英语课堂互动纠错论文开题报告
高中英语教学论文开题报告
毕业论文题目： 高中英语词汇教学的研究开题报告
研究课题的意义
词汇是语言重要的组成部分之一。一种语言靠它的词汇，按照一定的语法规则，组成有意义的语篇。词汇的重要性正如Wilkins(1972)指出的那样：“ Without grammer ,many things can’t be conveyed . But without vocabulary, nothing can be conveyed ”。对于高中生来说，掌握所学语言的词汇，是提高外语水平的一个重要方面。
然而，目前的高中英语新教材，尤其是我们使用的北师大版英语教材，与以前的人教版相比最大的的变化就是词汇量的大大增加，每个单元需要识记生词的数量平均都在200个左右，甚至有的单词只有在大学一二年级才出现的，也出现在了高中课本上这无疑增加了词汇学习的难度。同时词汇学习对多数学生，尤其是对我们农村高中生
来说是一个难点，一个拦路虎，在很大程度上制约了英语成绩的提高。许多学生都为记单词而苦恼：要么记不住，即使记住了，也是记得快忘得快。
学生的英语成绩的分化往往也是从词汇而且部分学生因词汇量的增加而产生厌学英语的情绪。在批改作业(特别是书面表达)时，我们也会发现学生单词拼写错误较多。当问到学生为什么英语考试成绩不好的原因时，得到的回答往往是：生词太多，读不懂，不会写。
因此，迫切需要我们教师解决学生词汇学习难的问题。我将和我的组员们一起研究高中词汇的教学。希望我们英语教学有帮助.
那么英语老师如何进行词汇教学，激发学生记单词的兴趣，帮助学生轻松地记住并运用所学的单词呢?
下面我将我们前段的初步研究作以下汇报：
一、 教师和学生都要明确和树立这样一种理念，即教材词汇量大，是通往英语自由王国 的必由之路，是社会发展的需要，新课标的要求，更是高考取得高分的法宝.
众所周知，词汇是构成语言的三大要素(语音，词汇，语法)之一，是语言的'建筑材料。离开了词汇，语言就失去了实际意义，“大量的语言输入本身就是第二外语习得的重要条件之一。”英语的词汇量大，而且随着社会的发展、科技的进步、每天都有很多词汇扩充进去。新课标对高中生提出了更高的要求。在英语高考中，如果想脱颖而出，具丰富的词汇量必定占有极大的优势。
二 目前学生在记单词和教师在词汇教学中存在的问题
学生存在的问题：
单词记不住，背了就忘，主要是平时接触英语少，一词多义不了解，读音不准，有的学生还是死记单词，还是机械式的记忆。平时背的英语作文，也是刚背过就忘，而且不会把背过的句子灵活运用。此外，对一些基本的构词法不太熟悉和重视。即时背过了部分单词，由于阅读量太少，按《英语课程标准》，高中毕业生的阅读量除教材应达到36万以上，，大部分学生远远没达到这个标准，所以不能彻底掌握词汇。
教师存在的问题：
认为学生只有记住课文中出现的所有单词才能达到教材的要求，未能对单词进行分层教学。认为学生能力有限，不敢放手让学生记忆单词。或者把词汇记忆完全停留在学生的自发学习的阶段，把单词记忆的任务完全交给学生，缺乏对学生词汇学习和记忆方法和策略的指导等
针对以上问题，我们初步做一些教学方法的研究：
一、 游戏教学法
把游戏引入英语课堂，使教学形式多样化，有利于培养中学生学习英语的兴趣，提高学习效率和教学效果。词汇教学游戏能有效防止学生疲劳或产生厌烦心理，有利于创造和谐的课堂其气氛，让学生在轻松愉快的感觉中领会和掌握词汇。词汇教学游戏必须具备知识性、科学性、趣味性和竞争性等特征。从活动的形式看，词汇教学游戏涉及听、说、读、写。教师应从实际出发，科学的设计各种游戏。如猜谜游戏、将相关的词配对、给名词配上适当的形容词、单词竞赛、填词游戏等，力求生动活泼，使学生积极参与。
2.联想教学法
联想能帮助人们记忆，可以做到举一反三，把旧知识联系起来，达到温故而知新。联想可以采用步步深入的方法，先从单词的语音、词形联想，继而来呢想到词与词之间的结构搭配，最后过渡到语义联想、文化联想等。
相关联想：学习taste这个词，便联想起其它与感官有关的系动词look(看起来)。Smell(闻起来)，feel(摸起来)等。学习词组a quantity of 就会联想起许多意思相同或详尽的词组。如 plenty of , a supply of , a lot of ,a great deal of 等词组，同时海联想到这些词的相似的用法。
对比联想：例如：open-close ,pass-fail ,present-
alrsent等。在某些固定成语或谚语中，反义词的应用更是不胜枚举：now and then ; More haste, less speed; long lament.
形象联想：这种记忆方法的核心是通过联想将一些本身相互无内在联系的单词和头脑里另外一些鲜明、生动、奇特的形象结合起来，从而达到记忆的目的。
3.直观教学法
直观教学通常采用如下方法：
(1)实物法。实物是最直观的教具之一，它能唤起学生的注意力，激发学生的兴趣。在高中英语教材中，像dessert, gift, photograph等很多单词可利用实物进行直观教学。这样就可以建立起单词与实物的直观联系，使教学真实形象，给学生留下深刻印象。
(2)图示法。在讲授一些难以理解的抽象名词时，如果能够借助图片，简笔画教学，则可以起到很好的教学小火。
4.语境教学法
大多数英语单词不仅只有一个意思，一词同义、多义甚至反义的现象非常普遍。一个词的意义总是和其他的词相结合而存在，没有语境就很难确定他的指称。学习词汇的目的是为了运用词汇，并能正确运用到语言表达中，在英语教学中营造一定的语言情景。使学生宛如置于一种真实的语言环境之中，就能使学生自然而然地使用所学词汇来表达他们的思想感情，从而达到生动活泼的课堂上有效学习词汇的目的 。
5.文化联想教学法
文化语境是指某一语言社团特定的社会规范和习俗，包括当时政治、历史、哲学、民俗等思想文化意识。文化语境对词语的含义有重要作用。新课程标准把文化意识列为基础教育阶英语课程的主要目标之一。因此，对词汇的文化内涵意义的讲授是高中英语词汇教学中必不可少的重要内容。英语教师应转变观念，在词汇教学中不再仅仅留在词汇的音、形、义的层面上，而应该注重传授词汇的文化内涵，做到音形义和文化内涵四者相结合。
在新课程标准下，教师一定要根据所教的教材内容和学生的实际状况，采取灵活多样的教学方法没把英语教学法的一些相关理论运用到教学实践中，用理论指导实践，用实践充实理论。以便探索出许多行之有效的教学方法，不断提高自身的业务素质。
今后研究的方向：
今后我们会就教师怎样分层教授词汇以及学生怎样记忆词汇进行深入探讨。
争取在词汇教学中能有重大突破。
英语论文开题报告范文参考
下面是一篇由我为您整理的英语论文的开题报告范文，虽然不是特别好，但也反应了开题报告的格式和写法，有一定的.借鉴价值。
Function and Application of Descriptive Translation Studies
1 Introduction
The intention of this study is to explore possible advantages of Descriptive Translation Studies as in its application in translation practice and translation analysis.
Since early 20th century, translation studies gradually broke away from the marginal status within other related disciplines and established itself as an empirical science. From then on, schools of thought have kept coming out and each claims its legitimacy for existence. Among these schools is Descriptive Translation Studies (DTS).
DTS approaches translation from an empirical perspective. Translation is viewed to be a social activity having significant importance in the receiving culture and for the target community. Therefore, translation is dealt with beyond the linguistic realization and language comparison, and is incorporated in social and cultural context.
My attention was first directed to DTS by its peculiar characteristic of observation, description and explanation. The subject is whatever happens in translation practice, from the determination of prospective function of translation to the process of translator’s choice of strategies, brainstorming and the revision, to the final product making appearance in the target community.
The method of DTS is basically descriptive. The prescriptive tendency and the problem-solution pattern is abandoned. Translation phenomena are noted down. With accumulated data, some underlying truths about translation will come out which will prove to be instructive not only for theoretical probe but also for applied translation practice. I will apply this descriptive method in the case study of this thesis.
A convenient tool has been set up to conduct DTS. “Norm” is operative at every stage of description and explanation. Function, process and product and their relationship as well are skeletal structure of what constitute descriptive studies. Translation phenomena are accounted for with the help of norm.
The case taken in this thesis is the Chinese classic The Dream of Red Mansions. Two English versions translated respectively by Yang Hsien-yi and David Hawks are compared and observations are made in regard to their translation approaches.
In this regard, my observations are limited to several aspects, I hope in-depth observation and explanation will done in light of DTS.
2 Outline
Development and major concepts of DTS
In this part I will describe Holms’ basic map of DTS and the relationship between function, process and product. I will also discuss some important concepts such as pseudo-translation, multiple translation, translationese, norm etc.
Methodolgy
I will in this part discuss the methodology of DTS before I apply the same to the case study in this thesis with emphasis to be placed on semiotic approach and the concept norm.
DTS in contrast to other theories
A contrast study will be conducted here with the objective to find the difference of DTS from other theories such as equivalence theory and the Chinese Xin Da Ya criteria. Some advantage will possibly be shown in this study.
Case study
In this part, translation of The Dream of Red Mansions (also translated as The Story of The Stone) will be under investigation in light of DTS. Translation samples to be quoted here will be selected at random.
Conclusion
Based on the above elaboration of DTS and the case study, possible conclusion will be on the advantage of DTS in specific study of translation. Suggestions on further research efforts will be made also.
(Note: While the topic will remain the same, the above arrangement of contents is subject to change in the process of writing.)
附录1- 引文范例
“It is therefore pointless to try to make TC more scientific than is sensible in view of its complex subject-matter and available methods. Translating is a mental, multi-factorial activity which cannot exhaustively be investigated within a linguistic framework ignoring the person of the translator.”(Wilss, 1982: 217)
“噢，这就是恐水病吧?你们贵族圈子怎么流行起这种病来啦?真够呛的!费芬斯小姐，您喝点茶大概没关系吧!”’(张南峰，1990：59-60)
附录2- 参考文献范例
Wilss, Wolfram. The Science of Translation – Problems and Methods. Gunter Narr Verlag Tubingen,1982.
Newmark, Peter. A Textbook of Translation. New York: Prentice Hall, 1988.
Delabastita, Dirk. Translating Puns: A false Opposition in Translation Studies. Target, 1991(3:2):137-152.
初中英语课堂互动论文
初中英语课堂互动教学中存在的问题和解决对策分析论文
互动教学是初中英语课堂上的重要构成元素， 初中英语教师必须给予足够的重视。 互动教学不仅包含师生之间的交流与互动，也包含学生之间的学习交流、互动性学习。 此种教学模式符合当前教育教学方式，尊重学生课堂的主体地位，改变了传统灌输式教学模式的低效乏味，提高了英语课堂上学生的合作团结能力，锻炼了学生的英语表达和应用能力。 下面笔者分析一下当前英语课堂互动教学存在的一些问题并提出相应的对策。
一、当前初中英语互动教学中存在的一些问题
(一)课堂上喜欢强调教师的权威
初中英语课堂上实施的互动教学应该是在平等民主的情况下进行师生互动和生生互动， 可是很多的英语教师在教学的时候喜欢强调自己的权威， 这在一定程度上可以让学生对教师保持一种敬畏感， 可是这必然会让学生受到一定的影响而让互动效果下降。 比如， 英语教师在课堂上提问后许多学生没有勇气举手回答，又比如，学生在英语课堂上学习的过程中不敢提出心中所想的问题。 造成这些情况的主要原因就是学生多年臣服于英语教师标准答案的权威之下， 不敢鼓起勇气进行反抗，使得英语整节课都显得沉闷无味，这就很难进行所谓的互动教学。
(二)课堂氛围不够活跃
英语是初中学生必学的语言学科， 而只要是语言学科， 就必须多说多练才能够学会学好，才能够有所收获，英语课堂上教师和学生以及学生之间使用英语实施沟通与交流，才能够快速提高学生的英语素质水平和英语交流能力，因此，在课堂上实施互动教学非常必要。 可是受传统因素的影响，目前一些英语课堂上仍然是以教师的教为重点， 以英语教师的讲授为主要的教学方式， 基本上没有顾及学生个性的需求和年龄特点， 没有对英语课堂上互动教学给予足够的.关注， 深深地压抑和限制了学生对英语的热情和兴趣， 这种情况会促使英语教学课堂没有活跃的气氛。
(三) 英语课堂上学生没有互动学习的态度
因为学生在学习英语的过程中受到各种因素的影响，例如，学生的英语基础、理解能力、学习兴趣、记忆能力、教师授课方式、学生的性格特点等等，让很多学生不能够在喜爱学习英语的过程中建立和养成良好的互动学习习惯和态度。 究其原因是初中生对于英语知识的掌握和学习动机比较感性，理性思维此时的发展还不够成熟，对于英语的学习在一定程度上完全是根据自己的喜好来进行学习，因此，假如，一位学生对英语学习完全失去了自信，或者特别讨厌本班英语教师的授课方法，这就使得这位学生不能够主动进入到英语互动教学过程中。 另一方面，一些学生在课堂互动的时候表现得特别谦逊，因此，不能够主动回答英语教师的提问，心里担心被其他同学看成是有意表现和炫耀卖弄，此种情况也是导致互动环节冷场的主要原因。
二、提高初中英语课堂上互动教学水平的对策
初中英语教师要想真正进行互动教学，遵循当前课改的要求， 有效提高英语课堂的效率， 就一定要在英语课前制定好完美合理的互动教学策略， 给学生学习英语创造一个愉快、轻松、兴奋的互动氛围，努力创设多种多样的英语互动教学方式， 真正实现高效英语课堂，让学生能够一节课有一节课的收获。
(一)英语教师要在课前精心设计问题 ，激发学生互动兴趣
日常的教学活动中最为常见的师生互动活动就是教师提问学生回答，而互动环节是否精彩以及学生参与积极性是否高直接决定于教师所提的问题是否具有吸引力，假如教师经常提出一些无效问题，或者是比较乏味的问题，时间一长学生就会失去回答英语问题的兴趣，在互动环节参与度就会逐渐降低。 反之如果英语教师在课前能够精心设计问题，让问题可以环环相扣，并且问题具有趣味性、吸引性、提高性和思维性，就能够在英语互动环节调动起学生学习的积极性和参与度， 能够使学生更好地融入课堂，提升学生学习英语的效率。 另一方面，英语问答互动这一办法不用仅仅局限于英语课堂上的师生问答，可以将之延伸。 比如，可以进行学生和学生之间的问答，提的问题也可以不限于课内，也可以扩充到课外，使学生逐渐养成问答和提问的习惯，进而帮助学生形成爱思考的好习惯，让问答环节成为学生成长中的重要构成部分。
(二)教师与学生要重视角色上的转变
我们知道一个人在自然环境中学习外语是最理想和合理的学习方法，可是一节课的时间毕竟有限，不能将大把的时间花在自然氛围和英语学习环境的塑造上，如果英语教师在授课的过程中长时间处于主导地位，那么一定会缩短学生在课堂上学习英语和交流英语的时间，使学生丧失作为英语学习者的主体地位。 因此，英语教师必须要注意师生之间角色的转变，英语教师要尽量当好引导者的角色，不要做课堂的主体，要把主体地位还给学生，关注学生课堂上的学习状态，调动学生学习英语的积极性，在互动的过程中必须要注重学生的主体地位，提升学生学习英语的兴趣，最终帮助学生提高英语学习效率。
(三)丰富互动教学的内容与形式 ， 活跃课堂互动氛围
初中学生正是心理和身体成长的重要阶段，也是英语学习的关键时期，但是因为其年龄特征，极易被外界环境干扰到他们的学习积极性，因此，初中英语教师一定要科学设计多样化的互动教学方式，不断满足初中学生对英语学习的渴望， 来提高教学效果。 英语教师也可以增添一些学生喜闻乐见的互动教学方法， 这样更容易被学生接受，学生也乐于参与其中， 使互动环节愉悦轻松，充分调动学生的学习积极性与热情。
(四)教师要重视对互动教学的管理
初中英语课堂在进行互动的过程中常常会遇到各种各样的问题，此时课堂上不仅需要一个传播知识的教师，更需要一个睿智的教师，来引导课堂掌控节奏，并且对于学生的学习进行科学的管理。 例如，在互动环节如果课堂的纪律非常涣散和混乱的话，英语教师就必须立刻将学生的注意力吸引过来，维持好班级的学习秩序，要能够冷静及时地发现问题和解决问题，使学生能够处于高效学习状态。互动教学可以吸引学生的注意力，提高学习的效率，能够很好地改变传统教学方式的弊端，能够符合课改精神和体现学生的主体地位。 初中英语教师要积极营造互动氛围，调动学生的积极性，培养学生的探究精神和创造思维，最终提高英语教学质量。
新课程下初中英语课堂情景创设教学策略探析论文
论文关键词：英语课堂 情境教学 自主学习 合作探究
论文摘要：新课程标准是以学生的发展为本，着重培养学生的创新精神和自主实践能力。英语情境教学的目的是倡导学生亲身体验参与，进入自主合作探究学习，重视学生英语口语交际和应用能力的培养，为了有效地培养学生的口语能力，在教学实践中我们应把英语教学与教师设置的一些情景结合起来，使学生有一种身临其境的感觉，学习到活的语言。从而能激发学生的学习兴趣，树立学习信心，从而实现英语教学的目的。
现行的中学英语教学由于缺乏语言环境，课堂40分钟的利用率如何，直接影响学生语言能力的提高和智力的开发。因此，应在初中英语的课堂教学中主动应用“情景创设”激发学生学习英语的兴趣，消除他们因为缺乏语言环境而产生的畏难心理，引导他们进行自主学习。
如何在初中英语课堂中有效地实施情境教学呢?
一、创设情景、引导学生进行自主学习
初中英语《goforit!》教材的内容将普及性、基础性、科学性、知识性、和灵活性融于一体，特别是任务型教学途径在教材中的运用，更让教师觉得新颖。教材对于提高学生综合运用语言的能力，促进教师更新观念、转变角色起着非常重要的作用。教材中的每一个话题，都为学生设置有不同的场景，这都为课堂教学的情景设置提供了极大的便利。如:要会用英语写“寻物启示”、“失物招领”、写字条、写广告、写信、发e一mail、写调查报告、给报社写文章、填表、写申请书、有烦恼如何倾诉、如何帮助朋友排优解难以及问路等等。让学生在模仿中体验、感知句型和对话，用具体的语言环境推动语感的形成，也便于学生边学边练，学用结合，使所学语言材料能够在运用中获得巩固和提高。加强外语学习主动性的培养，加强学生智力和个性的发展，以提高学生的全面发展，从而体现自主学习。
二、教师要发挥个人魅力，营造学习氛围
苏霍姆林斯基说过:“教师的语言修养在极大的程度上决定着学生在课堂上的脑力劳动的效率。”学生在学习第二语言时，难免有畏难情绪，害怕说错，说不好而羞于开口，特别是我们这里很多是乡下上来的孩子，小学基本上没有英语基础，这时，教师要多用些鼓励的、表扬的和积极的话语，为学生创设宽松的心理环境，营造积极的学习氛围。当学生听不懂时，教师可心领神会地想办法，如拿实物、肢体语言或用简单提示来帮助学生理解;当学生说错或说不出来时，教师应宽容地多加鼓励，要树立他们的学习信心，为学生今后有效地学习英语奠定基础。
一个教师的素质不仅在于他的专业知识和教育理论的深度，还应具备良好的人格魅力。才能涌现出爱的力量，教师就是传播爱的事业。俄国教育家乌申斯基说:“在教育工作中，一切都应该建立在教师的人格的基础上。因为只有从教师人格的活的源泉中才能涌现出教育的力量，没有教师对学生的直接的人格方面的影响，就不可能有深人性格的真正教育工作。只有人格能够影响人格的发展和形成。”课堂内外，教师都应满腔热情、关心和爱护学生。努力营造和谐、民主、合作、愉悦的学习氛围，调动学生学习的积极情感，建立师生之间和谐融拾的人际关系。这对培养学生乐学的良好心理素质和提高学习效率具有重要的'意义。
三、利用教材再现真实情境，引导学生进行合作探究学习
英语教学的最终目的是为了让学生能在现实生活中活学活用所学的语言知识进行交际。在课堂上创设情境学英语，归根结底是为了让学生能真正学会语言，并用它在现实生活中与他人交流。因此，课堂教学情境的创设要源于生活，又要回归生活，使学生在课堂教学情境反映的生活细节中去认识、学习、激发兴趣，从而加强学生对生活的关注和体验。再现课文内的情境，让学生在真实的情境中去感受语言，并用课堂所学的知识进行交流，谈论他们感兴趣的话题，用他们的生活经历来感受语言晴境，增加学生对事物的感性认识，感悟到知识源于实践又反过来指导实践。例如，新课程《goforit》八年级(上)第四单元:Howdoyougettoschool?这就是一个与学生现实生活紧密相联的问题。在这个单元中，我让学生四人一组，学生互相询问彼此上学所用的交通工具、所用的时间及所走的路程，由于与日常生活密切相联，学生热情非常的高。一节课下来，学生也把该掌握的句型理解到了。另外新课程每个单元都有pairwork,groupwork和games。同桌之间、小组之间互相交谈，互相讨论，既可以实现学生与学生之间的互动，也使每个学生都处于一种相对放松的心理状态，不用担心出错，非常有利于激活学生的思维，这些生活情景，不但增强活动的真实性和交际性，也提高了学生运用英语的水平，从而有效提高了课堂效率。
四、运用Flash等多媒体新技术展示情境.为学生提供逼真直观的情景
新课标指出:“英语课程要力求合理利用和积极开发课程资源，给学生提供贴近学生实际，贴近生活，贴近时代的内容健康和丰富的课程资源，要积极利用音像、电视、网络信息等丰富的教学资源，拓展学习和运用英语的渠道”。初中学生在思维特点上以形象思维为主。多媒体课件让英语通过图像、声音、视频、动画等多种形式呈现在学生面前，使枯燥的对话、语法知识变得直观化、具体化、形象化，能感染学生，使学生在学习的过程中保持注意力、情感、兴趣的良好状态，有效地激活英语课堂。运用多媒体等现代教育技术手段，可以真实而又立体地展现所学语言的情景和使用背景，使学生的视觉感受和听觉感受有机地结合起来，感受到纯正地道的英语，极大地弥补了课堂教学的不足。
在英语教学中运用情境教学，既能活跃课堂气氛，激发学生的学习兴趣，锻炼学生的语言能力，又能培养学生的思维能力和空间想象能力。使学生产生仿佛置身于英语世界的感觉，在轻松、愉快的环境中积极地学习，养成了良好的自主学习习惯。
综上所述，不论是培养学生自主学习还是探究学习，利用情景创设有助于提高学生学习的积极性和主动性，教师应理论联系实际，循序渐进，适时，适度地利用情境教学法，激发学生积极主动参与学习，以达到提高课堂效率又为学生减负的作用。
英语翻转课堂论文的开题报告
英语专业翻译方向论文开题报告范文
以下是由我整理的.英语专业翻译方向论文的开题报告范文，供大家参考!
How to Deal with Ellipsis in English-Chinese Translation
I. Purpose and Significance
With the development of globalization, the world’s political, economic and cultural communications are becoming increasingly frequent. Therefore, the role of translation cannot be ignored. However, the differences between English and Chinese cultures that are reflected in the two languages pose considerable difficulty.
It is acknowledged that when doing translation one can not translate word for word, or sentence by sentence. Therefore, we must use some translation strategies such as amplification, ellipsis, conversion and so on. Ellipsis as one of the basic translation methods plays an essential role in English-Chinese rendition. Translators apply it in order to make their versions more coherent and understandable.
According to the Oxford Advanced Learner’s English-Chinese Dictionary, ellipsis means leaving out a word or words from a sentence deliberately, when the meaning can be understood without them. Ellipsis in translation does not mean cutting some content from the original articles. What could be omitted are words that are useless in translated works or else they will make the versions redundant or disobey the manner of expression in another language.
Some words and phrases are useless in Chinese but necessary in English. Articles in English are the most significant phenomenon from this aspect. They are very important in English, but we can hardly see any reflection of this part in Chinese. Ellipsis is designed on the basis of faithfulness to the original text, making it more fluent, smooth, concise, thus conforming to idiomatic Chinese. The paper will explore ellipsis in English-Chinese translation from five aspects, which are ellipses of pronouns, conjunctions, articles, prepositions, modifications, so as to achieve smoother and clearer communications among China and English-speaking countries.
II. Literature Review
Long before, some people began to learn other countries’ languages to understand others cultures. In China, Xuanzang was the first translator who not only translated the Sanskrit sutras into Chinese, but introduced the first Chinese writings to foreign countries, making foreigners understand China’s ancient culture. Meanwhile, he was the first to translate Lao Tse's works into Sanskrit. Indian scholars had a high opinion of Xuanzang, "In China, there is no such great translator, and also in the human cultural history, we can only say that Xuanzang is the first great translator."(Ye Lang, 2008) We can say that it was Xuanzang who motivated people to know the different parts of the world, their cultures and the peoples who live there. Then, some big countries such as America, China, and so on became a melting pot.(Gu Zhengkun, 2000) People have imperceptibly spent thousands of years in knowing each other.
With China’s entry into WTO and its open-up policy, cross-cultural exchanges are increasingly frequent between this country and others. A lot of foreign tourists come to visit China. While traveling, these foreigners are not satisfied with the translations of the scenic spots. Sometimes, they even feel confused. A lot of problems exist in the translation, such as misuse of words, poor expression of meaning and so on. All of these poor translations do harm to our country’s international image, and cause a lot of inconveniences for the foreign visitors. (Ma Zuyi, 2000). I am fond of tourism and being a free tourist like the others who are good at enjoying their wonderful lives. The love of tourism makes me feel the need to improve the translation. But every time when I have a trip, many unsuitable translations of the names of those scenic spots will embarrass me. Tourism is part of intercultural communication, so proper translation of the scenic spots become more and more important to our country.
Communication plays a significant role in the globalized society. In order to know each other better, people from all over the world have tried a verity of ways. Of course, translation is one of them. All translators have done their best to make the translated works more consistent with the needs of people.(Gu Jinming, 1997) From my perspective, they really have done a great job. And I want to retrospect the cause of their development. After a thorough evaluation, I choose a branch of translation—ellipsis in translation from English to Chinese, then I did the following jobs.
I put all my researches and other stuffs together, and then I found that it is a common case in English and Chinese which draws much academic interest. In 1976, Halliday and Hsan classified ellipsis into nominal, verbal and clausal ellipsis. This classification exerts great influence in academic circle. Thereafter, ellipsis in Chinese and English has been studied according to this theory, which is based on different layers of structure. This kind of study underlines differentiations and similarities of ellipsis in Chinese and English.
Another famous theory to explain ellipsis is Economy Principle. Economy Principle was put forward by Chomsky (1991,1993, and 1995) in his Generate Crammer. It maintains that language and linguistic study follow Economy Principle, which means using the least effort to express the most information. This principle just coincides with ellipsis in function.
In this thesis, I think that brevity is the most obvious and common function of ellipsis, especially in daily language. And in both English and Chinese, people advocate brevity. Shakespeare once remarked, “brevity is the soul of wit”, and in Chinese there are numerous idioms like “yan jian yi gai” (meaning compendious). However, apart from the function of brevity, ellipsis embodies other functions which are also pretty common in the two languages but less noticed.(Hua Xianfa,2002)These functions distribute in both English and Chinese unevenly and represent great colorfulness of language. Exploring other functions of ellipsis and searching for functional recreation in translation will be of much benefit to both English to Chinese and Chinese to English translation.
I found that when Chinese authors try to analyse ellipsis in English to Chinese translation, they always initially put articles in the list. They consider that it is a common phenomenon that Chinese always leave out personal articles. While it is obviously different in English that almost every sentence has a subject, we can see articles fluently. That is because when we translate from English to Chinese, personal articles can be omitted, even though sometimes it may appear once, it can also be omitted if necessary. Furthermore, if the objects can be seen obviously, personal articles should also be omitted. However, it never happens in English. From this point, it is not only allowable but also necessary when we translate personal articles which are objects in sentences into Chinese.
In my point of view, the development of society has in some way has deliberately promoted the way of people’s thinking, translation system has become more and more perfect, people from all over the world have enjoyed the convenience. However, we can not neglect that there are still some problems in this field in China, and we have less influential Chinese translators in the world. Therefore, we still have a long way to go in translation.
III. Feasibility Analysis
This academic paper is a feasible project and the reasons are as follows:
have great interests in the way of English-Chinese translation.
have already studied translation methods and have been familiar with the functions and applications of ellipsis .
have collected enough references both Chinese and Western on ellipsis in
translation and do a scrupulous study of the relationship between them.
have a carefully planned schedule and have worked out a detailed outline of this thesis.
have acquainted myself with the correct format, a clear and complete structure required by the academic paper, and my adequate English competence will enable me to write in fluent and precise English.
instructor is a qualified translator who is familiar with the subject I havechosen.
IV. Problems of the research and solutions
1. Problems
Despite the references I have collected and read, a thorough study of ellipsis in English-Chinese translation from the point of freely using still needs far more. What’s more, owing to the limited ways of getting references in Xinjiang, I will have to make full use of my present resources. Also, this is the first time I have ever written such a serious academic paper. I am therefore a learner and lack the needed training and experience.
2. Solutions
(1) I shall make full use of my already acquired references which come from books, magazines and the Internet as well.
(2) I shall value my own original thoughts and mainly rely on detailed analysis that I have read from the books which have closely idea with my purpose.
(3) When I have difficulties in the writing process, I shall consult my instructor and seek for help.
V. Necessary conditions
1. Our university and school of foreign languages have provided the basic study and research conditions and facilities, including books and journals in the library and reading rooms.
2. The Internet is another source of information and on the campus we have easy access to the Internet.
3. I have been assigned an instructor to guide me through the whole process of planning and writing.
VI. Outline
I. Introduction
A. A Brief Introduction of Ellipsis in Translation
B. What Should We Pay Attention to When Dealing with Ellipsis
C. The Reason Why Ellipsis Is So Widely Used in Translation
1. Chinese Expressions Are Much Briefer Than That of English
2. English Grammar Is Wee-Knit and Complete in Sentence Structure
II. The Principles of Ellipsis
A. Omitted Words Must Be Useless And Unnecessary in the Translated Works
B. The Meaning of the Omitted Words Is Implied in the Test
C. Omitted Words Which Are Self-Evident
Ш. The Functions and Applications of Ellipsis
A. The Coherence of the Meaning of Expression
B. The Coincidence of the Manner of Expression
1. Ellipsis of Articles
a. Ellipsis of Definite Articles
b. Ellipsis of Indefinite Articles
2. Ellipsis of Prepositions
3. Ellipsis of Pronouns
a. Ellipsis of Personal and Impersonal Pronouns
b. Ellipsis of Indefinite Pronouns
c. Ellipsis of Relative Pronouns
4. Ellipsis of Conjunctions
a. Ellipsis of Coordinating Conjunctions
b. Ellipsis of Subordinate Conjunctions
5. Ellipsis of Rhetoric
a. Ellipsis of Repeated Words
b. Ellipsis of Synonyms
英语未来课堂论文开题报告范文
英语专业翻译方向论文开题报告范文
以下是由我整理的.英语专业翻译方向论文的开题报告范文，供大家参考!
How to Deal with Ellipsis in English-Chinese Translation
I. Purpose and Significance
With the development of globalization, the world’s political, economic and cultural communications are becoming increasingly frequent. Therefore, the role of translation cannot be ignored. However, the differences between English and Chinese cultures that are reflected in the two languages pose considerable difficulty.
It is acknowledged that when doing translation one can not translate word for word, or sentence by sentence. Therefore, we must use some translation strategies such as amplification, ellipsis, conversion and so on. Ellipsis as one of the basic translation methods plays an essential role in English-Chinese rendition. Translators apply it in order to make their versions more coherent and understandable.
According to the Oxford Advanced Learner’s English-Chinese Dictionary, ellipsis means leaving out a word or words from a sentence deliberately, when the meaning can be understood without them. Ellipsis in translation does not mean cutting some content from the original articles. What could be omitted are words that are useless in translated works or else they will make the versions redundant or disobey the manner of expression in another language.
Some words and phrases are useless in Chinese but necessary in English. Articles in English are the most significant phenomenon from this aspect. They are very important in English, but we can hardly see any reflection of this part in Chinese. Ellipsis is designed on the basis of faithfulness to the original text, making it more fluent, smooth, concise, thus conforming to idiomatic Chinese. The paper will explore ellipsis in English-Chinese translation from five aspects, which are ellipses of pronouns, conjunctions, articles, prepositions, modifications, so as to achieve smoother and clearer communications among China and English-speaking countries.
II. Literature Review
Long before, some people began to learn other countries’ languages to understand others cultures. In China, Xuanzang was the first translator who not only translated the Sanskrit sutras into Chinese, but introduced the first Chinese writings to foreign countries, making foreigners understand China’s ancient culture. Meanwhile, he was the first to translate Lao Tse's works into Sanskrit. Indian scholars had a high opinion of Xuanzang, "In China, there is no such great translator, and also in the human cultural history, we can only say that Xuanzang is the first great translator."(Ye Lang, 2008) We can say that it was Xuanzang who motivated people to know the different parts of the world, their cultures and the peoples who live there. Then, some big countries such as America, China, and so on became a melting pot.(Gu Zhengkun, 2000) People have imperceptibly spent thousands of years in knowing each other.
With China’s entry into WTO and its open-up policy, cross-cultural exchanges are increasingly frequent between this country and others. A lot of foreign tourists come to visit China. While traveling, these foreigners are not satisfied with the translations of the scenic spots. Sometimes, they even feel confused. A lot of problems exist in the translation, such as misuse of words, poor expression of meaning and so on. All of these poor translations do harm to our country’s international image, and cause a lot of inconveniences for the foreign visitors. (Ma Zuyi, 2000). I am fond of tourism and being a free tourist like the others who are good at enjoying their wonderful lives. The love of tourism makes me feel the need to improve the translation. But every time when I have a trip, many unsuitable translations of the names of those scenic spots will embarrass me. Tourism is part of intercultural communication, so proper translation of the scenic spots become more and more important to our country.
Communication plays a significant role in the globalized society. In order to know each other better, people from all over the world have tried a verity of ways. Of course, translation is one of them. All translators have done their best to make the translated works more consistent with the needs of people.(Gu Jinming, 1997) From my perspective, they really have done a great job. And I want to retrospect the cause of their development. After a thorough evaluation, I choose a branch of translation—ellipsis in translation from English to Chinese, then I did the following jobs.
I put all my researches and other stuffs together, and then I found that it is a common case in English and Chinese which draws much academic interest. In 1976, Halliday and Hsan classified ellipsis into nominal, verbal and clausal ellipsis. This classification exerts great influence in academic circle. Thereafter, ellipsis in Chinese and English has been studied according to this theory, which is based on different layers of structure. This kind of study underlines differentiations and similarities of ellipsis in Chinese and English.
Another famous theory to explain ellipsis is Economy Principle. Economy Principle was put forward by Chomsky (1991,1993, and 1995) in his Generate Crammer. It maintains that language and linguistic study follow Economy Principle, which means using the least effort to express the most information. This principle just coincides with ellipsis in function.
In this thesis, I think that brevity is the most obvious and common function of ellipsis, especially in daily language. And in both English and Chinese, people advocate brevity. Shakespeare once remarked, “brevity is the soul of wit”, and in Chinese there are numerous idioms like “yan jian yi gai” (meaning compendious). However, apart from the function of brevity, ellipsis embodies other functions which are also pretty common in the two languages but less noticed.(Hua Xianfa,2002)These functions distribute in both English and Chinese unevenly and represent great colorfulness of language. Exploring other functions of ellipsis and searching for functional recreation in translation will be of much benefit to both English to Chinese and Chinese to English translation.
I found that when Chinese authors try to analyse ellipsis in English to Chinese translation, they always initially put articles in the list. They consider that it is a common phenomenon that Chinese always leave out personal articles. While it is obviously different in English that almost every sentence has a subject, we can see articles fluently. That is because when we translate from English to Chinese, personal articles can be omitted, even though sometimes it may appear once, it can also be omitted if necessary. Furthermore, if the objects can be seen obviously, personal articles should also be omitted. However, it never happens in English. From this point, it is not only allowable but also necessary when we translate personal articles which are objects in sentences into Chinese.
In my point of view, the development of society has in some way has deliberately promoted the way of people’s thinking, translation system has become more and more perfect, people from all over the world have enjoyed the convenience. However, we can not neglect that there are still some problems in this field in China, and we have less influential Chinese translators in the world. Therefore, we still have a long way to go in translation.
III. Feasibility Analysis
This academic paper is a feasible project and the reasons are as follows:
have great interests in the way of English-Chinese translation.
have already studied translation methods and have been familiar with the functions and applications of ellipsis .
have collected enough references both Chinese and Western on ellipsis in
translation and do a scrupulous study of the relationship between them.
have a carefully planned schedule and have worked out a detailed outline of this thesis.
have acquainted myself with the correct format, a clear and complete structure required by the academic paper, and my adequate English competence will enable me to write in fluent and precise English.
instructor is a qualified translator who is familiar with the subject I havechosen.
IV. Problems of the research and solutions
1. Problems
Despite the references I have collected and read, a thorough study of ellipsis in English-Chinese translation from the point of freely using still needs far more. What’s more, owing to the limited ways of getting references in Xinjiang, I will have to make full use of my present resources. Also, this is the first time I have ever written such a serious academic paper. I am therefore a learner and lack the needed training and experience.
2. Solutions
(1) I shall make full use of my already acquired references which come from books, magazines and the Internet as well.
(2) I shall value my own original thoughts and mainly rely on detailed analysis that I have read from the books which have closely idea with my purpose.
(3) When I have difficulties in the writing process, I shall consult my instructor and seek for help.
V. Necessary conditions
1. Our university and school of foreign languages have provided the basic study and research conditions and facilities, including books and journals in the library and reading rooms.
2. The Internet is another source of information and on the campus we have easy access to the Internet.
3. I have been assigned an instructor to guide me through the whole process of planning and writing.
VI. Outline
I. Introduction
A. A Brief Introduction of Ellipsis in Translation
B. What Should We Pay Attention to When Dealing with Ellipsis
C. The Reason Why Ellipsis Is So Widely Used in Translation
1. Chinese Expressions Are Much Briefer Than That of English
2. English Grammar Is Wee-Knit and Complete in Sentence Structure
II. The Principles of Ellipsis
A. Omitted Words Must Be Useless And Unnecessary in the Translated Works
B. The Meaning of the Omitted Words Is Implied in the Test
C. Omitted Words Which Are Self-Evident
Ш. The Functions and Applications of Ellipsis
A. The Coherence of the Meaning of Expression
B. The Coincidence of the Manner of Expression
1. Ellipsis of Articles
a. Ellipsis of Definite Articles
b. Ellipsis of Indefinite Articles
2. Ellipsis of Prepositions
3. Ellipsis of Pronouns
a. Ellipsis of Personal and Impersonal Pronouns
b. Ellipsis of Indefinite Pronouns
c. Ellipsis of Relative Pronouns
4. Ellipsis of Conjunctions
a. Ellipsis of Coordinating Conjunctions
b. Ellipsis of Subordinate Conjunctions
5. Ellipsis of Rhetoric
a. Ellipsis of Repeated Words
b. Ellipsis of Synonyms
英语论文开题报告范文参考
下面是一篇由我为您整理的英语论文的开题报告范文，虽然不是特别好，但也反应了开题报告的格式和写法，有一定的.借鉴价值。
Function and Application of Descriptive Translation Studies
1 Introduction
The intention of this study is to explore possible advantages of Descriptive Translation Studies as in its application in translation practice and translation analysis.
Since early 20th century, translation studies gradually broke away from the marginal status within other related disciplines and established itself as an empirical science. From then on, schools of thought have kept coming out and each claims its legitimacy for existence. Among these schools is Descriptive Translation Studies (DTS).
DTS approaches translation from an empirical perspective. Translation is viewed to be a social activity having significant importance in the receiving culture and for the target community. Therefore, translation is dealt with beyond the linguistic realization and language comparison, and is incorporated in social and cultural context.
My attention was first directed to DTS by its peculiar characteristic of observation, description and explanation. The subject is whatever happens in translation practice, from the determination of prospective function of translation to the process of translator’s choice of strategies, brainstorming and the revision, to the final product making appearance in the target community.
The method of DTS is basically descriptive. The prescriptive tendency and the problem-solution pattern is abandoned. Translation phenomena are noted down. With accumulated data, some underlying truths about translation will come out which will prove to be instructive not only for theoretical probe but also for applied translation practice. I will apply this descriptive method in the case study of this thesis.
A convenient tool has been set up to conduct DTS. “Norm” is operative at every stage of description and explanation. Function, process and product and their relationship as well are skeletal structure of what constitute descriptive studies. Translation phenomena are accounted for with the help of norm.
The case taken in this thesis is the Chinese classic The Dream of Red Mansions. Two English versions translated respectively by Yang Hsien-yi and David Hawks are compared and observations are made in regard to their translation approaches.
In this regard, my observations are limited to several aspects, I hope in-depth observation and explanation will done in light of DTS.
2 Outline
Development and major concepts of DTS
In this part I will describe Holms’ basic map of DTS and the relationship between function, process and product. I will also discuss some important concepts such as pseudo-translation, multiple translation, translationese, norm etc.
Methodolgy
I will in this part discuss the methodology of DTS before I apply the same to the case study in this thesis with emphasis to be placed on semiotic approach and the concept norm.
DTS in contrast to other theories
A contrast study will be conducted here with the objective to find the difference of DTS from other theories such as equivalence theory and the Chinese Xin Da Ya criteria. Some advantage will possibly be shown in this study.
Case study
In this part, translation of The Dream of Red Mansions (also translated as The Story of The Stone) will be under investigation in light of DTS. Translation samples to be quoted here will be selected at random.
Conclusion
Based on the above elaboration of DTS and the case study, possible conclusion will be on the advantage of DTS in specific study of translation. Suggestions on further research efforts will be made also.
(Note: While the topic will remain the same, the above arrangement of contents is subject to change in the process of writing.)
附录1- 引文范例
“It is therefore pointless to try to make TC more scientific than is sensible in view of its complex subject-matter and available methods. Translating is a mental, multi-factorial activity which cannot exhaustively be investigated within a linguistic framework ignoring the person of the translator.”(Wilss, 1982: 217)
“噢，这就是恐水病吧?你们贵族圈子怎么流行起这种病来啦?真够呛的!费芬斯小姐，您喝点茶大概没关系吧!”’(张南峰，1990：59-60)
附录2- 参考文献范例
Wilss, Wolfram. The Science of Translation – Problems and Methods. Gunter Narr Verlag Tubingen,1982.
Newmark, Peter. A Textbook of Translation. New York: Prentice Hall, 1988.
Delabastita, Dirk. Translating Puns: A false Opposition in Translation Studies. Target, 1991(3:2):137-152.
英语未来课堂论文开题报告模板
一篇优秀的英语论文离不开开题报告的撰写。那么，如何写好开题报告成为同学们非常苦恼的问题。下面是学术堂分享的英文论文开题报告的写作技巧：1、开题报告的一般内容课题来源、开题依据和背景情况，课题研究目的以及理论意义和实际应用价值。文献综述。在阅读规定文献量(不少于50篇，其中外文文献占40%以上)的基础上，着重阐述该研究课题国内外的研究现状及发展动态，同时介绍查阅文献的范围以及查阅方式、手段。主要研究内容。包括学术构思、研究方法、关键技术、技术路线、实施方案、可行性分析、研究中可能遇到的难点、解决的方法和措施以及预期目标。拟采用的实验手段，所需科研和实验条件，估计课题工作量和所需经费，研究工作进度计划。主要参考文献，列出至少10篇所查阅参考的文献。2、写好开题报告的技巧提出问题注意“层次”在提出问题时，要以“内行”看得懂的术语和明确的逻辑来表述。选题来源包括：与自己实际工作或科研工作相关的、较为熟悉的问题;自己从事的专业。问题发展迅速，需要综合评价;反映本学科的新理论、新技术或新动向的题目。所选题目不宜过大，越具体越容易收集资料，从某一个侧面入手，容易深入。瞄准主流文献，随时整理文献资料是撰写好学术论文的基础。选择文献时应选择本学科的核心期刊、经典著作等，要注意所选文献的代表性、可靠性及科学性;选择文献应先看近期的(近3～5年)，后看远期的，广泛阅读资料，有必要时还应找到有关文献所引用的原文阅读，在阅读时，注意做好读书卡片或读书笔记。整理资料时，要注意按照问题来组织文献资料，写文献综述时不是将看过的资料都罗列和陈述出来，而是要按照一定的思路将其提炼出来。只有这样，才能写出好的文献综述，也才能写出好的开题报告，进而为写出好的论文打下基础。3、研究目标具体而不死板一般开题报告都要求明确学位论文的研究目标，但笔者认为，研究目标不宜规定得太死板，这是因为，即使条件一定，目标是偏高还是偏低，往往难于准确判断，研究工作本身，涉及求知因素，各个实验室条件不同，具体研究时条件也不同。学位论文选题和研究目标体现了研究工作的价值特征。
开题报告，老师一般会给模板，还要看你题目是什么。这是我的开题报告，你参考一下吧。课题名称An Analysis of the Different Cultural Connotations of Color Words between English and Chinese试析颜色词的中英文化内涵差异课题来源Self-Selected and Approved by the Tutor一、课题背景及意义 （课题的立题依据及研究意义）Research Background:A language not only expresses facts, ideas, or events which represent similar world knowledge by its people, but also reflects the people’s attitudes, beliefs, and world outlooks etc. People of different cultures structure the world around them differently, at least in the language they use to describe that world. Languages differ enormously from one another, and these differences are related to important differences in the customs and behaviors and other aspects of the cultures in which those language reside. In a word, language is a mirror of we learn a new word we tend to look for its meaning in the word itself. Yet in addition to its dictionary meanings, the same word may stir up different associations in people, because of cultural differences. In our daily life, color words are the common illustrations of the cultural differences in language use. In Chinese and English cultures, color words are in the same way influenced by cultures, and used widely in people’s daily Significance:As the differences between Eastern and Western cultures led to the understanding of the color words are not the same . Color words contain a lot of deep meaning, implies a different ethnic feelings. If we do not take into account the impact of cultural differences, we are difficult to understand the implicit meaning of color words. The significance of this thesis is to enable a better understanding of color words, in order to enhance communication skills, avoid conflict of cultures.二、课题研究现状及发展趋势 （课题研究领域的发展现状及可能的发展方向）Research Status:Study of color words has long attracted linguists’ attention. The bright lights of the objective world and for humankind as a whole are the same, but the national language or in different books of different ages or different geographical dialects often be found to have different understanding about color words. This concentrated and fully prove that language is the result of human cognition to understand and express the objective world, different groups of people in cognitive understanding and expression of the world, due to the different natural environment, social life, cultural traditions. Study of color words in different languages between the similarities and differences. The same object can look at how the differences in cognitive terms showing similarities and differences between how the social and cultural differences and further expansion of the semantic differences, which for the cognitive linguistics, comparative linguistics and culture, linguistics, and on second language teaching of applied linguistics has an important significance..Research Tendency:21st century’s color words study should stress the originality on research based on the achievements of the previous scholars, domestic or abroad. The study should keep track of the latest development of color words, making breakthrough, upgrading the research quality.三、研究内容及研究目标 （对研究的内容进行说明，并阐明要达到的目标）Research Contents:A. Cultural Connotations of Black and Reflections in Idioms1．Positive Connotations and Their Reflections in Black Is Associated With the Solemn and the Black Is Associated With Black Is Associated With the Black People2. Negative Connotations and Their Reflections in Black Is Associated With the Black Is Associated With the Evil and Black Is Associated With the Shame and Black Is Associated With AngerB. Cultural Connotations of White and Reflections in Idioms1. Positive Connotations and Their Reflections in White Is Associated With the Pure and White Is Associated With Integrity and Honesty2. Negative Connotations and Reflections in White Is Associated With Death and White Is Associated With Worthless and TimidC. Cultural Connotations of Red and Reflections in Idioms1. Positive Connotations and Their Reflections in Red Is Associated With Honor and Love2. Negative Connotations and Their Reflections in Red is Associated with the Red Is Associated With Revolution and Red Is Associated With Danger and LossD. Cultural Connotations of Yellow and Reflections in Idioms1．Positive Connotations and Their Reflections in Yellow Is Associated With the Yellow Is Associated With the Joy and Missing2. Negative Connotations and Their Reflections in Yellow Is Associated With the Vulgar and Yellow Is Associated With the Coward and DiseaseResearch Objectives:I write this thesis in order to make English learners have a better understanding of the cultural meaning of color words and enhance communication skills, avoid conflict in Western culture.四、预计的研究难点 （课题研究过程中可能遇到的理论难题或技术难点）With the changing society, people have a view of things may have diametrically opposite point of view, how is the color of the word has become more authoritative to be a problem; how to get people to attach importance to the implied meaning of color words which may lead to cultural conflict is also a problem. As the color words in real life, the widely used, it is difficult in a paper summarizing, so how to form the color words of the formation of an effective system is a difficult. Possible problems also contain: (1) Limited availability of helpful data, especially the books or articles written by the native scholars; (2) Difficulty in the presentation of insightful ideas and the attainment in originality due to lack of the knowledge related.五、创新点 （选题、观点、理论、材料、方法等创新点）The English language is developing constantly, keeping absorbing more color words. What is new in my thesis is that I try to focus my study on color words in modern English, making the research keep pace with the times, with the latest development in loanwords.六、进度计划 （根据研究内容及研究目标所预计的进度安排）1. — , 2008 Subject selecting & topic narrowing2. — , 2008 Data gathering3. — , 2009 Opening report & detailed outline4. — , 2009 Literature review5. — , 2009 First draft6. — , 2009 Second draft7. — , 2009 Final version8. — May 14th, 2009 Printing9. May 17th — May 25th, 2009 Thesis debate七、资料来源 （指能够支持“课题背景”、“课题研究现状及发展趋势”所论述内容的主要文献资料）[1] Baugh, . & Thomas Cable. A History of the English Language [M]. Peking: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, 2001.[2] Eckersley, . Brighter English [M]. London: Longman, 1979.[3] Gill, R. Mastering English Literature [M]. London: Mac Millan Education, 1985.[4] Hornby, . Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English [Z]. London: Oxford University, 1974.[5] Knowles, G. A Cultural History of the English Language [M]. .: A Hodder Arnold Publication, 1997.[6] Lott, B. A Course in English Language and Literature [M]. .: Edward Arnold, 1989.[7] Lyons, J. Language and Linguistics [M]. London: Longman, 1981.[8] Wales, K. Northern English: A Social and Cultural History [M]. London: Cambridge University Press, 2006.[9] Wu Weizen. History and Anthology of English Literature [M]. Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, 2001.[10] Yang Yanhua & Zhang Shufan. Modern English Lexicology [M]. Peking: Metallurgical Industry Press, 2007.[11] 陈永烨．“英汉颜色词所表现的中西文化差异” [J]．《辽宁工程技术大学学报》，2005，(7)．[12] 戴炜栋,何兆熊.《新编简明英语语言学教程》[A].上海：上海外语出版社,2002.[13] 邓炎昌，刘润清．《语言与文化》[M]．北京：外语教学与研究出版社，1991．[14] 蒋栋元．“论颜色及颜色词的文化差异” [J]． 《四川外语学院学报》，2002，(3)．[15] 唐振华．“英汉颜色词的翻译” [J]．《中国科技翻译》，1997，(2).指导教师意见：（对课题的认可意见）指导教师年 月 日系（教研室）审查意见：系（教研室）主任：年 月 日
论文开题报告基本要素
各部分撰写内容
论文标题应该简洁，且能让读者对论文所研究的主题一目了然。
摘要是对论文提纲的总结，通常不超过1或2页，摘要包含以下内容：
目录应该列出所有带有页码的标题和副标题， 副标题应缩进。
这部分应该从宏观的角度来解释研究背景，缩小研究问题的范围，适当列出相关的参考文献。
这一部分不只是你已经阅读过的相关文献的总结摘要，而是必须对其进行批判性评论，并能够将这些文献与你提出的研究联系起来。
这部分应该告诉读者你想在研究中发现什么。在这部分明确地陈述你的研究问题和假设。在大多数情况下，主要研究问题应该足够广泛，而次要研究问题和假设则更具体，每个问题都应该侧重于研究的某个方面。
你是写本科论文吗？用英文写四五千字够了吧。开题报告就写你打算怎么开展论文就可以了，论文只要四五千字的话，开题就只要几百字足以，加上参考材料。第一部可以介绍英语标题，再罗列一些特点，比如简洁，用词新颖大胆，押韵，幽默等等。还可以再介绍一下造成这些特点的原因，从历史，经济，文化等角度。然后再列举一些标题产生歧义的例子，所产生的影响。举例的方式最好以历史发展进行推进。比如1930s，1950s,1990s以及现如21世纪。最后一部分就总结一下历史对标题的影响。这篇论文好写，就看你怎么举例了。最好能找到影响力大，具有代表性的。