英语阅读文章不同体裁阅读技巧
英语阅读理解题的技巧
现在的许多中学生害怕英语阅读，不愿面对它，原因是他们的阅读能力低。下面是我分享的英语阅读理解题的技巧，欢迎大家阅读！
一、阅读测试的基本体裁。
初中英语文章的基本体裁有记叙文、说明文和应用文。记叙文通常以记叙、描写为主要手段，是以记人写事为主要内容的文章。说明文是以说明为主要表达方式来说明事物、阐明事理的文章。说明文通常以科普知识、体育运动、异域文化、热门话题等题材文章。应用文是国家机关、企事业单位、社会团体、人们群众处理日常工作。生产、学习和生活的公私事物，所经常使用的一种文体通常有书信来往，电话留言、广告、说明书等。选用这些材料不仅能提高测试的真实性，还能通过展示目标语言的现实生活中真实运用来激发学生的学习动机。
二、阅读测试的基本题型
初中英语阅读文章的基本题型有阅读短文，根据短文内容判断所给句子是否正确，阅读短文，在所给ABCD四个选项中选择问题的最佳答案；阅读短文，按要求答题，阅读短文，填写另一篇短文中所缺信息，这里的信息可能是单词、词组，也可能是句子。这一题型难度较大，但答案灵活；阅读短文根据上下文猜测个别单词的意思或找出所给词或短语的同义词。
三、阅读测试的设题原则
1.考查学生在阅读中准确捕获信息的能力。这就要求学生通过阅读，运用自己所学的语法、词组、短语等方面的语言知识。根据自己的理解，掌握所材料的主旨和大意，选择正确的选项。
2.要求学生既理解具体的事实，也理解抽象的概念，既理解文章的表层意思，也理解文章的深层含义，包括作者的态度、意图及“弦外之音”。
3.要求学生既理解某句、某段的意义，也理解全篇的逻辑关系，并根据以此进行推理和判断。
4.要求学生既能根据材料信息去理解，也能结合自己应有的常识去理解。
四、阅读的一般方法
阅读一般分为快速阅读和精读阅读。快速阅读就是对文章进行快速浏览。读时精力要集中，但不要注意细节，遇到少数生词或难懂语法均忽略。重点应放在全文概貌上，紧紧抓住文章的中心思想：既文章的开始段和结尾段，以及各段的开头句；紧扣文章中多次出现的词语、句子、数字、专有名词等。阅读的最终目的是要得到真正意义上的理解，这是获取正确答案的基础。精读的要求是比较彻底地理解文章的内容，即文章的主旨大意，具体细节、作者的意图和态度、文章的基本结构尤其是文章中的关键词语，不仅要理解字面意义。而且要看清隐含意义。
五、阅读的有效方法
根据中学生的知识水平和综合能力，适于他们的最基本的阅读方法为：短文—问题—短文和问题—短文—问题。
1.短文—问题—短文。这种方法是先阅读短文，再读文中的问题，最后回到短文去寻找答案。其特点是有利于学生把握文章的主旨和作者的态度，有利于解决主体概括、推理判断和词义猜测等深层次问题。但阅读速度慢。学生不能在阅读时积极主动地预习文章的内容，缺乏主观能动性。
2.问题—短文—问题。这种方法是先阅读短文中的问题，然后带着问题读文章，最后再读问题以检查答案。阅读是学生把精力放在与问题直接相关的关键词语上，找到所需要的信息就立即停止。扫描式阅读其特点是针对性强，节省时间，可以用来解决事实性和细节性的问题，但是对解决主旨型和推断性的问题效果不明显。
六、阅读短文的技巧
1.初读全文。（1）一般应先通读整篇短文。初步了解短文的整体框架、大衣、及作者的意向并在主要信息及各段中心内容的同时，标出主要内容或有疑问的地方。（2）也可以先快速浏览一下文章的题目，明确要求，以便快速阅读全文时留意或抓住重要材料及关键词语，做到心中有数、有的`放矢。
2.再读全文。目的是加深对文章的整体把握以及对文章各段中心内容的理解，进一步思考并初步弄清或解决第一遍阅读时发现的疑问。
3.细读试答。在认真研读题目(“题干”和”选项”).明确答题要求的基础上再细读短文有关部分以便最后决定答案.这一步至关重要,即要细心又要在整体把握的层面上,上下照应,前后联系,一般来说试题的先后次序与短文所述内容的次序基本一致的,因而答题应按照试题的次序逐个去做,但也有一些题目的设置与文章的先后顺序是不一致的,答题原则是先易后难,不会的题目放在最后做.
4.复读核查。试答完各题之后,再度一遍短文,瞻前顾后地逐一核对答案.在这一步上应充分利用和逐一到各题目之间的相互关联或对应,要着力抓住起决定作用的关键题目.关键题目正确与否会引起连锁反应,影响到读者对整篇文章的理解与把握因此切莫忽视这一点.
提高阅读能力的最好办法是不断的阅读,要注意把握精读和泛读结合起来持之以恒.总之,学生要想在阅读测试中拿分,就要在平时进行有目的有计划的分类阅读.熟悉不同体裁的文章结构的特点和设题手法.合理使用阅读技巧.同时还要增加生活常识关注热点事件,注重学科间的综合知识积累,以达到理解语境;强化语篇和跨越文化意识的目的.阅读是一种能力也是一门技术是在不断的实践中锻炼出来的!
阅读是一个运用英语知识、背景知识、逻辑推断进行推测、纠正错误的过程，是最重要的语言交流手段之一。英语阅读理解的考核分值近几年来不断上升，在大多数省市中考测试题中，阅读理解分值已占笔试总分的30%以上。对广大中学生来说，提高阅读理解能力能直接提高英语学科的成绩。那么，怎样提高英语阅读能力呢？ 英语阅读是个十分复杂的过程，既要对词汇和语篇进行理解，又要对句子进行分析和解码。要正确理解一篇文章，不仅根据文章的语境理解涵义，而且要充分运用语言的知识与作者在思想上进行沟通，达到理解、欣赏或评价的目的。 不同的文章，不同的阅读目的，需要有不同的阅读方法。下面为大家介绍三种有效的英语阅读方法。 1.粗读了解大意 依据文章标题、副标题、插图以及相关的背景知识和社会生活经验，预测文章的内容，然后阅读文章的第一段来验证、纠正自己的预测，同时抓住关键句、主题词，从而更好地从总体上把握和理解文章的中心。 2.深入透彻细读 通览全文，把握文章的中心思想，也就是说对文章进行快速详细阅读，把握文章内容，这也是平常阅读训练的只要方法。阅读时忽略细节，快速阅读句子中的关键词语，重点看文章首尾段，捕捉中心思想，弄清文章中通过什么或哪几个方面来说明和阐述的这个中心。 3.查找判断选择 通读全文，抓住文章中心后，就要浏览一下题目。看完所有的题目，再带着这些问题进行阅读，集中精力研读全文，分析文章的体裁，把握文章中心和主要内容，进而掌握文章细节信息。对浅层-理解试题，如事实识别、计算、识图、排列顺序等，可直接查找答案。当遇到一些深层理解试题，如文章的内涵、主题、作者的主观意图等，这些试题的答案在文章没有明确指出，但可以根据文章提供的人物、时间、地点、事件，各个要数的关系，进行合理分析、归纳、推断，得出结论，选择好答案。 俗话说：熟能生巧。提高英语阅读理解水平的途径有很多，上述方法只能作为参考，最重要的是大量阅读，反复实践，才能逐步提高。
文章阅读技巧
阅读的4个关键方法
每本书都有一套自己的骨架，作为一个读者，你的责任就是找出这个骨架， 这也是高效阅读的精髓所在。下面是我为大家收集和整理的高效阅读的4个关键方法，欢迎大家阅读和借鉴，希望对大家有所帮助！
一、提高阅读技巧，需要先了解阅读的`四个层次，以及为什么阅读要分层次
阅读分层次主要是因不同书籍，在阅读理解上存在差异。比如：看故事书、漫画、啃工具书、专业书付出的精力和智力完全不同。
阅读的四个层次分别是：基础阅读，检视阅读，分析阅读跟主题阅读。四个层次不是各自独立，而是渐进的，从简单到复杂过程。
二、我们在阅读前要快速判断一本书的可读性
采用检视阅读方法，这是一种快速阅读方法，能在很短的时间里，帮你迅速通读一本书。这个方法主要是帮你去了解：哪些是你知道的，哪些是你不知道的，不需要逐字逐句读，而是要以20%的时间通读80%的内容。
检视阅读有五个步骤：比如你在书店，面对林林总总的书目，会陷于买还是不买，要买哪本的纠结中。在短短的时间里做出判断，这个时侯，检视阅读五步法就可以派上用场：
1）看外包装。从书名、封面宣传语、作者名气、出版社等信息来判断。
2）有序就看序，看作者或其他人对本书的评价。
3）看目录。通过目录可以了解两个重要信息：这本书值不值得花时间仔细读；哪些篇目要重点读，哪些篇目要略读。
4）看书的内容介绍是否有吸引力。
5）看书的倒数几页，作者一般在最后做观点梳理和总结。
三、书读后总是记不住怎么办？这就是接下来要谈得问题，要如何做呢？
主动阅读。带着问题阅读，找到答案同时，并试着回答问题。做笔记。阅读过程也是思考过程，把感受及时记下来，把一本书真正内化成自已的。这个时侯可以通过作笔记来帮助阅读，主要有3个类型：
1、结构笔记，重点记录整书的架构。
2、概念笔记，对于观点理解的宽广，拓展多本书的页次记录。
3、辩证笔记，单一主题，不同书籍所阐述内容记录。
四、如何真正读懂一本书，在阅读过程中采用这4个技巧来助力：
阅读之前要按照书的种类和主题分类；用最简单的句子来概括整本书的内容；弄清楚书中重要篇章的顺序与相互关联；任何一本书不可能包山包海，解决所有问题，因此需要思考作者想通过本书解决一个什么问题。
结语：好的阅读不仅可以增长见识，而且利于心智成长。所以阅读要尽量选择能有助于提升自身能力的书籍。当然读书也跟品尝美食一样，吃过大餐以后，偶尔也要吃吃开胃小菜。不论是饕餮大餐还是开胃小菜，让一本书真正属于自己。
阅读方法技巧
阅读方法技巧，阅读是一种不错的习惯，阅读可以让我们自由发挥极大的想象空间，但是阅读这件事也是需要方法技巧的，那么大家知道有什么阅读方法技巧吗，下面就让我给大家分享一些阅读方法技巧吧！
一、批注笔记法
批注笔记法就是在阅读时将自己对文本内容的见解、质疑和心得体会等写在书中的空白处。其形式有三种：一是“眉批”，即批在书头上；二是“旁批”，即批在句子或一段话的旁边；三是“尾批”，即批在一段话或整篇文章之后。
批注的内容主要有三个方面：
一是注释。读书时遇到不认识的字、不理解的词和不懂的概念，立刻查字典、翻资料将其弄清楚，并且注释在旁边。这样，既能帮助理解，又有助于记忆，同时也为下次阅读扫清了障碍。
二是批语。将阅读过程中产生的各种感想、见解、疑问等写在书的空白处。
三是警语。对于文本中十分重要或再读时需要注意的地方，标注上“注意”、“重要”等字样，为今后阅读提供帮助。
批注笔记法的作用：一是使人的思想高度集中，能够提高阅读效果；二是能够使人从书中获得更多的感悟，使人的思想水平得以提升；三是能够提高分析、评价事物的能力；四是可以培养和提高表达自己思想的能力。
二、符号标记法
用各种符号在书中重要的地方做标记，以便于应用时查阅和再阅读时注意的一种阅读方法。其要点是：
1、在重要的句子下划横线。
2、在重要的段落旁划竖线。
3、将关键性的词或短语圈出来。
4、在有疑惑处划问号。
5、在有感悟的地方划感叹号，马克思读书就喜欢采用这一方法。
采用这种方法的好处是：便于应用时查找，有利于对重点内容的记忆，便于利用很少的时间对重点内容的再阅读。
三、强记阅读法
这是一种侧重记忆的阅读方法。其要点是：
1、读完文章后，立即回忆一遍主要内容，力求记住。
2、重复阅读同一文本时，每次间隔的时间应尽可能地长一些。
3、记忆应尽可能准确。如果内容不太多，要尽力一次记住；如果内容较多，可以采取分段记忆法。
采用这种阅读方法的好处是：能够迅速地增加知识积累，有利于能力的培养与提高。
四、咬碎骨头法
咬碎骨头法就是对文本的内容进行反复地琢磨、咀嚼，直到烂熟于心。数学家张广厚有一次看到一篇关于亏值的论文，觉得对自己的研究工作有好处，就一遍又一遍地读。他说：“这篇论文一共二十多面，我反反复复地念了半年多。因为老用手摸这几页，白白的书边上留下了一条明显的黑印。这样的反复学习对研究工作有很大的促进作用。
采用这种阅读方法的好处是：有利于对文章内容的消化和吸收，缩短知识向能力转化的过程。
五、探究阅读法
书中的真理大多不是通过文字的解读就能获得的，而必须通过深入而细致地钻研与思考。探究式阅读的特点就是将思维的触觉深入到文字的背后，对其所承载的思想内容进行深层次的理解。数学家华罗庚在《学·思·锲而不舍》中说道：“应该怎样学会读书呢？我觉得，在学习书本上的每一个问题，每一章节的时候，首先应该不只看到书面上，而且还要看到书背后的东西。这就是说，对书本的某些原理、定律、公式，我们在学习的时候，不仅应该记住它的结论，懂得它的道理，而且还应该设想一下人家是怎样想出来的，经过多少曲折，攻破多少关键，才得出这个结论的。
采用这种阅读方法的好处是：对文本内容进行深层次的理解，能够使认识上升到理性的高度，有利于知识向能力的转化。阅读不仅要有正确的方法，还需有孜孜不倦、持之以恒的精神，更要有对书籍的判断与识别能力。阅读好书，不仅能使人长智慧、长才干、长精神、长思想，使人品尝到人生的乐趣，感受到求知的快乐，而且能够使人走向辉煌。
一、把握好阅读时间和节奏
研究显示，专业的阅读者能够保持每天5个小时的阅读时间，不至于疲劳，也不会有明显的兴趣衰退和注意力分散，这是一种长期训练的结果。所以，阅读习惯需要长期的培养。对于普通阅读者，每天2到3个小时的阅读时间就足够了，不要超过3个小时。一次连续性阅读不要超过2小时，但是也不要低于1小时。低于1小时，人很难进入深入阅读状态，不利于形成连续的记忆。可以把阅读分散在其他活动之中。根据不同类型的书和阅读的目的，安排连续阅读和分散阅读所占的比例，闲书分散读，重要的书尽量集中读。阅读是读者与作者的对话，集中阅读更有利于抓住作者逻辑线索，形成整体性的认知。
二、阅读自己真正感兴趣的书
兴趣是最好的老师，这是老生常谈，又是朴实的道理，当你对阅读的书真正有兴趣的时候，长时间阅读也不会带来疲劳感，甚至手不释卷，想看看作者最后给我们呈现出的结果和结论，这在阅读情节起伏的推理小说和情感小说时表现得最为明显。每打开一部你所敬仰的学者的作品，尤其是那些声誉卓著被反复征引的经典名著，你就可能产生强烈崇敬之情，由此形成强大阅读兴趣，兴趣来自旺盛的求知欲和对知识本身的尊重，对伟大作家的尊重。
三、把阅读、思考、写作和交流结合起来
思考和写作是整理知识的过程，交流是应证认知的过程，交流中的共鸣和共识，他人的赞赏和赞誉，是对阅读者—写作者—交流者非常重要的心理回报，正向反馈，如果仅仅阅读，没有思考和写作，不去交流，阅读者就会因为缺乏知识的整理机制，认知的应证机制和成果的回馈机制，而最终陷入深度阅读疲劳。这样的阅读疲劳而不是一般性体力和心力疲劳，而是心理枯寂和精神疲惫，它有可能终止你的阅读爱好。无论是积极阅读，还是研究式阅读，都要求人全面开动认知——逻辑系统的功能，把阅读、思考、写作和交流结合起来，从事一项创造性活动，这才是克服阅读疲劳的长久之策。
缓解阅读疲劳的一些小方法
1、可以使用番茄工作法，看40分钟左右，休息5—10分钟。不要让自己的精力耗尽，一定要注意休息才能阅读更长时间。
2、太难解释或专业性较强的书籍，可以用主题阅读的方式，一本看不明白就换别的书。
3、实在看不懂的，先跳过去
4、准备几本不同类型的书，阅读累了，就换种轻松一点的书籍。
5、找到阅读疲劳的原因，如果是因为身体的因素，应当放下书，适当活动和休息一下；如果是理解跟不上书本内容，在身体感觉很良好的情况下可以换一本完全不同类型的书来放松自己的头脑。或者做一些其他小事情（益智游戏、看新闻、看笑话、运动之类的）来转换一下疲倦的大脑。实在看不下去的地方可以快速浏览带过，先留个印象，待之后再来翻阅。
1、定时
每天至少抽出5—10分钟雷打不动的读书时间，这是无论每天发生什么事情 都不会受到影响的时间。例如，养成在早餐或午餐时间阅读的习惯，如果你每次坐在马桶上时间读书，在睡觉之前读书，那么你就拥有每天四次，每次10分钟也就视每天四十分钟的阅读时间。这是一个良好的开端，它有助于养成良好的每日读书习惯。
2、随身携带书籍
不论到那里，都带上本书，每天出门，都检查一遍，是否带了如下物品，驾照，钥匙，书。最少要携带这些东西，书在车里陪伴你，带到办公室，约会中，以及其他地方。例如看电影时，如果你需要花时间等待，就带上你的书，阅读吧，那是打发你的时间的好方法。
3、找个安静的地方
在你家，找个放着一张舒适的椅子的角落（不要躺下，除非你要睡觉），拿本好书倚在椅子上，不受任何干扰。为避免分心，应该远离电视，音乐，电脑，喧闹的家人，室友。如果没有这样的地方，那就创造一个吧。
4、减少看电视上网时间
如果你真想多读书，就要减少耗在看电视，上网方面的时间，这对很多人来说会比较困难。但是，你在电视网络上所省下的每一分钟，都能用在读书上，这会带来好几小时读书的时间。
5、读给你的孩子听
如果你有孩子，你必须读给他们听，在他们的儿童时代就培养其读书，是确保他们长大后拥有读书习惯的最佳时机，同时也会帮助他们在一生中获得成功。找一些适合儿童的好书，读给他们听，同时，你也在帮助自己养成读书的习惯，而且还跟自己的孩子一起度过了美好的时光。
6、作记录
与读书列表类似，此记录不应该只写下你所读的书的书名和作者，如果可能的话还应该写下读书的起止日期。更好的做法是在其后写下你对此书的感想，几个月之后，再返回来看记录，回顾自己的阅读经历，真是一种绝佳体验。
7、光顾二手书店
我最喜欢去的地方是逛打折书店，卖掉旧书，同时在那里淘到许多旧书，得到一个极低的折扣。我通常会花在仅仅几个美元的价格，买到一打或更多的书，所以我虽然读了不少的书，但是买书却不会让我花费太多。
8、安排一个图书馆日
当然了，比旧书还要便宜的地方是图书馆或书店，把它当成每周的活动吧。
9、阅读有趣的和耐读的书
找那些能够吸引你并让你持续阅读的书，即使不是文学名著，它们也让你充满阅读欲望——这就是阅读的目标。
10、舒服一点
在最惬意的时间阅读，喝点好茶和好咖啡，或者以其他方式款待自己，找一把舒适的椅子，配上个好垫子。在日出或日落视阅读，或者在海边阅读。
1、 文章开头一段的某一句话在文章中的作用，中间某段或句的作用，最后一段某句的作用。
对于这种题型我们可以从两个方面来回答：
对于第一段的问题，从结构上来说，是落笔点题，点明文章的中心，开门见山，总领全文，或起到引起下文的'作用；从内容上来说，是为下文作铺垫和衬托，为后面某某内容的描写打下伏笔。
中间某段的问题，在结构上是起到承上启下、过渡的作用。
最后一段或某句的作用是总结全文，点明文章主旨，让人回味无穷，并与题目相照应。
2、 文章表达了作者什么样的思想感情 ？
这需要根据文章的具体内容来回答，常见的有歌颂、赞美、热爱、喜爱、感动、高兴、渴望、震撼、眷念、惆怅、淡淡的忧愁、惋惜、思念（怀念）故乡和亲人、或者是厌倦、憎恶、痛苦、惭愧、内疚、痛恨、伤心、悲痛、遗憾等。
一般作者的情感可以从文章的字里行间可以看出来的，有的也许写得比较含蓄，有的是直抒胸臆。
3、 概括文章主旨 。
对于这种题目，在回答之前一定要把全文仔细看几遍，然后可以用这样的关键词来进行回答：“通过…… 故事，歌颂（赞美）了……表达了作者……的思想感情，揭示了……的深刻道理。
我们也可以从文中去找，在文章的每一段特别是第一段或最后一段的第一句或最后一句，文章中富有哲理性的句子往往是作者所要表达的主题。
4、 文中划线句子运用了什么表达方式？有什么作用？
看到这种类型的题目，我们首先要看一看这一句用了那种表达方式，叙述、描写、说明、议论、抒情，特别是描写中又分为人物描写、景物描写和带综合性的场面描写。
而人物描写还可细分为语言描写、动作描写、心理描写、肖像描写和细节描写，描写的作用是使文章生动、形象、感人。抒情的运用，能增强文章的感染力，突出文章的中心。
如果文中有一些神话故事、民间传说以及自然界当中的神奇景象的描述，它的作用是增加了所写内容的神秘色彩，引起读者的兴趣。
5、 文中某句运用了什么修辞手法？有什么作用？
修辞有很多，常用的有8种，比喻、比拟、夸张、排比、对偶、反复、设问、反问。
其中考得最多的是比喻、拟人、夸张、排比。
比喻的作用有三 ：
一是使深奥的道理浅显化，帮人加深体味；
二是使抽象的事物具体化，叫人便于接受；
三是使概括的东西形象化，给人鲜明的印象。
拟人的作用是可以使读者不仅对所表达的事物产生鲜明的印象，而且感受到作者对该事物的强烈感情，运用拟人表现喜爱的事物，可以把它写得栩栩如生，使人倍感亲切自然；表现憎恨的事物，可以把它写得丑态毕露，给人以强烈的厌恶感。
夸张的作用是可以深刻地表现作者对事物的鲜明的感情态度，从而引起读者的强烈共鸣；通过对事物的形象渲染，可以引起人们丰富的想象，有利于突出事物的本质和特征。
排比的作用在于能突出文章的中心，表达强烈奔放的情感，增强语言的气势；是提高表达效果的重要环节。还有叠词、短句使用，使文章富有节奏感，具有音韵美，读起来朗朗上口。
还有一种修辞用的比较多的就是引用，有时阅读理解中会有引用的诗句、名人故事、还有名人语言或名人著作中的有关内容，问题会有“文章中引用的内容有什么作用？”。
这种题目回答时要注意答到这样两个关键词，一个是“衬托了记述对象的品质，突出了主人公的某种精神”。
对以上类型的问题必须要结合文章的具体内容来回答。
6、 文中某句话有什么含义？或告诉我们什么深刻的道理？请说说你的理解。
这种问题的回答不是简单地从文中寻找现成的句子就可以解决的，这需要我们的同学平时多读多看多积累，多看并记住一些富有哲理性的名言警句，这样才能真正地理解文章的意思，丰富回答内容，用自己的语言把自己对文章的理解准确地表达出来。
7、 比较阅读理解 。
有时考试会把课内文章和课外与之相似内容的文章进行比较阅读，对于这种类型的题目，我们可以从文章的内容、写作特色、感情基调等方面进行比较。
一、 记叙文阅读答题技巧
1、 问文章体裁 ：
诗歌、小说（长篇小说、中篇小说、短篇小说、小小说）、散文（抒情散文、叙事散文、议论性散文即哲理散文）——要求形散而神不散、剧本、说明文、议论文
2、 记叙文六要素 ？
时间、地点、人物、事件起因、经过、结果
3、 文章内容 ？
方法：看题目、人物（事物）、事件，进行综合、概括。
强调三个部分：内容是什么，文章怎么样，作者怎么样。
答：
A、此文记叙了（描写了、说明了）……的故事（事迹、经过、事件、景物）。即谁做了什么—这可以作为一句话概括文章内容答案。
B、表现了（赞美了、揭示了、讽刺了、反映了、歌颂了、揭露了、批判了）……。
C、抒发了作者的……的感情。
4、 材料组织特点 ？
紧紧围绕中心选取典型事件，剪裁得体，详略得当。
5、 划分层次 ：
（1） 按时间划分（找表示时间的短语）
（2） 按地点划分（找表示地点的短语）
（3） 按事情发展过程（找各个事件）
（4） 总分总（掐头去尾）
6、 记叙线索及作用 ？
线索：（明线和暗线）———核心人物 、核心事物、核心事件、时间、地点、作者的情感
作用：是贯穿全文的脉络，把文中的人物和事件有机地连在一起，使文章条理清楚、层次清晰。
7、 为文章拟标题 。
找文章的线索或中心，依据有：
①核心人物 ②核心事物 ③核心事件 ④作者情感
8、 品味题目可以从 ：
A内容上
B主题上
C线索
D设置悬念上等方面进行品味。
示例：
（1）主题上结合主旨必答，如象征性的散文题目，也可以这样回答：
拟题巧妙，一语双关，本指…实指…，突出主题，耐人寻味。
（2）说明文：用了什么修辞手法，生动形象说明了……，点明了本文说明的主要内容，点明了本文说明对象。
9、 了解人称的作用 。
第一人称：亲切，自然，真实，可信；适于心理描写，便于刻画人物形象及性格特征。
第二人称：便于情感交流。
第三人称：显得客观，不受时空限制，便于叙事和议论，多角度描写。
10、 记叙顺序及作用 ？
（1） 顺叙（按事情发展先后顺序）
作用：叙事有头有尾，条理清晰，读起来脉络清楚、印象深刻。
（2）倒叙（先写结果，再交待前面发生的事。）
作用：造成悬念、吸引读者，避免叙述的平板单调，增强文章的生动性。
（3） 插叙（叙事时中断线索，插入相关的另一件事。）
作用：对情节起补充、衬托作用，丰富形象，突出中心。
11、 语言特色？ 结合语境和修辞方法从下列语句中选择：
形象生动、清新优美、简洁凝练、准确严密、精辟深刻、通俗易懂、音韵和谐、节奏感强、诙谐幽默。
必须结合具体语句分析。
一般 指口语的通俗易懂，书面语的严谨典雅，文学语言的鲜明、生动、富于形象性和充满感情色彩。
12、 写作手法及作用 ？
狭义的写作手法即“表达方式”，
广义的写作手法是指写文章的一切手法，诸如表达方式、修辞手法、先抑后扬、想象、联想、象征、开门见山、托物言志、设置悬念、象征、借景抒情、抑扬结合、正反对比、侧面烘托、虚实结合、以小见大、运用第二人称抒情、巧设悬念、首尾呼应、铺垫映衬、一线串珠、明线暗线等。
常用具体如下 ：
（1） 拟人手法赋予事物以人的性格、思想、感情和动作，使物人格化，从而达到形象生动的效果。
（2） 比喻手法 形象生动、简洁凝练地描写事物、讲解道理。
（3） 夸张手法突出人或事物的特征，揭示本质，给读者以鲜明而强烈的印象。
（4）象征手法 把特定的意义寄托在所描写的事物上，表达了……的情感，增强了文章的表现力。
（5） 对比手法 通过比较，突出事物或描写对象的特点，更好地表现文章的主题。
（6） 衬托（侧面烘托）手法和正面描写。 以次要人或事物衬托主要的人或事物，突出主要的人或事物的特点、性格、思想、感情等。
（7） 讽刺手法。运用比喻、夸张等手段和方法对人或事物进行揭露、批判和嘲笑，加强深刻性和批判性，使语言辛辣幽默。
（8）欲扬先抑和先扬后抑。先贬抑再大力颂扬所描写的对象，上下文形成对比，突出所写的对象，收到出人意料的感人效果。
（9）前后照应（首尾呼应） 使情节完整、结构严谨、中心突出。
（10）设置悬念能引起读者注意，引出文章的说明内容等。
（11）文章开篇的写作手法有：
A、可以用诗经里的赋比兴手法。比如说，兴，是先言他物的。
B、也可以用引用的手法。如名句、箴言之类的
C、也可以先声夺人，用一系列的排比句，气势强烈……
D、或是采用题记的方法。显得隽永深刻，又有文采
E、开头用景物描写也不错，渲染你所需要的气氛和基调。
F、开门见山。
G、倒叙
13、 修辞方法及作用
（1） 比喻：生动形象地写出xx事物的xx特点。
（2） 拟人：赋予事物以人的性格、思想、感情和动作，使物人格化，生动形象地写出xx事物的xx特点。
（3） 夸张：突出特征，揭示本质，给读者以鲜明而强烈的印象。
（4） 排比：条理清晰，节奏鲜明，增强语势，长于抒情。增强文章气势，增加感染力、说服力。
（5） 对偶：形式整齐，音韵和谐，语句整齐、意韵铿锵，互相映衬，互为补充。
（6） 反复：强调某种意思，强烈抒情，富有感染力。有强调语气，强化内容的作用
（7） 设问：自问自答，引人注意，启发思考。
（8） 反问：态度鲜明，加强语气，强烈抒情。
注：必须结合相关语句分析。
14、 具体词语的含义与作用 ？
方法：联系词语本义，解释在文中的含义，找出其指代的具体内容。
答：“xx”一词原指，这里指，起到了…的作用。
15、 句子或语段的作用 ？
有些情况要结合第三点和第四点来回答。
答：
（1）内容上：首段和尾段：字面义和象征义。点明主旨、升华主题、，画龙点睛、表达了作者的思想感情等作用。（语面的象征义、喻指义 ，表现的人物思想性格，点明全文思想意义）。有时要结合文章的具体内容补充说明。
（2）在结构上 ：在文章开头：总提、总领全文、开启下文（引出下文）等作用
在文章中间：
（1）承接上文 （2）开启下文（引出下文） （3）承上启下（过渡）（4）为后文作铺垫；标志思路、为下文作铺垫、埋下伏笔等作用
在文章结尾：总结上文、全文、照应开头、独立成段，使文章戛然而止，意味绵长，发人深思、卒章点题，意味深长等作用。
阅读技巧有哪些
你知道阅读技巧有哪些吗？爸爸妈妈可以带头做好看书的习惯，孩子潜移默化也会喜欢上看书，自认而然阅读技巧就来了，下面是我精心准备的阅读技巧有哪些，希望能够对大家有所帮助。
1、信息式阅读法。这类阅读的目的只是为了了解情况。我们阅读报纸、广告、说明书等属于这种阅读方法。对于大多数这类资料，读者应该使用一目十行的速读法，眼睛像电子扫描一样地在文字间快速。
2、文学作品阅读法。文学作品除了内容之外，还有修辞和韵律上的意义。因此阅读时应该非常缓慢。这种依赖耳听—一通过眼睛接受文字信号，将它们转译成声音，到达喉咙，然后加以理解的阅读方法，最终同我们的臆想能力相关。
3、经典著作阅读法，这种方法用来阅读哲学、经济、军事和古典著作。阅读这些著作要像读文学作品一样的慢，但读者的眼睛经常离开书本，对书中的一字一句都细加思索，捕捉作者的真正的用意，从而理解其中的深奥的哲理。
4、麻醉性的阅读法。这种阅读只是为了消遣。如同服用麻醉品那样使读者忘却了自己的存在，飘飘然于无限的幻想之中。麻醉性的阅读在将进入成年的时候达到顶峰。年轻人的麻醉阅读是造成大量的文学作品质量低劣的原因。
方法/步骤
读书方法一，提问、反思法。
在阅读之前你要学会提出问题（可以根据你的需求和书籍的目录）；然后根据自己的知识回答这个问题；在阅读完之后，把阅读前的答案和阅读后得出的答案进行比对，看看自己答对了多少、还有哪些遗漏和差距。这些差距，或者说回答盲区，就是你要特别关注的对象。
阅读后要学会反思：通过这本书我学到了什么？书中有哪些知识是我过去从来没有听说过的？这本书对我的帮助是什么？这个理论或方法可以用来解决什么问题？我具体该如何运用等等。
读书方法二，快速阅读法。
很多人读书都习惯于一个字一个字的阅读，一分钟一般只能阅读两三百字。但事实上我们的阅读潜力远不止于此：我们的眼睛一次能看清的字数不止一个字；相比一个字一个字的理解，我们的大脑更喜欢和擅长一个词群、一个意群、一句话、甚至一段话的理解。只要通过简单训练，一眼看七八个、十余个文字，也就是一分钟看一两千字、或者一分钟看两三千字轻轻松松就可以做到。
那具体要怎么做呢？
首先训练打开我们的视幅（视幅越大、一眼看到的文字、捕捉到的`信息就越多）；其次提高焦点移动的速度（让眼睛可以在文字中快速准确的移动定位），其三，提高整体感知能力（提高眼脑快速捕捉信息的能力），其四，进行速读实战（用快速阅读的方法实际阅读文章，强化速读能力），如果你的阅读速度慢，还是建议学习一下的。
读书方法三，多读法。
多读是提高阅读速度、包括阅读理解率的不二法门。很多人读书速度慢、效率低，其主要原因就在于：知识面、背景知识不够，所以读的慢、读不懂、读不进去。
建议养成：①事先排定“阅读日程表”的习惯，做好阅读日程表贴在你的书桌上，这对于没有读书习惯和意识的人很有帮助。
②不要只挑自己有兴趣的书读。这种阅读习惯是很难提高阅读的广度的，也就很难打开你的视野和思维，无形中也是非常影响你的阅读速度的。应该要多选自己平时不会读的书，扩大选书的范围，跳出阅读的舒适圈，这样才能获的更好的进步和成长。
读书方法四，目录、导图法。
阅读完一本书之后，可以试着默写一下书籍的目录，然后再与这本书的目录对比。这个简单方法可以帮助我们检测自己是否掌握了整本书的思考逻辑和基本内容。章节目录是作者希望表达的逻辑内容，我们阅读完一本书（也可能是一个或几个章节）之后，要透过阅读、理解、思考，形成自己的逻辑内容。具体可以是思维导图的形式，这个思维导图不是简单地照搬原文，而是融入自己的思考，根据个人实际理解情况对内容进行拆分、重组、整合、延伸，制作出一篇有个人特色的思维导图。
阅读文章量体裁衣
有仕人退朝，诣其友人，见百衲衣道人在坐，不怿而去。
他日谓友人曰：“公好衣毳褐之夫，何也？吾不知其贤愚，且觉其臭。”友人应曰：“毳褐之臭，外也，岂其铜乳？铜乳之臭，并肩而立，接迹而趋。
公处其间，曾不嫌耻，反讥余与山野有道之士游？高尚之人以蛙鸣鼓吹，吾视毳褐愈于今之朱紫远矣！ 释词： [仕人：做官的] [诣：前往] [百衲衣：和尚穿的衣裳] [怿：高兴] [衣毳褐：穿褐色兽皮] [铜乳：铜水] [朱紫：大红袍] 译文： 有做官的人，前去探望他的朋友，遇到老道在坐，不高兴离去.另一天跟朋友说："你喜好穿褐色兽皮的人，是何道理？我并不知道他聪明或愚笨，只是感觉很臭."朋友答话："褐色兽皮的臭，只是外表.而铜锈的臭，挨着你站着，循你的踪迹而追你.您在中间，并未嫌它可耻.反而讥笑我和山野道士的交往.品德高尚的人用喧哗之声鼓吹，我看褐色兽皮更好于今日的大红袍"。.。
薛谭学讴
薛谭①学讴②于秦青，未穷青之技，自谓尽之，遂辞归。秦青弗止，饯于郊衢③，抚节④悲歌⑤，声振林木，响遏行云。薛谭乃谢求反⑥，终身不敢言归。
——《列子•汤问》
[注释]
①薛谭、秦青：传说中秦国两名善于唱歌的人。
②讴：不用乐器伴奏的歌唱。
③衢：大路。
④抚节：打着节拍。抚，通“拊”，拍打。节：歌曲的节拍。
⑤悲歌：唱出悲壮的歌。
⑥反：通“返”，返回。
[知识库]
《列子》，共八篇，相传是战国列御寇著。列御寇，战国时郑人，是位不慕名利的隐士，崇尚清虚的道家思想家。该书中保存了许多古代的寓言故事和神话传说，是有价值的文化遗产。
[牛刀小试]
1.解释下列加点的词语在文中的意思。
⑴未穷青之技 （ ）
⑵自谓尽之 （ ）
⑶遂辞归 （ ）
⑷薛谭乃谢求反 （ ）
2.选出下列句中“之”字用法和其他三句不同的一项 （ ）
A昂首观之 B未穷青之技
C见二虫斗草间，观之正浓 D自谓尽之
3.翻译句子。
⑴秦青弗止，饯于郊衢。
⑵声振林木，响遏行云。
4.薛谭为何“乃谢求反，终身不敢言归”了呢？
5.这则小故事给了你怎样的启示？请用自己的话加以概括。
[答案]
1.⑴尽，文中是“全部学完”的意思。 ⑵认为 ⑶于是，就 ⑷道歉
3. ⑴秦青没有挽留他，在郊外的大路上为他饯行。
⑵歌声振动树林，响彻云霄，使天空中飘动的云也止住了。
4.因为他发现秦青的歌技高超，自己并没有学完，懂得了学无止境的道理，于是潜心学习。
5.骄傲自满、浅尝辄止、半途而废，只能学得皮毛；告诉我们在学习上只有虚心进取、精益求精，才能攀上高峰。
注：本文已发表于2005年第7期《新语文活页》
1.针砭时弊是议论文的重要功能。读了这篇文章，你认为作者写此文的原因是什么？
答：有些人一旦拥有了财富地位，就会在脸上表露出市侩势利，给人不可一世之感，作者写此文就是对这种人提出批评。
2.作者对“脸”的内涵又怎样的理解？
答：脸是背景，脸是身份，脸是信号，脸是征兆，脸是自尊，脸是光彩和门面。
3.文章从哪几个方面阐述了自己的观点？
答：脸色总是心态的表露，读脸色可以读出人情。
4.第六段中。作者说：要是有人阔了，问题也就来了。问题指的是什么？
答：有了嫉妒病的发作，上面写着市侩和势利，擦抹的显然是铜臭和浊粉
5.文章结尾谈到鲁迅先生列的等式时说：这自然是别有深意在。阅读文章，你对这得“深意”怎样理解？
答：有些人像畜生一样，没有人性，脸色可以读出心态，读出人情、
6.文学作品中，有许多人有一张善变的脸，他们的脸就是一张人性的名片，请说出给你留下最深印象的一位，并说出其变化。
答：《变色龙》的奥楚蔑洛夫，红楼梦里的王熙凤
【解释】薛谭学讴（1）于（2）秦青，未穷（3）青之技，自谓尽之，遂辞归（4）。
秦青弗止（5），饯于郊衢（念qu，二声）（6），抚节（7）悲歌，声振林木，响遏（8）行云。薛谭乃谢（9）求反（10），终身不敢言归。
【原文】薛谭学讴于秦青，未穷青之技，自谓尽之，遂辞归。秦青弗止，饯行于郊衢，抚节悲歌，声振林木，响遏行云。
薛谭乃射求反，终身不敢言归。秦青顾谓其友曰：“昔韩蛾东之齐，匮粮，过雍门，鬻（读音yu四声，卖）歌假食。
既去而余音绕梁欐（读音li二声，栋，中梁），三日不绝，左右以其人弗去。过逆旅，逆旅人辱之。
韩娥因曼声哀哭，一里老幼悲愁，垂涕相对，三日不食。遽而追之。
娥还，复为曼声长歌。一里老幼喜跃抃（读音bian四声，鼓掌）舞，弗能自禁，忘向之悲也。
乃厚赂发之。故雍门之人，至今善歌哭，放（通‘仿’，效仿）娥之遗声也。
【译文】薛谭向秦青学习唱歌，还没有学完秦青的技艺，就以为学尽了，于是就告辞回家。秦青没有劝阻他，在城外大道旁给他饯行，秦青打着节拍，高唱悲歌。
歌声振动了林木，那音响止住了行云。薛谭于是向秦青道歉，要求回来继续学习。
从此以后，他一辈子也不敢再说要回家。秦青对他的朋友说：“从前韩国的娥到东边的齐国去，没有粮食了，经过雍门（齐国的城门）时，在那卖唱乞讨食物。
虽然她走了但是还有余音绕着（那雍门的）中梁，三日不停（消失），旁边的人还以为她人没有走呢。住客栈时，客栈的人侮辱她。
韩国的娥因此放声哀哭，整个里弄的老小都因此而悲伤愁苦，互相垂泪相对，三天都不吃饭。（里弄的人）赶紧去把追她（回来）。
娥回来后，又放声歌唱。整个里弄的老小欢喜跳跃拍手舞蹈，不能克制自己，全忘了刚刚的悲伤了。
（里弄的人）于是给了她很多钱财打发她走。所以雍门那的人，至今还善于唱歌表演，那是效仿娥留下的歌唱（技艺）啊。”
【注释】（1）讴：唱歌；（2）于：向；（3）穷：尽，完；（4）遂辞归：于是就告辞回家；辞：告辞（5）弗止：没有劝阻；（6）饯行于郊衢：在城外大道旁给他饯行；（7）抚节：打着拍节：（8）遏：阻止；（9）谢：道歉；（10）反：通假字，通“返”，返回。【中心】这个故事说明了学习必须虚心、持之以恒、不能骄傲自满、半途而废。
这里也给我们以启示：一方面可以说恰当的正面教育可收到很好的效果。道理是从实际生活中抽象出来的，当反过来用它来指导学生实际时，就应具体化、形象化，教师的引导也要晓之以理，动之以情，针对往往容易产生自满的同学，这样的导向往往能使其看到别人身上的闪光点，使其客观地评价自己和他人，让其真正懂得如何做到全面发展，以及如何才能真正成为“四有人才”，进而激励他们锐意进取的可贵精神。
【文言知识】说“谢”：现代汉语中的“谢”，多指感谢或凋谢。上文“薛谭乃谢求反”中的“谢”。
指认错、道歉。又，“父斥之，儿谢”，意为父亲斥责儿子，儿子便认错。
又，“帝怒，群臣谢去“，意为皇帝发怒了，大臣们认错而离去。从薛谭学讴说起古籍《列子.汤问》内有一段“薛谭学讴”，原文仅有五十一个字。
古文历来讲究简洁，力求言简意赅，不似我们今天风行的假大空文风。今将原文抄录如下：薛谭学讴于秦青，未穷秦青之技，自谓尽之，遂辞归。
秦青弗止。饯于郊衢，抚节悲歌，声振林木，响遏行云。
薛谭乃谢求反，终生不敢言归。我试将这段古文译成我们习惯使用的白话文。
译前，先将原文内的几个生涩古字释说一下：“讴”，即唱歌；“弗”，不；“饯”，为送别举办饯行；“郊衢”，城市郊外的大道；“抚”，古时与“拊”字通用，作表示拍击、拍打之意用的动词；“节”，古时的打击乐器；“反”，古时与返通用。这段古文说的是发生在两千五六百年以前战国时期的故事。
秦国有一个叫薛谭的青年歌手，为提高唱歌本领，投在秦国歌唱家秦青的门下学习声乐艺术。薛谭还没有学尽秦青的技艺，就盲目自认已经全部学到，踌躇满志的要去独闯江湖，于是向秦青提出要求结束学习，要告别老师回自己家去。
面对自满的学生，秦青没有批评，没有制止，不仅同意了薛谭的请求，还郑重举办了结业仪式，秦青亲自出城送别，又在郊外的大道设宴为薛谭饯行。眼看薛谭就要离去，不知何日能再聚，想起薛谭学艺以来的岁月时光里，师生进行传承艺术，相互融洽相互尊重，秦青胸中泛出不舍之情难以自禁，秦青取出随身携带着的叫“节”的打击乐器，拍拍打打的敲了起来，又紧随这敲打出来的节奏，纵情引吭高歌，他把自己对离别的伤感倾泄在歌声里。
但见，秦青激昂的歌声，把大道附近树林里的大树震荡得枝摇叶晃；秦青高亢的歌声，直插九霄云天，正在天空飘行的白云遭受强大有力的歌声阻挡，只得被迫停止了游动。薛谭第一次亲身目睹了自己的老师歌唱本领如此高强，技艺如此绝伦，发自肺腑钦敬，薛谭幡然醒悟，明白自己肤浅的学业与老师已经登临的艺术高境差距之遥有如地对天。
薛谭当即向老师认错，恳求老师准允他重返师门继续学习。秦青谅恕了薛谭，师生皆是欢喜，从此以后，薛谭安心学艺，永远不敢再说自己要。
1、注意材料对话题的限制作用.在话题作文中，材料与话题的关系主要有四种：1材料引出话题.2材料解释话题.3材料限制话题.4材料拓展话题.同时这四种关系并不是单独在起作用，在很多题目中，可能是几种关系同时存在.本次作文题目，材料限制话题的作用比较明显.正如前面分析时所说，材料中的“生活元素”、“生活内容”、“生活追求”从色彩的作用入手，把色彩与生活、人生联系在一起.而通过写大自然山水的色彩变化，来谈环境污染问题，就没有吃透命题者的意图，没有注意材料对话题的限制，没把“色彩”与生活、人生联系起来，有打“擦边球”之嫌.2、选择合适的文体，量体裁衣.本作文不太适合写记叙文，而更适合写说理或抒情的散文.如果写记叙文就只能运用象征手法来选择某种有特殊意义的事物，还要扣住“色彩”来记叙事件，这是很难操作的.3、表述上要紧扣话题来突出主题，而不要偏离话题.“为了自己的人生追求，他刻苦努力，终成我国著名的数学家，人生绽放出绚丽的色彩.”这句话没能紧扣话题“色彩”，而是转移到突出“人生追求”上了.可改为：“为了给自己的生命着上五彩的颜色，他刻苦努力，不懈追求，终成我国著名的数学家，人生绽放出绚丽的色彩.”很多时候，学生能做到扣主题，却在扣话题上不能到位，不能实现主题与话题的完美“接轨”.一般情况下，开篇与结尾都要做“主题与话题接轨”的表述，分析事例时也要注意扣住话题来突出主题、分析论证.四、佳作展示：为生活调色有人说，生活是红色的.它给予人似火的灼热，使人感到生活是美好的；有人说，生活是蓝色的，它给予人沉静与理智，使人像大海那样有宽广的胸怀、宏远的气魄；有人说，生活是绿色的，它给予人青春的梦幻，使人期盼在有限的生命中寻觅绿色的美丽；有人说，生活是灰色的，它布满了陷阱和失败，让你遍体鳞伤，愁容满面；有人说，生活是黑色的，山穷水尽，看不到希望，看不到未来. “一千个读者眼中有一千个哈姆雷特”.每个人都有自己的答案，那么你的生活是什么颜色的呢？我想这是一个要用人的一生来回答的问题.你只看到黑暗，你就永远在黑暗里；你看到光明，光明就会在你的生命中.坐在轮椅上的巨人———霍金，用痛苦去把生活画上灿烂的色彩；又聋又盲的海伦·凯勒，在苦涩的黑暗中描绘五彩缤纷的光明世界.董存瑞用自己的忠诚爆出轰天巨响，浓黑的硝烟散去，蔚蓝的天空飘扬着鲜艳的红旗；杨利伟用中国人的志气和智慧在太空中划出一道道光辉的轨迹……生活并不是上帝用来检测我们有多蠢而布下的陷阱，而是一个让我们演绎精彩的舞台，是一堂让我们去感悟、去体验人生的必修课，是一个巨大的调色盘.所以，我们应该用自己的双手去调出自己生活的色彩！如果你面临困境，请把“山穷水复疑无路”的灰暗，调成“柳暗花明又一村”的明快.把“黑云压城城欲摧”的绝望调成“甲光向日金鳞开”的希冀.如果你嫌秋太萧条，抹一笔春的绿色带给它生气；如果你嫌冬太肃杀，勾一笔夏的粉红，带给它热情和欢快.如果你不甘于生活中平淡的底色，那就放飞自己的理想.奋勇一搏.让平淡消失在成功的金色之下.如果你在金色的光环和铜臭的诱惑之下丧失理智，那就用金铜铸成警示的大钟.用自己的双手去调出生活的色彩，用青春的彩笔去描绘我们生命的华章.用亿万双手去创造和谐的社会，中华之树必定根深叶茂，万古长青.为生命着色生命是自己的画板，为什么要要依赖别人着色？——题记人一出生，便如白纸，生机盎然，傲对来世.随着岁月流逝，光阴轮转，白纸上会留下点点痕迹，是春的万紫千红，夏的浓荫绿树，还是秋的金黄世界，冬的洁白剔透？人生，恰似一幅画，画的色彩全由你自己掌握.如白色淡泊，如灰色沉郁，也如红色灿烂明艳……白，如东坡.“把盏临风，牵黄擎苍叹英雄，一蓑风雨平生任，踏雪飞鸿”.东坡的一生极为坎坷，仕途的偃蹇，爱情的曲折，辗转的劳累与奔波.多少次，他的心里矛盾重重：放弃仕途，怎能报效祖国？放弃文学，怎能跻身文坛？最终，他将功名利禄换了竹杖芒鞋，他在缺月挂疏桐之夜感“人生到处之何似，恰似飞鸿踏雪泥”之淡泊，他不为“蝇头微利，蜗角虚名”所触动，只愿“沧海寄余生”.东坡从政治的窄门中走出，为自己的生命涂上一笔洁白的白色，纯美、高洁……灰，如中国历代文人泥土般的朴素.他们以不羁的笔墨，内敛的性情勾勒出自己生命灰色的空间，似怀才不遇的陈子昂，似报国无门的陆放翁，似一贬再贬的杜工部，也如借酒浇愁的李太白.他们用那一抹浓重的灰色，让历史为之叹息，让文化在后人的眼里变得厚重起来，他们，在灰色的空间里成为风中飘摇的朵朵青莲！红，如陆幼青，每当看到他强忍着生理和心理的痛苦写下的文字时，每当看到他那株笑魇为面的向日葵时，我都会有一种欲哭无泪的酸楚.在生命的最后一刻，他选择了一种落叶的方式——用拼尽全力的翩舞来托起生命的辉煌像流星一般在最后一瞬间划出一道貌岸然最亮丽的光弧！他的生命因此而灿烂！人生的境界在于将自己的潜能发挥到极致！生命的画板，让我们自己着色！活着，总会有一个位置，让你绽放属于自己。
例文参考：一、为了什么的纪念牛顿故居仍被剑桥物尽其用，未加改造，有更多人慕名前来；莫言故居却在众人毁灭性的“纪念”活动中黯然凋零。
联想到当前的仿古热、故居热、文化热，这些纪念方式却成了“为了忘却的纪念”当务之急，是如何让纪念成为“为了传承的纪念”。最好的纪念是保护。
前段时间，惊悉北京的“梁林”故居被毁；无数人所纪念的梁思成，林徽因从此又少了一份实物的印证。有关部门解释说是为了原址重修。
这场景何其眼熟！北京旧城墙拆除前，梁思成曾为保护这历史的见证而四处奔波，甚至含泪怒骂：“今日你们拆的是真文物，明日你们建的就是假文物。”2005年，仿建的永定门城墙竣工。
没错，仿古建筑再多也只是赝品，再多的“修复”也只是一个个仿真模型。最好的纪念是保护，只有保护才能存贮历史的真实。
多少年后，重建的莫言故居又能给我们带来多少回忆呢？最好的纪念是利用。都江堰，这个历尽两千多年的风吹雨打的水利奇迹，如今仍在造福着沿岸的黎民百姓。
自李冰父子率众建成后，都江堰没有歇，都江堰不该歇，都江堰也不能歇！因为，没有水的滋润，不出几年，它就会垮掉。同样，对于传统文化，我们应该让它们“活”起来而不是把它们“存”起来，剪纸艺术，有贴窗花的习俗才会流传，皮影艺术，有人看才不朽，动轴不腐，有利用才有未来。
最好的纪念是传承。自从与旅游经济挂上钩，古文化，名人故居就像坐上了火箭一样在全国热了起来。
于是我们看到大同斥百亿重建古城；西安要将重建的阿房宫在重建；多地为“孙悟空故居”大的火热。可是，这些外在的东西毕竟只是浮华，内在精神的传承才是传统文化真正的魅力所在，倘若齐鲁之地都遵循孔子之风，巴蜀之地都继承李白之诗情，潇湘之地都拥有范仲淹的济世情怀，这才是中华文化最好的传承与最好的纪念。
是的，我们对古文化、对历史的纪念，不应是鲁迅所说的为了忘却的纪念，像牛顿故居那样，传承牛顿的精神品质，让故居、文化在利用中生生不息，这才是纪念的意义。我们呼吁，最好的纪念，是传承。
二、别让文化染上铜臭的味道莫言的一个“诺奖”带来的不仅是中国文学界的一线曙光，还有不少人腰里鼓起的钱囊。不知从什么时候，莫家的大院被踏平了，莫家的萝卜被拔光了，小破屋被高价出租，甚至平安庄都成了“龙脉”。
是不是用不了多久，这里的房价也会成倍的上涨？其实这些现象并不是偶然，只不过莫言热就像一个放大镜，把这些现象放大在了公众的视线之上。纵观现今的文化，无论是电影界，电视界，文学界，音乐界，哪一个不是以赚钱作为标准，却把最基本的文化要求放在最不显眼的位置？电影界，为了追求高票房，导演和编剧们不惜篡改历史，硬生生地加入各种滥俗的爱情桥段，与真正的历史背道而驰，这样的做法，票房是上去了，却愚弄了观众，误导了少年儿童，更是玷污了我们的文化。
同样的事情同样发生在音乐、文化等各种领域。为了迎合大众的口味，音乐充斥的是千篇一律的你情我爱，专辑销量是上去了，可却失了音乐的本真。
同样的，各种网路小说充斥荧屏，内容低俗不堪，作者几天便能完结一本小说，为的只是那几千几万的点击量，可真正的文学却在这媚俗之中被吞噬的无影无踪。即使我们现在提倡的是以经济建设为基础，文化却不能包括在内。
文化是什么？文化是用感悟，用灵魂，甚至用生命凝聚的结晶。司马迁用忍辱负重的意志一笔一笔的刻画出来的《史记》，它的诞生只是为了那身为史官的一份沉甸甸的责任，这，才是文化。
伯牙，钟子期的友谊凝聚出的《高山流水》，它的存在，只为一个知音难觅的慨叹，这，才是文化。《儒林外史》，这包含了官场形形 *** 的经典，它的存在，也只是因为吴敬梓身为落第书生的一把辛酸泪。
这，才是文化！这些文化跟金钱没有半点关系，却因其中沉甸甸的灵魂而流传百世。作为四大文明古国之一，中国能存在至今的国家，很大一部分原因就是我们灿烂的文化。
文化，就好比中华民族的灵魂。而如今，我们却为了金钱，抛弃了我们的灵魂，那么，即使我们的经济增长了，纵有一个绚丽的躯壳，人民的心灵却杂草丛生，悲乎哀哉！如果诺贝尔奖带来的不过是沾满铜臭的文化，这样的诺奖，不要也罢！三、文化乃传承之物在追求即时利益的当今社会，以某一热点话题来谋求利益似乎已成为商家的制胜活宝。
而文化更是其主打“品牌”，这让有识之士目瞪口呆。文化并不是创造利益的机器，而是引领人前进的明灯，是一个民族应传承万世之物。
文化的传承，传承的是民族的信仰。“人生自古谁无死，留取丹心照汗青”传承的是文天祥的忠诚；“横眉冷对千夫指，俯首甘为孺子牛”传承的是鲁迅的奉献；“何时眼前突兀见此屋，吾庐独破受冻死亦足”传承的是杜甫那忧国忧民，心怀天下的胸襟！中华民族的信仰正由这些或是华美，或是慷慨激扬的文字，经文化的春风吹拂进我们一代又一代人的心中，让中华民族的信仰不断地引领我们前行。
文化的传承，传承的是为学的精神。当莫言圆了中国人多年来渴求获得诺贝尔奖的夙愿后，理应借此机会，提升国民对文化的追求精。
量体裁衣的意思是比喻按照实际情况办事。你们对量体裁衣的典故了解吗?下面是我给大家整理的量体裁衣典故，供大家阅读!
【拼音】liàng tǐ cái yī
【释义】按照身材裁剪衣服。比喻按照实际情况办事。
【用法】作谓语、宾语、分句;指实事求是
【近义词】量力而行、量入为出、实事求是
【反义词】力不从心、不自量力、力所不及
子观越王之志何若?意越王将听吾言，用我道，则翟将往，量腹面食，度身而衣，自比于群臣，奚能以封为哉? 《墨子·鲁问》
清朝著名书法家钱泳所著《履园丛话》中，有一段关于“称体裁衣”的故事。北京城里有个成衣匠，浙江宁波人，其裁缝手艺高超，官吏和富豪都找他给缝制衣服。他每次替人裁衣、量尺寸的时候，不仅仅注意穿衣服人的身材，而且对于人的性情、年龄、相貌特征也都认真观察和了解，甚至连何时中举等等也要细细打听。有人觉得奇怪，便问他：“你打听这些做什么?难道这些跟衣服的尺寸也有关系吗?”他回答说：“当然有关系，光从衣服的长短来说：少年中举的，难免骄傲一些，走路一定挺胸凸肚，这种人的衣服因此要前长后短，穿起来才合身;至于老年中举的，大多意气消沉，弯腰曲背，他们的衣服就要前短后长;胖子的衣服，腰部应该特别的宽，瘦的就不妨窄些;性急的人，衣服宜短，性子慢的，应该长一些。……”钱泳写完这个故事，评论说：这个成衣匠，他之所以高明，就在于他不仅能按照身材尺寸来裁制衣服，而且善于掌握人的特点，从中体会出一些规律来。
“称体裁衣”，也叫“相体裁衣”，而现在我们经常用“量体裁衣”。这句成语的含义是：凡事都应该从实际出发，一切都要符合实际。它有时和另一句成语“看菜吃饭”的意思差不多。两句成语，恰好一对。
1. 由于历史原因,位于波河平原的博洛尼亚地区成为意大利发达的包装机械制造企业集中地,这里的机械制造业可以达到“量体裁衣”满足客户需要的水平。
2. 二、从学生实际出发,看菜吃饭,量体裁衣。
3. 如果不拿出政府财政兜底的硬指标,各地方财政苦乐不均,各学校冷暖不匀,所能提供的校车服务恐怕也只能是看菜吃饭,量体裁衣。
4. “俗话说看菜吃饭、量体裁衣,怎么赚钱怎么花,这朴素的道理年轻人怎么就不懂呢?”
5. 看菜吃饭量体裁衣,这两件事情怎么能相提并论呢?那辗转反侧的岛国艺术就是我的第一桶金……
6. 看菜吃饭,量体裁衣,在什么山头唱什么歌。
7. 第三,要变“宽打窄用”为“量体裁衣”,避免浪费。
8. 呵呵,哥哥是个实在人,不是不喜欢修炼,而量体裁衣,看菜吃饭。
9. 说简单的,就是"看菜吃饭,量体裁衣"。
10. 平常的消费,要有一个度,“看菜吃饭,量体裁衣”,以自己的经济状况去合理消费,不应超越标准。
11. “看菜吃饭,量体裁衣”的道理,就在这里。
12. 所以,一个重要的解决之道是把机构设置的权力还给地方人大,人大会根据本级政府财政决定机构设置数量,“看菜吃饭,量体裁衣”,制约机构盲目膨胀。
13. 比如咱们国家的计量单位,量体裁衣习惯用尺(市尺)、寸来表示长度,身高一般会说多少公分,种地会用亩或公顷为单位表示地的面积大小,家里买菜会说买了几斤几两。
14. 因此,“性价比最优”的概念,实际上隐含了一个“看菜吃饭,量体裁衣”的朴素思路。
15.标准不要太高,要量体裁衣。
16.俗话说:看菜吃饭,量体裁衣“,体”就是中心思想,根据中心思想剪裁材料,就可缝制出好文章。
17.俗话说,看菜吃饭,量体裁衣,我们做任何事情都要看具体情况办理。
18.他的能力有限,你应该量体裁衣,不能把这件事交给他去做。
19.我们无论做什么事都要实事求是,量体裁衣。
阅读文章英语
英语阅读精选文章
学习英语需要每天积累，除了积累单词之外，还有就是文章了。以下是网我整理的关于英语阅读的精选文章，供同学们阅读。
篇一：读书之乐
Reading is a pleasure of the mind, which means that it is a little like a sport: your eagerness and knowledge and quickness make you a good reader. Reading is fun, not because the writer is telling you something, but because it makes your mind work. Your own imagination works along with the author's or even goes beyond his. Your experience, compared with his, brings you to the same or different conclusions, and your ideas develop as you understand his.
Every book stands by itself, like a one-family house, but books in a library are like houses in a city. Although they are separate, together they all add up to something; they are connected with each other and with other cities. The same ideas, or related ones, turn up in different places; the human problems that repeat themselves in life repeat themselves in literature, but with different solutions according to different writings at different times.
Reading can only be fun if you expect it to be. If you concentrate on books somebody tells you "ought" to read, you probably won't have fun. But if you put down a book you don't like and try another till you find one that means something to you, and then relax with it, you will almost certainly have a good time--and if you become as a result of reading, better, wiser, kinder, or more gentle, you won't have suffered during the process.
读书是愉悦心智之事。在这一点上它与运动颇为相似:一个优秀的读者必须要有热情、有知识、有速度。读书之乐并非在于作者要告诉你什么，而在于它促使你思考。你跟随作者一起想像，有时你的想象甚至会超越作者的。把自己的体验与作者的相互比较，你会得出相同或者不同的结论。在理解作者想法的同时，也形成了自己的观点。
每一本书都自成体系，就像一家一户的住宅，而图书馆里的藏书好比城市里千家万户的居所。尽管它们都相互独立，但只有相互结合才有意义。家家户户彼此相连，城市与城市彼此相依。相同或相似的思想在不同地方涌现。人类生活中反复的问题也在文学中不断重现，但因时代与作品的`差异，答案也各不相同。
如果你希望的话，读书也能充满乐趣。倘若你只读那些别人告诉你该读之书，那么你不太可能有乐趣可言。但如果你放下你不喜欢的书，试着阅读另外一本，直到你找到自己中意的，然后轻轻松松的读下去，差不多一定会乐在其中。而且，当你通过阅读变得更加优秀，更加善良，更加文雅时，阅读便不再是一种折磨。
篇二：任教印象
The main impression growing out of twelve years on the faculty of a medical school is that the health problem in the . today, even more than AIDS or cancer, is that Americans don’t know how to think about health and illness. Our reactions are formed on the terror level.
We fear the worst, expect the worst, thus invite the worst. The result is that we are becoming a nation of weaklings and hypochondriacs, a self-medicating society incapable of
distinguishing between casual, everyday symptoms and those that require professional attention.
Early in life, too, we become seized with the bizarre idea that we are constantly assaulted by invisible monsters called germs, and that we have to be on constant alert to protect ourselves against their fury. Equal emphasis, however, is not given to the presiding fact that our bodies are superbly equipped to deal with the little demons and the best way of forestalling an attack is to maintain a sensible life-style.
在医学院任教十二年来，我获得的主要印象是，当今美国头号健康问题——一个比艾滋病或癌症更为严重的问题——是美国人不知道如何去认识健康与疾病。我们的反应是惊恐万状。我们怕最坏的事，想着最坏的事，而恰恰就召来了最坏的事。结果 ，我们变成了一个孱弱不堪，总疑心自己有病的民族，一个分不清哪些是日常偶发症状，哪些是需要治疗的症状，而自己擅自用药的社会。
我们年轻的时候还染上了一种奇怪的观念：一种肉眼看不见的叫做细菌的小妖怪在不断向我们进攻，我们必须长备不懈地保护自己不受其伤害。然而，对另一个重要事实，我们却未能给予同样的重视，那就是，我们的身体装备精良，足以对付这些小妖怪，而且防止妖怪进攻的最佳途径就是保持合理的生活方式。
英语阅读：The Language of Music
A painter hangs his or her finished pictures on a wall, and everyone can see it. A composer writes a work, but no one can hear it until it is performed. Professional singers and players have great responsibilities, for the composer is utterly dependent on them. A student of music needs as long and as arduous a training to become a performer as a medical student needs to become a doctor. Most training is concerned with technique, for musicians have to have the muscular proficiency of an athlete or a ballet dancer. Singers practice breathing every day, as their vocal chords would be inadequate without controlled muscular support. String players practice moving the fingers of the left hand up and down, while drawing the bow to and fro with the right arm-two entirely different movements.
Singers and instruments have to be able to get every note perfectly in tune. Pianists are spared this particular anxiety, for the notes are already there, waiting for them, and it is the piano tuner’s responsibility to tune the instrument for them. But they have their own difficulties; the hammers that hit the string have to be coaxed not to sound like percussion, and each overlapping tone has to sound clear.
This problem of getting clear texture is one that confronts student conductors: they have to learn to know every note of the music and how it should sound, and they have to aim at controlling these sound with fanatical but selfless authority.
Technique is of no use unless it is combined with musical knowledge and understanding. Great artists are those who are so thoroughly at home in the language of music that they can enjoy performing works written in any century.
英语阅读：An Empty Box
Once upon a time, a man punished his 5-year-old daughter for using up the family's only roll of expensive gold wrapping paper. Money was tight, and he became even more upset when on Christmas Eve, he saw that the child had pasted the gold paper so as to decorate a shoebox to put under the Christmas tree.
Nevertheless, the next morning the little girl, filled with excitement, brought the gift box to her father and said, "This is for you, Daddy!"
As he opened the box, the father was embarrassed by his earlier overreaction.
But when he opened it, he found it was empty and again his anger flared. "Don't you know, young lady, " he said harshly, "when you give someone a present there's supposed to be something inside the package!"
The little girl looked up at him with tears rolling from her eyes and said: "Daddy, it's not empty. I blew kisses into it until it was all full."
The father was crushed. He fell on his knees and put his arms around his precious little girl. He begged her to forgive him for his unnecessary anger.
An accident took the life of the child only a short time later. It is told that the father kept that little gold box by his bed for all the years of his life. Whenever he was discouraged or faced difficult problems he would open the box, take out an imaginary kiss, and remember the love of this beautiful child who had put it there.
In a very real sense, each of us as human beings have been given an invisible golden box filled with unconditional love and kisses from our children, family, friends and God.
There is no more precious possession anyone could hold.
英语阅读：Happiness Equates with Fun?
I live in Hollywood. You may think people in such a glamorous, fun-filled place are happier than others. If so, you have some mistaken ideas about the nature of happiness.
Many intelligent people still equate happiness with fun. The truth is that fun and happiness have little or nothing in common. Fun is what we experience during an act. Happiness is what we experience after an act. It is a deeper, more abiding emotion.
Going to an amusement park or ball game, watching a movie or television, are fun activities that help us relax, temporarily forget our problems and maybe even laugh. But they do not bring happiness, because their positive effects end when the fun ends.
I have often thought that if Hollywood stars have a role to play, it is to teach us that happiness has nothing to do with fun. These rich, beautiful inpiduals have constant access to glamorous parties, fancy cars, expensive homes, everything that spells "happiness".
But in memoir after memoir, celebrities reveal the unhappiness hidden beneath all their fun: depression, alcoholism, drug addiction, broken marriages, troubled children, profound loneliness.
The way people cling to the belief that a fun-filled, pain-free life equates happiness actually diminishes their chances of ever attaining real happiness. If fun and pleasure are equated with happiness, then pain must be equated with unhappiness. But, in fact, the opposite is true: More times than not, things that lead to happiness involve some pain.
As a result, many people avoid the very endeavors that are the source of true happiness. They fear the pain inevitably brought by such things as marriage, raising children, professional achievement, religious commitment, civic or charitable work, and self-improvement.
英语阅读：Today is a Gift
Two men, both seriously ill, occupied the same hospital room. One man was allowed to sit up in his bed for an hour each afternoon to help drain the fluid from his lungs. His bed was next to the room‘s only window. The other man had to spend all his time flat on his back. The men talked for hours on end.
They spoke of their wives and families, their homes, their jobs, their involvement in the military service, where they had been on vacation. And every afternoon when the man in the bed by the window could sit up, he would pass the time by describing to his roommate all the things he could see outside the window. The man in the other bed began to live for those one-hour periods where his world would be broadened and enlivened by all the activity and color of the world outside.
The window overlooked a park with a lovely lake. Ducks and swans played on the water while children sailed their model boats. Young lovers walked arm in arm amidst flowers of every color of the rainbow. Grand old trees graced the landscape, and a fine view of the city skyline could be seen in the distance. As the man by the window described all this in exquisite detail, the man on the other side of the room would close his eyes and imagine the picturesque scene.
One warm afternoon the man by the window described a parade passing by. Although the other man couldn‘t hear the band - he could see it in his mind‘s eye as the gentleman by the window portrayed it with descriptive words.
Days and weeks passed. One morning, the day nurse arrived to bring water for their baths only to find the lifeless body of the man by the window, who had died peacefully in his sleep. She was saddened and called the hospital attendants to take the body away.
As soon as it seemed appropriate, the other man asked if he could be moved next to the window. The nurse was happy to make the switch, and after making sure he was comfortable, she left him alone. Slowly and painfully, he propped himself up on one elbow to take his first look at the world outside. Finally, he would have the joy of seeing it for himself. He strained to slowly turn to look out the window beside the bed. It faced a blank wall.
The man asked the nurse what could have compelled his deceased roommate who had described such wonderful things outside this window. The nurse responded that the man was blind and could not even see the wall. She said, "Perhaps he just wanted to encourage you."
英语阅读：Is Packing Important to You?
A young man was getting ready to graduate from college. For many months he had admired a beautiful sports car in a dealer's showroom, and knowing his father could well afford it, he told him that was all he wanted.
As Graduation Day approached, the young man awaited signs that his father had purchased the car. Finally, on the morning of his graduation, his father called him into his private study. His father told him how proud he was to have such a fine son, and told him how much he loved him. He handed his son a beautiful wrapped gift box. Curious, but somewhat disappointed, the young man opened the box and found a lovely, leather-bound Bible, with the young man's name embossed in gold.
Angrily, he raised his voice to his father and said, "With all your money you give me a Bible?" He then stormed out of the house, leaving the Bible.
Many years passed and the young man was very successful in business. He had a beautiful home and a wonderful family, but realizing his father was very old, he thought perhaps he should go to see him. He had not seen him since that graduation day. Before he could make the arrangements, he received a telegram telling him his father had passed away, and willed all of his possessions to his son. He needed to come home immediately and take care of things.
When he arrived at his father's house, sudden sadness and regret filled his heart. He began to search through his father's important papers and saw the still new Bible, just as he had left it years ago.
With tears, he opened the Bible and began to turn the pages. As he was reading, a car key dropped from the back of the Bible. It had a tag with the dealer's name, the same dealer who had the sports car he had desired. On the tag was the date of his graduation, and the words… "PAID IN FULL".
How many times do we miss blessings because they are not packaged as we expected? I trust you enjoyed this. Do not spoil what you have by desiring what you have not; but remember that what you now have was once among the things you only hoped for. Sometimes we don't realize the good fortune we have or we could have because we expect "the packaging" to be different. What may appear as bad fortune may in fact be the door that is just waiting to be opened.
英语阅读：The Baby Eagle
Once upon a time there was a baby eagle living in a nest perched on a cliff overlooking a beautiful valley with waterfalls and streams, trees and lots of little animals, scurrying about enjoying their lives.
The baby eagle liked the nest. It was the only world he had ever known. It was warm and comfortable, had a great view, and even better, he had all the food and love and attention that a great mother eagle could provide. Many times each day the mother would swoop down from the sky and land in the nest and feed the baby eagle delicious morsels of food. She was like a god to him, he had no idea where she came from or how she worked her magic.
The baby eagle was hungry all the time, but the mother eagle would always come just in time with the food and love and attention he craved. The baby eagle grew strong. His vision grew very sharp. He felt good all the time.
Until one day, the mother stopped coming to the nest.
The baby eagle was hungry. "I'm sure to die," said the baby eagle, all the time.
"Very soon, death is coming," he cried, with tears streaming down his face. Over and over. But there was no one there to hear him.
Then one day the mother eagle appeared at the top of the mountain cliff, with a big bowl of delicious food and she looked down at her baby. The baby looked up at the mother and cried "Why did you abandon me? I'm going to die any minute. How could you do this to me?"
The mother said, "Here is some very tasty and nourishing food, all you have to do is come get it."
"Come get it!" said the baby, with much anger. "How?"
The mother flew away.
The baby cried and cried and cried.
A few days later, "I'm going to end it all," he said. "I give up. It is time for me to die."
He didn't know his mother was nearby. She swooped down to the nest with his last meal.
"Eat this, it's your last meal," she said.
The baby cried, but he ate and whined and whined about what a bad mother she was.
"You're a terrible mother," he said. Then she pushed him out of the nest.
He fell.
Head first.
Picked up speed.
Faster and faster.
He screamed. "I'm dying I'm dying," he cried. He picked up more speed.
He looked up at his mother. "How could you do this to me?"
He looked down.
The ground rushed closer, faster and faster. He could visualize his own death so clearly, coming so soon, and cried and whined and complained. "This isn't fair!" he screamed.
Something strange happens.
The air caught behind his arms and they snapped away from his body, with a feeling unlike anything he had ever experienced. He looked down and saw the sky. He wasn't moving towards the ground anymore, his eyes were pointed up at the sun.
"Huh?" he said. "What is going on here!"
"You're flying," his mother said.
"This is fun!" laughed the baby eagle, as he soared and ped and swooped.
"Yes it is!" said the mother.
英语文章阅读
英语 散文 的翻译,最难的不是语言的翻译,而是如何传递原文所给人的感觉和神韵。下面是我带来的关于英语优秀 文章 阅读，欢迎阅读!关于英语优秀文章阅读篇一 Alienation and the Internet (网络，你“离间”了人群?) The Internet provides an amazing forum for the free exchange of ideas. Given the relatively few restrictions governing access and usage，it is the communications modal equivalent of international It is my personal belief that the human potential can only be realized by the globalization of ideas. I developed this position2 years before the Internet came into wide spread use. And I am excited at the potential for the Internet to dramatically alter our global society for the better. However I am also troubled by the possible unintended negative consequences. There has been much talk about the“new information age.”But much less widely reported has been the notion that the Internet may be responsible for furthering the fragmentation of society by alienating its individual At first this might sound like an apparent contradiction：how can something，that is on the one hand responsible for global unification by enabling the free exchange of ideas，alienate the participants? I had a recent discussion with a friend of mine who has what he described as a“problem”with the Internet. When I questioned him further he said that he was“addicted，”4 and has“forced”himself to go off-line. He said that he felt like an alcoholic，in that moderate use of the Internet was just not possible for I have not known this fellow to be given to exaggeration，therefore when he described his internet binges，6 when he would spend over twenty-four hours on line non-stop，it gave me pause to think. He said，“the Internet isn‘t real，but I was spending all my time on line，so I just had to stop.”He went on to say that all of the time that he spent on line might have skewed7 his sense of reality，and that it made him feel lonely and depressed. The fragmentation of society has been lamented for some time now. It seems to me that it probably began in earnest after World War II when a generation returned from doing great deeds overseas. They won the war，and by God they were going to win the peace. Automobile ownership became commonplace and suburbs were created.“Progress”was their So even prior to the Internet‘s widespread popularity，folks were already becoming distanced from their extended families and neighbors. And when we fast-forward to today we see an almost cruel irony in that people can and often do develop on-line relationships with folks on the other side of the globe，without leaving their homes. But at the expense of the time that would have otherwise been available for involvement in other activities which might foster a sense of community in their villages，towns and cities. Last weekend my wife and I invited our extended family to our home to celebrate our daughter‘s birthday. During the celebration my young nephew spent the entire time on my computer playing a simulated war game. My brother-in-law and I were chatting near by and it struck us that in generations past，his son，my nephew，would have been outside playing with his friends. But now the little fellow goes on line to play his games against his friends in cyberspace. It seems to me that the Internet is a powerful tool that presents an opportunity for the advancement of the acquisition and application of knowledge. However，based on my personal experience I can understand how，as they surf the web some folks might be confronted with cognitive And I can also understand how one might have his or her sense of reality distorted in the process. Is the Internet a real place?Depending upon how a“real place”is defined it might very well be. At the very least，I believe that when we use the Internet，we are forced to ask fundamental questions about how we perceive the world about us—perhaps another unintended consequence. Some would argue that the virtual existences created by some users who debate，shop，travel and have romance on line are in fact not real. While others would argue that，since in practical terms，folks are debating，shopping，travelling and having romance，the converse is true. All of this being said，I believe that the key to realizing the potential of the Internet is in achieving balance in our lives. This would allow us to maximize its potential without losing our sense of However like most things that is easier said than done. It seems to me that we are a society that values immediate gratification above all else，and what better place to achieve it than in cyberspace，where the cyber-world is your The widespread use of the automobile forever changed our society and culture，and perhaps a similar sort of thing is occurring now. I am not at all certain where the“information superhighway”will lead us：some say to Utopia，12 while others feel it‘s the road to hell. But I do know that we all have the ability to maintain our sense of place in the world. Whether we choose to take advantage of this ability is another matter. 关于英语优秀文章阅读篇二 You! 生命掌握在你的手里——超越卓越的你 Consider…YOU. In all time before now and in all time to come，there has never been and will never be anyone just like you. You are unique in the entire history and future of the universe. Wow!Stop and think about that. You‘re better than one in a million，or a billion，or a gazillion… You are the only one like you in a sea of infinity! You‘re amazing!You’re awesome!And by the way，TAG，you‘re it. As amazing and awesome as you already are，you can be even more so. Beautiful young people are the whimsey of nature，but beautiful old people are true works of art. But you don’t become“beautiful”just by virtue of the aging process. Real beauty comes from learning，growing，and loving in the ways of life. That is the Art of Life. You can learn slowly，and sometimes painfully，by just waiting for life to happen to you. Or you can choose to accelerate your growth and intentionally devour life and all it offers. You are the artist that paints your future with the brush of today. Paint a Masterpiece. God gives every bird its food，but he doesn‘t throw it into its nest. Wherever you want to go，whatever you want to do，it’s truly up to you. 试想一下……你!一个空前绝后的你，不论是以往还是将来都不会有一个跟你一模一样的人。你在历史上和宇宙中都是独一无二的。哇!想想吧，你是万里挑一、亿里挑一、兆里挑一的。 在无穷无尽的宇宙中，你是举世无双的。 你是了不起的!你是卓越的!没错，就是你。你已经是了不起的，是卓越的，你还可以更卓越更了不起。美丽的年轻人是大自然的奇想，而美丽的老人却是艺术的杰作。但你不会因为年龄的渐长就自然而然地变得“美丽”。 真正的美丽源于生命里的学习、成长和热爱。这就是生命的艺术。你可以只听天由命，慢慢地学，有时候或许会很痛苦。又或许你可以选择加速自己的成长，故意地挥霍生活及其提供的一切。你就是手握今日之刷描绘自己未来的艺术家。 画出一幅杰作吧。 上帝给了鸟儿食物，但他没有将食物扔到它们的巢里。不管你想要去哪里，不管你想要做什么，真正做决定的还是你自己。 关于英语优秀文章阅读篇三 The Blanket (一床双人毛毯) Floyd Dell，born June 28，1887，Barry，Ill.，. died July 23，1969，Bethesda，Md. novelist and radical journalist whose fiction examined the changing mores in sex and politics among American bohemians before and after World War I. A precocious poet，Dell grew up in an impoverished family and left high school at age 16 to work in a factory. Moving to Chicago in 1908，he worked as a newspaperman and soon was a leader of the city‘s advanced literary movement. He became assistant editor of the Friday Literary Review of the Evening Post in 1909 and editor in 1911，making it one of the most noted American literary supplements. As a critic，he furthered the careers of Sherwood Anderson and Theodore Dreiser. A socialist since his youth，he moved to New York in 1914 and was associate editor of the left-wing The Masses until 1917. Dell was on the staff of The Liberator，which succeeded The Masses，from 1918 to 1924. His first and best novel，the largely autobiographical Moon-Calf，appeared in 1920，and its sequel，The Briary-Bush，in 1921. Homecoming，an autobiography taking him to his 35th year，was published in 1933. His other novels on life among the unconventional include Janet March(1923)，Runaway(1925)，and Love in Greenwich Village(1926)。His nonfiction includes Were You Ever a Child?(1919)，on child-rearing;the biography Upton Sinclair：A Study in Social Protest(1927);and Love in the Machine Age(1930)，which presented his views on sex. Little Accident，a play written with Thomas Mitchell and based on Dell’s novel An Unmarried Father(1927)，was successfully produced in 1928. Dell joined the Federal Writers Project and moved to Washington，.，in the late 1930s as an official for the project. He continued in government work after the project ended，until his retirement in 1947. Petey hadn‘t really believed that Dad would be doing It—sending Granddad away.“Away”was what they were calling until now could he believe it of his father. But here was the blanket that Dad had bought for Granddad，and in the morning he‘d be going away. This was the last evening they’d be having together. Dad was off seeing that girl he was to marry. He would not be back till late，so Petey and Granddad could sit up and talk. It was a fine September night，with a silver moon riding high. They washed up the supper dishes and then took their chairs out onto the porch.“I‘ll get my fiddle，”said the old man，“and play you some of the old tunes.” But instead of the fiddle he brought out the blanket. It was a big double blanket，red with black stripes.“Now，isn‘t that a fine blanket!”said the old man，smoothing it over his knees.“And isn’t your father a kind man to be giving the old fellow a blanket like that to go away with?It cost something，it did—look at the wool of it!There‘ll be few blankets there the equal of this one!” It was like Granddad to be saying that. He was trying to make it easier. He had pretended all along that he wanted to go away to the great brick building—the government place. There he‘d be with so many other old fellows，having the best of everything. . . . But Petey hadn’t believed Dad would really do it，not until this night when he brought home the blanket. “Oh，yes，it‘s a fine blanket，”said Petey. He got up and went into the house. He wasn’t the kind to cry and，besides，he was too old for that. He‘d just gone in to fetch Granddad’s fiddle. The blanket slid to the floor as the old man took the fiddle and stood up. He tuned up for a minute，and then said，“This is one you‘ll like to remember.” Petey sat and looked out over the gully. Dad would marry that girl. Yes，that girl who had kissed Petey and fussed over him，saying she‘d try to be a good mother to him，and all. . . . The tune stopped suddenly. Granddad said，“It‘s a fine girl your father’s going to marry. He‘ll be feeling young again with a pretty wife like that. And what would an old fellow like me be doing around their house，getting in the way?An old nuisance，what with my talks of aches and pains. It’s best that I go away，like I‘m doing. One more tune or two，and then we’ll be going to sleep. I‘ll pack up my blanket in the morning.” They didn‘t hear the two people coming down the path. Dad had one arm around the girl，whose bright face was like a doll’s. But they heard her when she laughed，right close by the porch. Dad didn‘t say anything，but the girl came forward and spoke to Granddad prettily：“I won’t be here when you leave in the morning，so I came over to say good-bye.” “It‘s kind of you，”said Granddad，with his eyes cast down. Then，seeing the blanket at his feet，he stooped to pick it up.“And will you look at this，”he said.“The fine blanket my son has given me to go away with.” “Yes，”she said.“It‘s a fine blanket.”She felt the wool and repeated in surprise，“A fine blanket—I’ll say it is!”She turned to Dad and said to him coldly，“That blanket really cost something.” Dad cleared his throat and said，“I wanted him to have the best. . . .” “It‘s double，too，”she said，as if accusing Dad. “Yes，”said Granddad，“it‘s double—a fine blanket for an old fellow to be going away with.” 17 The boy went suddenly into the house. He was looking for something. He could hear that girl scolding Dad. She realized how much of Dad‘s money—her money，really—had gone for the blanket. Dad became angry in his slow way. And now she was suddenly going away in a huff. . . . As Petey came out，she turned and called back，“All the same，he doesn‘t need a double blanket!”And she ran off up the path. Dad was looking after her as if he wasn‘t sure what he ought to do. “Oh，she‘s right，”Petey said.“Here，Dad”—and he held out a pair of scissors.“Cut the blanket in two.” Both of them stared at the boy，startled.“Cut it in two，I tell you，Dad!”he cried out.“And keep the other half.” “That‘s not a bad idea，”said Granddad gently.“I don’t need so much of a blanket.” “Yes，”the boy said harshly，“a single blanket‘s enough for an old man when he’s sent away. We‘ll save the other half，Dad. It’ll come in handy later.” “Now what do you mean by that?”asked Dad. “I mean，”said the boy slowly，“that I‘ll give it to you，Dad—when you’re old and I‘m sending you—away.” There was a silence. Then Dad went over to Granddad and stood before him，not speaking. But Granddad understood. He put out a hand and laid it on Dad‘s shoulder. And he heard Granddad whisper，“It’s all right，son. I knew you didn‘t mean it. . . .”And then Petey cried. But it didn‘t matter—because they were all crying together. Floyd Dell
教育 的进步是在改变的基础上实现的,改变的第一步就是摒弃墨守成规的教学思维,英语作为国际沟通交流的语言工具,其在全球化进程中扮演着重要的角色。下面是我带来的经典英语 文章 阅读，欢迎阅读!经典英语文章阅读篇一 十二月的玫瑰 Roses in December Coaches more times than not use their hearts instead of their heads to make tough decisions. Unfortunately, this wasn’t the case when I realized we had a baseball conference game scheduled when our seniors would be in Washington, . for the annual senior field trip. We were a team dominated by seniors, and for the first time in many years, we were in the conference race for first place. I knew we couldn’t win without our seniors, so I called the rival coach and asked to reschedule the game when everyone was available to play. “No way,” he replied. The seniors were crushed and offered to skip the much-awaited traditional trip. I assured them they needed to go on the trip as part of their educational experience, though I really wanted to accept their offer and win and go on to the conference championship. But I did not, and on that fateful Tuesday, I wished they were there to play. I had nine underclass players eager and excited that they finally had a chance to play. The most excited player was a young mentally challenged boy we will call Billy. Billy was, I believe, overage, but because he loved sports so much, an understanding principal had given him permission to be on the football and baseball teams. Billy lived and breathed sports and now he would finally get his chance to play. I think his happiness captured the imagination of the eight other substitute players. Billy was very small in size, but he had a big heart and had earned the respect of his teammates with his effort and enthusiasm. He was a left-handed hitter and had good baseball skills. His favorite pastime, except for the time he practiced sports, was to sit with the men at a local rural store talking about sports. On this day, I began to feel that a loss might even be worth Billy’s chance to play. Our opponents jumped off to a four-run lead early in the game, just as expected. Somehow we came back to within one run, and that was the situation when we went to bat in the bottom of the ninth. I was pleased with our team’s effort and the constant grin on Billy’s face. If only we could win..., I thought, but that’s asking too much. If we lose by one run, it will be a victory in itself. The weakest part of our lineup was scheduled to hit, and the opposing coach put his ace pitcher in to seal the victory. To our surprise, with two outs, a batter walked, and the tying run was on first base. Our next hitter was Billy. The crowd cheered as if this were the final inning of the conference championship, and Billy waved jubilantly. I knew he would be unable to hit this pitcher, but what a day it had been for all of us. Strike one. Strike two. A fastball. Billy hit it down the middle over the right fielder’s head for a triple to tie the score. Billy was beside himself, and the crowd went wild. Ben, our next hitter, however, hadn’t hit the ball even once in batting practice or intrasquad games. I knew there was absolutely no way for the impossible dream to continue. Besides, our opponents had the top of their lineup if we went into overtime. It was a crazy situation and one that needed reckless strategy. I called a time-out, and everyone seemed confused when I walked to third base and whispered something to Billy. As expected, Ben swung on the first two pitches, not coming close to either. When the catcher threw the ball back to the pitcher Billy broke from third base sprinting as hard as he could. The pitcher didn’t see him break, and when he did he whirled around wildly and fired the ball home. Billy dove in head first, beat the throw, and scored the winning run. This was not the World Series, but don’t tell that to anyone present that day. Tears were shed as Billy, the hero, was lifted on the shoulders of all eight team members. If you go through town today, forty-two years later, you’ll likely see Billy at that same country store relating to an admiring group the story of the day he won the game that no one expected to win. Of all the spectacular events in my sports career, this memory is the highlight. It exemplified what sports can do for people, and Billy’s great day proved that to everyone who saw the game. J. M. Barrie, the playwright, may have said it best when he wrote, “God gave us memories so that we might have roses in December.” Billy gave all of us a rose garden. 经典英语文章阅读篇二 Big Red The first time we set eyes on "Big Red," father, mother and I were trudging through the freshly fallen snow on our way to Hubble's Hardware store on Main Street in Huntsville, Ontario. We planned to enter our name in the annual Christmas drawing for a chance to win a hamper filled with fancy tinned cookies, tea, fruit and candy. As we passed the Eaton's department store's window, we stopped as usual to gaze and do a bit of dreaming. The gaily decorated window display held the best toys ever. I took an instant hankering for a huge green wagon. It was big enough to haul three armloads of firewood, two buckets of swill or a whole summer's worth of pop bottles picked from along the highway. There were skates that would make Millar's Pond well worth shovelling and dolls much too pretty to play with. And they were all nestled snugly beneath the breathtakingly flounced skirt of Big Red. Mother's eyes were glued to the massive flare of red shimmering satin, dotted with twinkling sequin-centred black velvet stars. "My goodness," she managed to say in trancelike wonder. "Would you just look at that dress!" Then, totally out of character, mother twirled one spin of a waltz on the slippery sidewalk. Beneath the heavy, wooden-buttoned, grey wool coat she had worn every winter for as long as I could remember, mother lost her balance and tumbled. Father quickly caught her. Her cheeks redder than usual, mother swatted dad for laughing. "Oh, stop that!" she ordered, shooing his fluttering hands as he swept the snow from her coat. "What a silly dress to be perched up there in the window of Eaton's!" She shook her head in disgust. "Who on earth would want such a splashy dress?" As we continued down the street, mother turned back for one more look. "My goodness! You'd think they'd display something a person could use!" Christmas was nearing, and the red dress was soon forgotten. Mother, of all people, was not one to wish for, or spend money on, items that were not practical. "There are things we need more than this," she'd always say, or, "There are things we need more than that." Father, on the other hand, liked to indulge whenever the budget allowed. Of course, he'd get a scolding for his occasional splurging, but it was all done with the best intention. Like the time he brought home the electric range. In our old Muskoka farmhouse on Oxtongue Lake, Mother was still cooking year-round on a wood stove. In the summer, the kitchen would be so hot even the houseflies wouldn't come inside. Yet, there would be Mother – roasting - right along with the pork and turnips. One day, Dad surprised her with a fancy new electric range. She protested, of course, saying that the wood stove cooked just dandy, that the electric stove was too dear and that it would cost too much hydro to run it. All the while, however, she was polishing its already shiny chrome knobs. In spite of her objections, Dad and I knew that she cherished that new stove. There were many other modern things that old farm needed, like indoor plumbing and a clothes dryer, but Mom insisted that those things would have to wait until we could afford them. Mom was forever doing chores - washing laundry by hand, tending the pigs and working in our huge garden - so she always wore mended, cotton-print housedresses and an apron to protect the front. She did have one or two "special" dresses saved for church on Sundays. And with everything else she did, she still managed to make almost all of our clothes. They weren't fancy, but they did wear well. That Christmas I bought Dad a handful of fishing lures from the Five to a Dollar store, and wrapped them individually in matchboxes so he'd have plenty of gifts to open from me. Choosing something for Mother was much harder. When Dad and I asked, she thought carefully then hinted modestly for some tea towels, face cloths or a new dishpan. On our last trip to town before Christmas, we were driving up Main Street when Mother suddenly exclaimed in surprise: "Would you just look at that!" She pointed excitedly as Dad drove past Eaton's. "That big red dress is gone," she said in disbelief. "It's actually gone." "Well . . . I'll be!" Dad chuckled. "By golly, it is!" "Who'd be fool enough to buy such a frivolous dress?" Mother questioned, shaking her head. I quickly stole a glance at Dad. His blue eyes were twinkling as he nudged me with his elbow. Mother craned her neck for another glimpse out the rear window as we rode on up the street. "It's gone . . ." she whispered. I was almost certain that I detected a trace of yearning in her voice. I'll never forget that Christmas morning. I watched as Mother peeled the tissue paper off a large box that read "Eaton's Finest Enamel Dishpan" on its lid. "Oh Frank," she praised, "just what I wanted!" Dad was sitting in his rocker, a huge grin on his face. "Only a fool wouldn't give a priceless wife like mine exactly what she wants for Christmas," he laughed. "Go ahead, open it up and make sure there are no chips." Dad winked at me, confirming his secret, and my heart filled with more love for my father than I thought it could hold! Mother opened the box to find a big white enamel dishpan - overflowing with crimson satin that spilled out across her lap. With trembling hands she touched the elegant material of Big Red. "Oh my goodness!" she managed to utter, her eyes filled with tears. "Oh Frank . . ." Her face was as bright as the star that twinkled on our tree in the corner of the small room. "You shouldn't have . . ." came her faint attempt at scolding. "Oh now, never mind that!" Dad said. "Let's see if it fits," he laughed, helping her slip the marvellous dress over her shoulders. As the shimmering red satin fell around her, it gracefully hid the patched and faded floral housedress underneath. I watched, my mouth agape, captivated by a radiance in my parents I had never noticed before. As they waltzed around the room, Big Red swirled its magic deep into my heart. "You look beautiful," my dad whispered to my mom - and she surely did! 经典英语文章阅读篇三 你才是我的幸福 She was dancing. My crippled grandmother was dancing. I stood in the living room doorway absolutely stunned. I glanced at the kitchen table and sure enough-right under a small, framed drawing on the wall-was a freshly baked peach pie. I heard her sing when I opened the door but did not want to interrupt the beautiful song by yelling I had arrived, so I just tiptoed to the living room. I looked at how her still-lean body bent beautifully, her arms greeting the sunlight that was pouring through the window. And her legs... Those legs that had stiffly walked, aided with a cane, insensible shoes as long as I could remember. Now she was wearing beautiful dancing shoes and her legs obeyed her perfectly. No limping. No stiffness. Just beautiful, fluid motion. She was the pet of the dancing world. And then she’d had her accident and it was all over. I had read that in an old newspaper clipping. She turned around in a slow pirouette and saw me standing in the doorway. Her song ended, and her beautiful movements with it, so abruptly that it felt like being shaken awake from a beautiful dream. The sudden silence rang in my ears. Grandma looked so much like a kid caught with her hand in a cookie jar that I couldn’t help myself, and a slightly nervous laughter escaped. Grandma sighed and turned towards the kitchen. I followed her, not believing my eyes. She was walking with no difficulties in her beautiful shoes. We sat down by the table and cut ourselves big pieces of her delicious peach pie. "So...” I blurted, “How did your leg heal?" "To tell you the truth—my legs have been well all my life," she said. "But I don’t understand!" I said, "Your dancing career... I mean... You pretended all these years? "Very much so," Grandmother closed her eyes and savored the peach pie, "And for a very good reason." "What reason?" "Your grandfather." "You mean he told you not to dance?" "No, this was my choice. I am sure I would have lost him if I had continued dancing. I weighed fame and love against each other and love won." She thought for a while and then continued. “We were talking about engagement when your grandfather had to go to war. It was the most horrible day of my life when he left. I was so afraid of losing him, the only way I could stay sane was to dance. I put all my energy and time into practicing—and I became very good. Critics praised me, the public loved me, but all I could feel was the ache in my heart, not knowing whether the love of my life would ever return. Then I went home and read and re-read his letters until I fell asleep. He always ended his letters with ‘You are my Joy. I love you with my life’ and after that he wrote his name. And then one day a letter came. There were only three sentences: ‘I have lost my leg. I am no longer a whole man and now give you back your freedom. It is best you forget about me.’” "I made my decision there and then. I took my leave, and traveled away from the city. When I returned I had bought myself a cane and wrapped my leg tightly with bandages. I told everyone I had been in a car crash and that my leg would never completely heal again. My dancing days were over. No one suspected the story—I had learned to limp convincingly before I returned home. And I made sure the first person to hear of my accident was a reporter I knew well. Then I traveled to the hospital. They had pushed your grandfather outside in his wheelchair. There was a cane on the ground by his wheelchair. I took a deep breath, leaned on my cane and limped to him. " By now I had forgotten about the pie and listened to grandma, mesmerized. “What happened then?” I hurried her when she took her time eating some pie. "I told him he was not the only one who had lost a leg, even if mine was still attached to me. I showed him newspaper clippings of my accident. ‘So if you think I’m going to let you feel sorry for yourself for the rest of your life, think again. There is a whole life waiting for us out there! I don’t intend to be sorry for myself. But I have enough on my plate as it is, so you’d better snap out of it too. And I am not going to carry you-you are going to walk yourself.’" Grandma giggled, a surprisingly girlish sound coming from an old lady with white hair. "I limped a few steps toward him and showed him what I’d taken out of my pocket. ‘Now show me you are still a man,’ I said, ‘I won’t ask again.’ He bent to take his cane from the ground and struggled out of that wheelchair. I could see he had not done it before, because he almost fell on his face, having only one leg. But I was not going to help. And so he managed it on his own and walked to me and never sat in a wheelchair again in his life." "What did you show him?" I had to know. Grandma looked at me and grinned. "Two engagement rings, of course. I had bought them the day after he left for the war and I was not going to waste them on any other man." I looked at the drawing on the kitchen wall, sketched by my grandfather’s hand so many years before. The picture became distorted as tears filled my eyes. “You are my Joy. I love you with my life.” I murmured quietly. The young woman in the drawing sat on her park bench and with twinkling eyes smiled broadly at me, an engagement ring carefully drawn on her finger. 看了“经典英语文章阅读”的人还看了： 1. 经典美文阅读:生命在于完整 2. 英语经典美文阅读:品味现在 3. 经典美文佳作英汉阅读 4. 励志经典英语美文阅读 5. 一生必读的英文经典美文