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有关飘的英语论文范文

发布时间:2024-06-30 20:58:44

有关飘的英语论文范文

Scarlett has been the determination of the book is a major bright spot, given its black, as a purely black side of life as the ultimate Scarlett firm belief there are black fuzzy side, such as in the Sijia run in the Yewu confused, because she has been the object of love unclear. Scarlett absolutely can not be called a perfect woman. However, she has the charm beyond the scope allowed by the law. Her strong, confident, full of passion for life, but stingy, superstition, bullying the weak, and has no intention to send to several people Nishi. This is mixed but the character made her even more attractive. No man is perfect human reality, and literature should do so. In that situation mutation in troubled times, in much trauma and combat, not nostalgia before elegant luxury living, a strong stand up and Shimoji Zhaimianhua, not to their own hands covered Laochong Jiaogui, just to let live Tara is not in the people starve. She red in the land of Tara was black perseverance, as her father Fagerland said, this world, only in the same land and the moon. This powerful addition she inherent potential of the rebel Irish descent thinking to enable her its own way, and do not care about how others would like to see how, and do not care about the moral restraints, open in Atlanta and the destruction of their homes Beifanglao business, and as Haobuzaiyi Frank will be the husband's shame. So Scarlett is selfish, but she's not selfish to have built on the foundation of her to many people, in order to Tara to eat a dozen of the mouth, for her love and his wife, in order to Pei association aunt, distant aunt who, even before the blacks, including Tara, Scarlett kind of selfish in a lot of people hit the setbacks, she has disappointed many times, but never despair. Like Fontaine, the old lady said, they are Camelina sativa wheat Fengyichui, bow, bend over, before making after Yaoban also been able to better accept the sunshine. Always have the courage to stand up, high Angzhaotou accept stormy baptism. She and support to do so only under the halo of a Jincancan enveloped the perfect dress, the soul of a nothingness, a stubborn and stubborn faith. Sijia dedicated to the love of her life indestructible faith. In order to achieve the commitments at the Greek, she became a sea of flames in Atlanta when adhere to take care of her Qinghua, the Greek ceremony of the wife of an imminent labor of pregnant women. She could have waited at the mother's side, for love, for safety, but she did not, she would prefer face Beifanglao wreaked, but also realize the promise of love, in order to take care of the weak Meilan, she got to do everything possible to the food Meilan eat, the home only a pair of shoes to wear Meilan, hungry stomachs himself Chizhaojia Shimoji Zhaimianhua This is not a selfish narrow realm of women can achieve. She has the absolute love of the faith, but wrong target in the Rye in the journey of love. Reid said Scarlett cried like a child to the moon, respectful hand give up their happiness, and the willful, stubborn and refuses to turn back, I would like to Huang Palace Road 12, she must be at the Lions. Sijia is in the blind pursuit of his "perfect dress", how would not even think Reid is the ambient air around the globe with her boundless love and the pursuit of happiness. Therefore, she can just sit and watch Reid because her stubbornness exhausted and had to leave. But she finally ripe, they genuinely want to know the what is, but for her part, she wants, they will be. "Tomorrow is another day!" I am waiting for the Sijia once again by forces from Tal Afar, Reid once again returned to her side. I like such an outcome, not happy, with a hint of sadness point, but not a tragedy, because of the hope that exists in the Scarlett hearts, but also our hearts. For Scarlett, their life is the real meaning is to elusive, she never knows satisfied, we can not Contentment. Society meeting is the desecration of her life, and also predict the withered flowers of life. She can only keep pursuing, hunting the next target, is the first love, watch Greek ceremony; then food and clothing, watch money at the then Greek and, finally, Reid, she just aware of their love. So Saijia doomed not know in advance their love is Reid, and must Ainv mortality, Meilan after the death of Reid as thoroughly disappointed to leave, to understand. As if her life was a an unmatched joke, it is true there, she needs for their obdurate And the willfulness of the most painful price to pay, all run through the wind, Scarlett ripe. "Gone with the Wind" Scarlett is the history of a growth.

Character developmentScarlett O'Hara is not beautiful in a conventional sense, as indicated by Margaret Mitchell's opening line, but a charming Southern belle who grows up on the Clayton County, Georgia, plantation Tara in the years before the American Civil War. Scarlett is described as being sixteen years old at the outbreak of the Civil War in April 1861, which would put her approximate birth date in early 1845/late 1844 [1]. She is the oldest of three daughters. Her two younger sisters are the lazy and whiny Susan Elinor ("Suellen") and the gentle and kind Caroline Irene ("Carreen"). Her mother also gave birth to three younger sons, who were all named Gerald Jr. and died as , shrewd and vain, Scarlett inherits the strong will of her Irish father Gerald O'Hara, but also desires to please her well-bred, gentle French American mother Ellen Robillard, from a good and well respected Savannah, Georgia, believes she's in love with Ashley Wilkes, her aristocratic neighbor, but when his engagement to his cousin, the meek and mild-mannered Melanie Hamilton, is announced, she marries Melanie's brother, Charles Hamilton, out of spite. Her new husband goes to train with Wade Hampton's Legion but dies within two months of measles, and never sees battle. The war progresses and near the end of the war the Yankee army, led by the infamous General Sherman, makes its way to Georgia. Scarlett's mother dies of typhoid fever, and her sisters are gravely ill. The Yankee army burns the family's store of cotton, steals the food and livestock, but spares the family home. Scarlett flees nearby Atlanta where she had been living with Melanie, her sister-in-law, and Melanie's aunt during the war ahead of the invading Yankee army, expecting to arrive at Tara to be cared for by her parents. Instead she finds the home and lands damaged, and the family barely the face of hardship, the spoiled Scarlett uncharacteristically shoulders the troubles of her family and friends, and eventually the not-so-grieving widow marries her sister's beau, Frank Kennedy, in order to get funds to pay the taxes on and save her family's beloved home. Her practical nature leads to a willingness to step on anyone who doesn't have her family's best interests at heart, including her own sister. Over the course of the story Scarlett sheds all her illusions — except her "love" for Ashley. The war's upheaval of Scarlett's life and the transforming choices she makes can be seen as a metaphor for the challenges life commonly presents to women, to face or deny; Scarlett's story particularly resonated with a 1936 readership which had just gone through a similar upheaval — the Great of the most richly developed female characters of the time on film and in literature, she repeatedly challenges the prescribed women's roles of her time. As a result, she becomes very disliked by the people of Atlanta, Georgia. Scarlett's ongoing internal conflict between her feelings for the Southern gentleman Ashley and her attraction to the sardonic, opportunistic Rhett Butler—who becomes her third husband—embodies the general position of The South in the Civil War era.

书名自改。A lot of people ask me which book is my most favorite one,and I always proudly answer them ,which is all history about will be a long story for me to read this time I touched this book is when I was 5 years mother bought it to me as my 5-years-old is a really wonderful present to me,which is opening a history gate to me ,a totally innocent almost forgot the dinner after I read the first then on,I was the historist in my class and showed my knowledge from that book to my I became older and older,I knew more about it and feel more confident about my own am proud that I am a Chinese and I will make more effort to build a more powerful country and let Chinese history more me,this is the most important book in my life and now I still read it and recite some part of think everyone should read it and get this wonderful experenice.翻译如下:很多人问我是我最喜欢的是哪一本书,我总是骄傲地回答《五千年历史> >,中文全称为关于中国历史.这将是一个长期的故事我读这本书.我第一次碰这本书是当我5岁.我妈妈买给我来说,都像我5岁的礼物.这确实是一个很好的礼物,这对我来说是开一个历史的门我,一个完全无辜的男孩.我几乎忘记了晚饭看完第一页.从那以后,我是在我的课上historist,把我的知识classmeates从那书给我.当我成为老的时候,我知道更多一点也会更具信心对自己的中国.我感到自豪的是,我是中国人,我必使更多的努力建立一个更强大的国家,让中国历史更加灿烂夺目.

你想的真美啊,自己做去吧,0分呢。。。

飘的英语毕业论文

到中国知网上去看。背景到GOOGLE 上去查。我记得有个网站上对每一小节都有分析。至于哪个网站,我已经不知道了。过去3年了。反正到处搜啊!我那时还搜到人家哈佛的图书馆去了咧。俺的论文基本上我是写成中文后来自己翻译的,用了很厚一个笔记本。因为我查不到对我有用的英文资料。还是多到图书馆多看看吧。

FuDongHua domesticating translation of "gone with the wind"

《 Float 》 , is my favorite the beauty of si brave strong, like the rui especially of tactful is resolute, like the outside of the meilanrui soft inside the beauty of si this person thing, my felling is self-contradict, is to dislike the but again and have to respect and admire is a person for having the character very much, loving two men in her whole life, but she didn't an is an understanding she understands the rare gift of a, that she will not love him;If she understands the rui especially, that she will not lose always is to be ungrateful to the rui especially of, she is just not to stop the rare gift of prince- a who make track for oneself's in a is just to think the characteristics that loves by herself that the rare gift of a have, she just does a gorgeous clothes, letting rare gift of a put on, being in love with him and fact is, she love just that her, I am to have to admire of, admire her strong, admire her to the persist of land, admire her ability under the education that that in environment under let go of before be subjected to the farmland stem live, admiring the speech that she can neglect the society but founding own life contain a few souls, an is her mother is a madam with expensive very able and gentle and soft typical model, is the person who she respect and admire most .But, mother typhoid for saving the person but ising infect, , is her more than ten in the last years favourite of person- a rare ability stands up in the adverse circumstances, have very greatly a part of reason is a rare gift of a .She the rare to a gift persists have a, is the meilanli .More than ten years that struggle together in, the meilanli has already become her life in the indispensability of a feel that the beauty of si is like a child, persisting to the thing that oneself want unusually, but to the thing that oneself own but disdain to on attend at try very hard to make the oneself happy, a push the happiness to leave constantly again, push the lover toward beauty of si is loving is a rare gift of a , but,a rare gift but don't want like the rui to especially say of, the rare gift of a is a gentleman, just wasing born in an and he inharmonious still uses the rules of the game of the old world life, will bump only beauty of si doeses not understand the a to hope the gift, so she loves him, think that exhausted whole wayses get him, but when she recognize pure he, she did not love him any beauty of si is a contradictory body, can have again who not is a contradictory body?She is in the life of road up all the way walk, be when she face the difficulty, she chooses the accolade, be when she face the responsibility, she chooses to carry, can be she face loving choice is, at first, he choose to hoodwink the oneself, being her to recognize finally pure, to face, but is already the hour already she, at incapable is a dint, will tell the oneself, tomorrow is new day, everythings will like tomorrow, the Tomorrow is another is all an in the whole story full of fire, be filled with the person of the will to enjoy most of, would be her this" Tomorrow is another day.".Was filled with the hope forever, be filled with the will to fight, can never give up, can never spirit, the most worthy of I , whenever I meet the difficulty, mood not good, I will tell the oneself then:" Tomorrow is another day.".The another in book make the female that me admire very, would be the meilanli .She is an outside soft inside just of female, she almost owned the whole virtue that female can if the rui especially says of, she is a that a handful of expensive madam that he saw is strong, she is patriotic, she uses her heart love nearby all her husband fight, she silent in the rear guard the hon, do the business of her what lies in one's power, be the north guy to beat in the city and she again soon about to deliver child, she still the town settle, being the next stem of the her body infirmity and nobodies to live soon didn't When the rice eat, she similar to beauty of si , let go of past education for be subjected to and sense of superiorities, trail weak of body next stem live, be she see the beauty of si kill a north guy, she did not be rattled, but help to bury the corpse, searching the money, wiping the blood stain, being the war finally end, north guy soldier whom she hate bitterly before arriving at her door request to look after and themselves also have no excessive food, she still fulfil her ability the ground helped them, because she hopes to also have the north guy woman of a good heart afar to her just at homing a rice of husband strong female, the but again is a such gentleness kind and persists the ground to believe the rare gift of beauty of si and a's, even someone see with own eyes they hug together, also persisting the ground to believe them, protection si knows perfectly well pain and sufferings that own body can't bear again to grow, but persist the ground to want to hope the gift to give birth to a child for the a again, end leave she loved the close relatives of the really too great, looking at themeilanli, make me thought of much more Chinese ancient times females of, they are also such dociles, work hard in spite of criticism, assist husband and bring up children, then silent unknownly old go to and depart from this the whole book, I is a rui for the person that like most is brave and persists, he can love the beauty of si so and deeply for more than ten years wants to protect the beauty of si , the doter si beauty, look after the beauty of si, let her everything feel happy, but the beauty of si says, again the time that eternal love also will dub out, but his love, drive beauty of si, drive rare gift of a , was dub out by the adherence that the si beauty is stupid heart, his daughter leaves him, his heart, return any further not to says, he has always been to have no that patience shear the ground pants and sew and like, then tells the oneself this is similar to lately, just deceive yourself as well as is ground, return and don't go to any further, even make allies, the top still stays the crack, is not originally any further that.《飘》,是我最喜爱的书。喜欢斯佳丽的勇敢坚强,喜欢瑞特的机智果断,喜欢玫兰妮的外柔内刚。对于斯佳丽这个人物,我的感觉是矛盾的,是讨厌却又不得不敬佩她。她是个非常有个性的人物,她一生中爱了两个男人,而她却没一个是了解的。如果她了解阿希礼,那她就不会爱他;如果她了解瑞特,那她就不会失去他。她一直以来是辜负瑞特的,她只是不停追寻着自己梦中的王子——阿希礼。她只是把自己爱的特点认为阿希礼有,她只是做了一件华丽的衣服,让阿希礼穿上,而后爱上他。而事实是,她爱的只是那件衣服。对于她,我是不得不佩服的,佩服她的坚强,佩服她对土地的执着,佩服她能在那中环境下放下以前所受的教育下田干活,佩服她能不顾社会上的言论而开创自己的事业。她生命有几个灵魂,一个是她的母亲。他的母亲是一位非常能干、温柔的典型贵夫人,是她最敬佩的人。可是,母亲为了救人而被传染伤寒,去世了。另一个,是她十几年来最爱的人——阿希礼。她能在逆境中站起来,有很大一部分原因就是阿希礼。她对阿希礼是异常执着的。还有一个,就是玫兰妮。在一起奋斗的十几年里,玫兰妮已经成为她生命中不可缺少的一部分了。我觉得斯佳丽就像个小孩子一样,对自己想要的东西异常执着,而对自己所拥有的东西却不屑一顾。一面在拼命让自己幸福,一面又不断地把幸福推离,把爱人推向深渊。斯佳丽爱的是阿希礼,可是,阿希礼却不要她。就像瑞特说的,阿希礼是个君子,只是生在了一个和他格格不入的时代。他还是用旧世界的游戏规则生活,只会撞得一鼻子灰。斯佳丽不了解阿希礼,所以她爱他,想尽一切办法得到他,而当她认清他时,她再也不爱他了。斯佳丽是个矛盾体,可又有谁不是矛盾体呢?她在生命的道路上一路走来,当她面对困难时,她选择迎接,当她面对责任时,她选择担负,可当她面对爱的抉择是,起初,他选择蒙蔽自己,当她终于认清,要面对时,却已为时已晚。而她,在无能为力时,就会告诉自己,明天是新的一天,明天一切都会好了,Tomorrow is another day。她在整个故事中,都是个充满生气、充满斗志的人。我最欣赏的,便是她的这句“Tomorrow is another day.”。永远充满了希望,充满斗志,永远不会放弃,永远不会绝望。这份精神,是最值得我学习的。所以,每当我遇到困难、心情不佳时,我便会告诉自己:“Tomorrow is another day.”。书中另一个使我十分佩服的女性,便是玫兰妮。她是个外柔内刚的女性,她几乎拥有了女性所能拥有的一切美德。正如瑞特说的,她是他所见过的少数贵夫人中的一个。她是坚强的,她是爱国的,她用她的心爱身边所有的人。当她丈夫打仗时,她在后方默默守侯,做她力所能及的事,当北佬打进城而她又快要临盆时,她依然镇定,当她身体虚弱而没人下地干活快要没饭吃时,她和斯佳丽一样,放下过去所受的教育和优越感,拖着虚弱的身体下地干活,当她看到斯佳丽杀了一个北佬时,她没有惊慌失措,而是帮着掩埋尸体,搜查钱财,擦拭血迹,当战争终于结束,她痛恨的北佬士兵来到她门前要求照顾而她们自己也没有过多粮食时,她还是尽她所能地帮助他们,因为她希望在远方也有一个好心的北佬女人给她正在回家的丈夫一口饭吃。如此一位坚强的女性,却又是如此的温柔善良和善解人意。她执着地相信斯佳丽和阿希礼,即使有人亲眼看见他们搂在一起,也执着地相信他们,保护斯佳丽。她明知自己的身体无法再承受生育的痛苦,却执着地要再为阿希礼生个孩子,最终离开了她爱了一辈子的亲人们。真的是太伟大了,看着玫兰妮,使我想到许许多多的中国古代女性,她们也是如此的善良,任劳任怨,相夫教子,然后默默无名地老去、死去。整部书中,我最为喜欢的人物就是瑞特。他勇敢、执着,他能那么深地爱着斯佳丽十几年不变。他想保护斯佳丽,宠爱斯佳丽,照料斯佳丽,让她事事称心,而斯佳丽却拒绝了。他说过,再永恒的爱也会有磨光的时候,而他的爱,是被斯佳丽,被阿希礼,被斯佳丽愚蠢的固执磨光的。他的心,死了。当他女儿离开他时,他的心,再也回不来了。他说过,他从来没有那个耐心把剪碎的裤子缝好,再告诉自己这就和新的一样,自欺欺人罢了。碎了就是碎了,再也回不去了,即使修好,上面仍然留有裂缝,再也不是原来那条了。瑞特是个复杂的人,他有良好的家世,但却仍和旧时代格格不入,他有锐利的眼睛,可以在乱世找到自己的处身之道,他对国家有热情,即使他明知必败无疑,却仍在最后关头入了军。他爱斯佳丽,但他更了解斯佳丽,所以他从不说,只是通过行动表达,而斯佳丽却从来不想去了解他。最后,他绝望了,一次又一次的失望使他再也没有勇气再去尝试,他累了。《飘》绝对是部值得再三品味的好书,文字优美,情节跌荡起伏、扣人心弦,虽然其中由于作者的主观因素,对于美国南北战争的评价并不客观和全面,但以文学角度来说,这绝对是一部绝世佳作,值得一看。备注:中文后几段英文好像没有翻译,宁外《飘》英文名应该是《go with wind》

里面的人物性格特征很明显 像思嘉 在那个年代她作为一个女性能为自己的土地争取到最大的利益 我很佩服她 瑞德的个性是个不适合在那个年代的 不过他可以为了自己的女儿和那些表面上虚伪的人称兄道弟斯佳丽除了有智慧外还有责任心 负担着四五口人 她本质上是个小女孩即使在战后历经磨难瑞特把注意力转移到邦尼身上 她后来对钱十分渴求 心理学上称为追求安全感 战争之苦让她没有安全感 所以她总会做身处迷雾的梦 而最后她才发现瑞特是她梦中的谜底失去了才懂得珍惜,我很可怜这个女人,却不能对他的一些做法苟同.在那个时代,他能够坚强的活下来 确实不易,然而爱情决不是一个人可以任意挥霍的资本! 当爱情就在你身边的时候,记得要认清 要珍惜 要呵护!最后的结局让我很失望也感到失落,当失去的时候才知道谁才是自已真正爱的人,真爱往往就在身边,却失之交臂in her eyes,nothing is more important than him .She could run through the war,but she hasn't grown up by didn't know what she want,and always run after the thing she couldn't get,and was never satisfied with her result is terrible ,she lost what she had !after all tomorrow is another day !中文名:飘英语名:Gone with the wind法语名:Autant en emporte le vent导演:Victor Fleming原著:《飘》(玛格丽特·米切尔著)出品:米高梅公司主演:Vivien Leigh, Clark Gable, Leslie Howard, Olivia de Havilland, Hattie McDaniel等1936年,美国女作家玛格丽特·米切尔的畅销小说《飘》问世了。好莱坞制片人大卫·O·谢尔兹尼克出五万美元买下了拍摄权,并先后动用十八位编剧将这部三卷集的小说改写成电影剧本。《乱世佳人》(GONE WITH THE WIND)是好莱坞影史上最值得骄傲的一部旷世巨片,影片放映时间长达4小时,观者如潮。其魅力贯穿整个20世纪,因此有好莱坞“第一巨片”之称。影片当年耗资400多万美元,历时三年半完成,其间数换导演,银幕上出现了60多位主要演员和9000多名配角演员。在1939年的第12届奥斯卡奖中一举夺得八项金像奖,轰动美国影坛。这部耗资巨大,场景豪华,战争场面宏大逼真的历史巨片,以它令人称道的艺术成就成为美国电影史上一部经典作品,令人百看不厌。1861年南北战争爆发的前夕,塔拉庄园的千金小姐郝思嘉爱上了另一庄园主的儿子艾希利,但艾希利却选择了表妹——温柔善良的韩媚兰为终身伴侣。郝思嘉出于妒恨,抢先嫁给了韩媚 兰的弟弟查尔斯。不久,美国南北战争爆发了。艾希利和查尔斯作 为征兵上了前线。查尔斯很快就在战争中死去了。郝思嘉成了寡妇, 但她内心却一直热恋着艾希利。一天,在一次举行义卖的舞会上,郝思嘉和风度翩翩的商人白瑞德相识。白瑞德开始追求郝思嘉,但遭到她的拒绝。郝思嘉一心只想着去追求艾希利,结果也遭到拒绝。在战争中,美国南方军遭到失败,亚特兰大城里挤满了伤兵。 郝思嘉和表妹韩媚兰自愿加入护士行列照顾伤兵。目睹战乱带来的惨状,任性的郝思嘉成熟了不少。这时,从前线传来消息,北方军快打过来了,不少人家惊惶地开始逃离家园。不巧韩媚兰要生孩子了,郝思嘉只好留下来照顾她。在北方军大军压境之日,郝思嘉哀求白瑞德帮忙护送她和刚生 下孩子的韩媚兰回塔拉庄园。白瑞德告诉郝思嘉他不能目睹南方军 溃败而不去助一臂之力,他要参加南方军作战,他留下一把手枪并 和郝思嘉拥吻告别。郝思嘉只好独自勇敢地驾驶马车回到塔拉庄园, 这时家里已被北方军士兵抢先洗动一空,母亲在惊吓中死去。不久,战争结束了。生活依然困苦。北方来的统治者要庄园主 缴纳重税,郝思嘉在绝望中去亚特兰大城找白瑞德借钱,但得知他 已被关进监狱。归来的途中,郝思嘉遇上了本来要迎娶她妹妹的暴 发户弗兰克,为了要重振破产的家业,她取弗兰克和自己结了婚。郝思嘉在弗兰克经营的木材厂非法雇用囚犯,并和北方来的商人大做生意。此时,白瑞德因用钱贿赂而恢复了自由。两人偶然碰面,再次展开爱恨交织的关系。弗兰克和艾希利因加入了反政府的秘密组织,在一次集会时遭 北方军包围,弗兰克中弹死亡,艾希利负伤逃亡,在白瑞德帮助下 回到韩媚兰身边。郝思嘉再次成为寡妇。此时,白瑞德前来向她求 婚,她终于与一直爱她的搞私运军火和粮食致富的白瑞德结了婚。 婚后,夫妻二人住在亚特兰大的豪华大宅。一年后,女儿邦妮出生, 白瑞德把全部感情投注到邦妮身上。郝思嘉偶然翻阅艾希利的照片 被白瑞德发现,终于导致了二人感情的破裂。其后,在艾希利的生日会前夕,郝思嘉与艾希利相见时热情的拥抱引起旁人非议,但韩媚兰不相信他们之间有暧昧关系。白瑞德可不这样想。当郝思嘉告诉白瑞德她已经再次怀孕时,白瑞德怀疑地问那是谁的孩子?郝思嘉在羞怒之下欲打白瑞德,却不慎滚下楼梯引起流产。白瑞德感到内疚,决心同郝思嘉言归于好,不料就在他俩谈话时,小女儿邦妮意外坠马摔死了。与此同时不幸的事也在另一个家庭里发生,韩媚兰终因操劳过度卧病不起。临终前,她把自已的丈夫艾希利和儿子托付给郝思嘉,但要求她保守这个秘密,郝思嘉不顾一切扑向艾希利的怀中,紧紧拥抱住他,站在一旁的白瑞德无法再忍受下去,而转身离去。面对伤心欲绝毫无反应的艾希利,郝思嘉终于明白,她爱的艾希利其实是不存在的,她真正需要的是白瑞德。当郝思嘉赶回家里告诉白瑞德,她是真正爱他的时候,白瑞德已不再相信她。他决心离开郝思嘉,返回老家去寻找美好的事物, 被遗弃的郝思嘉站在浓雾迷漫的院中,想起了父亲曾经对她说过的 一句话:“世界上唯有土地与明天同在。”她决定守在她的土地上 重新创造新的生活,她期盼着美好的明天的到来。本片在第十二届奥斯卡金像奖中荣获八项大奖:最佳影片奖、最佳艺术指导奖、最佳编剧奖、最佳导演奖、最佳摄影奖、最佳女主角奖、最佳女配角奖和最佳剪辑奖。永恒的战争与爱情的主题,永远的《乱世佳人》。

与飘有关的论文题目

这个题目的话,可以分阶段写。分为两条线,对比Scarlet在同一时间分别对这两个人抱有怎样的感情,又是怎样发展的。最后大体概括一下。可以从scarlet所看到的,ashley所看到的和bulter所看到的入手。

要好好写哦,

关于女主角的人格分析怎么样?那是个很经典的人物

有关飘的文学论文题目

分析《飘》的人物特征浅谈《飘》中郝思嘉的性格形成

论文题目即文章的题名,题目犹如“文眼”,能准确反映论文特定的核心内容,至关重要。下面是我带来的关于美国文学论文题目的内容,欢迎阅读参考!美国文学论文题目(一) 1. 从伊丽莎白和达西的爱情管窥英国人的婚恋观 2. 浅析永别了武器的艺术风格 3. 论傲慢与偏见中的金钱与婚姻 4. 通过《莎菲女士的日记》和《三个金币》比较 5. 弗吉尼亚.沃夫与丁玲的女权主义思想 6. 呼啸山庄中的爱与仇 7. 浅谈《最后一个莫西干人》的风景和种族文化冲突 8. 论《觉醒》中的象征主义 呼啸山庄中的环境分析 9. 论《觉醒》中的象征主义 10. 简爱的双重性----简爱眼中的女权主义与平等主义 11. 《双城记》中狄更斯的人道主义思想 12. 海明威作品中的女性形象 13. 乱世佳人中两位女性之对比 14. 苔丝悲剧及其成因 15. 对大卫•科波菲尔的性格分析 16. 论《了不起的盖茨比》中美国梦的破灭 17. 从《傲慢与偏见》看女性意识 18. 儿子和情人中人际关系探讨 19. 浅析《了不起的盖茨比》中美国梦的破灭 20. 黑暗的召唤--分析《麦克白》中女巫及其预言 21. 论《飘》的社会价值及斯嘉丽人物性格 22. 论《鲁宾逊漂流记》中的资本主义倾向 美国文学论文题目(二) 1、海明威战争小说中的人道主义分析 2、解读《老人与海》的主题思想 3、王子复仇记》主题分析 4、哈姆雷特之性格分析 5、论悲剧《李尔王》的艺术技巧 6、浪漫主义文学与新古典主义文学之对比研究 7、王国维的“出入说”与华兹华斯的诗论 8、由爱反映出的个性-《简.爱》中情爱的分析 9、浅析王尔德的文艺主张 10、托马斯.哈代-一个传统主义者还是现代主义者 11、苔丝:一个纯洁的女人 12、殖民地时期美国文学的特点 13、华盛.欧文-真正的美国文学之父 14、清教与美国文学 15、论马克吐温的艺术风格 16、论亨利詹姆斯的“国际题材” 17、美国现实主义文学运动的特点 18、美国梦与美国噩梦-试析《大人物盖茨比》 19、当代汉语文学与外国文学的联系 20、《章鱼》:有的放矢的一本小说 美国文学论文题目(三) 1. 价值观的碰撞-中美交流的根本冲突 2. 《鲁滨逊漂流记》中的个人主义 3. 早期美国现实主义小说初探 4. 自由之旅-析马克.吐温哈克贝里.费恩历险记 5. 浅谈哈代“性格与环境”小说中的“性格”和“环境”的关系 6. 海明威小说的叙述声音 7. 从嘉莉妹妹的形象看德莱塞的女性观 8. 《红字》中的海斯特?白兰形象解读 9. 《白鲸》的宗教意义透视 10. 《老人与海》中主人公圣地亚哥的命运新析 11. 从《永别了,武器》看海明威的写作技巧 12. 论海明威作品中的女性形象 13. 《欲望号街车》的幻想与现实的对立 14. 静水流深-----罗伯特?弗罗斯特诗歌 15. 《喧哗与骚动》的象征意义 16. 哈代小说中的自然主义 17. 《太阳依旧升起》中“迷惘的一代” 18. 白色和红色-----苔丝的双重象征色 19. 挣扎于“围城”中的悲剧人物-方鸿渐 20. 论《红字》中海斯特和丁梅斯代尔对爱情、罪恶、生活的态度 21. 关于斯佳丽的生活观 猜你喜欢: 1. 英美文学类论文范文 2. 浅谈英美文学论文 3. 英美文学论文范文 4. 英美文学方向毕业论文 5. 美国文化学术论文格式要求

论文的题目是一篇论文的灵魂,好的题目可以吸引人们的眼球。下面是我带来的关于美国文学方向论文选题的内容,欢迎阅读参考! 美国文学方向论文选题(一) 1. 从《在路上》看五六十年代美国社会价值观 2. 评希思克利夫被扭曲的心路历程 3. 试论马克·吐温短篇小说的幽默特色 4. 惠特曼的死亡哲学 5. 论《呼啸山庄》--原始古朴与文明理性的交错色彩 6. 论《了不起的盖茨比》中“二元主角”手法的运用 7. 透过小说《威廉·威尔逊》和《黑猫》看艾伦·坡的善恶观 8. 从《飘》看内战对美国文学的影响 9. 论《美国丽人》一片中人物的两面性 10. 论海明威小说中的死亡主题 11. 浅析艾丽丝·沃克的《紫颜色》 12. 女性作家的共性 13. 《倾城之恋》与《飘》的女权意识比较研究 14. 《失乐园》 与《圣经》中撒旦形象的对比 15. 《老人与海》与《鲁宾逊漂流记》的比较研究 16. 哥特式风格在《弗兰克斯坦》中的体现 17. 浅议反讽手法在《蝇王》中的运用 18. 分析麦尔维尔《白鲸》中的象征主义 19. 艾略特早期诗歌中的人物形象分析 20. 《丧钟为谁而鸣》中的女性形象分析 美国文学方向论文选题(二) 1. 从《简爱 》看早期女权主义的理想和追求 2. 十九世 纪英国小说家笔下的真、善、美 3. 英国十 八世纪浪漫主义诗人的自然观 4. Romanticism in Mark Twin's works 5. 批评方法之我见 段燕 6. 浅谈泰戈尔的生命 段燕 7. 浅谈《红字》中珠儿形象的作用 8. 论《 红字》中的道德主题 9. 论海丝特·白兰的性 格发展 10. 《红字》中象征手法的运用 11. 论霍桑《红字》中“A”的象征意义 12. 象征意向在《了不起的盖茨比》中的运用 13. 论《了不起的盖茨比》的艺术特点 14. 伍尔夫创作中的女权主义立场 15. 弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫的女权思想 16. 伍尔夫女 性视角中的女性形象分析 17. 流派研究 18. 世纪美国浪漫主义与英国浪漫主义 19. 超现实主义 20. 魔幻现实主义 21. Jane as a narrator and as a character 22. Character Analysis of Nancy, the “criminal” in Oliver Twist 23. Virginia Woolf and Modern Feminine Independence 24. An Analysis of Charles Dickens' Great Expectation 美国文学方向论文选题(三) 1、 透过《傲慢与偏见》看现代社会爱情观 2、生与死的抗争--《厄舍古厦的倒塌》主题解读 3、浅谈“欧·亨利式结尾”及其文学影响 4、从宗教角度解读简爱的多重性格 5、从女权主义角度剖析《小妇人》中的乔 6、 “英雄”的陨落--悲剧美学角度分析《老人与海》 7、 从《菊花》中看女主人公Elisa实现自我价值的障碍 8、奉献与宽容---浅析《双城记》中的仁爱精神 9、 《格列佛游记》中对理性的反思与批判 10、浅析《警察和赞美诗》的戏剧化特色 11、一场失败革命的反思---论《动物庄园》中所表现的象征意义 12、论詹姆斯·乔伊斯《阿拉比》的精神顿悟 13、从后印象主义角度解读《到灯塔去》中的双性同体观 14、 从中西方道德观差异谈《伊利亚特》与《封神演义》人物品德 15、 韦伯《猫》中的女性主义 16、 浅析《儿子与情人》中的心理冲突 17、浅析中西方喜剧文化---以《武林外传》和《老友记》为例 18、从女性主义看《傲慢与偏见》中的女性形象 19、《瓦尔登湖》中自然主义的现实意义 20、 从男性角色解读《简爱》中的女性反抗意识 猜你喜欢: 1. 英美文学方向毕业论文 2. 文化方向论文题目 3. 英美文学方向论文 4. 美国文化学术论文格式 5. 美国文化学术论文格式要求

有关英语方面的论文范文

How to improve your English in full detail (my experience) The Third EditionTo be good at English is not particularly easy but not terribly hard you start to learn sentences, or new words, the first and also the most important step is the "pronunciation". To pronounce perfectly you should buy a tape to assist you to learn and practise. This is the fundamental step to learn English, ignore or pay no attention to this step; you will not learn proper English and you will find the later steps more and more difficult. If you are solid and accurate in pronunciation, you will find the later steps much easier and you will stand firmly on the right mastering the pronunciation perfectly, it is the time to accumulate new words and useful expressions. Of course start from the simplest words like “hello, hi, you, me, he, him, his, her”, etc.... and expressions like “how are you, how old are you, how do you do”, etc.......... It is essential to write the words on a piece of paper so that you remember them well. Actually everyone had done these at his/her primary school.*************Now let me tell you how I learnt English in China. *******************Speaking:In China, you won't have enough chances to speak English. What I did was in the morning I got up early and read aloud the texts in the textbooks. The initial aim was to achieve the same speed as the tape, and then being able to read aloud the texts with the same style as the English announcer in the tape. By doing this, it helps you to consolidate your pronunciation and it is much easier to learn English in China because you can watch some TV channels in English. The more channels in English the better because you can choose your preferred programmes and it helps you to learn English with interests of your own, hence ideal for listening and expression/words is also very useful to write diaries. On writing diaries, it is not useful if you just write it without the care of grammar and spelling. When you finish you should always read your diaries again to check for errors and refine your sentences (. remove repetitive words, use better expressions, and sort out the structure of the sentences).Reading:It is also very important to read story books in English, starting from thin ones with not many new words. Read as many thin books as you possibly can. Little by Little you will want to read thicker books, and your reading ability will get even four elements together:I have to emphasise that when you do all these reading, listening, writing and speaking; you should join them together as a whole, apply the new words you learn from watching TV, reading books to your writing and enhancement of learning comes from getting hold of the possible opportunities to speak English (in China or abroad):In China, you should try to go to local English corner to practise your oral English. If you are abroad then you should make a lot of English or international friends so you always have the opportunity to speak Spoken English, attitude is very important. You need to be very keen and you must not be shy. Never be afraid to make mistakes. Always think that a talk in English with some one will help you can think in this way: since my parents have paid so much to support me to study abroad, the money is partly spent on the international environment for learning English; therefore I ought to try my best to take every opportunity to practise my English. My English has risen to a higher level in the last 2 years, because I talk in English most of the time. Having some international friends is particularly useful indeed. Summing up the activities:I have also been watching TV too. The real improvement lies in staying with international friends long enough and watching a lot of TV such as news, football, dramas, documentaries etc.... Writing diaries also helps me to remember good words, good expressions and practise sentence structuring.*****Now, I have finished talking about how to learn and improve General is the time to switch to "Your Major in English" *******************************Knowing general English on its own is not going to be sufficient for most people. Skills are as important as mastering another language. General English helps people to communicate with each other in their lives. Technical English helps you to take on challenges to change the world for the highest, to earn money for your living for the people who have a degree in English go abroad to learn something different but heavily based on the language such as Media study, Journalist, History, Education or even a bit more technical like Finance, Business Administration or is extremely useful to know more because there are so many words in English and they appear differently to each other. For people whose second language is English, will find it difficult to guess the meaning of a new sure, it is not possible to know a major first and put all your effort on that major, in the end you will have a rich vocabulary of that on learning Technical English:To master technical English in your area of study, there are two difficulties to , the language, because it is not your first language, you need to remember the terms, knowing how to pronounce it and spell , surely you need to understand the terms in a technical matter what field, it is going to be the same; the two difficulties above must be I take Physics as an example (note that whatever field you are looking into is going to be similar):The term "momentum" is basically the product of the mass of the object and the velocity it travels. Obviously, you need to understand mass and velocity as well. If you understand mass and velocity, then you get the explanation of the term "momentum" in physics, then you are most likely to understand the word and use it properly in the technical world of Physics. From this example, you can see how to understand a technical word in a technical fashion: you need to understand the very fundamental knowledge of a field to be able to understand more complex terminologies or learning technical English in your field of study, I have a good recommendation to save your time:To understand technical knowledge in your first language (Chinese), then you might not have the second it left to overcome is just the first difficulty (the language), hence the effort required is can give you an example of my own:When I was learning chemistry at A-level, I had already learnt inorganic chemistry at the equivalent level in China, so I had no difficulty whatsoever in learning inorganic chemistry in the UK in I had not learnt organic chemistry in China, and I was struggling significantly in learning organic chemistry in the UK due to dual difficulties.************OK, I have finished talking about how to improve your technical i will talk about IT (Information Technology), why is this important? Because nowadays it is the information age, you need to know computers, Internet, media and communications etc. Knowing how to use Internet to search information will help your English. ************I don't want to waffle too much on this. Computers are more and more important nowadays, everyone wants a computer and most people have their own computers. But most people are not using the right Operating System for learning English. Now I would like to introduce you to Debian Linux Operating system or a much nicer operating system called Ubuntu Linux. If you still don't have a computer you can buy a China's home grown computer based on a Loongson CPU. It saves your electricity and your time to deal with will help you to improve your English skills because you need to read some documents and follow the instructions to set up software programs, it also requires you to search the Internet (Google for example) to find the answers to your problems (. installations of software programs)you can read about the commands of Linux in the terminal by putting in "man " , so then you can read it and try to understand the content which will enable you to carry out the right operations. The whole process of Reading, Understanding and deploying will improve your you install, do remember to install it as a UK English version.(Note that this IT section is more for people who take Science and Engineering courses)**********************************************************************Final wordsIt is the time to end this long talk on improving good your English will be will heavily depend on how good your first language when you go back to China for holidays, you should read as much as you can in Chinese because this will also help your English in a greater depth.*********************************************************************Please note that the above is my own experience, it might not apply to you completely since your learning style could be different. Please take the advice which is right for you. I would regret deeply if my experience damaged your learning or wasted your time. Please look at it sensibly. This is the third edition of “How to improve your English in full detail (my experience)”, I have made some corrections and changes to the second edition, and I hope that this is useful to you. I wish you all the best!你应该会用得着

语言既是人类社会进行交际的重要工具,又是文化的重要组成部分,语言和文化密不可分。下文是我为大家整理的关于英语语言文化方面论文的范文,欢迎大家阅读参考!

解读酒店英语中的语言文化

摘 要: 酒店服务人员应从与饭店英语相关的中西方文化知识出发,领会文化差异和语言差异,以矫正由于中西文化差异而带来的语言偏差,从而达到学习语言、吸收文化和服务客人的目的。

关键词: 酒店英语 语言文化 文化差异

一、引言

语言与文化密切相关,不同文化习惯的语言不可避免地会发生冲突,而跨文化语言沟通存在于涉外高星酒店服务的各个环节。因此,酒店英语不仅是语言知识的学习,而且是语言文化和交际技能的培训。语言的本质属性不是语言知识而是思维。当一个人不了解该语言所蕴涵的文化时,那必然会发生语用错误。

二、具有本质特性的酒店英语

酒店英语属旅游专业英语范畴,具有专业英语的针对性(pertinence)和服务英语的得体性(decency)。语言标准应为:明晰、通畅、表意得当。如:

Waiter:How would you like with your steak?Rare,medium or well-done?(请问您牛排要几成熟?三成,五成还是七成?)

Guest:Rare,please.(三成。)

通常,rare是“稀少”的意思;medium是“中间”的意思;well-done是“干得好”的意思。而出现在服务员为客人点菜的流程中,它的意思就非常具有专业英语的针对性了。语言学家吕叔湘先生对言语得体有这样的描述:“此时此地此人说此事,这样的说法最好;对另外的人在另外的场合说的还是这件事,这样的说法就不一定最好,就应使用另一种说法。”请看下面这组酒店客人和服务员之间的对话:

Guest:Hi,waiter,you speak beautiful English.

Waiter: Thank you,sir. Welcome to Holiday Inn.

Waiter顺应英语习惯欣然接受,而非按中文习惯去拒绝,说“No,no,My English is not good.”以示谦虚,否则只会使顾客感到莫名其妙,不知所云。由此看出,服务语言的得体性在酒店英语的情境应用中显现得淋漓尽致。

三、文化差异(Cultural Difference)在酒店英语中的体现

文化影响着语言学习的思维方式,因此中英两种语言文化交汇时,必然会发生冲突。语言学家曾指出:“在与外族人交谈时,本族人对于他们在语音和语法方面的错误较宽容。与此相反,违反说话规则被认为是不够礼貌的。因为本族人不大可能认识到社会语言学的相对性。”这种情况又被称之为“社交语用失误”,它主要是指由于文化背景差异,交际时出现语用习惯错误。在酒店服务岗位的英语使用时,中英文化的差异将会给酒店服务中的语言交流带来不便。

(一)招呼(Greeting)用语

按照中国的文化习惯,问候和打招呼时,常爱涉及对方本身,询问的内容显得十分具体。中国人见面打招呼时最喜欢用的口头语如:

“吃饭了吗?”(Have you finished your dinner?)

“上哪儿去?”(Where have you been?)

如果将上面的招呼用语拿来用在老外身上,定会令他们感到丈二和尚摸不着头脑。例如:在酒店,初次见面对一位英美女客人说:“Did you have your lunch?”她会感到非常诧异。因为在他们的文化里,这样打招呼是暗示邀请的意思。这也是酒店英语服务中服务人员要引以为戒的。

与之不同,英语国家人打招呼,通常以天气(weather)、健康状况(health)、体育(sports)或兴趣爱好(interest/hobby)作为话题。如:

What a lovely day!(今天天气真好呀!)

I like hiking,and you?(我喜欢徒步旅行,你呢?)

(二)介绍(Introduction)用语

中国人小学第一节英语课便学了“What’s your name?”这句话。而这句话伴随许多人长大,考过了四、六级,TOEFL,IELTS,但对于它在何种情况下使用却鲜有解释。实际上,英语国家的人在第一次见面时一般先把自己的名字告诉对方,如“I am ...”,对方会自然地说出自己的姓名。因此“I’m ...”这里可以直接译成“请问贵姓?”。即使在填写表格、面谈等场合需要问及姓名时,一般也只说“Your name,please?”或“May I have your name?”如果使用“What’s your name?”会有一种被审问的感觉。一般只有海关人员、警察采用这种问讯句式。因此酒店员工在客人check-in(入住登记)或check-out(办理退房)的时候,一定要注意礼貌而得体的问询,以免冒犯客人。

(三)称赞(compliment)和接受赞扬

在人际交往中,谦虚和低调是中国人崇尚的表达方式,常会用“哪里哪里”、“不行,差远了”来回应别人的夸奖。而西方人则认为实话实说才能友好往来,而会欣然接受来自他人的赞扬。也常用赞美作为交谈的话题,如赞美对方出色的工作等。面对客人的赞美,员工的回答应是:“Thank you.”如:

Guest:You did a good job!

Waitress:Ah,thank you.

(四)关于隐私(privacy)

在中国,初次见面询问对方年龄、婚姻、收入是很自然随意的事情。而倾向自我、独立和自由的英语国家的人,会认为这些内容涉及个人隐私。如:

Are you married?(你结婚了吗?)

What’s your salary?(你的薪水是多少?)

以上内容涉及个人隐私,服务员切忌问及客人此类问题。因此,当酒店员工对入住客人的基本情况不甚了解时,“Is your husband/wife with you?”或“How many children do you have?”这样的问话是不得体的。

(五)搭配词语(phrase)表达

搭配词语指词与词的横向组合关系。搭配是民族文化中约定俗成的,不能用中文的搭配思维去套用到英语里面。在酒店用语中经常用到的如:“红茶”英语为“black tea”,而“black coffee”用汉语表示为“不加糖的咖啡”;“红酒”在英语中是“wine”(不是red wine);而white wine中文也不译成“白酒”。因此在搭配词语运用时,同样要注意词汇表达中的文化内涵。

四、尊重语言文化、提高饭店英语应用能力

世界各民族由于历史渊源、思想方式、生活习性、审美观念、价值理念、宗教信仰等不同,从而产生了文化上的差异。语用能力的提高离不开目标语国家的文化因素,因此要增强文化意识、主动自觉地吸收并融入他人文化环境中。

在培养文化意识(culture consciousness),理解语言内涵的同时,还应注重不同的文化有着不同的语用原则,注重词汇文化差异、句法文化差异及日常习俗文化差异来强化文化意识,为提高正确语用能力奠定基础。不能视酒店英语为简单的口语交流,必须增强对英语文化背景知识的学习,要树立英汉语言差异意识,懂得英语在不同语境中的应用,即掌握一些文化语用知识。

五、结语

综上所述,酒店服务人员应改掉以往只重视语言本身而忽视语言文化的不合理做法,把文化因素纳入语言之中,用英语进行有效得体的交际。努力培养文化习得意识并使文化的规范与语言技能的培养同步进行。不仅注意语言形式的正确,还要重视语言运用是否恰当。既要有母语和英语两种语言的对比语言学修养,又要有两国比较文化背景学方面的知识,这才是成为国际化酒店具有跨文化意识人才的首要条件。

参考文献:

[1]Denney 著.梁晓波,王才美,刘亚琴译.现代美国饭店经营与管理[M].湖南科技出版社,2001.

[2]鲍伯・里宾斯基著.李正喜译.专业酒水[M].大连理工大学出版社,2002.

[3]许元娜.提高大学生英语学习能力的研究[J].齐齐哈尔医学院学报,2009.

[4]刘燕婷.旅游英语情景体验式教学初探[J].淮北职业技术学院学报,2009,(2).

浅析美式英语语言文化特点分析

摘要:美国文化是崇尚自由、平等和自我的文化,其包容性十分强,具有多元化的民族融合性。其核心文化特征是追求人人平等和自我价值的实现。这些文化特征在美式英语文化中有着深刻的体现。文章结合美国文化的产生背景对其语言分析特点进行分析探讨。

关键词:美式英语;语言文化;特点

引言

美国文化是一种非常独特的民族文化。从世界文化的区域和类型来说,美国文化属于西方文化范畴。但与其他西方文化相比,美国文化有着许多迥然不同的地方,它不但有别于与其有着亲缘关系的英国文化。而且有别于它的邻国加拿大和其他欧洲国家的文化。语言与文化的关系是水乳交融、不可分割的。

首先,语言体现了文化。一方面,语言是文化的一部分。根据文化的狭义定义,文化是从社会习得的知识。而语言则是人类对客观事实的认识和感受的反应,属于人类文化的一部分。另一方面,语言是文化的载体。因为语言是人类思维和交流的工具,也是人类形成思想的中介。本文试图从美国英语所反映的移民文化、价值观念、新文化等方面来分析美式英语语言文化的形成特点。

一、美式英语的形成背景

美国英语的形成与发展与美国的移民历史所带来的文化大融合有着密切关系。17世纪初,英国开始在北美进行殖民活动,在北美建立多个殖民地,而在殖民地的通用语言就是英语。之后不断有欧洲人移民到这片大陆上。自殖民地时期,美国英语就在多民族的接触与融合中从异族的语言文化中吸取营养,充实内涵,加快语言的多元化发展,形成美国英语的独特的融合特征。德语、法语、西班牙语、荷兰语和印第安语、黑人语言等移民群体的语言词汇不断渗透到美国人使用的英语里。

另一方面,美国政治、经济、人口结构和社会生活的特殊性,推动了作为社会交际工具的语言美国英语的独立与发展。在词汇、语音和语法结构等方面有别于英国英语的民族语言,美国英语的形成关键在于这个民族在新的社会和生活环境中不拘一格地创造和使用新词。而美国英语中丰富的新词都是出现在普通大众的言谈之中。

由于美国新社会特有的力量和群众性语言占据优势,因此,在美国,语言影响的流程是由下而上发展的。在美国英语中,最贴近生活和最能反映平民要求与社会生活特征的是俚语,俚语是美国英语词汇的主要来源之一。方言和俚语一样分布广泛,来自社会各个阶层,是美国民族语言的生命源泉,既有浓厚的民族文化内涵,又有丰富的表现力和多样性,大量的方言和俚语使得美国英语在较短的时间内区别于英国英语而成为美利坚民族的民族语言。

二、美式英语的语言文化特点

1、个体主义价值观及其在美国英语中的表现

美国文化以个体为本位,个人主义在美国发展到登峰造极的地步,是美国价值观的核心。它的主要内容是通过自力更生达到自我实现。与它联系最紧密的是自由平等竞争。机会均等和个人自由是实现自我价值的基本保障,而竞争是实现个人价值的根本途径。美国人在创造自己文化的同时,也创造了许多表现个人主义的词汇。最有代表性的如:self-absorption(自我专注)、self-limitation(自我制约)、self-cultivate(自我修养)、self-conquest(自我战胜)、self-admiration(自我赞赏)、self-control(自我控制)、self-dependence(自立)、self-reliance(自我依靠)、self-responsibility(自我负责)、self-advancement(自我发展)、self-salesmanship(自我宣传)、self-fulfilling(自我实现)、self-protection(自我保护)等。个体主义价值观特别重视对个人空间和私生活的保护和尊重。"privacy"(隐私)一词在美国人的意识中占有异常重要的位置。无论是在生活空间还是在情感处理上,哪怕是对一个未成年的孩子,都会尊重对方的选择和隐私。

2、美国英语与印第安文化

土著印第安人是美洲大陆最早的定居者,他们的祖先是具有亚洲蒙古人血统的游牧狩猎者,他们于后冰川时代跨过白令海峡来到北美大陆。从美国英语中可以找出许多反映印第安文化的词语。如山川、河流、湖泊等。美国英语吸收了约有2000个左右的印第安词语。

印第安人善于狩猎并拥有种植的技艺,因此很多动物和植物的名称都来自印第安语。如mose(麋)、pecan(美洲核桃)等。美国各州的名称,有一半是来自印第安语。如密苏里州(Missouri)、俄勒冈州(Oregon)、密西根州(Michigan)、马萨诸塞州(Massachusetts)、犹他州(Utah)等。另外,许多与印第安人的部落关系、生活方式、宗教习俗、农作物以及社会机构有关的词也来自印第安语。

3、美国英语使用的通俗化和标新立异的意识

美国人在词语的使用上有通俗化的特点,他们不喜欢咬文嚼字,说话力求形象、易懂。最能体现美国人用词通俗化的是美国俚语。美国俚语是平民百姓的语言,虽通俗形象不矫揉造作,但有些也难免流于粗俗,这些粗俗的俚语不宜登大雅之堂。但有时为了避免语言单调和落入俗套,上流人物甚至总统也敢离径叛道。贵为总统,出言粗俗,无非是想表明自己敢于向常规与正统挑战,在语言表达上突出自己的粗犷个性和创新意识。

汽车文化是美国社会的显著特点,美国人经常借用汽车的商标来比喻其他产品的质量和等级。如,美国Ford汽车公司曾生产一种滞销的Edsel牌汽车,于是,Edlse就常被用来比喻为"彻底失败的产品或人"。

结语

美国英语丰富多彩,反映了美国文化的千姿百态。而且,美国英语的每一个演变都有其社会背景和文化内涵,是与美国社会的发展齐头并进的。它们真实地反映了美国社会的发展历程,是美国各个历史时期社会活动和文化思潮的折射。在美国英语中,不仅蕴藏着美利坚民族特有的传统文化、价值观念和性格特征,而且也突出地体现了语言的时代特征。

参考文献

[1]李正国.从美国地名浅析美式英语来源[J].内蒙古民族大学学报.2007(03)

[2]陈凌.美国文化在英语中的投影[J].广西师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版).2001(02)

[3]张莉娟.美国英语所反映出的美国文化[J].陕西教育学院学报.2007(01)

语言不仅是思维和交际的工具,同时也是社会 文化 的反应,并制约人们的思维。下文是我为大家整理的关于英语语言文化论文 范文 的内容,欢迎大家阅读参考!关于英语语言文化论文范文篇1 浅探习语语言在英语中文化要素 1 历史发展的文化要素 在历史发展的长河中,由于受民族迁徙、异域民族入侵、民族内部战争等因素的影响,语言被烙上了清晰的印痕。作为富含深层文化内涵的英语习语,更是深受这些因素的影响。在英国历史上,英法两个国家战争不断,其中以英法七年战争和英法百年战争最为著名,法国文化对英国文化影响很大,成为现代英语的三大来源之一。 例如习语French leav(e不辞而别)、French frie(s炸薯条)、stew in one’s own juic(e自作自受)等。其中Frenchleave 指在 18 世纪的法国流行一种参加宴会的客人不向主人告辞而自行离去的习俗。而在法语中,也有“英国式告辞(不辞而别)”之说。这也是两国人相互调侃的方式之一。历史上罗马人曾经统治英国达四百年之久,古罗马文化对英国文化的影响烙印深刻。英语中受古罗马文化影响的习语俯拾皆是,像Do in Rome as the Romans do(入乡随俗)、Rome was not built in a da(y冰冻三尺,非一日之寒)等。历史上英国和荷兰为争夺海上的霸主地位,两个国家在短短 26 年(1652 年至 1678 年)中就进行了2 次战争,双方胜负各半。 为了发泄对战争失败的不满,英国人喜欢把交战国的名称赋予某种贬义加以丑化。诸如习语I’m a Dutchman, if..(.如果我……,我就不是人)、beat the Dutc(h了不起)、Dutch uncl(e严厉训斥者)等都是英国人讽刺荷兰人粗鲁、莽撞无礼的最好例证。到近代,两次世界大战和一些地区的局部冲突,都对英语产生了影响。习语the fifth colum(n第五纵队)就产生于这一时期。1936 年 10 月,西班牙首都马德里受到德国法西斯军队和西班牙叛军的联合进攻,在进攻前的动员大会上,西班牙叛军将领Emilio Mola公开宣称,叛军和德国联军的四个纵队正在向马德里展开猛攻,并且他的第五纵队也已经在马德里城内展开活动。后来英语习语the fifthcolumn 专门用来指代被别国收买了而颠覆自己国家的叛徒或别国派入的间谍。 2 岛国地理环境中“海的文化”要素 自然环境对文化的形成也有直接的影响。“特定文化的表达方式是由特定的地理环境造就的”。(王葆华,2010)英国岛国四面环海,英语习语的形成深受这种特殊的“海的文化”影响。大多数英国人以 捕鱼 为生,因此鱼是日常生活中的主要食品。和鱼相关的习语在英语中俯拾皆是,像nEither fish nor fow(不伦不类)、The best fish swimnear the bottom(好货难求)、cool fis(h怪人)、fish in the air(缘木求鱼)、There are plenty more fish in the se(a天涯何处无芳草)等。 长期海上生活中积累的 经验 也反映在习语语言中,如know the rope(s掌握窍门)、cut and ru(n三十六计走为上)、take the wind out of someone’s sai(l先发制人)、sail under false colour(s假冒伪劣)等。其中 sail under falsecolours 指中世纪海盗猖獗期间,海盗船上常常悬挂假旗号,以便于接近其他船只而不引起对方的警惕。后来人们就用此习语指代“假装”或“冒充”的东西。此外,习语carry coals to Newcastl(e多此一举、画蛇添足)来历是指煤都纽卡斯尔的煤矿储量丰富,如果生意人想运送煤碳到这个城市的话,那肯定会血本无归。由于岛国上的可耕土地很少,所以英国人特别注重畜牧业的发展,畜牧业中也留下了很多与之相关的习语。 比如lose one’swoo(l大发雷霆),因为羊毛能给牧羊人带来客观经济效益,如果没有了羊毛,也就断了财路,人当然平静不了。再比如Much cry and little woo(l雷声大,雨点小),指的是羊叫起来声音很大,但产出的羊毛却很少。 3 风俗习惯的文化要素 作为一种特定的社会现象,风俗习惯是“一个群体的习惯和准则的总和,群体人员的创造和遵循是其存在的前提基础”。(Worsley, 2008)身处在特定的社会风气和传统习惯的氛围之中,人们的日常生活不但受到影响,语言也必然会体现出这些影响。例如习语let one’s hair down(身心轻松)就是英国早期习俗的体现。 古时英国的妇女不论地位高低,在任何场合都把自己的头发梳洗得整整齐齐,但是当她们回到家中独自一人时,为了身心的放松,就把头发披散下来,习语“身心放松”的含义由此产生。另一个例子是来源于中世纪的英国生活习俗,在餐桌中间往往放置的是盐器,宾主落座时,盐器上首坐的是贵宾,而下首坐的是一般客人或随从,习语above the sa(lt德高望重的地位)和below the sa(lt无足轻重的地位)由此产生。 面包、牛奶、黄油和奶酪是英国人日常食物的主要组成部分,习语中也体现出了这些食品的重要地位,如bread and butter(生计之需)、bread and chees(e日常食品)、take the bread outof someone’s mou(th抢某人的饭碗)、like a hot knife throughbutte(r易如反掌)、cry over spilt mil(k覆水难收)、half a loaf isbetter than no brea(d聊胜于无)等。 4 宗教信仰的要素影响 文化的一个不可或缺的组成部分就是宗教信仰,它渗透到人类的精神生活、社会生活和语言交际体系中。早在公元 3 世纪初,英国就设立了__教会,因此大多数英国人信仰基督__信上帝。祈求上帝保佑时,英国人会用手指在胸前划十字,口中说God bless me ;骂人时说God damn you ;不愿意某事发生时说God forbid ;人死了说depart to God。在信徒的眼中,上帝无所不能,一切万物、包括人类在上帝面前都微不足道。 习语Manproposes, God dispose(s谋事在人,成事在天)充分体现了这种思想。直接来自《圣经》中的 故事 和比喻的习语也有很多,如来自《旧约·但以理书》第五章的习语handwriting on the wal(l不祥之兆)说的是巴比伦王伯沙撒(Belshazzar)继承了父亲的王位后穷奢极欲、荒淫无度。一日,他邀大臣一千多人在宫中狂饮,许多金银器皿被拿出来待客,席间宫墙上突然有一手伸出来并写下三个神秘的词,大家看后无人能解,于是赶紧把先知但以请来来解字。但以解释说 :你的统治地位已结束,你的国度将倾裂。果然,当夜伯沙撒就遇刺身亡。类似来自《圣经》的习语还有很多,如make bricks without straw(巧妇难为无米之炊)、at the eleventh hou(r关键时刻)、theparting of the way(s紧要关头)、in sackcloth and ashe(s悲痛忏悔)等。 5 神话寓言的要素影响 世界 文化不仅相通,而且相互影响。“ 英语的 发展史是外来词汇的变异积累过程,也是受民族的 文学作品逐渐浸润、融合、变异的进化过程。”(Herrnst Ein, 2009)民族神话、 传说 和 寓言故事 在 语言的发展变化过程中都留下了深深的烙印。希腊罗马神话和伊索寓言是影响英语习语的两大主要文化要素。 古希腊是西方文明的发源地,希腊神话的最大特点是“兼具人之外形和情感的神令自然人悟其之渺小”。(Turner,2009)古罗马神话是由古希腊神话发展变化而来,到公元前的最后 3 个世纪,罗马诗人维吉尔(Virgil)、奥维德(Ovid)把希腊神话的内容移植到罗马神话中,把希腊神话里的人物名称换成罗马使用的拉丁文名称,创作出希腊—罗马神话的结合体。 英语习语中有许多就是直接来自这种结合体。例如under theros(e严守秘密)这个习语指的是一天,爱与美之女神维纳斯(Venus)在不惑之年还背着丈夫、儿子与情人偷偷幽会,不料刚好被沉默之神哈坡克拉提斯(Harpocrates)无意中撞见。维纳斯的儿子丘比特(Cupid)知道这件事后非常气愤,但又怕此事传出去后对父亲和自己不利,苦思良久后心生一计,他摘下一朵美丽的玫瑰花送给哈坡克拉提斯,肯求他不要把这件事声张出去,沉默之神对丘比特发誓会严守秘密。还有类似的习语如the web ofPenelop(e永远完不成的任务)、sword of Damocle(s随时到来的危险)、Pandora’s Bo(x万恶之源)、apple of discor(d争斗起因)、Achilles’hee(l致命弱点)等都来自希腊罗马神话。 寓言是习语的另一个主要来源,“寓言在流传的过程中被浓缩并升华为习语”。英语习语的重要来源是《伊索寓言》,如习语dog in the mange(r损人不利己)讲的是有一只愚笨之极狗,由于它自己不能吃马槽里的干草,便向正在津津有味吃草的马嚎叫,也不让马吃草的故事。类似的习语还有sour grape(s酸葡萄)、cry wol(f虚张声势)、a wolf in sheep’s clothin(g伪装友善的敌人)、nourish a viperin one’s bosom(养奸护恶)等。 6 文学作品的文化要素 出自文学巨匠笔下精彩的故事情节、富有教益的哲理和涵义深刻的词句常常成为习语的另一个重要的素材来源。文学语言对习语的来源贡献在于以下四个方面“精彩词句、故事情节、鲜明人物和历史习语”。 (徐振忠,2010)莎士比亚的作品是公认的对英语习语贡献最多的来源之一。莎士比亚作品的习语大体可分为两类 :一种来自剧作的故事情节 ;一种来自作品的词句。莎士比亚剧作中的人物性格鲜明,情节生动,剧中内容常常被引申成为习语。如hoist by one’s own petar(d害人反害己,搬起石头砸自己的脚)出自《哈姆雷特》[3 幕、4 场 ],早期的炸药箱被称作petard,战争是用于炸开敌人坚固的城池。但由于当时的爆破技术还很不成熟,引爆人点燃炸药后还没等自己撤离,炸药就爆炸了,结果当然是引爆人与敌人同归于尽了。 类似的习语还有one’s pound offles(h合法但不合理的要求)、a horse of a different colou(r另外一回事 ;截然不同)等。莎士比亚作品语言简洁优美、寓意深刻,许多习语就是直接来自作品的词句。如bay atthe moo(n空嚷、徒劳)在《裘里斯 · 凯撒》第四幕第三场里的原文是 :I had rather be a dog, and bay the moon。原文中bay 被用作及物动词,而现代英语倾向于用作不及物动词,因此加了介词at。类似的习语还有flutter the dovecotes(闹得鸡犬不宁)《[柯里奥拉纳斯》]、paint the lil(y多此一举)《[约翰王》]、the world is someone’s oyste(r随心所欲)《[温莎的娘儿们》]、thereby hangs a tal(e说来话长)《[驯悍记》]等。 英国文坛还有其他许多对世界文学有较大影响的文学巨匠,如乔叟、米尔顿、柯勒律治、拜伦、狄更斯等。他们的作品也对英语习语产生了很大的影响。如习语albatross round soneone’s nec(k提醒某人不犯错误之物)出自柯勒律治的长诗《老水手之歌》。 信天翁是一种海鸟,可以在睡觉时翅膀不煽动并浮在空中,据说随便杀死信天翁会招致厄运。柯勒律治的诗歌中讲述了一位水手由于自己的大意,射杀了一只信天翁,结果在航行途中他麻烦不断,还差点丧命。后来他才悟出个中的缘由,上岸后他把那只信天翁的尸体挂在脖子上,以表达自己示忏悔的心情。来自文学作品的习语还有all hell breaks loose(闹翻天)(米尔顿,《失乐园》)、at sixs and seven(s杂乱无章)(乔叟,《特洛莱斯和克丽西德》)、mind one’s ey(e小心谨慎()狄更斯,《巴纳比·拉奇》)等。 结语 语言学家Hudson指出 :“语言特征和文化特征常常难分彼此”。(Hudson, 2011)习语的形成与其语言所属的民族文化更是密不可分,“文化是孕育培植习语的温床”(McMordie, 2006),如果对习语的文化背景没有认真的研究,就难以理解它们其中的深刻含义。本文只从六个方面粗略讨论了影响习语形成的文化要素,以期希望对英语习语 爱好 者在今后的学习过程中正确理解习语的文化内涵和恰如其分地运用习语方面有所启迪和帮助。 关于英语语言文化论文范文篇2 浅析中学生英语语言文化意识的培养 摘要:语言意识的培养,在大学英语教学中较为广泛,但是在中学英语教学中较少提及。我国小学已普遍开设英语课程,中学生已具备一定的英语基础,培养学生的语言意识是有可行的。良好的语言意识有利于学生将来的 英语学习 ,学习者能更好地运用英语,减少交际中的障碍,并进行成功交际,培养学生语言意识是有必要的。本文主要从建构理论,认知的过程出发,并结合我国中学英语教学的实际,说明在中学英语教学中培养语言文化意识的重要性,以及如何培养学生的语言文化意识。 关键词:英语教学;文化知识;语言意识培养 1.引言 传统的中学英语教学,侧重于单词和语法等语言知识点的教学,它培养的是学生某一方面的技能。但是语言的学习是为了运用,交际,从这一角度来看,传统英语教学的弊端突显出来。 根据认知语言学,语言意识指语言的固有能力来处理信息,是洞察语言本质和功能的语言能力。本文中的语言意识,在中学英语教学过程中,将表现为是由文化、政治、社会和习俗等方面组成的。 语言是文化的载体,学习一种语言,不仅仅要掌握语言点知识,培养听、说、读、写、译的基本技能,更重要的是学习蕴含于语言之中的文化现象和文化背景知识,包括政治,经济,文化等多方面,从而培养英语思维。语言意识的培养正是这一要求的体现。语言是交流的工具,有一定的语言意识,了解目的语的文化背景知识, 思维方式 ,交际也就更能达到理想效果。 2.文化与语言的关系 文化通常被定义为在一定的社会或者社会一部分范围内流行的一套价值观念和信仰,是一个社会的整个生活方式,一个民族的全部活动方式。语言是人类生活的重要组成部分。(王建坤,2008)徐行言在《中西文化比较》(2004)中,对文化的理解与概括分为一下几个方面: 把文化看作是一个包含多层次、多方面内容的综合体,用它来概括人类创造和积累起来的全部物质与精神财富以及人们的生活方式。把文化理解人类精神现象或观念形态的总和;强调文化作为人的社会行为与习俗的意义;把文化视作人类的艺术活动及富有仪式性的民俗活动的概括;把文化理解为一个社会的传统行为形式或全部社会遗产。 根据裴文的表述,语言与文化的关系分为以下几种(参见王建坤,2008):(1)语言是一种文化;(2)语言是文化的工具;(3)语言是文化传播的载体;(4)语言是文化的形式;(5)语言与文化相互作用。由此可见离开了内容,离开了语言的内涵,就谈不上语言。语言学习需要和文化学习结合起来,语言教学的同时也必须了解文化,这样才能真正地更好地运用语言。 3.从建构主义看语言中的文化教学 建构主义是认知理论的一个分支,是学习理论的一个分支,是学习理论中行为主义发展到认知主义以后的进一步发展。最早由瑞士著名心理学家皮亚杰(J. Piaget)于20世纪60年代提出。(范琳,2003)一般认为,建构主义学习理论源于皮亚杰,后经布鲁纳、维果茨基等教学 教育 心理学家不断发展和完善。 建构主义是源自 儿童 认知发展的理论,由于个体的认知发展和学习过程密切相关,因此利用建构主义可以较清楚地说明学习过程的认知规律。建构主义认为,学习不是信息简单地从外到内的单项输入,而是通过新信息与学习者原有的知识经验双向的相互作用而实现的。 我们所说的语言文化意识的培养,正是基于此,培养学生的文化意识,在教学中进行一定的文化导入。文化导入是一种通过引导的方式让学生主动建构语言与文化知识的一种 方法 ,促进学生的英语综合运用能力的提高。该方法主张教师在一定的教学环境中,对学生进行引导,激发学生的思考,促进学生主动进行新信息和原有知识的建构,从而培养学生对文化的敏感性,以及处理文化信息的灵活性,最后获得综合运用英语能力的提高。 4.培养语言文化意识是跨文化交际能力的需要 由于技术的发展,旅游的兴旺,经济和政治体系变化,移民方式的改变,人口增长等原因,人们与来自不同文化背景的人的交流日益增多;人们日益认识到文化会对交流产生微妙和深刻的影响。我们学习语言就不可避免地接触到所学语言国家的交际文化。在不同民族和国家的文化中,既有共性也存在差异,而这些差异是由于历史文化背景、地理环境、传统习惯和思维方式的不同,在语言表达上表现为差异,这些差异的存在可能妨碍文化和语际的正常交流。 英语的学习最终的目的是交流和交际,是为了更好的跨文化交流,将中国博大精深的文化传播出去,吸收外国文化的精华。在教学中渗透文化意识,了解英语国家文化,有助于提高学生的交流能力和跨文化交流能力,克服与不同文化背景中的人们相互理解过程中的障碍,促进交际的成功。 5.交际教学法的弊端 巴克斯(2004,参见孙鸣,2007)认为,业内人士大都默认为:交际法不仅是先进的方法,而是唯一正确的学习语言的方法。根据语言学家威多森(Widdowso ,H. G. 1991,参见孙鸣,2007)对交际教学法的分析与评价,交际教学法注重让学习者用语言做事,表达观念和完成各种交际行为。 它强调“做”、“自然学习”和“自然语言使用”,在学习如何得体地使用语言的过程中,学习者会不经意地学习语言,通过“做”而“知”。交际教学法所关注的是给学习者创造使用该语言的条件和情景,而不是我国现阶段英语教学的词句和语法。 从认知角度来看,外语学习的认知过程始于陈述性知识。陈述性知识是有关某物是事实的知识,是人有意识掌握的、可以陈述的、以命题方式储存在大脑中的事实、概念、或观念构成的信息。(孙鸣,2007)心理语言学研究表明,语言的使用是以认知为基础的(桂诗春,2002,参见孙鸣,2007)语言的认知设计陈述性知识,而语言的使用则涉及程序性知识。 近几年,交际教学法盛行于我国英语教学中。结合我国英语教学的实际,交际教学法的不足之处日益显现出来。交际教学法所主张的由“做”而“知”, 忽视了外语学习认知过程中陈述性知识的作用,不符合外语学习认知过程及其规律,并不适合我国英语教学环境。 而提倡在教学中进行文化渗透,培养学生语言文化意识,更符合外语学习认知的过程及规律,语言的认知过程和认知结构需要有文化的参与。

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