一篇研究论文的例子有哪些
一、自律[事实论据](1)梨虽无主，我心有主宋元之交，世道纷乱。一天，学者许衡外出，天气炎热，口渴难忍。路边正好有棵梨树，行人都去摘梨，惟独许衡不为所动。有人便问：“你何不摘梨解渴?”他回答：“不是自己的梨，岂能乱摘?”那人笑其迂腐：“世道这样乱．管它是谁的梨!”许衡正色道：“梨虽无主，我心有主。”(2)“天下廉吏第一”的于成龙清朝官员于成龙在生活上极其俭朴，江南百姓遂给他起了个外号为“干青菜”。他在任两江总督期间，有一知县给他呈送“中秋节礼”，被他严词拒绝，并特发(严禁馈送檄)。于成龙为了警诫自己，勉励下属，在大堂上悬联—幅：“累万盈千，尽是朝廷正赋，倘有侵斯，谁替你披枷带锁；—丝半粒，无非百姓脂膏，不加珍惜．怎晓得男盗妇娼。”因此，他为官几十年，真正做到了“清介自持．誓不受属员一亳馈送。”二、自豪[事实论据]1．“神舟五号”载人飞船顺利升空飞行后，我国将发射“神舟六号”载人飞船，实现多人同时上天飞行的梦想。同时，我国航天计划“嫦蛾工程”正在顺利进行，可以想见，不久的将来，中国人的足迹将留在月球上：2．当越来越多的中国体坛明星站在世界大赛领奖台上的时候，当五星红旗一次次冉冉升起的时候，我们越来越感受到当一名中国人的自豪。3．2004年2月25日，朝鲜核问题六方会谈在北京举行。——时间，北京成为国际注目的焦点，人们纷纷称赞中国扮演了调解国际纠纷的关键角色。三、惜时[事实论据]鲁迅先生是十分珍惜时间的，他“把别人喝咖啡的工夫用在写作上”，从而一生著作颇丰，成为一代文坛巨匠。著名数学家陈景润十分珍惜时间，他曾给自己拟订出一张工作时间表，把一天24小时的分分秒秒都充分利用起来。即使在路上走，也在读读背背，他的英文、俄文、法文、德文四门外语的单词，就是这样掌握的。四、合 作[寓言故事]俄国作家克雷洛夫讲过这样一个故事：一只龙虾，一只天鹅，一条梭鱼共同拉着一辆车，它们拉的很卖力，但龙虾使劲往土里爬，天鹅拼命往天上飞，梭鱼使尽全力往水里游，结果车子一步也走不动。足见虽然努力了，但没有合作，于也枉然。[神话传说]一天，上帝带一个传教士来到地狱，这儿的人围着一个盛满粥的大锅坐着，每人都有一把勺柄太长的勺子，谁都无法将食物送到自己的嘴里，只能挨饿。上帝和传教士又来到天堂，这里的人也是围着一口大锅，手里也拿着一把长柄勺子，看上去他们很快乐，上帝见传教士对此迷惑不解，便解释说：“这里的人都学会了喂对方。”[生活实例]一架波音747客机需要—万多个零部件，其中绝大部分来自世界各地的众多公司，特别是新加坡和韩国，中国也为其提供飞机的平衡尾翼。五、宽 容[事实论据]吕端大度 宋朝宰相吕端，一生宽厚多恕，别人冒犯了他，他从不介意．别人误会了他，或为了排挤他，到皇帝那里告他的状，他也不多加辩解，只是说：“吾直道而言，无所愧畏，风波之言不足虑也。”李斯特的学生 有个姑娘要开音乐会，在海报上谎说自己是李斯特的学生。演出前一天，李斯特出现在姑娘面前。姑娘惊恐万收，说冒称是出于生计，并请求宽恕。辛斯特要她把曲子弹给他听，并加以指点，最后爽快地说：“大胆地上合演奏，你现在已经是我的学生了。你可以告诉剧场经理，晚会再增加一个节目，由老师为学生演奏。”六、尊师[名人名言]I事实论据]程门立雪 宋代著名学者杨时，四十岁时拜程颐为师。一个下雪的中午，杨时和他的同学在读书时产生了疑问，便去请教程颐。当时，程颐正在午睡，他们便站在门口，静等老师醒来；待程颐醒后发现他们时，他们站的地方已在雪地里留下了深深的脚印。日本人尊师 日本人有尊师的传统，他们普遍认为教师是在为社会作自我牺牲；因此，当公共车辆上出现穿有“教师服”的乘客时，无论这个人年龄大小，其他乘客都会主动让座。这让教师们都有一种光荣感。七、追求[事实论据]左宗棠抬棺出征 1876年，65岁的左宗棠抬棺出征，誓与故人决一死战，一举收复天山南北，粉碎了英、俄侵略新疆的阴谋。他的居室有一副对联：“身无半亩地，心怀天下，读破万卷书，神交古人。”表现了将军的忘我追求。孙冶方不改追求 著名经济学家孙冶方文革期间遭受39次批斗，入狱7年，仍不改追求，至力于社会主义经济的研究，他撰写《社会主义经济论》，已写好的文章常常不翼而飞，前后共写了85遍，这种追求真理的精神令人钦佩。八、爱 国[事实论据]鲁迅三易其志我国著名的文坛巨匠鲁迅为了祖国三易其志。他先学采矿，希望实业报国，后改学医，欲救治民众于疾苦；面对一些中国人精神麻木，他又弃医从之，欲唤醒沉睡的国人。同时以笔作枪，捍卫正义与民主，成为中华民族的“脊梁”。居里夫人命名钋 玛丽•居里是法籍物理学家、化学家，她生于波兰华沙，后因求学留居法国。虽然身在他乡，但是她心系祖国。1898年7月，她发现了一种新的放射性元素，为了纪念自己的祖国——波兰，新元素被命名为钋(波兰的意思)。十二、妒忌[[寓言故事]山羊与驴：有个人饲养着山羊和驴子。主人总是给驴子喂充足的饲料，嫉妒心很重的山羊便对驴子说，你一会儿要推磨，一会儿又要驮沉重的货物，十分辛苦，不如装病，摔倒在地上， 便可以得到休息。驴于听从了山羊的劝告，摔得遍体鳞伤。主人请来医生，为他治疗。医生说要将山羊的心肺熬汤作药给驴子喝，才可以治好。于是，主人马上杀掉山羊去为驴子治病。这故事是说，凡是策划作恶的人，将自食其果，没有好下场。——《伊索寓言》该隐和亚伯都是亚当和夏娃所生，是一对亲兄弟。他们都献祭物给上帝。上帝看中了亚伯所献的祭物，而没有接纳该隐所献的礼物。该隐怪他的兄弟，先是气得睡不着觉，吃不下饭。后来，他干脆不跟兄弟亚伯说话。直到有一天，妒火中烧的该隐竟把亲弟弟亚伯引诱到田里杀害了。他自己从此也受到上帝的惩罚，不得不离家出走，过着逃亡的生活。[科学数据]心理学家的观察研究证明，嫉妒心强烈的人易患，心脏病，而且死亡率也高；而嫉妒心较少的人群，心脏病的发病率和死亡率只有前者的1／3—1／2。此外，如头痛、胃痛、高血压等病症。易发生于嫉妒心强的人，并且药物的治疗效果也较差。十三、知识[[事实论据]苏东坡的错误 某日，苏东坡去其师王安石府上拜访，王安石却去了朝中。苏东坡见桌上放有一首王未完成的《咏菊》诗：“昨夜西风过园林，吹落黄花满地金。”他读了很不以为然，于是援笔续道：“黄花不似春花落，说与诗人仔细听。”后诗人被贬黄州时，一次与友人夜间赏菊，正碰上秋风乍起，只见菊花花瓣纷纷落地，确像满地铺金，苏东坡始知自己的孤陋寡闻。《红楼梦》——“百科全书” 古典名著(红楼梦》中，涉及的知识有政治、经济、军事、医学、心理学、音乐、诗词、历史、地理、建筑、园林、风俗、烹调等，因而被人们称为“百科全书”。由此可见曹雪芹的知识面之广。十四、谦虚[事实论据]李相的一字师 唐代的李相读《春秋》时，念错了一个字，在一旁侍候的小吏皱了一下眉头。李相见后即问因何皱眉，小吏含蓄地说： “我的老师教我读此书时，我读错了一个字，今天听您一念我就明白怎样读了。”听出了这话的言外之意后，李相说： “不对。我没有受到老师的指点，如果错了，一定是我不是你。”说完，就向小吏请教，待小吏详述原委后，李即称小吏为“一字师” ，富兰克林的墓铭志 美国伟大的物理学家富兰克林，一生勤于创造发明，赢得过不下一百个学位和头衔；但他的墓碑上，却刻着他生前为自己撰写的几个简单文字：印刷工富兰克林之墓。白居易虚心请教 相传我国唐朝著名诗人白居易，每当作好了一首诗，总是先念给牧童或老妇人听，然后再反复修改，直到他们听了拍手称好，才算定稿。像白居易这样一位著名的诗人，并不因牧童和村妇的无知而轻视他们，因为他懂得真正的文学作品，必须得到人民的承认，所以他虚心求教于人民群众，这才使他的诗通俗易懂，为后人传诵。克雷洛夫是俄国18世纪伟大的寓言作家，他的寓言写得既多又好。有一次，他的一位朋友夸赞说：“你的书写得真好，一版销完又印一版，比谁的都印得多。”克雷洛夫却这样回答：“不，不是我的书写得好，是因为我的书是给孩子们读的，谁都知道，孩子们是容易弄坏书的，所以版次多一些。”十五、服装[事实论据]1．不少人慕名跑到巴黎，抄袭和仿制巴黎时装，却仍然设计不出具有法兰西民族风味的时装。正像在法国人开的中国餐馆里吃不出中国的风味一样。2．2001年上海APEC会议，与会各国领导人同时穿着中国传统的唐装与公众见面。一时间，唐装成为举世瞩目的服装，并迅速流行开来。十六、思考[事实论据]惟一的腿 苏联诗人马雅可夫斯基才华横溢，可是有一次为了描绘一个孤独的男子怎样保护和疼爱他的心上人，苦思冥想了两天，还是一无所获。到了第三天晚上，他又想得头昏脑胀，在睡梦中，他忽然吟出了下面的诗句：我将保护和疼爱你的身体，就像一个在战争中残废了的，对任何人都不需要了的兵士爱护着他惟一的腿。将爱人比作伤残士兵的“惟一的腿”，形象生动，感情深沉，还带着一丝淡淡的孤独和惆怅所以如果你在写作时埋怨自己没有灵感，那只是因为你缺少了苦苦思索。
1、马云
1999年的阿里巴巴创办者马云，对梦想从不放弃。他曾经想考重点小学，但却失败了；考重点中学也失败了；考大学更是考了三年才考上；想念哈佛大学也没有成功。但他有坚持不懈，勇往直前的精神，俗话说：“宝剑锋从磨砺出，梅花香自苦寒来。”
他通过自已的努力，最终成功了。他说：梦想，要脚踏实地，和眼泪是息息相关的。
2、柏拉图
有一次上课时，苏格拉底布置了一道作业，让他的弟子们做一件事，每天把手甩一百下，过一个星期后，他问有多少人现在还坚持做了的，百份之九十的人都坚持做了。一个月后，他又问了，现在只有一半的人了。一年后，他再问了，现在只有一个人坚持下来了，那个人就是柏拉图。
3、爱迪生
爱迪生曾花了整整十年去研制蓄电池，其间不断遭受失败的他一直咬牙坚持，经过了五万次左右的试验，终于取得成功，发明了蓄电池，被人们授与“发明大王”的美称。
4、李白
唐朝大诗人李白，小时候不喜欢读书。一天，趁老师不在屋，他悄悄溜出门去玩。他来到山下小河边，见到一位老婆婆在石头上磨一根铁杵。李白很纳闷，上前问：“老婆婆，您磨铁杵做什么?”老婆婆说：“我在磨针。”
李白吃惊地问：“哎呀!铁杵这么粗大，怎么能磨成针呢?”老婆婆笑呵呵地说：“只要天天磨，铁杵就能越磨越细，还怕磨不成针吗?”李白听后，想到自己，心中惭愧，转身跑回了书屋。
从此，他牢记“只要功夫深，铁杵磨成针”的道理，发愤读书，终于成为了一位伟大的诗人，并被称为“诗仙”。
5、梵高
梵高的执着的绘画梦想，虽然很遗憾在他生前，他的作品没有受到是人的欣赏，但在那种世人漠视、穷困潦倒的环境下，仍坚持着自己的梦想，画自己想画的画，这也着实非常人所能的。
一篇研究论文的例子英语
题目有限定吗？我们有本科学位英语论文300多篇，都是原创的，不知道你有没有需要？
Western novels in comparison First, Western novels in the history of the development of Western novels are based on myths and legends of its origin. In ancient times, science developed, out of fear of nature, the working people out of the imagination is the key to many of the world "God", describing the personification of God is a myth; who will describe the deified, that is legend. China opened the world's Pan story, the story of San Juan Five Emperors, the West Greek mythology, Roman mythology, Norse mythology, and so on are all typical works. East and West, the original novel, is closely linked with the history, as historical records complement the event. China Pre-Qin prose in the fable, the Han dynasty in the history books, biographies, the Wei and Jin Zhi, Zhi-person novel; the West of ancient Babylon, "the United States and Ji Jia disabilities epic", in ancient Greece, "Homer's epic," "Aesop's Fables "And so on, fall into this category, fiction, novels such novels have been about the characteristics of fiction, it is still not the literary creation, directly from the private collection record, so this type of fiction plot is relatively simple, writing rough comparison. Ban Gu said, "On the Street Lane words, hearsay are made of" is a novel kind of accurate assessment of the image. China's Tang Dynasty, the novel is only from history and literature become a creativity. Tang Dynasty culture has developed, the author's ideas are more open, the legend came into being at this time, Li Zhaowei "Liu Yi Chuan", Po Chu's "Everlasting Regret," Wolf's "Everlasting Regret Chuan" And so on, are made in accordance with the creation of the legend. For the fictional story of the Tang Dynasty more emphasis on imagination and literary talent, not just the history of the nature of things, but as the history of Zhi Zhi who is also the novel did not stop. The Legend of the Song Dynasty to the novel on a gradual decline, which followed the rise of this so that after processing will become a scholar so many novel and Romance novels such as "Romance of the Three Kingdoms", "Outlaws of the Marsh", "Journey to the West." The author of such novels is the use of private creative and re-created to describe the circumstances of the touching scenes of brilliant and vivid active in shaping the character known, there are obvious story-telling style of language. Here by the redevelopment, it will become an independent literary creation rather than things to come together with the civil process, the representative of this type is the "Golden Lotus", it was an open and ordinary life on the road, the reality is that literature has come a long way The development of the latter's "A Dream of Red Mansions" in ancient China Geng Shiba realism to the novels of the summit. "54" after the novelist began to learn from China's western fiction writing practices, and gradually out a new path. Western novels, is the "Renaissance" after the rapid development of mature. The development of the Middle Ages novel near-stagnation in the West, 14, the end of the century "Renaissance" to overthrow the literature of the Church of control, 15, appeared in the western end of the century to promote freedom of thought and the liberation of personality in order to describe the reality of life and portray characters from all walks of life for the content of the Humanist novels, is to tie in with this type of novel anti-feudal Europe at the time of arising at the same time it also set the novel in the West to human describing the tone of the main things. Jiaqiu Italy's "Decameron", Spain's Cervantes "Don Quixote" is the kind of representative works of fiction. The resulting novel is a classical, elegant favor of its national language to standardize the writing of this novel in 17th century France's most well-developed. As a note on behalf of Corneille's "Cid" neoclassical story of the rise of Western novels have been a language substantially improved. The beginning of the 18th century to promote popular science knowledge, enlightenment of the public consciousness for the purpose of the Enlightenment novels, of which there are relatively well-known German Goethe's "Faust", the United Kingdom Defoe's "Robinson Crusoe" and the Swift "Gulliver's Travels" and so on, this type of novel to the emergence of the bourgeois revolution at the time to mold public opinion. In the 19th century, romantic fiction, realistic novels and critical realism novel turn to occupy the leading position in the field of fiction. Romantic novels, such as France Victor Hugo's "Notre Dame de Paris", Goethe's "juvenile Witt of trouble" and so on, imaginative, unusual ideas, language and imaginative, strong feelings. Efforts to reflect the reality of the novel is the essence of life, and depict typical life of a typical phenomenon in the United Kingdom Dickens, France and Germany are of such novels as a representative of the writer. Critical realism novels exposed the efforts of the decadent feudal system and capitalist society, the dark, in-depth criticism of the reality of evil, France Balzac and Maupassant, the United Kingdom of Charlotte, Bronte,. Russia's Tolstoy, Dostoevsky, the United States of a large number of writers such as Mark Twain's works belong to this category. Value today, the three novels in the West is still the most important of the three types of literary fiction. East-West novel on the history of the development of more or less the case. Second, the characteristics of the novel in the West In addition to the basic characteristics of the novel, the story of the West also have their own characteristics are as follows: 1, the traditional Chinese novel attention to the characters, language and the details of the description, in contradiction to the conflict to display the images, but the character of a single, small changes in the absence of the main flu. Western novels are more people pay attention to the psychological description, stressed that mining figure in the subconscious mind, good at writing full, the changes in the strong sense of the main characters. Again, "coach Lin Feng Snow Mountain Temple" in the figure is only through dialogue and action leads to contradictions and conflicts, but Anna Karenina Wogui before a series of conflicts only with his description of the psychological will be able to express their clear; for poetry in Lin In the performance of her literary talent, and Paul with his inner monologue of the ideal; Zhang Zhong-Yong has only the character, but Jane Eyre's character is the brave, strong, warm, kind-hearted, and so many of the character and rubbing and Cheng's. In short, people in the area described in the West has its own unique features. 2, China compared with Western fiction novel plot twists and turns more and more complete story. Plot twists and turns, the story is complete fiction China's unique traditional arts. The Wei and Jin Zhi Zhi people on the novel twists and turns with vivid characteristics. Tang legend in the layout of many of the famous, magnificent anomaly, rigorous and clever, dramatic plot development. The contents of the Ming and Qing Dynasties novels scattered irregular, undulating waves, Cuoluoyouzhi, careful structure, an integral whole. "A Dream of Red Mansions", everywhere She Fu, Hui turning point, the story of Jia's best writing. Western plot in respect of the outstanding works, although there are many, but it can not be compared with the Chinese novel. 3, concise and lively Chinese language novel, rich in content and rich Western novels. Chinese folk artists absorbed the novel language, at the same time inherited the fine traditions of ancient prose, often a few words will be able to outline the incident or the people. Western novels in the author includes a broad range of knowledge, involve the community in many ways, so rich in content and rich people can gain knowledge in many areas. Engels said he was in Balzac's novel about 19th century France's domestic situation than he received any reports are more. Western novels have different characteristics, and also in the West different aesthetic concepts to a certain extent related. 4, Western novels have been the rule of the feudal culture of oppression destroyed. Chinese feudal culture makes the development of the novel is extremely difficult, Ming and Qing Dynasties more people to write stories for shame, so many great writers living, creating the conditions are not covered, many of the great works of authors who do not know. Western novels in the feudal culture makes almost the whole of the Middle Ages in the development of extremely slow, and many talented writers were forced to church services, wrote some of the religious nature of the article dry hole. Third, Western novels in the future prospects for the development of End of the Qing Dynasty, China and the West have begun to understand the other side of the system, the advantages of the novel in the West have been constantly learn from each other. Of course, due to historical reasons, the Chinese side of the draw a little more. To this day, the novelist in the West efforts are still two researchers in the novel's artistic charm, although the different languages of each other's appreciation of the arts to a certain extent, but the United States are interlinked. We have every reason to believe that in the near future, the novel art in the West will ultimately learn from each other and integrate, develop and reach new artistic heights. References: "Foreign Literature" Shanghai Translation Publishing House Zhou Xu Liang "Contemporary Literature election," Zhang Zhong, such as Beijing University Publishing House "Chinese literature history of the development of" Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House Liu Jie "Literary History of Europe" People's Literature Publishing House Yangzhou Han Wu Da-yuan Zhao Rui radish "Three high school language textbook used by the five dates of the" People's Education Press仅供参考，请自借鉴。希望对您有帮助。
隐喻的中西方文化差异Abstract: Metaphor is not only a linguistic phenomenon but also a way of thinking, which is one of the basic methods for human survival and cognition. It is rooted in language, thought and culture. Through the analysis and comparison of the use and concept of metaphor in different countries, we find that its universality and commonality of the metaphor as a basic human cognitive activities. However, metaphor in different languages reflects a different way of thinking and behavior and different cultural patterns. Owing to the different two modes of thinking and culture, there are some differences in understanding and formation that can not be ignored. Therefore, this paper will discuss the questions : metaphor, cross-cultural differences, translation. 1. Preamble Metaphor is a common phenomenon, a large number of people use metaphor to express his feelings and ideas. British scientists rhetoric Richards (IARichards) once said, "We have day-to-day in almost every conversation in three sentences may be a metaphor." According to statistics, life around the use of 4,700,000 new metaphor, 2,140,000 stereotypes of metaphor. Research in recent years, there is a great metaphor. This article introduced in the definition of metaphor on the basis of summing up the similarities and differences between Chinese and Western metaphor, and that its culture, precisely because of the prevalence of metaphor, how to translate metaphor has become a very important issue in the latter part of the article is aimed at The translation of metaphor put forward a translation of the three strategies. This paper studies aimed at trying to comparative analysis of English and Chinese in a large number of day-to-day language of metaphor to express, find out the differences and similarities, in order to be able to accurately translate the article in good metaphor to explore a little. This article is about the metaphor from the point of view to explore the differences in the way Thinking allows us to a deeper understanding of language, culture, the relationship between thinking and can more clearly understand the different ethnic language, culture, way of thinking, and so on On the nature of translation. 2. Metaphors in Chinese and Western studies In 1980, Lakoff & Johnson (George Lakoff & Mark Johnson) made a "living metaphor" (Metaphors We Live By) of the book, a modern metaphor to open a new chapter in the school. Domestic academia on the "metaphor" This is also a review of the system, such as Lin Wu's book "Study abroad metaphor Looking at the" beam-setting "metaphor research," Li of China and India "The main subjects Metaphor" and so on. However, the Chinese metaphor for the academic study of rare. "Chinese scholars on the study of metaphor, I am afraid the real contribution should be through the metaphor of the Chinese characteristics of research and study, through the metaphor of the Chinese and other languages in the comparative study of metaphor, metaphor for the establishment of a more general theory of the strong, and even unique The basis. "Lin Wu in the book" metaphor of the basic research the status quo, and the focus of the trend "in the main text, put forward a model of cultural metaphors with the relationship:" The language of metaphor is the emergence of expression into the system, which not only reflects the psychological Structure, but also reflect the different cultural models also play a role. " metaphor in the relationship between Chinese and Western cultures relationship Correspond to (corresponding) refers to the relationship between the two languages, English and Chinese in the meaning and metaphor in the use of the same meaning in the culture and image, and so on and-one mapping. This is because the survival of mankind itself, as well as all the external conditions, including the geographical environment, climate change, and the whole of human society and cultural background are certain there is a common, which formed a common humanity of their own and the outside world on many issues. In the "angry" mood, the English are angry that physiological responses, such as: grind one's teeth. (Teeth), bare one's teeth. (Ziyaliezui) an eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth. (an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth), reflecting the Chinese culture on the basis of common experience. non-correspondence English-Chinese metaphor, after all, rooted in two different languages on the soil, resulting in very different cultural backgrounds, fully corresponds to the few metaphors, the vast majority do not have common cultural identity in order to form the corresponding non-(non-corresponding ) Relations. Non-relationship metaphor can be roughly divided into three categories: Vehicle counterpart, Yu Yi does not correspond to English and Chinese in some cases there is the same as a metaphor, but in their own language and culture in the meaning of the metaphor means is different, even different. Peacock in the Chinese culture is auspicious, a symbol of beauty, especially the Dai people to express jumped Pavaner desire to better their own. If the Chinese people will be likened to a peacock, it means that beautiful light. However, in English, peacock (Peacock) is a symbol of pride, often interpreted as arrogance, love to show off. For example, They were eager to take the young peacock down a peg. (They want to pressure a pressure that the arrogant young guy's momentum). counterpart Yu Yi, the vehicle does not correspond to English-Chinese two nations due to their differences, from different angles to look at things the same, it will be a different analogy. As a result both English and Chinese language there is a different vehicle, but Yu was referring to was basically the same as the meaning of the case, that is the same kind of non-correspondence. Such as: a person described as the hearts of anxious, restless, Chinese is "ants on the hot pan" and English is "a cat on the bricks". There are similar: To kick down the ladder. Guohechaiqiao. Yu Yu Yi and do not correspond to Some of the metaphors Yu-Yu has a meaning and it refers to the language and culture are closely related, in another culture often can not find corresponding Yu and Yu Yi, which resulted in a culture known as the default Phenomenon. For example: in English "my rib" I am referring to Yu's wife, it comes from the "Bible" story, that is, Adam (Adam)'s wife Eve (Eve) God is with a piece of Adam's rib made. The Chinese did not, "the Bible" cultural background, and there was no analogy with rib habit, so the formation of a corresponding gap. Similarly, "ugly duckling" (Ugly Duckling) refers to the metaphor will get ahead of Little, "early bird" refers to the diligent Yu, in the words into Chinese language, culture, as a result of the default, can not find a corresponding relationship between metaphor . Chinese and Western cultures in the common metaphor Metaphor and culture to a large extent, human beings have a common understanding, rooted in the people's own day-to-day experience. In this connection, often between different ethnic groups are the same. Both English and Chinese language in a lot of abstract thinking that the metaphorical expression is the same. For example: the human child in the period to form a position on the concept of input in that direction in the form of many of them easily understood, including the position expressed by metaphor, which has become a fixed pattern of thinking. For example: The term direction (up, down) to describe people's social status, physical, emotional, and other abstract concepts to the case when the good is up; Sad is down. We Chinese are also not difficult to find a similar sentence: "Gas Prices "," enhance the social status "and" vision "and" depressed. " Since the objective laws of nature with the relative unity of different cultures to understand the nature of the course is similar to the cognitive experience. in the metaphor of the difference between Chinese and Western cultures As the English-Chinese geographical and cultural differences, living in two different cultures in practice there are a lot of differences, and different life experiences and let people understand the objective world, a different language carries different nationalities Cultural characteristics and cultural information. Understanding of metaphor is not out of socio-cultural backgrounds. For example, social and cultural impact of the color words is deep-rooted, some color words in different cultures in an entirely different meaning, has a distinctive feature of our national culture. Such as: English, said in green "inexperienced" and "shallow knowledge", such as: "a green hand", "I was very green when I started working there." The Chinese like to express the meaning of the word is "yellow" Such as: "Huangmaoyatou" and "flower girl". Cultural background knowledge is the metaphor to create a rich source of thinking, as the Eastern and Western cultures are different, metaphors in English and Chinese applications there are also significant differences. The metaphor of the cross-cultural differences between Chinese and Western influence Language is a cultural change in the development of the complex, subject to political, economic, historical, environmental and other factors. Chinese and Western styles are different, but in many ways to infiltrate interaction and integration, language differences and cultural metaphor for the inevitable impact is complex and diverse. metaphorical expression of cultural conflict Different nationalities in the world to observe a different perspective and ideas, different cultures there are a lot of conflict or inconsistency metaphor. If the animal metaphors, in English Long (dragon) is a kind of evil, will belch out smoke monster. "Bible", the dragon is the devil, is a symbol of evil and terror, there is a terrible vicious meaning. The Chinese dragon is in power, the auspicious symbol of Chinese traditional culture, the Chinese have "Wangzichenglong", "descendants of the Dragon." The same analogy in different cultures, different meaning, of two cultures "Dragon" to give a different connotation. differences in living conditions caused by differences in metaphor In English is a lot of metaphor and marine-related, such as: all at sea (at a loss what to do); drink like a fish (drinking cow); fish in the air (Shuizhonglaoyue); give up the ship (give up). In Chinese, there are a lot of the horse or cattle pose a metaphor, such as: "a willing ox" (a willing horse) Gan means to serve the community; "old ox" (a working horse) refers to the hard work; "bragging "(Talk horse), and so on. This is due to different geographical location and natural environment caused by different cultural metaphor. Britain is an island, ultimately, dependent on the sea, and China is a large agricultural country, farming culture deeply feudal society. different religious and cultural differences arising from the metaphor Religious culture of human culture is an important part of it by referring to the nation's religious beliefs, such as the formation of the sense of culture, "the Bible" in the story, with its language and meaning has become a feature of daily life in the West in terms of . For example, power of the keys (the keys to the kingdom of heaven; the rights of the Pope), in the right church, but in the wrong pew (in general is right, but not the details), and so on. Chinese culture and Buddhism, Taoism and more affected by the impact of Confucianism, the Chinese, there are a lot of related argot. "Jiehuaxianfo"; "临时抱佛脚"; "做一天和尚撞一天钟" and so on. It is due to the diversity of culture, resulting in the differences between English and Chinese metaphor. This difference to the cross-cultural communication has brought the impact. As a foreign language students, do not understand the difference between metaphor and language will make mistakes, sometimes mistakenly made good as pleasant, caused by either one or both of the conversation unpleasant; also sometimes mocked as a praise. When a native language other operators do not understand the language contained in the cultural differences, it is often difficult for such language to accurately convey the meaning of the understanding, difficulty to the cross-cultural exchange. 3. Metaphor of the three methods of translation The translation of metaphor not only accurately and effectively convey the original language, but also loyal, accessible, complete reproduction of the original language and cultural connotation and significance. But in the West because of cultural differences and different, so the translation of metaphor in English on the need to consider not only its literal sense, and so on, but also in the West should pay attention to their cultural differences. American Eugene Nida said: "Translation is the exchange between the two cultures. The real success of the translation, even more familiar with the two cultures is more important to master two languages. Because only in terms of its role in the culture In the background will only be meaningful. "Therefore, the translation of metaphor to combining Chinese and Western cultures, and cultural backgrounds to leave the translation, can not be achieved between the two languages of the real exchange. Literal Translation The so-called "literal" is asked in the language when conditions permit, in the translation to maintain the original content, but also to maintain the original form, in particular, to maintain the original metaphor, the image of the nation, and other local color. In the literal translation method to maintain the original expression of the culture and at the same time, target enriched the vocabulary and expression, such as: "a Pandora's box" (Pandora's Box); "chain reaction" (chain reaction). In the original text and asked the information contained in the same culture, we should adopt the literal translation method. (1) You are my sunshine, my only sunshine. : You are my sun, my only sunshine. In Chinese and English, the sun is warm, beautiful, in both languages, they disseminate information on culture are the same. As a rule, and asked in the original text in the form of grammatical structure, similar to the style or color on basically the same, the law should adopt the literal translation. (1) He is another Shylock. : He is also a Shylock. (Note: Shakespeare's Shylock is "The Merchant of Venice" in a very harsh mean business People. ) (2) To carry coals to Newcastle. : Coal to Newcastle. (Note: "Newcastle" is a British coal, coal is superfluous here.) 4. Conclusion Metaphor as a way to figures of speech or skills, a unique feature of grammar, which features make the sentence more flexible and constructive, but the United States. Is a metaphor to express more complex ideas and things, a powerful tool. Wherever and whenever people in their daily lives are often used metaphor. As Mr. Lin Zhuang said: "The metaphor is no longer expanding his knowledge and understanding of a passive process. To help us in the form of new knowledge, the metaphor has played an active role so that we can better a better understanding of the objective world." In English and Chinese Metaphorical significance of the difference is due to cultural differences between East and West, that mode of thinking, moral values and sense of difference. However, different cultural impact of what is the concept of metaphor, it is still a need to examine and address the problem. At the same time, in the metaphor of the process of translation must pay special attention to cultural differences. The best translation is to be able to accurately reflect the true meaning of the author, as well as its cultural and stylistic characteristics of the translation, that is, the translation of metaphor to make as much as possible the original language and to achieve the target language culture, and so on.
1、 (英语系毕业论文)中西戏剧发展快慢对比及其原因 摘 要 中西戏剧都有悠久的历史，无论是西方戏剧还是中国戏剧，都起源于民间，并与原始人祭祀神灵，欢庆节日的仪式密切联系在一起的。回顾希腊戏剧产生形成的历史，它发展快，成就高，在世界上的影响很... 类别：毕业论文 大小：95 KB 日期：2007-07-14 2、 (英语系毕业论文)从中美管理方式的不同透析中西方文化差异与整合 摘 要随着全球化的来临，中国与外界的交流越来越频繁，特别是在商界。本论文主要探讨中美在管理上的交流。如今的商界，如同一个大家庭，参与者遍布世界各地。正是由于这个原因，各国的管理模式也趋于一体化。但是... 类别：毕业论文 大小：85 KB 日期：2007-06-26 3、 (英语系毕业论文)在经济全球化下中西方文化差异与跨文化管理 摘 要伴随着世界经济的快速增长,跨国公司的飞速发展, 全球商业活动的猛烈激增，同时伴随着在文化多样化环境下的相关管理问题的出现，跨国公司的人员必须与来自不同文化背景的人打交道，这种文化差异时而会造成... 类别：毕业论文 大小：96 KB 日期：2007-06-26 4、 (英语系毕业论文)中西服饰文化差异对语言的影响 摘 要中西服饰受其各自不同哲学和文化的影响体现出不同的特征：儒家思想和大陆文明使中国服饰呈现出繁冗，宽博的特征。它不注重外表的装饰，以宽松的衣服遮掩身体的曲线，在思想上追求人格的完美，以“谦谦君... 类别：毕业论文 大小：90 KB 日期：2007-06-25 5、 (英语系毕业论文)快餐食品对中西方传统饮食文化的影响力 摘 要自古以来，中国就是一个以礼待人的礼仪之邦。而在不同的国家、不同的地区，礼仪的形式也有所不同。本文主要从礼仪的角度谈论了礼仪与中西方文化之间的联系及相互影响，目的是为了消除不同国家之间的不同... 类别：毕业论文 大小：88 KB 日期：2007-06-25 6、 (英语系毕业论文)从礼仪角度谈中西文化的差异性 摘 要自古以来，中国就是一个以礼待人的礼仪之邦。而在不同的国家、不同的地区，礼仪的形式也有所不同。本文主要从礼仪的角度谈论了礼仪与中西方文化之间的联系及相互影响，目的是为了消除不同国家之间的不同... 类别：毕业论文 大小：85 KB 日期：2007-06-23 7、 (英语系毕业论文)中西饮食文化及其差异 摘 要中国悠久历史5000年，西方世界五六百年的社会历程。中国有灿烂丰富、博大精深的饮食文化；西方国家则有精巧专维、自成体系的饮食文明。民以食为天，中国有自己独特丰富的饮食文化底蕴。然而今天除了中国... 类别：毕业论文 大小：100 KB 日期：2007-06-21 8、 (英语系毕业论文)中西酒店文化比较及探讨 摘 要在经济蓬勃发展的今天，旅游业风风火火地发展起来了，作为与旅游业相配套的酒店业也相应的完善起来，且更加趋于国际化。中国已经入世，这更给中国的酒店业带来一个新的发展契机，但世界上酒店发展规模空前，...
基础类研究的单篇论文有哪些
毕业论文的类型，怕是按文理来分，这个还得看你的专业吧！~
医学论文的类型 一般医学刊物中刊用的文章,大致可分为以下几种类型:述评、论著论著摘要、实验研究、诊断技术等,病例现报告.大概就是这些，希望能帮到您
1、题目。应能概括整个论文最重要的内容，言简意赅，引人注目，一般不宜超过20个字。 论文摘要和关键词。
2、论文摘要应阐述学位论文的主要观点。说明本论文的目的、研究方法、成果和结论。尽可能保留原论文的基本信息，突出论文的创造性成果和新见解。而不应是各章节标题的简单罗列。摘要以500字左右为宜。
关键词是能反映论文主旨最关键的词句，一般3-5个。
3、目录。既是论文的提纲，也是论文组成部分的小标题，应标注相应页码。
4、引言（或序言）。内容应包括本研究领域的国内外现状，本论文所要解决的问题及这项研究工作在经济建设、科技进步和社会发展等方面的理论意义与实用价值。
5、正文。是毕业论文的主体。
扩展资料
撰写毕业论文的过程是训练学生独立进行科学研究的过程。通过撰写毕业论文，可以使学生了解科学研究的过程，掌握如何收集、整理和利用材料；如何观察、如何调查、作样本分析；如何利用图书馆，检索文献资料；如何操作仪器等方法。
撰写毕业论文是学习如何进行科学研究的一个极好的机会，因为它不仅有教师的指导与传授，可以减少摸索中的一些失误，少走弯路，而且直接参与和亲身体验了科学研究工作的全过程及其各环节，是一次系统的、全面的实践机会。
撰写毕业论文的过程，同时也是专业知识的学习过程，而且是更生动、更切实、更深入的专业知识的学习。首先，撰写论文是结合科研课题，把学过的专业知识运用于实际，在理论和实际结合过程中进一步消化、加深和巩固所学的专业知识，并把所学的专业知识转化为分析和解决问题的能力。
1. 基础理论型论文。这类论文的研究对象是相关领域的概念、理论，而非实践规律。研究方法主要是在已有相关理论、思想的基础上，综合运用归纳、推演等推理方式，过一系列抽象思维获得关于特定主题的认识成。础理论型论文要具有相关学科的雄厚理论基础，乃常不道用于刚刚涉足论文写作的初学者。
2. 应用研究型论文。这类论文关注实践，常是在综合运用相关理论的础上，对实践中热点、焦点、难点、疑点问题(尤其是新问题)进行分析，找出问题产生的原因，并提出具体的操作策略或建议。如果将理论研究型论文比作科学家进行的研究，那么应用研究型论文就更像是大师的作品，它旨在解决现实问题，推进理论白实践转化。
3. 学术争论型论文。这类论文通常针对他人公开发表的文章或见解提出不同的看法，进行基于充分论据的商榷，看重揭示他人研究的不足或错误之处。学术争论型论文可以明确争论的对象，如某某专家的某一篇文章，也可以泛指某类观点，争论的主题可以是理论问题，也可以是实践问题，当然，学术争论不是各说各话的争吵，对科学性、逻辑性、严密性的要求更高。最后，学术争论型论文必须“对事不对人”，不能借论文对作者进行恶意攻击。
4. 调查报告型论文。这类论文以调查为础，常从现实中的某一问题出发，通过深入的调查、访谈获取数据，进而进行整理、加工分析，并将调查结果进行科学的呈现。调查报告型论文必须包含大量的原始数据，“用数据说话”是此类文章的重要特点。
5. 文献综述型论文。这类论文以他人研究成果为研究对象，所谓“综”就是归纳，必须对占有的大量素材进行归纳整理、系统介绍和综合分析，使同领城的研究成果更加层次分明、逻辑清晰。所谓“述”就是评述，要对所写主题进行较为全面、深入、系统的论述或评论，进而发表自己的见解。
参考资料：《什么是论文？论文的特点和类型有哪些》
一般论文的研究方法有哪些
有关于论文的研究方法有哪些
有关于论文的研究方法有哪些，论文是一种常见的写作方式。而论文的研究方法则是为了论文的写作去进行调查、实验等的一种研究方式，下面分享有关于论文的研究方法有哪些相关内容，一起来看看吧。
(1）调查法
调查法是科学研究中最常用的方法之一。它是有目的、有计划、有系统地搜集有关研究对象现实状况或历史状况的材料的'方法。一般是通过书面或口头回答问题的方式获得大量数据，进而对调查中收集的大量数据进行分析、比较、总结归纳，为人们提供规律性的知识。
典型例子
调查法中最典型的例子是问卷调查法。它是通过书面提问收集信息的一种方法，即调查人员编制调查项目表，分发或邮寄给相关人员，询问答案，然后收集、整理、统计和研究。
（2）观察法
观察法是指人们有目的、有计划地通过感官和辅助仪器，对处于自然状态下的客观事物进行系统考察，从而获取经验事实的一种科学研究方法。
典型例子
皮亚杰的儿童认知发展理论就是通过观察法提炼总结出来的；儿童心理学创始人——普莱尔，也是在一次次地使用观察法后，提出了儿童心理学领域中的诸多理论。
（3）实验法
实验法是指经过精心设计，在高度控制的条件下，通过操纵某些因素，从而发现变量间因果关系以验证预定假设的研究方法。核心在于对所要研究的对象在条件方面加以适当的控制，排除自然状态下无关因素的干扰。
典型例子
采取实验法的一个典例是罗森塔尔效应的提出，美国心理学家罗森塔尔和L.雅各布森通过对小学生进行“未来发展趋势测验”，发现人们对他人行为的期望通常可以导致他人向期望方向改变。
1、定量分析法
定量分析是对事物或事物的各个组成部分进行数量分析的一种研究方法。依据统计数据，建立数学模型，并用数学模型计算出研究对象的各项指标及其数值。常见的定量分析法包括比率分析法、趋势分析法、数学模型法等等。
典型例子
企业管理中时常采用定量分析法，比如企业信用结果的得出，就是采用定量分析法，以企业财务报表为主要数据来源，按照某种数理方式进行加工整理的结果。
2、定性分析法
定性分析法是对研究对象进行“质”的方面的分析。运用归纳和演绎、分析与综合以及抽象与概括等方法，对获得的各种材料进行思维加工，揭示事物运行的内在规律，包括因果分析法、比较分析法、矛盾分析法等。
典型例子
德尔菲法是最典型的定性分析法，该方法按照规定的程序，背靠背地征询专家小组成员的预测意见，经过几轮征询，使专家小组的预测意见趋于集中，最后做出符合市场未来发展趋势的预测结论，是一种主观预测方法。
毕业论文采用的研究方法有哪些
毕业论文采用的研究方法有哪些，在写论文的时候需要用到研究方法，研究的方法有很多种，不同的研究方法使用的方式也是不一样的，以下就是我为大家整理的一些关于毕业论文采用的研究方法有哪些的资料，大家一起来看看吧！
1、调查法
调查法是现在用户在撰写论文过程中使用最多的研究方法，调查法主要是通过用户系统化的搜集有关研究课题的现在状况或者历史状况进行综合分析得到研究成果的方式。
2、观察法
观察法，顾名思义就是用户借助自己的感官和一些其它的辅助工具对研究对象进行直接的观察，记录数据内容，以此来获得研究论文课题的方式，很多大型的科研机构等都是采用这种方法进行课题研究。
3、实验法
实验法相信只有接触过化学课程的用户都是可以理解的，实验法主要是通过控制实验对象的各方面要素来明确研究对象间的关系，这是现在很多用来发现研究对象间关系的方法之一。
4、文献法
文献法主要是通过不断的搜集该课题相关的'文献资料，进行系统全面的分析，以此来得到研究数据的方法，但是用户一定要知道挑选的论文文献资料一定要全面，这样才能全面的分析研究成果。
1、归纳方法与演绎方法 ：归纳就是从个别事实中概括出一般性的结论原理;演绎则是从一般性原理、概念引出个别结论。归纳是从个别到一般的方法;演绎是从一般到个别的方法。
门捷列夫使用归纳法，在人们认识大量个别元素的基础上，概括出了化学元素周期律。后来他又从元素周期律预言当时尚未发现的若干个元素的化学性质，使用的就是演绎法。
2、分析方法与综合方法 ：分析就是把客观对象的整体分为各个部分、方面、特征和因素而加以认识。它是把整体分为部分，把复杂的事物分解为简单的要素分别加以研究的一种思维方法。
分析是达到对事物本质认识的一个必经步骤和必要手段。分析的任务不仅仅是把整体分解为它的组成部分，而且更重要的是透过现象，抓住本质，通过偶然性把握必然性。
3、因果分析法 ：就是分析现象之间的因果关系，认识问题的产生原因和引起结果的辩证思维方法。使用这种方法一定要注意到真正的内因与结果，而不是似是而非的因果关系。
要注意结果与原因的逆关系，一方面包括“用原因来证明结果”，同时也包括“用结果来推论原因”。不同的事物，一般都一身二任，既是原因，又是结果，而且一个结果往往有不同层次的几个原因。因此，在研究过程中，对所分析的问题必须寻根究底。
研究生发的论文一般有哪些
论文结构要求学位论文应采用汉语撰写;一般由十一部分组成,依次为:(1)封面,(2)扉页,(3)独创性声明,学位论文使用授权说明,(4)中文摘要,(5)英文摘要,(6)目录,(7)正文,(8)参考文献,(9)发表论文和参加科研情况说明,(10)附录,(11)致谢.各部分具体要求如下:封面(采用天津大学统一印制的封面)论文题目:应是整个论文总体内容的体现,要引人注目,力求简短,严格控制在25字以内.学科专业:以国务院学位委员会发布的学科专业目录中的二级学科为准.指导教师:除工程硕士写两名指导教师外(含一名企业导师),其他一般只能写一名指导教师.(2)扉页(见样例)(3)独创性声明和论文使用授权说明:《独创性声明》和《学位论文版权使用授权书》里的"学位论文作者签名"和"导师签名"均不能为空,否则不提交校学位评定委员会讨论学位.(见样例)(4)中文摘要中文摘要应将学位论文的内容要点简短明了地表达出来,约500~800字左右(限一页),字体为宋体小四号.内容应包括工作目的,研究方法,成果和结论.要突出本论文的创新点,语言力求精炼.为了便于文献检索,应在本页下方另起一行注明论文的关键词(3-7个).(见样例)(5)英文摘要内容应与中文摘要相同.字体为Times New Roman小四号.(见样例)(6)目录标题应简明扼要并标明页号.(7)正文硕士学位论文一般要求不少于3万字;博士学位论文一般不少于5万字.内容一般包括:国内外研究现状,理论分析,计算方法,实验装置和测试方法,实验结果分析与讨论,研究成果,结论及意义.(8)参考文献只列出作者直接阅读过,在正文中被引用过的文献资料.参考文献一律放在论文结束后,不得放在各章之后.(9)发表论文和参加科研情况说明指在学期间发表论文和参加科研情况.(10)附录内容一般包括正文内不便列出的冗长公式推导,辅助性数学工具,符号说明(含缩写),计算程序及说明等.致谢限一页.2,论文书写要求(1) 语言表述a.论文应层次分明,数据可靠,推理严谨,立论正确.论述必须简明扼要,重点突出,对同行专业人员已熟知的常识内容,尽量减少叙述.b.论文中如出现一些非通用性的新名词,新术语或新概念,需立即做出解释.
按不同的标准对论文有不同分类。对论文进行分类，是为了便于进行科学研究，这是因为不同领域不同学科的研究论文撰写的要求是不相同的，其功用也存在着差异。一、按照研究领域来划分从研究领域来划分，可分为社会科学论文和自然科学论文。社会科学论文，主要是描述社会复杂现象，阐述社会发展变化规律，分析和解决社会问题而积极开展的科学研究而撰写的论文。自然科学论文，主要是描述自然现象，阐述自然发展变化，分析和解决自然科学发展存在问题而进行积极研究，而发表自己的观点和主张的文章。二、按照研究方式来划分从研究方式来划分，可以分为描述性论文、综述型论文和应用型论文。描述型论文，主要是指通过概念、判断和推理等逻辑形式，结合议论、说明等表达方式，来分析事物、阐明事理，以达到作者阐述自己的新观点和新见解之目的的一种论文。可分为两类：一是立论型论文和驳论型论文。立论型论文，主要是通过摆事实，讲道理等方式，正面阐述作者的观点和见解的文章；驳论型论文，主要是在摆事实讲道理的论证过程中，辨析和驳斥他人的观点，树立自己观点和见解的文章。从其定义的描述中可以看出，描述型论文具有很强的理论性、严密的逻辑性和以议论为主的表达方式。综述型论文，主要是一种就某领域中的某一问题为研究对象，以纵向、横向和纵横向等描述向度，通过归纳、总结等方式对前人已取得的研究成果进行介绍或评论，并发表作者自己的见解的论文。“它的目的是使读者看到某一眼镜成果的性质、规模、进程、状态和趋势。其特点是以叙述为主，夹叙夹议，有时议论多于叙述”（刘巨钦 等.经济管理类学生专业论文导写[M].长沙：中南大学出版社，2000年，第3版）。应用型论文，主要是指以某一社会现象或问题作为研究对象，运用一些理论对通过实证调研已经收集的数据资料进行判断和分析，作者并提出应对的政策或措施的一种文章。它具有实效性、实用性和针对性等特点。三、按照论文形式来划分从论文形式来看，可划分为学期或学年论文、学科论文、学位论文、调查报告、实习报告和研究论文等。学期论文、学位论文和实习报告是高校学生学习过程中必须要完成的论文。调查报告和研究论文，高校学生也可以进行撰写或不撰写，但科研人员必须熟练掌握的。学期或学年论文，主要是指大学本科的三年级（包括三年级）以上的学生初次运用已学的基础知识和研究方法，在老师的指导下独立撰写的论文。这种论文是相当于学生的独立完成的作业，往往是为毕业论文的撰写打下基础，其学术性要求不高。其目的是要求学生取得撰写论文的一些经验，并理解和掌握论文的基本写作的步骤和方法而已。学科论文，主要是指学完一门课程（学科）之后，要求学生运用该学科理论和方法来探讨和研究该学科所涉及到领域的问题和现象，独立撰写的文章。撰写学科论文的学生，主要是硕士、博士研究生。这类论文要求有一定的学术性，即它要具有较强的理论分析和阐述问题的深度。这其实也是为撰写硕博士学位论文作的准备工作和强化训练工作。学位论文，主要是指学生为了能拿到学位而撰写的论文，也称毕业论文。学位论文，主要包括学士学位论文、硕士学位论文和博士学位论文。不同学历教育层次的学生要想拿到相应的学位，就必须撰写学位论文。学位论文是检查学生的所掌握某领域的基础知识，运用该研究领域的理论和方法来研究社会现象或问题，在指导教师的指导下独立完成的文章。学位论文要求具有一定的学术性，尤其是硕博士学位论文要求更高，不仅具有学术性，更要求具有前沿性、开拓性和创新性。不同层次的学位论文有不同的字数要求，学士学位论文要求5000字至1万字；硕士论文的字数要求2万字至5万字之间；博士论文则要求在8万字以上。毕业论文属于学术论文范畴。四、按照专业领域来划分从学科专业领域来看，主要有哲学、经济学、文学、政治学、行政学、数学和物理学等学科专业论文。哲学论文，主要是对哲学基本问题、哲学思维方法、哲学思想发展等开展讨论、研究，并发表自己的见解和主张的文章。经济学论文，主要是指研究经济领域方面思想以及其存在的问题进行讨论、研究，并发表自己的见解和主张的文章。文学论文，主要是指探讨文学领域理论及其存在的问题，并阐述自己的主张和见解的文章。政治学、行政学、数学和物理学等学科专业论文也是如此。五、按照研究范围来划分依据研究范围的大小，将论文分为宏观型论文和微观型论文。宏观型论文，相对于微观型论文而言的，主要是指研究带有普遍性的、全局性和整体性的问题，并对其局部具有重要的指导性意义的文章。一般来说，多半是理论性很强的文章，具有共性和指导性的特征；微观型论文，主要是指研究具体问题的文章，具有很强的针对性和具体的指导性等特征。
硕士论文种类可以按照学生专业来分类。硕士生的每一个专业都是可以有自己专业的论文内容。按照专业可以分为历史类论文，文学类论文，数学论文，通讯论文，化学论文，材料类论文等。
论文答辩是学生们最头疼的事，想要一篇好的论文还是唐人代写有水平。