英语未来课堂论文开题报告范文

英语专业翻译方向论文开题报告范文

以下是由我整理的.英语专业翻译方向论文的开题报告范文，供大家参考!

How to Deal with Ellipsis in English-Chinese Translation

I. Purpose and Significance

With the development of globalization, the world’s political, economic and cultural communications are becoming increasingly frequent. Therefore, the role of translation cannot be ignored. However, the differences between English and Chinese cultures that are reflected in the two languages pose considerable difficulty.

It is acknowledged that when doing translation one can not translate word for word, or sentence by sentence. Therefore, we must use some translation strategies such as amplification, ellipsis, conversion and so on. Ellipsis as one of the basic translation methods plays an essential role in English-Chinese rendition. Translators apply it in order to make their versions more coherent and understandable.

According to the Oxford Advanced Learner’s English-Chinese Dictionary, ellipsis means leaving out a word or words from a sentence deliberately, when the meaning can be understood without them. Ellipsis in translation does not mean cutting some content from the original articles. What could be omitted are words that are useless in translated works or else they will make the versions redundant or disobey the manner of expression in another language.

Some words and phrases are useless in Chinese but necessary in English. Articles in English are the most significant phenomenon from this aspect. They are very important in English, but we can hardly see any reflection of this part in Chinese. Ellipsis is designed on the basis of faithfulness to the original text, making it more fluent, smooth, concise, thus conforming to idiomatic Chinese. The paper will explore ellipsis in English-Chinese translation from five aspects, which are ellipses of pronouns, conjunctions, articles, prepositions, modifications, so as to achieve smoother and clearer communications among China and English-speaking countries.

II. Literature Review

Long before, some people began to learn other countries’ languages to understand others cultures. In China, Xuanzang was the first translator who not only translated the Sanskrit sutras into Chinese, but introduced the first Chinese writings to foreign countries, making foreigners understand China’s ancient culture. Meanwhile, he was the first to translate Lao Tse's works into Sanskrit. Indian scholars had a high opinion of Xuanzang, "In China, there is no such great translator, and also in the human cultural history, we can only say that Xuanzang is the first great translator."(Ye Lang, 2008) We can say that it was Xuanzang who motivated people to know the different parts of the world, their cultures and the peoples who live there. Then, some big countries such as America, China, and so on became a melting pot.(Gu Zhengkun, 2000) People have imperceptibly spent thousands of years in knowing each other.

With China’s entry into WTO and its open-up policy, cross-cultural exchanges are increasingly frequent between this country and others. A lot of foreign tourists come to visit China. While traveling, these foreigners are not satisfied with the translations of the scenic spots. Sometimes, they even feel confused. A lot of problems exist in the translation, such as misuse of words, poor expression of meaning and so on. All of these poor translations do harm to our country’s international image, and cause a lot of inconveniences for the foreign visitors. (Ma Zuyi, 2000). I am fond of tourism and being a free tourist like the others who are good at enjoying their wonderful lives. The love of tourism makes me feel the need to improve the translation. But every time when I have a trip, many unsuitable translations of the names of those scenic spots will embarrass me. Tourism is part of intercultural communication, so proper translation of the scenic spots become more and more important to our country.

Communication plays a significant role in the globalized society. In order to know each other better, people from all over the world have tried a verity of ways. Of course, translation is one of them. All translators have done their best to make the translated works more consistent with the needs of people.(Gu Jinming, 1997) From my perspective, they really have done a great job. And I want to retrospect the cause of their development. After a thorough evaluation, I choose a branch of translation—ellipsis in translation from English to Chinese, then I did the following jobs.

I put all my researches and other stuffs together, and then I found that it is a common case in English and Chinese which draws much academic interest. In 1976, Halliday and Hsan classified ellipsis into nominal, verbal and clausal ellipsis. This classification exerts great influence in academic circle. Thereafter, ellipsis in Chinese and English has been studied according to this theory, which is based on different layers of structure. This kind of study underlines differentiations and similarities of ellipsis in Chinese and English.

Another famous theory to explain ellipsis is Economy Principle. Economy Principle was put forward by Chomsky (1991,1993, and 1995) in his Generate Crammer. It maintains that language and linguistic study follow Economy Principle, which means using the least effort to express the most information. This principle just coincides with ellipsis in function.

In this thesis, I think that brevity is the most obvious and common function of ellipsis, especially in daily language. And in both English and Chinese, people advocate brevity. Shakespeare once remarked, “brevity is the soul of wit”, and in Chinese there are numerous idioms like “yan jian yi gai” (meaning compendious). However, apart from the function of brevity, ellipsis embodies other functions which are also pretty common in the two languages but less noticed.(Hua Xianfa,2002)These functions distribute in both English and Chinese unevenly and represent great colorfulness of language. Exploring other functions of ellipsis and searching for functional recreation in translation will be of much benefit to both English to Chinese and Chinese to English translation.

I found that when Chinese authors try to analyse ellipsis in English to Chinese translation, they always initially put articles in the list. They consider that it is a common phenomenon that Chinese always leave out personal articles. While it is obviously different in English that almost every sentence has a subject, we can see articles fluently. That is because when we translate from English to Chinese, personal articles can be omitted, even though sometimes it may appear once, it can also be omitted if necessary. Furthermore, if the objects can be seen obviously, personal articles should also be omitted. However, it never happens in English. From this point, it is not only allowable but also necessary when we translate personal articles which are objects in sentences into Chinese.

In my point of view, the development of society has in some way has deliberately promoted the way of people’s thinking, translation system has become more and more perfect, people from all over the world have enjoyed the convenience. However, we can not neglect that there are still some problems in this field in China, and we have less influential Chinese translators in the world. Therefore, we still have a long way to go in translation.

III. Feasibility Analysis

This academic paper is a feasible project and the reasons are as follows:

have great interests in the way of English-Chinese translation.

have already studied translation methods and have been familiar with the functions and applications of ellipsis .

have collected enough references both Chinese and Western on ellipsis in

translation and do a scrupulous study of the relationship between them.

have a carefully planned schedule and have worked out a detailed outline of this thesis.

have acquainted myself with the correct format, a clear and complete structure required by the academic paper, and my adequate English competence will enable me to write in fluent and precise English.

instructor is a qualified translator who is familiar with the subject I havechosen.

IV. Problems of the research and solutions

1. Problems

Despite the references I have collected and read, a thorough study of ellipsis in English-Chinese translation from the point of freely using still needs far more. What’s more, owing to the limited ways of getting references in Xinjiang, I will have to make full use of my present resources. Also, this is the first time I have ever written such a serious academic paper. I am therefore a learner and lack the needed training and experience.

2. Solutions

(1) I shall make full use of my already acquired references which come from books, magazines and the Internet as well.

(2) I shall value my own original thoughts and mainly rely on detailed analysis that I have read from the books which have closely idea with my purpose.

(3) When I have difficulties in the writing process, I shall consult my instructor and seek for help.

V. Necessary conditions

1. Our university and school of foreign languages have provided the basic study and research conditions and facilities, including books and journals in the library and reading rooms.

2. The Internet is another source of information and on the campus we have easy access to the Internet.

3. I have been assigned an instructor to guide me through the whole process of planning and writing.

VI. Outline

I. Introduction

A. A Brief Introduction of Ellipsis in Translation

B. What Should We Pay Attention to When Dealing with Ellipsis

C. The Reason Why Ellipsis Is So Widely Used in Translation

1. Chinese Expressions Are Much Briefer Than That of English

2. English Grammar Is Wee-Knit and Complete in Sentence Structure

II. The Principles of Ellipsis

A. Omitted Words Must Be Useless And Unnecessary in the Translated Works

B. The Meaning of the Omitted Words Is Implied in the Test

C. Omitted Words Which Are Self-Evident

Ш. The Functions and Applications of Ellipsis

A. The Coherence of the Meaning of Expression

B. The Coincidence of the Manner of Expression

1. Ellipsis of Articles

a. Ellipsis of Definite Articles

b. Ellipsis of Indefinite Articles

2. Ellipsis of Prepositions

3. Ellipsis of Pronouns

a. Ellipsis of Personal and Impersonal Pronouns

b. Ellipsis of Indefinite Pronouns

c. Ellipsis of Relative Pronouns

4. Ellipsis of Conjunctions

a. Ellipsis of Coordinating Conjunctions

b. Ellipsis of Subordinate Conjunctions

5. Ellipsis of Rhetoric

a. Ellipsis of Repeated Words

b. Ellipsis of Synonyms

英语论文开题报告范文参考

下面是一篇由我为您整理的英语论文的开题报告范文，虽然不是特别好，但也反应了开题报告的格式和写法，有一定的.借鉴价值。

Function and Application of Descriptive Translation Studies

1 Introduction

The intention of this study is to explore possible advantages of Descriptive Translation Studies as in its application in translation practice and translation analysis.

Since early 20th century, translation studies gradually broke away from the marginal status within other related disciplines and established itself as an empirical science. From then on, schools of thought have kept coming out and each claims its legitimacy for existence. Among these schools is Descriptive Translation Studies (DTS).

DTS approaches translation from an empirical perspective. Translation is viewed to be a social activity having significant importance in the receiving culture and for the target community. Therefore, translation is dealt with beyond the linguistic realization and language comparison, and is incorporated in social and cultural context.

My attention was first directed to DTS by its peculiar characteristic of observation, description and explanation. The subject is whatever happens in translation practice, from the determination of prospective function of translation to the process of translator’s choice of strategies, brainstorming and the revision, to the final product making appearance in the target community.

The method of DTS is basically descriptive. The prescriptive tendency and the problem-solution pattern is abandoned. Translation phenomena are noted down. With accumulated data, some underlying truths about translation will come out which will prove to be instructive not only for theoretical probe but also for applied translation practice. I will apply this descriptive method in the case study of this thesis.

A convenient tool has been set up to conduct DTS. “Norm” is operative at every stage of description and explanation. Function, process and product and their relationship as well are skeletal structure of what constitute descriptive studies. Translation phenomena are accounted for with the help of norm.

The case taken in this thesis is the Chinese classic The Dream of Red Mansions. Two English versions translated respectively by Yang Hsien-yi and David Hawks are compared and observations are made in regard to their translation approaches.

In this regard, my observations are limited to several aspects, I hope in-depth observation and explanation will done in light of DTS.

2 Outline

Development and major concepts of DTS

In this part I will describe Holms’ basic map of DTS and the relationship between function, process and product. I will also discuss some important concepts such as pseudo-translation, multiple translation, translationese, norm etc.

Methodolgy

I will in this part discuss the methodology of DTS before I apply the same to the case study in this thesis with emphasis to be placed on semiotic approach and the concept norm.

DTS in contrast to other theories

A contrast study will be conducted here with the objective to find the difference of DTS from other theories such as equivalence theory and the Chinese Xin Da Ya criteria. Some advantage will possibly be shown in this study.

Case study

In this part, translation of The Dream of Red Mansions (also translated as The Story of The Stone) will be under investigation in light of DTS. Translation samples to be quoted here will be selected at random.

Conclusion

Based on the above elaboration of DTS and the case study, possible conclusion will be on the advantage of DTS in specific study of translation. Suggestions on further research efforts will be made also.

(Note: While the topic will remain the same, the above arrangement of contents is subject to change in the process of writing.)

附录1- 引文范例

“It is therefore pointless to try to make TC more scientific than is sensible in view of its complex subject-matter and available methods. Translating is a mental, multi-factorial activity which cannot exhaustively be investigated within a linguistic framework ignoring the person of the translator.”(Wilss, 1982: 217)

“噢，这就是恐水病吧?你们贵族圈子怎么流行起这种病来啦?真够呛的!费芬斯小姐，您喝点茶大概没关系吧!”’(张南峰，1990：59-60)

附录2- 参考文献范例

Wilss, Wolfram. The Science of Translation – Problems and Methods. Gunter Narr Verlag Tubingen,1982.

Newmark, Peter. A Textbook of Translation. New York: Prentice Hall, 1988.

Delabastita, Dirk. Translating Puns: A false Opposition in Translation Studies. Target, 1991(3:2):137-152.

英语未来课堂论文开题报告模板

一篇优秀的英语论文离不开开题报告的撰写。那么，如何写好开题报告成为同学们非常苦恼的问题。下面是学术堂分享的英文论文开题报告的写作技巧：1、开题报告的一般内容课题来源、开题依据和背景情况，课题研究目的以及理论意义和实际应用价值。文献综述。在阅读规定文献量(不少于50篇，其中外文文献占40%以上)的基础上，着重阐述该研究课题国内外的研究现状及发展动态，同时介绍查阅文献的范围以及查阅方式、手段。主要研究内容。包括学术构思、研究方法、关键技术、技术路线、实施方案、可行性分析、研究中可能遇到的难点、解决的方法和措施以及预期目标。拟采用的实验手段，所需科研和实验条件，估计课题工作量和所需经费，研究工作进度计划。主要参考文献，列出至少10篇所查阅参考的文献。2、写好开题报告的技巧提出问题注意“层次”在提出问题时，要以“内行”看得懂的术语和明确的逻辑来表述。选题来源包括：与自己实际工作或科研工作相关的、较为熟悉的问题;自己从事的专业。问题发展迅速，需要综合评价;反映本学科的新理论、新技术或新动向的题目。所选题目不宜过大，越具体越容易收集资料，从某一个侧面入手，容易深入。瞄准主流文献，随时整理文献资料是撰写好学术论文的基础。选择文献时应选择本学科的核心期刊、经典著作等，要注意所选文献的代表性、可靠性及科学性;选择文献应先看近期的(近3～5年)，后看远期的，广泛阅读资料，有必要时还应找到有关文献所引用的原文阅读，在阅读时，注意做好读书卡片或读书笔记。整理资料时，要注意按照问题来组织文献资料，写文献综述时不是将看过的资料都罗列和陈述出来，而是要按照一定的思路将其提炼出来。只有这样，才能写出好的文献综述，也才能写出好的开题报告，进而为写出好的论文打下基础。3、研究目标具体而不死板一般开题报告都要求明确学位论文的研究目标，但笔者认为，研究目标不宜规定得太死板，这是因为，即使条件一定，目标是偏高还是偏低，往往难于准确判断，研究工作本身，涉及求知因素，各个实验室条件不同，具体研究时条件也不同。学位论文选题和研究目标体现了研究工作的价值特征。

开题报告，老师一般会给模板，还要看你题目是什么。这是我的开题报告，你参考一下吧。课题名称An Analysis of the Different Cultural Connotations of Color Words between English and Chinese试析颜色词的中英文化内涵差异课题来源Self-Selected and Approved by the Tutor一、课题背景及意义（课题的立题依据及研究意义）Research Background:A language not only expresses facts, ideas, or events which represent similar world knowledge by its people, but also reflects the people’s attitudes, beliefs, and world outlooks etc. People of different cultures structure the world around them differently, at least in the language they use to describe that world. Languages differ enormously from one another, and these differences are related to important differences in the customs and behaviors and other aspects of the cultures in which those language reside. In a word, language is a mirror of we learn a new word we tend to look for its meaning in the word itself. Yet in addition to its dictionary meanings, the same word may stir up different associations in people, because of cultural differences. In our daily life, color words are the common illustrations of the cultural differences in language use. In Chinese and English cultures, color words are in the same way influenced by cultures, and used widely in people’s daily Significance:As the differences between Eastern and Western cultures led to the understanding of the color words are not the same . Color words contain a lot of deep meaning, implies a different ethnic feelings. If we do not take into account the impact of cultural differences, we are difficult to understand the implicit meaning of color words. The significance of this thesis is to enable a better understanding of color words, in order to enhance communication skills, avoid conflict of cultures.二、课题研究现状及发展趋势（课题研究领域的发展现状及可能的发展方向）Research Status:Study of color words has long attracted linguists’ attention. The bright lights of the objective world and for humankind as a whole are the same, but the national language or in different books of different ages or different geographical dialects often be found to have different understanding about color words. This concentrated and fully prove that language is the result of human cognition to understand and express the objective world, different groups of people in cognitive understanding and expression of the world, due to the different natural environment, social life, cultural traditions. Study of color words in different languages between the similarities and differences. The same object can look at how the differences in cognitive terms showing similarities and differences between how the social and cultural differences and further expansion of the semantic differences, which for the cognitive linguistics, comparative linguistics and culture, linguistics, and on second language teaching of applied linguistics has an important significance..Research Tendency:21st century’s color words study should stress the originality on research based on the achievements of the previous scholars, domestic or abroad. The study should keep track of the latest development of color words, making breakthrough, upgrading the research quality.三、研究内容及研究目标（对研究的内容进行说明，并阐明要达到的目标）Research Contents:A. Cultural Connotations of Black and Reflections in Idioms1．Positive Connotations and Their Reflections in Black Is Associated With the Solemn and the Black Is Associated With Black Is Associated With the Black People2. Negative Connotations and Their Reflections in Black Is Associated With the Black Is Associated With the Evil and Black Is Associated With the Shame and Black Is Associated With AngerB. Cultural Connotations of White and Reflections in Idioms1. Positive Connotations and Their Reflections in White Is Associated With the Pure and White Is Associated With Integrity and Honesty2. Negative Connotations and Reflections in White Is Associated With Death and White Is Associated With Worthless and TimidC. Cultural Connotations of Red and Reflections in Idioms1. Positive Connotations and Their Reflections in Red Is Associated With Honor and Love2. Negative Connotations and Their Reflections in Red is Associated with the Red Is Associated With Revolution and Red Is Associated With Danger and LossD. Cultural Connotations of Yellow and Reflections in Idioms1．Positive Connotations and Their Reflections in Yellow Is Associated With the Yellow Is Associated With the Joy and Missing2. Negative Connotations and Their Reflections in Yellow Is Associated With the Vulgar and Yellow Is Associated With the Coward and DiseaseResearch Objectives:I write this thesis in order to make English learners have a better understanding of the cultural meaning of color words and enhance communication skills, avoid conflict in Western culture.四、预计的研究难点（课题研究过程中可能遇到的理论难题或技术难点）With the changing society, people have a view of things may have diametrically opposite point of view, how is the color of the word has become more authoritative to be a problem; how to get people to attach importance to the implied meaning of color words which may lead to cultural conflict is also a problem. As the color words in real life, the widely used, it is difficult in a paper summarizing, so how to form the color words of the formation of an effective system is a difficult. Possible problems also contain: (1) Limited availability of helpful data, especially the books or articles written by the native scholars; (2) Difficulty in the presentation of insightful ideas and the attainment in originality due to lack of the knowledge related.五、创新点（选题、观点、理论、材料、方法等创新点）The English language is developing constantly, keeping absorbing more color words. What is new in my thesis is that I try to focus my study on color words in modern English, making the research keep pace with the times, with the latest development in loanwords.六、进度计划（根据研究内容及研究目标所预计的进度安排）1. — , 2008 Subject selecting & topic narrowing2. — , 2008 Data gathering3. — , 2009 Opening report & detailed outline4. — , 2009 Literature review5. — , 2009 First draft6. — , 2009 Second draft7. — , 2009 Final version8. — May 14th, 2009 Printing9. May 17th — May 25th, 2009 Thesis debate七、资料来源（指能够支持“课题背景”、“课题研究现状及发展趋势”所论述内容的主要文献资料）[1] Baugh, . & Thomas Cable. A History of the English Language [M]. Peking: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, 2001.[2] Eckersley, . Brighter English [M]. London: Longman, 1979.[3] Gill, R. Mastering English Literature [M]. London: Mac Millan Education, 1985.[4] Hornby, . Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English [Z]. London: Oxford University, 1974.[5] Knowles, G. A Cultural History of the English Language [M]. .: A Hodder Arnold Publication, 1997.[6] Lott, B. A Course in English Language and Literature [M]. .: Edward Arnold, 1989.[7] Lyons, J. Language and Linguistics [M]. London: Longman, 1981.[8] Wales, K. Northern English: A Social and Cultural History [M]. London: Cambridge University Press, 2006.[9] Wu Weizen. History and Anthology of English Literature [M]. Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, 2001.[10] Yang Yanhua & Zhang Shufan. Modern English Lexicology [M]. Peking: Metallurgical Industry Press, 2007.[11] 陈永烨．“英汉颜色词所表现的中西文化差异” [J]．《辽宁工程技术大学学报》，2005，(7)．[12] 戴炜栋,何兆熊.《新编简明英语语言学教程》[A].上海：上海外语出版社,2002.[13] 邓炎昌，刘润清．《语言与文化》[M]．北京：外语教学与研究出版社，1991．[14] 蒋栋元．“论颜色及颜色词的文化差异” [J]．《四川外语学院学报》，2002，(3)．[15] 唐振华．“英汉颜色词的翻译” [J]．《中国科技翻译》，1997，(2).指导教师意见：（对课题的认可意见）指导教师年月日系（教研室）审查意见：系（教研室）主任：年月日

论文开题报告基本要素

各部分撰写内容

论文标题应该简洁，且能让读者对论文所研究的主题一目了然。

摘要是对论文提纲的总结，通常不超过1或2页，摘要包含以下内容：

目录应该列出所有带有页码的标题和副标题，副标题应缩进。

这部分应该从宏观的角度来解释研究背景，缩小研究问题的范围，适当列出相关的参考文献。

这一部分不只是你已经阅读过的相关文献的总结摘要，而是必须对其进行批判性评论，并能够将这些文献与你提出的研究联系起来。

这部分应该告诉读者你想在研究中发现什么。在这部分明确地陈述你的研究问题和假设。在大多数情况下，主要研究问题应该足够广泛，而次要研究问题和假设则更具体，每个问题都应该侧重于研究的某个方面。

你是写本科论文吗？用英文写四五千字够了吧。开题报告就写你打算怎么开展论文就可以了，论文只要四五千字的话，开题就只要几百字足以，加上参考材料。第一部可以介绍英语标题，再罗列一些特点，比如简洁，用词新颖大胆，押韵，幽默等等。还可以再介绍一下造成这些特点的原因，从历史，经济，文化等角度。然后再列举一些标题产生歧义的例子，所产生的影响。举例的方式最好以历史发展进行推进。比如1930s，1950s,1990s以及现如21世纪。最后一部分就总结一下历史对标题的影响。这篇论文好写，就看你怎么举例了。最好能找到影响力大，具有代表性的。

英语翻转课堂论文的开题报告

英语专业翻译方向论文开题报告范文

以下是由我整理的.英语专业翻译方向论文的开题报告范文，供大家参考!

How to Deal with Ellipsis in English-Chinese Translation

I. Purpose and Significance

II. Literature Review

III. Feasibility Analysis

This academic paper is a feasible project and the reasons are as follows:

have great interests in the way of English-Chinese translation.

have already studied translation methods and have been familiar with the functions and applications of ellipsis .

have collected enough references both Chinese and Western on ellipsis in

translation and do a scrupulous study of the relationship between them.

have a carefully planned schedule and have worked out a detailed outline of this thesis.

instructor is a qualified translator who is familiar with the subject I havechosen.

IV. Problems of the research and solutions

1. Problems

2. Solutions

(1) I shall make full use of my already acquired references which come from books, magazines and the Internet as well.

(2) I shall value my own original thoughts and mainly rely on detailed analysis that I have read from the books which have closely idea with my purpose.

(3) When I have difficulties in the writing process, I shall consult my instructor and seek for help.

V. Necessary conditions

1. Our university and school of foreign languages have provided the basic study and research conditions and facilities, including books and journals in the library and reading rooms.

2. The Internet is another source of information and on the campus we have easy access to the Internet.

3. I have been assigned an instructor to guide me through the whole process of planning and writing.

VI. Outline

I. Introduction

A. A Brief Introduction of Ellipsis in Translation

B. What Should We Pay Attention to When Dealing with Ellipsis

C. The Reason Why Ellipsis Is So Widely Used in Translation

1. Chinese Expressions Are Much Briefer Than That of English

2. English Grammar Is Wee-Knit and Complete in Sentence Structure

II. The Principles of Ellipsis

A. Omitted Words Must Be Useless And Unnecessary in the Translated Works

B. The Meaning of the Omitted Words Is Implied in the Test

C. Omitted Words Which Are Self-Evident

Ш. The Functions and Applications of Ellipsis

A. The Coherence of the Meaning of Expression

B. The Coincidence of the Manner of Expression

1. Ellipsis of Articles

a. Ellipsis of Definite Articles

b. Ellipsis of Indefinite Articles

2. Ellipsis of Prepositions

3. Ellipsis of Pronouns

a. Ellipsis of Personal and Impersonal Pronouns

b. Ellipsis of Indefinite Pronouns

c. Ellipsis of Relative Pronouns

4. Ellipsis of Conjunctions

a. Ellipsis of Coordinating Conjunctions

b. Ellipsis of Subordinate Conjunctions

5. Ellipsis of Rhetoric

a. Ellipsis of Repeated Words

b. Ellipsis of Synonyms

英语课堂互动纠错论文开题报告

高中英语教学论文开题报告

毕业论文题目：高中英语词汇教学的研究开题报告

研究课题的意义

词汇是语言重要的组成部分之一。一种语言靠它的词汇，按照一定的语法规则，组成有意义的语篇。词汇的重要性正如Wilkins(1972)指出的那样：“ Without grammer ,many things can’t be conveyed . But without vocabulary, nothing can be conveyed ”。对于高中生来说，掌握所学语言的词汇，是提高外语水平的一个重要方面。

然而，目前的高中英语新教材，尤其是我们使用的北师大版英语教材，与以前的人教版相比最大的的变化就是词汇量的大大增加，每个单元需要识记生词的数量平均都在200个左右，甚至有的单词只有在大学一二年级才出现的，也出现在了高中课本上这无疑增加了词汇学习的难度。同时词汇学习对多数学生，尤其是对我们农村高中生

来说是一个难点，一个拦路虎，在很大程度上制约了英语成绩的提高。许多学生都为记单词而苦恼：要么记不住，即使记住了，也是记得快忘得快。

学生的英语成绩的分化往往也是从词汇而且部分学生因词汇量的增加而产生厌学英语的情绪。在批改作业(特别是书面表达)时，我们也会发现学生单词拼写错误较多。当问到学生为什么英语考试成绩不好的原因时，得到的回答往往是：生词太多，读不懂，不会写。

因此，迫切需要我们教师解决学生词汇学习难的问题。我将和我的组员们一起研究高中词汇的教学。希望我们英语教学有帮助.

那么英语老师如何进行词汇教学，激发学生记单词的兴趣，帮助学生轻松地记住并运用所学的单词呢?

下面我将我们前段的初步研究作以下汇报：

一、教师和学生都要明确和树立这样一种理念，即教材词汇量大，是通往英语自由王国的必由之路，是社会发展的需要，新课标的要求，更是高考取得高分的法宝.

众所周知，词汇是构成语言的三大要素(语音，词汇，语法)之一，是语言的'建筑材料。离开了词汇，语言就失去了实际意义，“大量的语言输入本身就是第二外语习得的重要条件之一。”英语的词汇量大，而且随着社会的发展、科技的进步、每天都有很多词汇扩充进去。新课标对高中生提出了更高的要求。在英语高考中，如果想脱颖而出，具丰富的词汇量必定占有极大的优势。

二目前学生在记单词和教师在词汇教学中存在的问题

学生存在的问题：

单词记不住，背了就忘，主要是平时接触英语少，一词多义不了解，读音不准，有的学生还是死记单词，还是机械式的记忆。平时背的英语作文，也是刚背过就忘，而且不会把背过的句子灵活运用。此外，对一些基本的构词法不太熟悉和重视。即时背过了部分单词，由于阅读量太少，按《英语课程标准》，高中毕业生的阅读量除教材应达到36万以上，，大部分学生远远没达到这个标准，所以不能彻底掌握词汇。

教师存在的问题：

认为学生只有记住课文中出现的所有单词才能达到教材的要求，未能对单词进行分层教学。认为学生能力有限，不敢放手让学生记忆单词。或者把词汇记忆完全停留在学生的自发学习的阶段，把单词记忆的任务完全交给学生，缺乏对学生词汇学习和记忆方法和策略的指导等

针对以上问题，我们初步做一些教学方法的研究：

一、游戏教学法

把游戏引入英语课堂，使教学形式多样化，有利于培养中学生学习英语的兴趣，提高学习效率和教学效果。词汇教学游戏能有效防止学生疲劳或产生厌烦心理，有利于创造和谐的课堂其气氛，让学生在轻松愉快的感觉中领会和掌握词汇。词汇教学游戏必须具备知识性、科学性、趣味性和竞争性等特征。从活动的形式看，词汇教学游戏涉及听、说、读、写。教师应从实际出发，科学的设计各种游戏。如猜谜游戏、将相关的词配对、给名词配上适当的形容词、单词竞赛、填词游戏等，力求生动活泼，使学生积极参与。

2.联想教学法

联想能帮助人们记忆，可以做到举一反三，把旧知识联系起来，达到温故而知新。联想可以采用步步深入的方法，先从单词的语音、词形联想，继而来呢想到词与词之间的结构搭配，最后过渡到语义联想、文化联想等。

相关联想：学习taste这个词，便联想起其它与感官有关的系动词look(看起来)。Smell(闻起来)，feel(摸起来)等。学习词组a quantity of 就会联想起许多意思相同或详尽的词组。如 plenty of , a supply of , a lot of ,a great deal of 等词组，同时海联想到这些词的相似的用法。

对比联想：例如：open-close ,pass-fail ,present-

alrsent等。在某些固定成语或谚语中，反义词的应用更是不胜枚举：now and then ; More haste, less speed; long lament.

形象联想：这种记忆方法的核心是通过联想将一些本身相互无内在联系的单词和头脑里另外一些鲜明、生动、奇特的形象结合起来，从而达到记忆的目的。

3.直观教学法

直观教学通常采用如下方法：

(1)实物法。实物是最直观的教具之一，它能唤起学生的注意力，激发学生的兴趣。在高中英语教材中，像dessert, gift, photograph等很多单词可利用实物进行直观教学。这样就可以建立起单词与实物的直观联系，使教学真实形象，给学生留下深刻印象。

(2)图示法。在讲授一些难以理解的抽象名词时，如果能够借助图片，简笔画教学，则可以起到很好的教学小火。

4.语境教学法

大多数英语单词不仅只有一个意思，一词同义、多义甚至反义的现象非常普遍。一个词的意义总是和其他的词相结合而存在，没有语境就很难确定他的指称。学习词汇的目的是为了运用词汇，并能正确运用到语言表达中，在英语教学中营造一定的语言情景。使学生宛如置于一种真实的语言环境之中，就能使学生自然而然地使用所学词汇来表达他们的思想感情，从而达到生动活泼的课堂上有效学习词汇的目的。

5.文化联想教学法

文化语境是指某一语言社团特定的社会规范和习俗，包括当时政治、历史、哲学、民俗等思想文化意识。文化语境对词语的含义有重要作用。新课程标准把文化意识列为基础教育阶英语课程的主要目标之一。因此，对词汇的文化内涵意义的讲授是高中英语词汇教学中必不可少的重要内容。英语教师应转变观念，在词汇教学中不再仅仅留在词汇的音、形、义的层面上，而应该注重传授词汇的文化内涵，做到音形义和文化内涵四者相结合。

在新课程标准下，教师一定要根据所教的教材内容和学生的实际状况，采取灵活多样的教学方法没把英语教学法的一些相关理论运用到教学实践中，用理论指导实践，用实践充实理论。以便探索出许多行之有效的教学方法，不断提高自身的业务素质。

今后研究的方向：

今后我们会就教师怎样分层教授词汇以及学生怎样记忆词汇进行深入探讨。

争取在词汇教学中能有重大突破。

英语论文开题报告范文参考

下面是一篇由我为您整理的英语论文的开题报告范文，虽然不是特别好，但也反应了开题报告的格式和写法，有一定的.借鉴价值。

Function and Application of Descriptive Translation Studies

1 Introduction

The intention of this study is to explore possible advantages of Descriptive Translation Studies as in its application in translation practice and translation analysis.

In this regard, my observations are limited to several aspects, I hope in-depth observation and explanation will done in light of DTS.

2 Outline

Development and major concepts of DTS

Methodolgy

I will in this part discuss the methodology of DTS before I apply the same to the case study in this thesis with emphasis to be placed on semiotic approach and the concept norm.

DTS in contrast to other theories

Case study

Conclusion

(Note: While the topic will remain the same, the above arrangement of contents is subject to change in the process of writing.)

附录1- 引文范例

“噢，这就是恐水病吧?你们贵族圈子怎么流行起这种病来啦?真够呛的!费芬斯小姐，您喝点茶大概没关系吧!”’(张南峰，1990：59-60)

附录2- 参考文献范例

Wilss, Wolfram. The Science of Translation – Problems and Methods. Gunter Narr Verlag Tubingen,1982.

Newmark, Peter. A Textbook of Translation. New York: Prentice Hall, 1988.

Delabastita, Dirk. Translating Puns: A false Opposition in Translation Studies. Target, 1991(3:2):137-152.

未来体育课堂论文答辩

毕业论文答辩万能术语

毕业论文答辩万能术语，相信大家在自己的学校里面的时候都可能碰到过要写论文的情况，那么毕业论文的答辩大家都会吗，接下来就让我们一起来看看毕业论文答辩万能术语都有哪些话吧。

什么是答辩

教师资格证面试答辩环节是考官根据考生前15分钟的表现（5分钟结构化面试+10分钟试讲或演示），对考生教案设计各个环节（核心内容）或是关于教师职业理念的追问。

考查的内容一般包括：考生基本情况、考生对学科知识的了解，考生对课程设计的了解。

答辩万能模板

01考生基本情况类

这一部分主要是想了解一下考生的个人基本信息。考官主要会问考生的毕业院校、毕业专业、实习经历等。如：

你是什么专业的？

你是什么学校毕业的？

你有没有当过老师的经历呢？

碰到这种题目，很多资格面试者会有疑问：我不是师范院校的，也不是师范专业的，那我是不是要造假？我真实回答会不会直接被刷掉？当然不是，你是不是师范专业，考官一眼就能看出来。

所以，碰到这种题目，一定要真诚回答。

【答题参考】

各位老师，我毕业的学校是……/我的专业是……。我认为，在我学校/专业的学习过程中，我非常感谢有这么一段时间能非常快乐地在……里学习、生活。虽然我不是专业师范生出身，但是我觉得我的这一段经历让我成长了很多，收获了很多。比如，在……中，我收获到了……【结合专业/学校谈自己的收获心得】而恰恰是这一段时间，让我更加明确以后想做的就是教师。我想通过一己之力，把自己的时间奉献在讲台上。也许我并不是特别优秀，但是我够努力，我将在教师生涯中不断追赶他人。谢谢各位老师。

如果你是师范生，那就把自己最大的优势介绍出来，那就是你的独门秘诀了。

02学科知识类

这一部分主要是想了解一下你对该学科的看法或者学科的具体知识。如果自己不是专业的学科出身，可以结合你就学经历过程中该门学科授课教师对你的影响、教师的授课理念来谈。当然，也可以结合理论课或练习课中老师所提及的学科知识点加以阐述，也绝对是可以通过的。

如果真的触及到了你的知识盲区，就稍微坦诚一点，但关键还是要把自己的感受讲出来。来看几道考过的题目：

1、你如何处理字、词、句这三者之间的关系，在课堂上你是怎么去做的？【语文】

2、数学课上为什么不仅要“知其然”更要“知其所以然”？请谈谈对这句话的理解。【数学】

3、在英语教学中，有人说“听说”没有“读写”重要，你怎么看，有什么影响？【英语】

4、身为体育教师，在带队训练时，针对中小学的力量训练应该注重什么原则，为什么？【体育】

5、如何引导学生体验、品味不同风格的音乐作品？【音乐】

6、具象艺术和意象艺术有何异同？【美术】

7、内能在温度等于零时为零吗？【物理】

8、请用所学的化学知识解释烟花五彩缤纷的现象。【化学】

9、请简述减数分裂的主要特征。【生物】

10、劳动者如何依法维护自己的权益？【政治】

11、《辛丑条约》的签订对中国造成了什么影响，中国近代如何一步一步变成这样的？【历史】

12、请说明不同类型的日照图的判读方法？【地理】

13、在Word中，对文字内容进行编辑或修改，必须先选中，然后再操作。请说出几种常用的选择方法。【信息技术】

03课程设计理念类

这一部分主要考查的是你在本节课设计过程中的某教学环节的设置意图。考官这样提问就是想了解一下你的设计目的，可能是因为你的.设计内容存在不合理之处，他希望你能够意识到。碰到这种答辩题目的时候，不用过于担心，把你原本的设计目的讲出来即可。

【答题参考】

各位老师，说实话，我不是专业的学科出身，对于这门学科的理解可能比较浅薄。但是，我既然选择报考了这门学科，那就表示我想要突破这个学科，也会在今后的学习、工作生涯中不断努力，去收货更多的专业知识。

接下来，我将结合我的经历感受来谈一谈对这门学科的看法。首先，我认为……学科是一项掌握基本技能的学科，通过这门学科的学习，学生可以掌握……技能，以便于他们在实际生活中解决类似问题；其次，我认为，它也是一门掌握学习方法、提升学生……学科人文素养的学科。学科学习的最终目的就是为了运用到生活实际中，并对这门学科产生浓厚的……兴趣。【就自身理解谈学科】就像我现在花费很多精力考这门学科的教师资格证，就是因为喜爱这门学科，这是我最初的出发点，也是这门学科带来的最大魅力。虽然，我对这么门学科的专业知识了解不是很深入，但是请相信，一个愿意不断成长的老师必将带领学生一起进步。感谢各位老师。

注意：

如果考官直接点出来你的某个学科知识点是错误的，不要害羞或不敢面对。敢于面对错误是教师的基本素养。

答题如：

对不起，各位老师，刚才我提到的内容确实像各位老师所说的，存在一定错误，这是我的一个短板，我也很感谢考官提出这个问题，让我能够更加清楚地了解自己的不足之处，这也是对我的一种鞭策。我会在今后的学习工作中不断弥补自己的专业短板，提升自己的专业能力。

如果你是专业的师范生，可以阐述大学关于这门学科的学习所得，比如，学科性质、学科目标、学科评价、学科技能等。

答辩常用语

01考生基本情况类

1、各位老师，我毕业于……，我的专业是……。今天很高兴能够在这里参加面试，将自己展现在各位老师面前。

2、反思自己的表现，确实存在很多的不足之处。但是，正是因为这些不足，才能让我发现今后努力的方向，我也会努力改正这些问题，努力成为一名优秀的教师。

3、教师在我看来是一份充满幸福感的职业，也是一份让人充满活力的职业。我选择考教师资格证，是因为我真诚地热爱这份职业，愿意将这份工作作为自己的毕生追求。

4、虽然我不是专业的师范生出身，但是我认为这也是我的一个优势，我可以从外行看教育，去剖析教育，给我的教学注入不一样的魅力。

02学科知识类

1、对于老师刚才您提到的这个问题，我认为，……这门学科就是一项充满实用性、充满人文性的学科。一方面，这个学科可以让学生掌握知识后具体运用在自己的实际生活中；另一方面，也可以培养学生对于这门学科的兴趣爱好。

2、虽然我对这门学科不是很了解，是个门外汉。但是在我看来，这门学科是一个充满魅力的学科，我选择报考是源于对这门学科的爱好。这门学科中的……知识，都让人受益匪浅，所以，在学这门学科的时候，应该学会观察、学会探索、学会运用。

3、我认为这个内容主要的意思就是说……。而通过这个内容，可以让学生快速掌握……，了解……，领悟……，有助于学生的全面发展。

4、这个是该年级学生应该掌握的基本知识，也符合学生身心发展规律。学生通过学习这个内容，可以为之后的学习打下基础，也可以不断培养自身的学习爱好，促进对这门学科的热爱。

03课程设计理念类

1、我之所以这样设计，是因为我认为要遵循学生的认知规律，只有在学生已有知识的基础上，给予适当的辅助手段和方法，让学生得以顺利攀升，才能让学生达到……目标。

2、这种方法的运用，可以充分调动学生课堂学习的积极性，让学生在活动中运用知识、发现知识、探索知识，可以极大地发挥学生的主观能动性，让学生成为课堂的主人。

3、虽然这种方法的设计存在一定不足之处，但是我相信，只有不断摸索，才能找到更加适合不同类型学生的方法。教学有法，但教无定法。只要能够启发学生，那就是一个好的方法。我也愿意不断去摸索这些实用的教学方法。

4、通过多媒体展示的方法可以更加直观形象地呈现给学生相关的内容，让学生有直观印象，也便于学生更好地掌握与感受知识。

对答辨内容充分了解，毕业论文要图表穿插，语速要适中，目光要不断移动，要使用体态语辅助，要注意控制时间。大学答辩一般指的是毕业论文答辩，也就是指对某项课程设计或者毕业设计的最终检查。

在大学生体育消费论文答辩过程中,答辩委员会的老师们经常会提出的问有:1、你的毕业论文采用了哪些与本专业相关的研究方法?2、论文中的核心概念是什么?用你自己的话高度概括.3、你选题的缘由是什么?研究具有何种现实指导意义?4、论文中的核心概念怎样在你的文中体现?5、从反面的角度去思考:如果不按照你说的那样去做,结果又会怎样?6、论文的理论基础与主体框架存在何种关联?最主要的理论基础是什么?7、质性研究与访谈法、定性研究、定量研究、调查研究、实证研究的区别?8、经过你的研究,你认为结果会是怎样?有何正面或负面效果?9、你的论文基础何种研究视角?是管理学、教育学、心理学还是社会学视角?10、论文研究的对象是个体还是群体?是点的研究还是面的研究?11、研究的应然、实然、使然分别是什么?12、论文中的结论、建议或策略是否具有可行性和操作性?13、研究对象是否具有可比性?研究框架是否符合论文规范(而不是写书的逻辑)!14、自己为什么选择这个课题?15、研究这个课题的意义和目的是什么?16、全文的基本框架、基本结构是如何安排的?17、全文的各部分之间逻辑关系如何?18、在研究本课题的过程中,发现了那些不同见解?对这些不同的意见,自己是怎样逐步认识的?又是如何处理的?19、论文虽未论及,但与其较密切相关的问题还有哪些?20、还有哪些问题自己还没有搞清楚,在论文中论述得不够透彻?21、写作论文时立论的主要依据是什么?22、论文和系统有哪些不足之处?23、论文有何创新之处?