。在他看到学校的墙上出现了“X你”这样的字眼时，他非常愤怒并立刻擦掉了它们，他不希望儿童纯洁的世界被成人的污浊所玷污，他希望儿童可以保持一颗不被现实同化的灵魂，使他们可以健康地成长，不必像自己这样对于未来产生迷惘和无奈。他这样的观念，就是为了使儿童有一个纯净的生长空间，尽管他自己的内心不是很阳光，但是他仍然希望将阳光带给更多的人们，使这些人们都可以健康快乐充实地成长并生活。

三、反抗、叛逆的性格特征

霍尔顿有着很复杂的性格，他对于世界和人生都充满了失望感，他认为周围的人们都不理解他，因而他性格中出现了消极的一面。但同时，他内心中仍然具有真善美的思想，他很有爱心，他对儿童以及自己的历史老师都抱有博爱的心灵，这是他积极向上性格的一种体现。然而，霍尔顿性格中最明显的一点就是他的叛逆精神，正由于他拥有一颗不对现实臣服的心灵，他才会产生一种厌世感和消极感。

霍尔顿曾经出走过，他通过这样的方式来对现实社会进行反叛。他不想按照社会中人们的价值观念来生活，他不愿意为了挣钱的目的而去上学，他也不想去屈从于现实，因而他在学校中用荒废学业的方式来进行反叛。他不愿意将上学视为人生走向成功的工具，他对于这种价值观念的拒斥就是通过反叛的方式来进行的，但是他的这种反叛是模糊的，他没有一个清晰的认知。他对于社会人生没有进行过理性逻辑的思考，因而他的反叛大多是出于一种自己主观的一种愿望和理想。在他出走的第三天中，他就对自己的行为产生了一种后悔的想法，因为他对自己的行为并没有一个清晰的逻辑认知，所以即使他出走，他仍然无法找寻到自己想要的东西，相反，这样的结果反而会让他更加的绝望，导致更多的厌世情绪，他发现自己的反叛没有任何的作用，只能是让内心更加痛苦。

四、结语

霍尔顿矛盾性格的原因主要分为社会原因以及个人原因两个方面。从社会原因这一方面来看，霍尔顿这一代青年是二战后成长起来的，战争使得他们对于生命的看法改变了，他们大都出现了一种厌世情绪，很多年轻人精神极度空虚，而又对现实不满，他们希望通过反叛的方式来找寻到人生的意义，但最终都以失败告终。从个人原因方面来看，霍尔顿和其他很多进步青年一样，他们对于世界和人生的认知还不是很清晰，往往出现思想和行为的不一致。他们希望自己的灵魂能够充实，但却沉湎于物质享受中，即使反叛的行为，也大多是没有任何的目标和针对性，只能是在精神的泥沼中痛苦。

参考文献：

[1]塞林格.《麦田里的守望者》[M].南京：译林出版社，2010.

[2]韩国勇.浅谈《麦田里的守望者》及其对当代青少年精神世界的影响[J].长春师范学院学报，2012(4)。

[3]戴宝琴.《麦田里的守望者》中主人公的逃避心态和自我矛盾[J].安徽文学，2012(8).

This book has been steeped in controversy since it was banned in America after it's first publication. John Lennon's assassin, Mark Chapman, asked the former beatle to sign a copy of the book earlier in the morning of the day that he murdered Lennon. Police found the book in his possession upon apprehending the psychologically disturbed Chapman. However, the book itself contains nothing that could be attributed with leading Chapman to act as he did - it could have been any book that he was reading the day he decided to kill John Lennon - and as a result of the fact that it was 'The Catcher In The Rye', a book describing nervous breakdown, media speculated widely about the possible connection. This gave the book even more notoriety. So what is 'The Catcher In The Rye' actually about ? Superficially the story of a young man's expulsion from yet another school, 'The Catcher In The Rye' is in fact a perceptive study of one individual's understanding of his human condition. Holden Caulfield, a teenager growing up in 1950s New York, has been expelled school for poor achievement once again. In an attempt to deal with this he leaves school a few days prior to the end of term, and goes to New York to 'take a vacation' before returning to his parents' inevitable wrath. Told as a monologue, the book describes Holden's thoughts and activities over these few days, during which he describes a developing nervous breakdown, symptomised by his bouts of unexplained depression, impulsive spending and generally odd, erratic behaviour, prior to his eventual nervous collapse. However, during his psychological battle, life continues on around Holden as it always had, with the majority of people ignoring the 'madman stuff' that is happening to him - until it begins to encroach on their well defined social codes. Progressively through the novel we are challenged to think about society's attitude to the human condition - does society have an 'ostrich in the sand' mentality, a deliberate ignorance of the emptiness that can characterize human existence? And if so, when Caulfield begins to probe and investigate his own sense of emptiness and isolation, before finally declaring that the world is full of 'phonies' with each one put out for their own phony gain, is Holden actually the one who is going insane, or is it society which has lost it's mind for failing to see the hopelessness of their own lives?

麦田里的守望者英文论文题目

中西方时间观念差异餐桌礼仪差异

Study on the Child Image of the Catcher in the Rye From Linguistic Perspective 从语言的角度分析《麦田里的守望者》中的儿童形象 A CHILD OF NATURE: ON EMILY DICKINSON'S NATURE COMPLEX 璞玉无暇，浑然天成：论艾米莉.狄金森的自然情结 A POLYPHONIC ANALYSIS OF THE SOUNF AND FURY “对位法”分析《喧哗与骚动》 The Use of Zero Article Before Class Nouns 类名词前的零冠词用法解析 An Analysis of Factors of Martin Eden's Suicide 导致马丁.伊登自杀因素的分析 Factors Affecting Marriage in Pride and Prejudice <<傲慢与偏见〉〉中影响婚姻的因素 A Probe into Anti-slavery of Mark Twain--From the Perspective of Jim in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn 探讨马克吐温的反奴隶制--对《哈克贝利芬历险记》中吉姆的分析 The Use OF Body Language In English Teaching 肢体语言在英语教学中的应用 Task-based Language Teaching and Its Application in China 任务教学法及其在中国的应用 Various Circumstances That the Inversion Is Used Under and Comparison with Chinese 运用到状的多种情形及与汉语的比较 Individual Factos Contributing to Gatsby's Tragedy 导致盖茨比悲剧产生的个人因素 The Direct Method and Its Application in Juvenile English Teaching 直接教学法及其在少儿英语教学中的应用 On Social Factora to the Failure of the Americam Dream——A Contrast between Gatsby and Willy Loman 论美国梦破灭的社会因素——盖茨比和威力洛曼的比较 On the Psychological Development of Tom in The Grapes of Wrath论《愤怒的葡萄》中汤姆的心理变化 Study on the Teaching of Culture 浅析文化教学 Culture Conmflicts in English Teaching 英语教学中的文化冲突 Cultural Differences of Chinese and English Color Words 中英颜色词的文化差异 A Research of Rhetoric in Jane Eyre 关于《简爱》中修辞的研究 On the Causes of Tess's Tragedy 论苔丝悲剧的原因 On Symbolism and Portraiture in The Great Gatsby 论《了不起的盖茨比》中的象征主义和人物描写 Multianalysis of "the Lost Generation" in The Sun Also Rises 透视《太阳照样升起》中的“迷惘的一代” On Robinson Crusoe's Character 鲁滨逊人物分析 The Use of Symbolism in Scarlet Letter 论《红字》中象征手法的运用 On the Writing Features Of The Cal l of the Wild 论《野性的呼唤》的写作手法 Character Analysis of Santiago in The Old Man and The Sea 《老人与海》主人公——桑提亚哥形象分析 Communicative Approach of English Teaching 英语教学之交际法 On the Theme of For Whom the Bell Tolls 论《丧钟为谁而鸣》的主题思想 How to Be a Good Guide in English Teaching in Middle School 怎样在中学教学中做好引导者

毕业论文题目:语言与文化的联系及影响

麦田里的守望者读后感英文范文

麦田里的守望者读后感英文范文，阅读为你打开了一扇思想的`天窗，在各种各样的书籍中体味人生，浸润着文学长大的人都谈吐不凡，读后感里包含的是一个人的感触，参考麦田里的守望者读后感英文范文，你也能写出自己的感悟。

The catcher in the Rye is a typical novel which reflects the confusion and rebel of the 1950s in America history. From year 1945-1955, the American society seemed to be blissful on the surface while the fear of uncertainty caused by the growing communist challenge was affecting the culture of society. People became paranoiac and youngsters of the time became rebel or even violent resulting from the lost of aim and belief. Holton, the main character of this novel, is portrayed by the author as a typical teenager of the time.

Born in a wealthy middle class family, Holton was supposed to live a good life. However, he expelled from school four times, not dare to go home, wandering alone in York city one day and two nights, living in small inn, going to nightclubs, being alcoholism. He wanted to escape from the real world because he feel depressed, confused, filled with all sorts of unrealistic fantasies. This novel can be defined as both the tragedy of Holtons and the author Salinger, who is a young people of that generation.

In 1950, the Korean War started, which was an extension of the Cold War which strengthened the hostilities and conflicts between America and the Soviet Union. It definitely leaded to the panic of normal people because they were uncertain about the result of the competition between the superpowers. Teenagers were emotionally confused of the changing society, doubting their life and their future. Salinger has also written other novels such as Nine Stories, a collection of short stories even more depressed than The catcher in the Rye, which at least have expressed some hope at the end of the novel. Actually, characters like Holton become popular at that time, not in literature only. In the film Rebel Without a Cause describe a very similar situation, the tendency of rebel and violence among youngsters in American culture at that time. In the early 1950s, the accumulation of emotions and conflicts were bedding the transform a few years later, which had significant influence on American culture of that period.

This book is a book I read during the summer vacation, because I have heard of this book before and I still look at it in a very expectant mood. When I got my hand, I found it was not in the future, but when I picked up the book, I didnt think that such a thin book would have had such a big impact on me, and I felt very deeply. I thought the book was very good in form and content.

The 50s of the United States was a quite chaotic period. The dark clouds of the Second World War had not yet dispersed, and the cold war began to spread again. On the one hand, the rapid development of science and technology, on the other hand, people lack of ideal, depressed will, in the social background of their own inability to change, and live a mixed life. As a result, the "collapsed generation" appeared, and Holton was one of them. He smokes and drinks, does not seek to advance, but he does not fall into the place of drug abuse and gregarious, because in his heart, there is still a beautiful and distant ideal as a "catcher in the wheat field".

The country we live in is undergoing tremendous changes, and everything is changing rapidly. In a sense, this is similar to that of the US in the 50s. Social progress, peoples ideas and ideas are also changing, many people began to be confused, depressed, they gradually forgotten their ideals, without the initial enthusiasm, began to yearn for mediocrity. We are a group of children living in the new age, and naturally we have been used to confusion and trouble, but we should concentrate on our minds, our path, and we should be a group of ideal and ambitious people. If Holton did not have his pure ideal, he would fall to the end. It was his ideals that made him survive. Ideal is the guiding light of man. It brings people to the future and leads to light. Our life has just begun, even though life has made our generation a little confused and hesitant, but everything is only temporary, not all will be in the past, what we need most now is our ideal.

Yes, there is hope in ideal, hope in tomorrow, tomorrow will be better! I also believe that as long as we have the courage to pursue an ideal heart, there will always be a day for us to succeed.

That day, I go to the bookstore from a pile of world famous works of selected a very thin book called the catcher in the rye, I picked up the book, I didnt think so thin a book on my produce so much influence, make me deeply, I think this book form and the contents are quite good.

America is a fairly chaos in the 1950s, the period of the war has not been cleared the cold war, a cloud of smoke and rapid development of science and technology plays. On the one hand, and on the other hand, people lack of ideal, depression, oneself are faint change in the social background, the unexamined life. Then, "collapse generation" appeared, holden is one player, smoking, drinking too much, not aspirant, but he was still not reduced to drugs, social position, because in his heart, always have beautiful and distant ideal - do a "the catcher in the rye".

We live in a country, this era is in great reformation, everything in the process of changing development. In some sense, this with the 1950s American really some alike. Social progress, peoples thought also is in produce change, many people start confusion, depression, they gradually forgotten my ideals, no initial enthusiasm, began to yearn for mediocrity.

We are a group of life in the new era of children, nature has been used to confusion and annoyance, but we should concentrate on certain ahead of us, our road, we should be a group of ideal is ambitious. If holden without his pure ideal, that he might fall off the end, is his ideal let him survive. Ideal is the beacon, it takes people into the future, and into the light. Our life is just beginning, though life let our generation some confusion and uncertainty, but all but is temporary, not can be in the past, we now need most, it is our ideal.

Yes, there is an ideal there is hope, hope it is tomorrow, tomorrow will be more beautiful!

麦田里的守望者毕业论文依据

毕业论文，泛指专科毕业论文、本科毕业论文（学士学位毕业论文）、硕士研究生毕业论文（硕士学位论文）、博士研究生毕业论文（博士学位论文）等，即需要在学业完成前写作并提交的论文，是教学或科研活动的重要组成部分之一。其主要目的是培养学生综合运用所学知识和技能，理论联系实际，独立分析，解决实际问题的能力，使学生得到从事本专业工作和进行相关的基本训练。其主要目的是培养学生综合运用所学知识和技能，理论联系实际，独立分析，解决实际问题的能力，使学生得到从事本专业工作和进行相关的基本训练。毕业论文应反映出作者能够准确地掌握所学的专业基础知识，基本学会综合运用所学知识进行科学研究的方法，对所研究的题目有一定的心得体会，论文题目的范围不宜过宽，一般选择本学科某一重要问题的一个侧面。毕业论文的基本教学要求是：1、培养学生综合运用、巩固与扩展所学的基础理论和专业知识，培养学生独立分析、解决实际问题能力、培养学生处理数据和信息的能力；2、培养学生正确的理论联系实际的工作作风，严肃认真的科学态度；3、培养学生进行社会调查研究；文献资料收集、阅读和整理、使用；提出论点、综合论证、总结写作等基本技能。毕业论文是毕业生总结性的独立作业，是学生运用在校学习的基本知识和基础理论，去分析、解决一两个实际问题的实践锻炼过程，也是学生在校学习期间学习成果的综合性总结，是整个教学活动中不可缺少的重要环节。撰写毕业论文对于培养学生初步的科学研究能力，提高其综合运用所学知识分析问题、解决问题能力有着重要意义。毕业论文在进行编写的过程中，需要经过开题报告、论文编写、论文上交评定、论文答辩以及论文评分五个过程，其中开题报告是论文进行的最重要的一个过程，也是论文能否进行的一个重要指标。

守护需要守护的东西，做一个麦田里的守望者。