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经济学人杂志翻译

发布时间:2024-07-04 17:20:02

经济学人杂志翻译

《经济学人》是一份由伦敦经济学人报纸有限公司出版的杂志,创办于1843年9月,创办人詹姆士·威尔逊。杂志的大多数文章写得机智,幽默,有力度,严肃又不失诙谐,并且注重于如何在最小的篇幅内告诉读者最多的信息。该杂志又以发明巨无霸指数闻名,是社会精英必不可少的读物。该杂志英文电子版可通过移动App、网站或者有声版阅读每周完整内容。

杂志主要关注政治和商业方面的新闻,但是每期也有一两篇针对科技和艺术的报导,以及一些书评。杂志中所有文章都不署名,而且往往带有鲜明的立场,但又处处用事实说话。主编们认为:写出了什么东西,比出自谁的手笔更重要。从2012年1月28日的那一期杂志开始《经济学人》杂志开辟了中国专栏,为有关中国的文章提供更多的版面。2018年12月,世界品牌实验室发布《2018世界品牌500强》榜单,经济学人排名第381。

不管考雅思、托福还是GMAT、GRE,亦或者考专八、MTI等,不仅需要大量做题,往往还需要大量的外刊阅读。

而且这部分考试的很多原题都是直接从外刊上摘取,就算不考虑这部分因素,外刊的阅读也有益于扩展你的英语知识库,熟悉英语阅读,积累更多的写作或口语素材。

英语外刊那么多,也并非全部都要看,贪多不烂,更何况质量也参差不齐,那么问题来了,哪些外刊最有用呢?小叮当来给你带来介绍。

一、国家地理 National Geographic

在大多数读者眼中,国家地理杂志意味着权威、科学性、准官方,它更像是一本百科全书而不仅仅是一本杂志。

这本杂志看上去感觉是介绍美国地理,其实经过一百多年的发展,其内容早已超出地理学的范围,涉及社会、历史、风土人情、摄影、文化、美食等内容。

在过去的一百多年里,它的视角立足全球,从极地到内陆,从海底到月球,从草原森林中残存的原始部落,到现代化都市中奔忙的人群。它不但记录了地理的概貌,而且记录了一百多年来世界政治、经济、历史和文化的变迁,记录了人类的梦想和追求。

之所以推荐NG,是因为该杂志图文并茂,趣味性爆表,并且词汇和句式相对简单,同时又具备很高的文学性,绝对能给你带来极大的阅读快感,让你在无形中提升英语。

二、经济学人 The Economist

《经济学人》是一份由伦敦经济学人报纸有限公司出版的杂志,创办于1843年9月,杂志主要关注政治和商业方面的新闻,但是每期也有一两篇针对科技和艺术的报导,以及一些书评。

而且《The Economist》杂志中所有文章都不署名,而且往往带有鲜明的立场,但又处处用事实说话,也正是基于此,通常能够深刻影响学生党的世界观和认知观,搭建英语语感的思维方式。

《The Economist》在语言方面的精巧使用和再创造堪称英语杂志最佳。它坐拥一系列牛津大学出身的总编辑,是学习英语写作的超级范本,其语言风格机智、严谨、有力度,用词也紧跟时代发展的潮流。

当然,对于中国来说,最重要的还是《The Economist》是所有英语考试的题源,包括高考英语、CATTI翻译证书、MTI考研、托福、雅思、专四专八、四六级、考研英语、GMAT、GRE等等。

三、科学 Science

该杂志于1880年由爱迪生投资1万美元创办,是发表最好的原始研究论文、以及综述和分析当前研究和科学政策的同行评议的期刊之一,也是全世界最权威的学术期刊之一。

有些人可能会担心《科学》杂志的内容过于晦涩难懂而难以阅读,这个大可以放心,虽然它的科学新闻报道、综述、分析、书评等部分,都是权威的科普资料,但该杂志也适合一般读者阅读,英语基础只要不错就可以尝试阅读。

如果说大部分杂志比较适合文科生的话,《科学》绝对是理工科学生的心头挚爱,特别是研究生和博士生,如果要发表SCI论文,《科学》更能提供最前沿的科学思维和写作方式。

四、纽约客 The New Yorker

创刊于1925的《纽约客》已经走过了90多年,历经纸媒、电子媒体和社交媒体的更迭,它不是完全的新闻杂志,然而它对美国和国际政治、社会重大事件的深度报道也是其特色之一。

首先,必须承认《纽约客》是本文青刊物,专栏囊括小说、诗歌评论、书评、影评、乐评等。同时,对于时事与国内、国际政治的深度报道显示了其追求极致的野心,高质量的报道常常让它受到普利策奖的垂青。

相比于《经济学人》与《科学》的精英学术,《纽约客》更适合年轻人一窥当代美式文艺与腔调。ACT、托福、雅思考试里常常会出现《纽约客》的文章。

五、时代周刊 TIME

《时代周刊》作为全世界发行量最大且最主要的新闻杂志,封面人物代表了举足轻重的新闻热度。能登上《时代周刊》封面的人物都是在全球政治、经济、文化等领域引起了风暴的人,而这其中重中之重,就是杂志每年的“年度人物”(Persons of the year)。

而且时代周刊的权威性不仅仅是靠封面那些大人物带动的,它见证了这个世界近一百年的风云变幻,文章相对客观,有深度,基本上看时代周刊就能较为准确的了解世界上近期发生的大事,经济,科技,人文方面的一些最新进展,而这些内容又往往紧扣时代的命题,也需要英语学习者一直不断阅读、学习。

六、读者文摘 Reader's Digest

说到《读者文摘》(Reader's Digest),大多数人第一时间会想到中国的《读者》,实际上这是完全不同的杂志。

Reader's Digest1922年创刊,是一本能引起大众广泛兴趣的内容丰富的家庭杂志。这份每月出刊的杂志文章风格简明易懂,内容丰富广阔,且多富含恒久的价值和趣味。

同时,它还致力于为各个年龄、各种文化背景的读者提供信息、开阔视野、陶冶身心、激励精神。

它所涉猎的主题有健康保健、大众科学、体育运动、美食烹饪、旅游休闲、金融与政治、家居与园艺、艺术与娱乐、商业与文化。其他固定的专栏还包括了笑话、谜语、测试、动画及读者来信。

七、名利场

Vanity Fair是美国老牌杂志,创刊于1913年,借用十九世纪英国名作家威廉·萨克雷(William Thackeray)成名作名利俱乐部命名,同样定位于上层社会的浮华世界。

名利场扮演着“从新星到巨星”的全球最华贵舞台提供者的角色,更让人佩服的是,它在国家杂志评奖中在最佳杂志、摄影、专栏、随笔和评论上均获提名。这种浮于华丽世界中却扎实经营杂志本体的内容建设的用心值得称颂。

内容涉及上层社会生活方式,品味,宴会话题,明星生活,艺术,体育,幽默等,还根据大众兴趣推出社会突发事件和热点问题。如果你是走在时尚潮流沿线的青年,适合志于进军时尚圈的你。

八、新科学家

《New Scientist》是一个自由的国际化科学杂志,内容关于最近的科技发展,网站开始于1996年,登载每天的关于科技界的新闻。杂志并非是一个经过同行评议的科学杂志,但被科学家和非科学家广为传阅,杂志还经常刊登一些评论,比如气候变化等环境问题。

在英国,《New Scientist》是每一个学校的Science系必须具备的杂志,里面介绍了许多高端的科学项目,比如BioPhysics的离子加速器,BioChemistry 的基因工程等。书中还宣传许多科技活动,比如专家公开演讲等。主要阅读者是在英国就读A level-science课程和大学Science的学生和导师。

多个考试阅读考题必备题源,该杂志会经常刊登一些环境问题,这类内容很有可能出现在自然科学类阅读题中。你做过的每本剑桥雅思真题,都有这本杂志的原文哦!

wc:thinku700 了解雅思课程

经济学人翻译论文

这篇文章有几个非常有意思的句子和表达,我贴出来,大家一起赏析一下: 佳句篇:   Sentence 1. He helped popularise the idea that some diseases not previously thought to have a bacterial cause were actually infections, which ruffled many scientific feathers when it was first suggested. 解析: Ruffle弄皱的意思 Ruffle one’s feathers惹怒(想想逆毛流撸猫) The idea that ...用的是同位语从句,不太多,常用搭配是the evidence that,the concept that 等。That后从句解释idea, concept或evidence等。 Which的指代问题。Which指代的不是上文任何一个出现的单词或词组,而是Dr. Cochran的这波操作。Sentence 2. Ashkenazim generally do well in IQ tests, scoring 12-15 points above the mean value of 100, and have contributed disproportionately to the intellectual and cultural life of the West, as the careers of Freud, Einstein and Mahler, pictured above, affirm. disproportionately不成比例地 主干and复合句+非谓语动词scoring+as引导的从句(插入后置定语) 每个部分都不难,集合到一起就对理解产生障碍了。Sentence 3. But in the Middle Ages, success in Christian society tended to be violently aristocratic (warfare and land), rather than peacefully meritocratic (banking and trade). 这个句子不难,为什么拿出来是因为这个violently的用法。简单来讲,这一个单词乍一看是作aristocratic的副词,实则在翻译(以及理解)当中,我们必须单独翻译成一个实意的成分,而且作副词处理。 Aristocratic贵族统治 Meritocratic德治Sentence 4. That small, reproductively isolated groups of people are susceptible to genetic disease is well known. 主语从句,注意 5. Most of the dozen or so disease genes that are common in them belong to one of two types: they are involved either in the storage in nerve cells of special fats called sphingolipids, which form part of the insulating outer sheaths that allow nerve cells to transmit electrical signals, or in DNA repair. 典型长句,如何解析? Most of the dozen or so  disease genes that are common in them  belong to one of two types: Or so大约 斜体作的是disease genes they are involved either in the storage in nerve cells of special fats called sphingolipids, which form part of the insulating outer sheaths that allow nerve cells to transmit electrical signals, or in DNA repair. either or后面是两个in... 第一个in后面的which form part of the insulating outer sheaths解释的是Sphingolipids that allow nerve cells to transmit electrical signals解释的是sheaths。 也就是说,(非限制性)定语从句后面紧接另一个定语从句。 第二个in后面很简单,但!!!文章最后一段有解释,对于 文章结构 至关重要。Sentence 6&7. Thus, the theory goes, the pressure  to keep the sickle-cell gene in the population because of its malaria-protective effects balances the pressure  to drive it out because of its anaemia-causing effects. It therefore persists without becoming ubiquitous. 两句话放一起。 主干已加黑。很有意思的句子,工整、对仗,而又解释非常清楚。 下一句,persist和ubiquitous用词极其精准,整句话像外科手术般,精准简练。作者还是怕读者一下子没读懂,用简单而又高效的句子总结下。写作手法很老练高超,字字玑珠,像极了宝马M3。Sentence 8. Genes that promote intelligence in an individual when present as a single copy create disease when present as a double copy. 乍一看没什么稀奇,再一看,把一个comparison分别放在了主语和谓语的修饰成分中,可谓老辣。 作何解? That promote intelligence对genes做了一个限定,指的是genes的其中一种特征,然后用when说明了适用情况。 Create谓语的主语也是genes,但这时候是没有限定的genes。Create disease做的是限定,其实对应的是promote intelligence。后面同样用一个when来说明范围。 简单来讲,genes的含义做了一个缩小和限定,又在create的时候恢复了genes的双重功能含义。 Promote intelligence和create diseases一个对应,尽管成分差别很大。 两个when的对比。 可谓神句。Sentence 9. An Israeli clinic devoted to treating people with Gaucher's has vastly more engineers, scientists, accountants and lawyers on its books than would be expected by chance. Than (what) would be expected by chance. 省略了what。。。你能理解吗? 还有这个books,这个同语境关联强烈。好的表达: 1. ruffle one’s feather 2. Tremble at the thought 3. Affirm作不及物动词(Ashkenazim generally do well in IQ tests, scoring 12-15 points above the mean value of 100, and have contributed disproportionately to the intellectual and cultural life of the West, as the careers of Freud, Einstein and Mahler, pictured above, affirm. ) 4. aristocratic . meritocratic 5. Exact a price类似用法 exert influence附原文及翻译: Natural genius? 天生我才? The high intelligence of Ashkenazi Jews may be a result of their persecuted past 德系犹太人的高智商或许是因为曾经遭受迫害的后果 THE idea that some ethnic groups may, on average, be more intelligent than others is one of those hypotheses that dare not speak its name. But Gregory Cochran, a noted scientific iconoclast, is prepared to say it anyway. He is that rare bird, a scientist who works independently of any institution. He helped popularise the idea that some diseases not previously thought to have a bacterial cause were actually infections, which ruffled many scientific feathers when it was first suggested. And more controversially still, he has suggested that homosexuality is caused by an infection. 某些少数民族的平均智商高于其他民族这一说法,是很多不敢公开的假设之一。不过著名的科学狂人Gregory Cochran 决意要做第一个吃螃蟹的人。他很特别,总是独立工作而不属于任何机构。某些曾被诊断并非病菌引起的疾病,其实病源来自传染病。这一观点因他的推动受到了关注。此观点一经提出,就受到了许多科学家的反对。这还不算,更具争议的是,他认为同性恋也是由传染病引起的。 Even he, however, might tremble at the thought of what he is about to do. Together with Jason Hardy and Henry Harpending, of the University of Utah, he is publishing, in a forthcoming edition of the Journal of Biosocial Science, a paper which not only suggests that one group of humanity is more intelligent than the others, but explains the process that has brought this about. The group in question are Ashkenazi Jews. The process is natural selection. 然而就算是Cochran,也为自己接下来要做的事捏了一把汗。他准备同Utah大学的Jason Hardy与Henry Harpending一同,在最新一期的《生物社会科学杂志》发表一篇论文,文中不仅提出了某一少数民族比其他民族更聪明这一观点,还解释了这一结果产生的过程。文中两大主角就是德系犹太人和自然选择。 History before science 不管是否科学,先来看看历史 Ashkenazim generally do well in IQ tests, scoring 12-15 points above the mean value of 100, and have contributed disproportionately to the intellectual and cultural life of the West, as the careers of Freud, Einstein and Mahler, pictured above, affirm. They also suffer more often than most people from a number of nasty genetic diseases, such as Tay-Sachs and breast cancer. These facts, however, have previously been thought unrelated. The former has been put down to social effects, such as a strong tradition of valuing education. The latter was seen as a consequence of genetic isolation. Even now, Ashkenazim tend to marry among themselves. In the past they did so almost exclusively. 德系犹太人不仅在IQ测试上表现不俗,正常人一般在100分左右,而他们大多都能得个112-115分,而且虽然人数不多,但他们在欧洲知识、文化生活中的地位却举足轻重。想想弗洛伊德、爱因斯坦、马勒,我们就会点头称是了。但同时,他们中患有如泰-萨克斯病、乳腺癌这类严重的遗传疾病的比率明显高于其他种族。这些事实,最初被人们认为是毫无联系的。前者被说成是社会原因引起的,如浓烈的价值观教育的传统;后者则被说成是基因隔离的结果,不过即使是现在,德系犹太人还是愿意同本族人结婚,在过去,就更是如此了。 Dr Cochran, however, suspects that the intelligence and the diseases are intimately linked. His argument is that the unusual history of the Ashkenazim has subjected them to unique evolutionary pressures that have resulted in this paradoxical state of affairs. 但Cochran博士对以上两点表示质疑,并认为德系犹太人的天赋异禀与痛病缠身联系密切。他认为正是异常的历史环境强加给了德系犹太人独有的进化压力,才导致了这些看似奇怪的现象。 Ashkenazi history begins with the Jewish rebellion against Roman rule in the first century AD. When this was crushed, Jewish refugees fled in all directions. The descendants of those who fled to Europe became known as Ashkenazim. 德系犹太人的历史源于公元1世纪。犹太人在反对罗马人的统治失败后,犹太难民四散而逃,逃亡欧洲的犹太后裔就是如今的德系犹太人。 In the Middle Ages, European Jews were subjected to legal discrimination, one effect of which was to drive them into money-related professions such as banking and tax farming which were often disdained by, or forbidden to, Christians. This, along with the low level of intermarriage with their gentile neighbours (which modern genetic analysis confirms was the case), is Dr Cochran's starting point. 在中世纪,欧洲的犹太人在法律上地位很不平等,结果之一就是他们不得不从事与金钱相关的职业,如被人看不起或不准基督徒涉足的银行或征税工作,此外,他们只能与邻居中社会地位较低的非犹太人通婚(这种状况通过现代基因学分析得到了证实)。上述就是Cochran 博士论文的起点。 He argues that the professions occupied by European Jews were all ones that put a premium on intelligence. Of course, it is hard to prove that this intelligence premium existed in the Middle Ages, but it is certainly true that it exists in the modern versions of those occupations. Several studies have shown that intelligence, as measured by IQ tests, is highly correlated with income in jobs such as banking. 他认为欧洲犹太人从事的职业都是些需要一定智商的职业,虽不能证明这些职业在中世纪时就是这样了,但在当代它们确实如此。一些研究表明,智力水平(按智力测试的标准来算)与工资水平(如那些从事银行工作的人)联系密切。 What can, however, be shown from the historical records is that European Jews at the top of their professions in the Middle Ages raised more children to adulthood than those at the bottom. Of course, that was true of successful gentiles as well. But in the Middle Ages, success in Christian society tended to be violently aristocratic (warfare and land), rather than peacefully meritocratic (banking and trade). 这些历史记录证明了,那些在欧洲工作地位较高的犹太家庭子女存活率要高于那些地位较低的犹太家庭。情况对于那些其他种族的也是一样的。但在中世纪,基督教社会中所谓的成功多是贵族通过战争与土地强争豪取,而非通过量才而用(如从事银行或贸易工作)和平地获得。 Put these two things together—a correlation of intelligence and success, and a correlation of success and fecundity—and you have circumstances that favour the spread of genes that enhance intelligence. The questions are, do such genes exist, and what are they if they do? Dr Cochran thinks they do exist, and that they are exactly the genes that cause the inherited diseases which afflict Ashkenazi society. 把智力与成功的关联以及成功与生殖力的关系合二为一,你就具备了有利于智商提高的基因传播的条件。问题是这种智商基因确实存在吗?假如它果真存在的话,那究竟是什么呢?科克伦博士认为它们的确存在,而且正是那种引起折磨德系犹太人遗传疾病的基因。 That small, reproductively isolated groups of people are susceptible to genetic disease is well known. Constant mating with even distant relatives reduces genetic diversity, and some disease genes will thus, randomly, become more common. But the very randomness of this process means there should be no discernible pattern about which disease genes increase in frequency. In the case of Ashkenazim, Dr Cochran argues, this is not the case. Most of the dozen or so disease genes that are common in them belong to one of two types: they are involved either in the storage in nerve cells of special fats called sphingolipids, which form part of the insulating outer sheaths that allow nerve cells to transmit electrical signals, or in DNA repair. The former genes cause neurological diseases, such as Tay- Sachs, Gaucher's and Niemann-Pick. The latter cause cancer. 众所周知,越是人口稀少并且生育范围狭小的种族就越易患遗传疾病。总是于同族人通婚,就算不是近亲,也会较少遗传的多样性,同时也会使某些致病基因没有规律地在该种族内部泛滥起来。而这种无规律性意味着人们不知道何类致病基因会被大量传播。但对德系犹太人来说,Cochran 医生指出,情况却并非如此。他们当中最常见的十几种疾病基因基本上可以归结于两类:一类参与神经细胞中鞘脂类特殊脂肪)的储存。鞘脂组成一部分绝缘外层鞘,允许神经细胞发射电子信号。另一类参与DNA 的修复。前者基因会引发神经性疾病,如泰萨二氏病、脑苷脂沉积病和神经鞘磷脂沉积病;而后者会导致癌症。 That does not look random. And what is even less random is that in several cases the genes for particular diseases come in different varieties, each the result of an independent original mutation. This really does suggest the mutated genes are being preserved by natural selection. But it does not answer the question of how evolution can favour genetic diseases. However, in certain circumstances, evolution can. 上述看起来并非毫无规律。而且更趋于规律的表现就是,在一些病例中,特殊疾病的致病基因来自于不同的变体,而每个变体都是独立的原基因变异的结果。这就印证了变异基因是自然选择保留下来的结果,可它却不能回答自然选择为什么会成了遗传疾病的帮凶,但在一些特殊的条件下,进化能够产生这样的结果。 West Africans, and people of West African descent, are susceptible to a disease called sickle-cell anaemia that is virtually unknown elsewhere. The anaemia develops in those whose red blood cells contain a particular type of haemoglobin, the protein that carries oxygen. But the disease occurs only in those who have two copies of the gene for the disease-causing haemoglobin (one copy from each parent). Those who have only one copy have no symptoms. They are, however, protected against malaria, one of the biggest killers in that part of the world. Thus, the theory goes, the pressure to keep the sickle-cell gene in the population because of its malaria-protective effects balances the pressure to drive it out because of its anaemia-causing effects. It therefore persists without becoming ubiquitous. 如西非人以及他们的后代易患一种叫做镰状细胞性贫血的疾病,这种病在西非之外几乎都没人听说过。贫血症发于那些红血球中含有一种特殊的血红蛋白,其蛋白质中含有氧气的人。但这种镰状细胞性贫血症只会发生在同时有两组这种致病的血红蛋白(父母都有这种血红蛋白)的人身上。而那些只有一组的人不但不会患这种贫血症,也不会患疟疾,该病被称为非洲的头号杀手。因此,我们可以这样说,抵御疟疾的特性使得镰状细胞在得以人体中存活下来,同时这种细胞导致贫血症的特性也会被人体排斥,只有在为保持这两种状态而产生的压力达到平衡时,才不会有任何一个特性占据上风。 Dr Cochran argues that something similar happened to the Ashkenazim. Genes that promote intelligence in an individual when present as a single copy create disease when present as a double copy. His thesis is not as strong as the sickle-cell/malaria theory, because he has not proved that any of his disease genes do actually affect intelligence. But the area of operation of some of them suggests that they might. Cochran博士认为,德系犹太人也面临着同样的情况,他们的某些基因如果以单组出现就可以提高智力,一旦以双组出现就会引起疾病。显然,该理论并不如他的镰状细胞/疟疾理论那样具有说服力,因为他尚未证明任何一种致病基因确实能够影响智力,但是某些基因的活动区域显示它们或许真能影响智力。 The sphingolipid-storage diseases, Tay-Sachs, Gaucher's and Niemann-Pick, all involve extra growth and branching of the protuberances that connect nerve cells together. Too much of this (as caused in those with double copies) is clearly pathological. But it may be that those with single copies experience a more limited, but still enhanced, protuberance growth. That would yield better linkage between brain cells, and might thus lead to increased intelligence. Indeed, in the case of Gaucher's disease, the only one of the three in which people routinely live to adulthood, there is evidence that those with full symptoms are more intelligent than the average. An Israeli clinic devoted to treating people with Gaucher's has vastly more engineers, scientists, accountants and lawyers on its books than would be expected by chance. 鞘脂储存类疾病,如泰萨二氏病、脑苷脂沉积病和神经鞘磷脂沉积病,都涉及到连接神经细胞的凸起的多余生长和分叉。显然,这种生长和分叉太多的话就会引起疾病。但是,也有可能,仅有单份致病基因的人会出现比较有限的、但仍然加强了的凸起生长。这将有助于加强脑细胞之间的连接,或许因此导致智力提高。实际上,在脑苷脂沉积病的例子中,在三分之一能够活到成年的患者中,确实有证据表明完全发病的人拥有高于平均值的智商。根据一家专门治疗脑苷脂沉积病的以色列诊所的医疗记录,患者中的工程师、科学家、会计和律师的比例多于常人。 Why a failure of the DNA-repair system should boost intelligence is unclear—and is, perhaps, the weakest part of the thesis, although evidence is emerging that one of the genes in question is involved in regulating the early growth of the brain. But the thesis also has a strong point: it makes a clear and testable prediction. This is that people with a single copy of the gene for Tay-Sachs, or that for Gaucher's, or that for Niemann-Pick should be more intelligent than average. Dr Cochran and his colleagues predict they will be so by about five IQ points. If that turns out to be the case, it will strengthen the idea that, albeit unwillingly, Ashkenazi Jews have been part of an accidental experiment in eugenics. It has brought them some advantages. But, like the deliberate eugenics experiments of the 20th century, it has also exacted a terrible price. 为什么基因修复系统失灵会提高智力,现在还不清楚原因何在。虽然,陆续有证据表明产生问题的基因之一参与了调节大脑的早期发育,但是这仍是该论题最薄弱的环节。不过,该理论也有令人信服的地方:它对于拥有单份泰萨二氏病或脑苷脂沉积病或神经鞘磷脂沉积病基因的人会比普通人更聪明做出了明确而可检验的预测。Cochran 博士和他的同事认为,这些人的智商因此会比平均水平高出5 个点。尽管有人不愿接受,假如确实如此的话,它将有力地证明,德系犹太人在不经意间经历了优生实验,而这为他们带来了智商上的优势。但是,如同发生在20 世纪的人为的优生实验一样,它同样让他们付出了可怕的代价。

The Chinese economy continually growth and the world economics growth asthenia as well as US dollar unceasing depreciation, specially American Government in the situation which the domestic unemployment rate and the international trade trade deficit rise unceasingly, American some people the American manufacturing industry worker will be unemployed with the China and America trade deficit reason sums up as the Renminbi exchange rate First, the Renminbi exchange rate is not the China and America trade deficit principal factor 1st, China and America balance of trade series analysis The China and America statistical figure difference so greatly mainly has two aspect reasons: (1)th, when American statistics China through Hong Kong partial transit trade repetition computation in China to US's exportation aspect. (2)th, American trade data collection process existence very many questions. 2nd, the China and America trade deficit is any reason creates (1)th, American Government to the high-tech product exportation control policy, is the Chinese and American trade not balanced important reason. (2)th, US the multinational corporation which invests in China is a balance of trade important China has the high trade surplus to US, but these trade surplus very major part comes from US in China's multinational corporation, demonstrated according to China's statistical data: In the Chinese import and export volume 56% is realizes by the overseas-funded enterprise, China is becoming US's multinational corporation to reduce the production cost, one of increase profit main channels. (3)th, US's trade statistics report has not collected the multinational corporation the American domestic investment income computation 3rd, tucks up the American foreign trade deficit the veil US's import comes from massively our country company in the production line which overseas sets up, in other words, American Multinational corporation from the overseas subsidiary company input cargo, the realistic trade many all is the company and the company, but non-country and country single card trade. English economist Julius on once to American trade revenue and expenditure statistics in, if adds on its overseas subsidiary company in the local repetition computation, that, in 1986 US's trade revenue and expenditure on became 57,000,000,000 US dollars earnings from 144,000,000,000 US dollars trade according to the American Department of commercial affairs statistics, in 1995 the American Multinational corporation subsidiary company sales volume surpassed 210,000,000 US dollars, in addition commodity service export amount 794,000,000,000 US dollars, nearly amounted to 3 ten thousand hundred million US dollars in the same year, but the foreign country exports and the foreign corporation to US in US's subsidiary company internal sales volume sum total is 2,400,000,000,000 US dollars, today US is not the world biggest trade deficit country, but was in the world one of minority several big trade surplus countries. US to the overseas export amount and the American Multinational corporation's in foreign market sale, both sum 2002nd year amounted to 3,000,000,000,000 US time, US's import amount and the foreign multinational corporation's in American market sale, both the sum is 2,400,000,000,000 US dollars, thus has created US to various countries trade gross profit 600,000,000,000 US dollars, this is analyzes when the American foreign trade deficit should comprehensively grasp the question the essence to be at. 4th, US trade deficit true reason (1) 20th century 70's, because two petroleum crises cause the world oil price two large rises, in addition comes from Japanese and the developing nation strong economical competitive power and the US dollar exchange rate strong trend of, these all caused the American commodity, the service trade deficit to achieve 152,000,000,000 US dollars peaks in 1987. (2) US worsens the low savings ratio, US must raise the construction fund from the international money market, namely allows temporary credit the fund to carry on the massive investment construction. (3) American Multinational corporation “the person on one's own side” who acts in the American import trade the role, namely the partial trade deficit in fact is “the commodity backflow”. China and US are a supplementary economy, maintains the existing exchange rate system is the win-win situation

读英文版《经济学人》,目的不外乎:学地道的英语写作、拓展全球视野。《日本人口保卫战》二者兼具,适合读者一文两吃。 本文精读由 现象级社群·第三小组成员 共同完成。标题副标题+1-3段来自自观问渠,4-5段来自陈玉梅,6-7段来自暗夜,8-9段来自哇~,10-12段来自立里。小伙伴的解析都各有风格,文本赏析最大程度的保留了小伙伴的个人特色。有任何问题,欢迎指正~ 网页版:三个形容词rising, daunting, bold的叠加使日本的困局呼之欲出。债务飞涨、人口问题严峻、改革畏手畏脚,潜台词:安倍苦啊。 电子版:重点是问句,先转折(but)再问够用否(enough?),潜台词:前景黯淡。 总结:引用莎翁的话,Brevity is the soul of wit. 标题需要简单明了,用词注重实用。 学表达:人口相关,demography(noun),demographic(adj.), population Demography(uncountable noun) is the study of changes in numbers of births, deaths, marriages, and cases of disease in a community over a period of time. 顺带讲照片,满脸沧桑的安倍眼神无力、欲说还休,脖子被画幅的边缘紧紧卡住,与“人口保卫战斗士”的标题对应,令人唏嘘。 段落大意: 日本首相安倍晋三称,日本出生率下降、人口老龄化加速,政府必须落实政策马上解决问题。政府改革推动就业、减低养老补贴,国会商议五年招收万外国劳工。 赏析:开篇明义,首段是背景介绍。四句话时态分别为:现在进行时、一般过去时、一般现在时、现在进行时。前三句是安倍的话花样出现,第四句是政府举措,本段要点:时态的变化与引用的花样。 段落分析: 第一句:下划线部分为句子主体结构,注意主语the decline and the ageing以整体看待,是单数。引用语在句首,主谓倒装值得注意(法语小伙伴们秒懂,法语里引用语也是倒装达人)。 词汇ageing也有另外的拼写aging,据维基百科 ,两者无区别,ageing更常用。 第二句:重点是间接引语和插入语的写法。 push for something: to request or demand something insistently. 当我们想说,秘书吵着要加薪的时候,就可以说:My secretary is pushing for a raise. 第三句:重点是高频词汇boost及老人的说法。 1. boost: to increase, raise. 之前提到的秘书要加薪,也可以说:My secretary wants to boost her salary. 注意boost与reduce一升一降的搭配使用,可以一起记忆(boost, increase, raise, reduce)。 2. 老人的说法本文中有两个:the elderly和older people,约定俗成,不容商榷。 3. 这句话对电子版副标题进行了paraphrase: reduce the cost of supporting the elderly = trim spending on the elderly,标题里的trim something,作动词,意为“削减”。 第四句:重点debate和admit两个动词的用法。 debate: to discuss (a motion), esp in a formal assembly. 常用discuss, deliberate, 加上debate, 凑个3D。 admit: to allow to enter, let in. 例句:Security personnel refused to admit him. 安检不让他进。 常见for instance放在句首,这里放在句尾,可以学以致用,提高写作的格调。 背景介绍: 日本国会(the Diet):Diet of Japan is the national bicameral legislature of Japan. It is made up of a the House of Representatives ( lower house ) and the House of Councillors ( upper house ). The members of both houses of the Diet are directly elected. The Diet selects the Prime Minister . 段落大意: 人口骤减触目惊心。每年的死亡人口超出生人口40万。预期寿命全球最高,65岁以上人口超过28%。百岁老人近七万,比20年前增了六倍。 赏析:罗列数字说人口,以海量数据彰显学术范。本段学习如何表达数字、积累人口相关词汇。 段落分析: 第一句:头韵d很地道。词汇demographic decline搭配population decrease记忆,显然前者更有范。 第二句:死亡人数和出生人数的表达,注意death和birth的复数用法。 第三句:对照中国的预期寿命(2018最新数据),为 live long and prosper而努力! 第四句: compare with: to consider the sameness or difference of sets of things or people. compare to : to liken people or things to other people or things. 记忆法:听歌“Nothing Compares to You”,学学如何打动爱人。 第五句:centenarian,百岁老人。 倍数的复合词表达seven-fold,也可写作sevenfold,即使与increase连用,译为中文还是长了六倍。关于倍数,《中国翻译》曾有论文专门阐述。 段落大意: 福利国家制度入不敷出(公债是GDP的倍),难以为继。劳动力人口缺口大,工作比找工作的人多,劳动力人口预计未来呈缩减态势。 赏析:承接上段人口老龄化,本段讲政府缺钱缺人,从抽象统计数字回到现实的困局。以第三句开头的And为分水岭,①②缺钱,③④缺人。重点:从句数上看,写作每段四五句是常态,不要长篇累牍。学习长短句搭配(本段①②③是短句④是长句),一句话讲一件事,主语变化但连词俭省。 段落分析: 第一句:词汇affordable(否定unaffordable):that you have the financial means for,与low-cost, low-priced, cheap, inexpensive接近。这个词是联合国的心头好(soft spot), 正式文件里的熟脸,常常译作“可负担”“经济适用”,例如affordable and clean energy, affordable housing。 背景介绍: welfare state: a social system based on the assumption by a political state of primary responsibility for the individual and social welfare of its citizens 第二句:短句的力量,可以背下来。替换Japan’s debt-to-GDP ratio is 250%. 背景介绍: public debt(also known as government debt, national debt): the total amount of money that the government of a country owes to companies, countries, etc. acute:of great importance or consequence; critical 例句:There is an acute shortage of funds. 严重缺钱 背景介绍: In its narrowest definition, a labour shortage is an economic condition in which there are insufficient qualified candidates (employees) to fill the market-place demands for employment at any price. Such a condition is sometimes referred to by Economists as "an insufficiency in the labour force ."注意:labour shortage有复数形式,建议记成labour shortages, 同义替换worker shortages。 第四句:动词shrink常与数字搭配使用,shrink: to become reduced in amount or value; dwindle 例句:His earnings shrank. 收入减少。同义替换:shrink, decline, reduce。复合词job-seeker也可以写作jobseeker,可以与homeseeker搭配记忆。 段落大意: 从第4段,文章开始阐述老龄化的解决问题。①一个显而易见的方案是移民。②句表达在日本外籍劳工显然很少,只有2%的劳动力是移民,这个数据远低于美国的17%。③But转折,日本政府给大多数外籍劳工冠上学生和实习生的名头,这句隐含的意思是事实上日本的外籍劳工的人数比统计的2%多,这也跟第5段第②句相呼应,他们之所以这么做是认为外来者不会是永久的移民,只是一些客籍工人。④国会的计划旨在吸引更多蓝领工作者从事建筑业、造船业、和护理老人等14个行业。⑤⑥句日本对移民设置了很苛刻的条件:首次签证不超过5年,不允许带着家人,还要精通日语。 从这一段可以看出日本对以移民去填补国内劳动力空缺这个方法很不感冒,那么他们想以什么样的方式去填补劳动力缺口呢? 段落分析: ①.proficiency in ... 精通某种语言 我的目标是精通英语可以表达为: My aim is to acquire proficiency in English. ②.But the government has been surreptitiously admitting more foreign workers, mostly in the guise of students and trainees. 这句话描述的很形象,指出了日本政府不愿意光明正大承认外籍工人,而是以学生和实习生来掩盖他们的身份。 surreptitious:A surreptitious   action is done secretly. 可以代替secretly in the guise of 假借,以...为幌子,以...的名义 联想国企:企业不能给员工光明正大的发放福利,而是以饭补和车补的名义发放,这个时候我们就可以说: State-owned enterprises have been surreptitiously admitting more staff-welfare, mostly in the guise of food and commute allowances. 段落大意: ①-③表达安倍对采用移民方式解决日本老龄化问题的态度。他在淡化移民政策的影响,费尽心思强调外来者不是永久移民,而是外籍工人,并指出外籍工人是最后一个可行的填补劳动力缺口的解决办法。④-⑧阐述安倍在任期为了提高已育女性工作人数比率所做的努力。在他6年任期内,超过200万妇女进入职场,使女性工作者任职的比率超过了美国。增加托儿所的数量并要求大公司记录他们为提拔女性工作者所做的努力。明年起,所有的托儿所都将免费。相较于2010年的38%,已有超过50%的已育女性重返职场。日本将会营造一个让女性更活跃、更进步、享有更多权利的社会。 段落分析: ① play something down definition: to try to make something seem less important or less likely than it really is  使....看起来不那么重要,贬低,对...轻描淡写 由于销售业绩不好,管理层一直在淡化降低员工薪水的可能性,这时候我们就可以说: Because of the depressed sales, the management has been playing down the possibility of salary decrease. ② be at pains to do sth  苦心经营,费力的做某事 近义词:take pains to do sth 她费尽心思的强调她是无辜的。She is at pains to stress that she is innocent. ③ portray sb/sth as sth: definition: to describe or show someone or something in a particular way, according to your opinion of them.把某人/某物描写成某种样子 近义词:depict 小说《再见,契普斯先生》是这样描绘契普斯先生的事业,体面的职业生涯,体面的结束。The fiction , Good bye, Mr. Chips,  portrays Chips'work as "a decent career, decently closed". ④ last/final resort: definition: what you will do if everything else fails (其他办法都失败后采用的)最后的办法 这部分钱只有在没有其他办法时,才会动用。This part of money will be used only in the last resort. ⑤ lift 看到这个单词倍感亲切,想到了在 "I Have a Dream" 中背到的那句: Now is the time to lift our nation from the quicksands of racial injustice to the solid rock of brotherhood. 段落大意: ①句表明安倍的态度,希望人们在退休后也持续工作;②句表达政府的措施;③句表达企业的措施;④句表达退休人员继续工作的现状;⑤句表达了安倍政府鼓励这个措施实行的方式;⑥句表达了从长远来看,在技术上的发展可以改善劳动力短缺的问题;⑦句表达了安倍在技术可以补充劳动力这件事上的信心。 段落分析: throughout:during the whole period of time of sth throughout one's life  毕生, 整个一生中;相对于使用 in one's life,使用 throughout 更有时间上的纵向延伸感。 as it is: in the actual state of affairs and often contrary to expectations,表达了非公众所希望的,公司已经开始实行延迟退休和返聘了。 take to doing:开始比较规律的做某事 draw: 提取,支取,领取(存款);领取(薪水等)。原句中 draw later 对应 currently entitled 当我们要表达,他就要领取养老金了,就可以这么说: He is moving ever closer to drawing his pension.  段落大意: ①句表达了延迟退休和返聘对政府财政的积极作用;②句表达了安倍政府对此作出的努力;③句表达了虽然政府在努力,但是不足以解决劳动力缺乏和老龄化的问题;④句是对③句的数据支持。 段落分析: since  conj.  因为,由于,既然。可以替换because; as; as long as 等表示原因的连词 tweak:  v./n. 稍稍改进,对。。。做微调 比如写文章的时候,最后需要修饰一下,就可以用tweak表示。 When you finish writing a paper, it's a good idea to go back through one last time, to tweak it and make sure it's absolutely perfect. catch up: the act of trying to reach the same level or standard as somebody who is ahead of you 用play catch-up,表达出政府一直在补救劳动力不足及人口老龄化的问题,连接了下文对安倍政策面对的一些困难的描述。 段落大意: 安倍将对社会保障制度进行彻底改革。 ①承接上一段,表明安倍准备对福利制度进行彻底的改革。②承接上一句,表明改革涉及的内容,③句继续补充,陈述安倍想达成的目的:让国民过上健康有意义的生活。 段落分析: : sweep做动词原意是扫地的意思,如果一个想法“扫过”了一个地方就是迅速流行起来,席卷,比如这两天因为D&G事件,爱国主义席卷了全国就可以表达为The wave of patriotism swept the country. sweeping做形容词,是范围广的,彻底的,影响深远的改革。和后文出现的overall social-security reform是同样的意思 同义词:broad, comprehensive, extensive, wide 2. footing的本意是站稳,比如他竭力在打滑的地面上站稳就可以表达为:He struggled to keep his footing on the slippery floor。引申义则为根基,基础,在…基础上;比如男性和女性应该在平等的基础上竞争工作岗位。Men and women should be able to compete on an equal footing. 文中出现的 put sth on a …footing 也是固定搭配, 例:He wanted to put their relationship on a permanent footing. 同义 basis,condition基于牢固的基础 段落大意: 安倍的改革行动需要再大胆一些。①句转折上一段,安倍的实际行动非常谨慎。②③举例,比如退休年龄虽然提高了,但和其他发达国家比还是小很多;如果超过65岁还正式上班或打零工工资超过一定金额,发放的养老金就会减少。④句承上启下,不知道这种情形今后是否会改变。⑤⑥继续举例,政府修改了,但并没有废除对已婚女性那点工资征收税;老人年龄越大他需要自己付的医药费越少,给政府的压力更大。⑦政府减少医疗保障支出的方法。 段落分析: 1. discourage,反义是encourage,这里是阻挠,不允许的意思。注意不能说 discourage sb to do sth,固定的配搭是discourage sb from doing sth 比如我爸是律师,他不让我进入该行业 ,就可以表达为:My father is a lawyer, and he discouraged me from entering the field. 2. lowly 注意这是个形容词,意思是卑微的,低级的,无足轻重的。比如他在饭店的第一份工作是一个小门童His first job in the hotel was as a lowly porter. 3. by the same token 可替换in a similar way 4. 这一段用了很多例子来说明安倍在实际行动上是cautious的。我们在举多个例子的时候可以使用Moreover,by the same token进行连接。 段落大意: ①句表明安倍的态度:上一段提到的一些措施并不是非常紧迫。②③句是对安倍观点的引用:他们并没有打算立马实施医疗健康服务的共同支付方案,但是供款和福利之间的平衡是需要再认真审视的。④句表示,坚持锻炼者需要得到鼓励。⑤句又是引用:他们正在想新的刺激机制,那些坚持运动抵抗疾病的人的供款可以如何安排。 段落分析: you hint at something,you suggest it in an indirect way. hint除了做名词表示”暗示”,”好主意”以外,还可以做动词表达”暗示,示意”,通常和介词at搭配: Criticism is hinted at, but never made explicit. 批评总是含沙射影,但从未明说。 最熟悉的用法是做名词,表示复习。在这里指的是审查,审核。 The White House quickly announced that the policy is under review.白宫很快宣布该项政策正在审核中。 和benefit。contribution这里指的不是贡献,付出,而是指的养老金制度里面的供款,比如养老金固定缴款计划就是”defined contribution plan”;benefit指的不是益处,好处,也是指的养老金制度里的福利和津贴。contribution意思弄懂,这段话的最后一句话才不会出现理解偏差:有的人坚持运动,同时也按时缴纳养老金,他们退休之后身体很好,不需要动用医疗补贴,所以对于他们支付的缴款,安倍提出,可以有一定的鼓励和奖赏机制。 段落大意: ①句里的this caution 指的是第九段提到过的“Abe is being cautious”,安倍的担心是有些多余的。②句解释在其他国家,提高退休年龄会引发争议,但是在日本就不一样了。③④句详细解释原因:17年的民意调查表明60岁及以上还在职场的民众里,42%都愿意继续工作;并且大多数日本国民都肯定安倍接收更多外籍工作人员的计划,尽管一些政客担心外来人员会带来犯罪和扰乱社会安定。 段落分析: 过分的,过多的。This caution is excessive. 段首句简单清晰,并且和前文的cautious有所呼应。 2. 第二句里可以提炼句型doing sth is not as controversial in xxx as elsewhere,一件事情在其他地方有争议,但是在xxx地方是行得通的,可以体现地方特色。 比如当我们想说在中国子女照顾赡养父母的义务可能要被写入法律这一举措,在其他国家可能会引起争议,但是在中国不会,就可以说: Enforcing the law that children are obliged to look after their parents economically and emotionally is not as controversial in China as elsewhere. 3. fret,不及物动词,担忧,和worry about,concern有一点不同的是,字典里表明fret通常是过分担忧,或者担忧没必要的事情。 可以和about,over一起使用: She is always fretting about/over her newly-born child. 她总是在担心自己刚出生的婴儿。 还可以说fret that: Men in their fifties always fret that they are no longer young. 人到中年,总是担心自己已经不够年轻。 口语中还有两个用fret表示不用担心的表达: Don’t fret. Fret not. 4. approve做“批准,通过”一项法案,决定的时候,是及物动词: MPs approved the Bill by a majority of 97. 议员们以97票的多数票通过了该议案。 做“赞同”的时候,是不及物动词,和of搭配: I don’t approve of cosmetic surgery. 我不赞成整形。 段落大意: 文章最后一段三句话:①句表明安倍的决心:想要日本成为其他老龄化国家的楷模,②句肯定安倍在解决日本老龄化问题上的成就,③句表明对现状的担忧:日本也有可能做的太少,做的太晚,不是成为一个楷模,而是要成为一个可以吸取失败教训的例子了。 段落分析: 1. 从这段话里可以学习paraphrase,同义词替换的表达,老龄化社会可以说aging society, 也可以说a smaller, older population,人口一方面在减少,另一方面老龄化人口增多,表达简单但是很准确。 2. 最后一句话可以学到这个表达:…is an example that has done too little, too late.。。。是做的太少,做的太晚的例子。 比如高考前一个月才认真开始复习,那就是做的太少,做的太晚: Start studying merely one month before the College Entrance Examination is an example of a student that has done too little, too late. 同样的话题“日本老龄化问题”出现在了Leader和Asia部分,Leader部分篇幅小,表达简洁。Asia部分篇幅长,描述详细,所以两篇可以一起看,学习如何来paraphrase,用不同的单词表达相同的意思。 比如Leader部分下面这句话,是对日本老龄化现状简洁的描述。用的是一连串的动词age,shrink,soar,go bust,empty,表达简洁生动: Leader部分爱用动词,比如表述日本的三个举措来提高劳动力数量,是这么写的: 安倍想让日本成为一个老龄化社会的治理模范,Leader和Asia部分分别是这么写的: 日本劳动力短缺,个职位对应一个求职者,Leader和Asia部分分别是这么写的: 日本国内有人担心外籍劳工给社会带来不稳定,Leader和Asia部分分别是这么写的: 一个是fret about,一个是fret that; 一个是bring crime and disturbing social harmony, 一个是make less safe and harmonious 完全是paraphrase的优秀典范~

经济学人翻译研究论文

翻译之路道阻且长,必经百般磨砺。每周精修一篇《经济学人》中译文,主要目的是琢磨语言,一方面学习英文表达,另一方面深入思考中文表达。尽量避免“翻译腔”,就算是没有白费功夫了。【这里是我的精修】Low-Earth-orbit satellites Round and round they go The launch of thousands of new satellites will boost the space economy 近地轨道卫星 转圈圈 【转呀转呀转呀转】 将有数千颗新卫星升空,推动太空经济发展 【数千颗新卫星即将升空,太空经济将迅猛发展】Space is becoming more crowded. On December 3rda Falcon 9 rocket made by SpaceX thundered into the sky. On board were 64 small satellites, more than any American company had launched before in one go. They have an array of uses, from space-based radar to the monitoring of radio-frequency emissions. One, designed by Trevor Paglen, an artist, will soon unfurl a 30-metre reflective structure that will shine down on Earth like an artificial star, visible to the naked eye. 太空正变得越来越拥挤。12月3日,SpaceX制造的一枚猎鹰九号火箭轰隆升空。它上面装载了64颗小型卫星,超过之前任何一家美国公司单次发射卫星的数量。从天基雷达到无线电发射监测,这些卫星的用途多种多样。其中一颗由艺术家Trevor Paglen设计,内嵌的30米场反射器不久将会打开,变成一颗肉眼可见的人造星星,在地球的上空闪光。 【太空越来越拥挤了。12月3日,SpaceX发射了一枚猎鹰9号火箭,这一次共有64颗小型卫星随之升空,创下了美国公司单次发射卫星数量的新纪录。这些卫星用途多样,从天基雷达到无线电监测等十分广泛。其中还包括一颗由艺术家特雷弗·裴格伦(Trevor Paglen)设计的艺术卫星,它将在太空中释放约30米长的反射器,变身为肉眼即可观赏到的人造卫星。】These objects are part of the latest breed of low-Earth-orbit (LEO) satellites, which are designed to whizz around the planet only a few hundred kilometers above its surface. This month’s launch is just a taste of what is planned. SpaceX and OneWeb, a communications firm, plan to launch satellites in their thousands, not hundreds (see briefing). The pair are set to double the total number of satellites in orbit by 2027. 这些都属于最新型的近地轨道卫星,在距地表仅几百公里的轨道上绕行。本月发射的只是计划中的以下部分。SpaceX和卫星通信公司OneWeb计划发射几千而不是几百颗卫星。两家公司的目标是让轨道卫星的综述到2027年增加一倍。 【此次发射的卫星都属于最新型近地轨道卫星(LEO),运行轨道距离地面不过几百公里。此次发射活动也只是更宏大计划的牛刀小试。SpaceX和通信公司OneWeb打算发射数以千计的卫星,几百个尚不足为道,到2027年,它们要把在轨卫星的数量增加一倍。】That promises to change things dramatically on Earth. LEO satellites can bring internet connectivity to places where it is still unavailable or unaffordable. This will also be an enduring source of new demand for the space economy. Morgan Stanley, a bank, projects that the space industry will grow from $350bn in 2016 to more than $ by 2040. New internet satellites will account for a half this increase. 这会给地球带来巨大改变。近地轨道卫星可以为目前还未接入互联网或者联网成本过高的地区提供网络连接。而这也将是太空经济新需求的持久源泉。摩根士丹利预测,航天业的规模将从2016年的3500亿美元增长至2040年的超过万亿美元。其中一半的增长将源自新兴互联网卫星。 【这将给人类社会带来巨大改变。有了近地轨道卫星,目前没有网络或者网络太贵的地区就能联网了。太空经济也将因此获得源源不断的新需求。摩根士丹利预测,到2040年,太空行业规模将从2016年的3,500亿美元增长到超过万亿美元,其中一半将来自互联网卫星。】For that to happen, however, three worries must be overcome. Debris is the most familiar concern. As long ago as 1978, Donald Kessler, a scientist at NASA, proposed a scenario in which, when enough satellites were packed into low-Earth orbits, any collision could cause a chain reaction which would eventually destroy all space craft in its orbital plane. The syndrome which bears Mr. Kessler’s name weighs heavily on the minds of executives at the new satellite firms. Debris could conceivably render entire tracts of space unusable for decades. (Collisions have already happened. In 2009 an American satellite and a Russian one crashed into each other above Siberia, sending over a tonne of metal fragments swirling around the planet at thousands of kilometers per hour.) 然而,要实现这一点必须解决三大忧患。其中最为人熟知的一个是空间碎片。早在1978年,美国国家航空航天局的科学家DO哪来的Kessler就提出,当足够多的卫星进入近地轨道时,任何碰撞都可能引起连锁反应,最终破坏所在轨道平面内的所有航天器。这一被命名为“凯斯勒综合症”的理论是压在新型卫星公司高管心头的一块大石。碎片可能导致整个太空轨道在几十年内都无法使用。(碰撞事件已有发生。2009年一颗美国卫星和一颗俄罗斯卫星在西伯利亚上空相撞,产生的一吨多金属碎片以每小时数千公里的速度在地球上空旋转。) 【然而,要实现这一愿景,尚需解决三大问题。太空垃圾首当其冲。1978年,美国国家航空航天局的科学家唐纳德·凯斯勒(Donald Kessler)就曾提出,当近地轨道卫星达到一定的密集程度,一旦发生碰撞,连锁反应将摧毁该轨道平面上的所有航天器。这种情景被命名为“凯斯勒综合症”,给新兴卫星公司高管的心头投下了一片阴影。一旦太空轨道上挤满了碎片,或许数十年都不能再发射航天器了。(太空碰撞已经不再是设想。2009年,一颗美国卫星和一颗俄罗斯卫星在西伯利亚上空相撞,留下了一吨多金属碎片以每小时数千公里的速度在地球上空飞速旋转。)】Solutions exist. One is to grab malfunctioning satellites and pull them down into Earth’s atmosphere. Another is to monitor space more intensively for debris; a US Air Force programme called Space Fence is due to start in 2019. But technology is only part of the answer. Rules are needed to govern the safe disposal of old satellites from low-Earth orbit. The United States’ Federal Communications Commission is revising its regulations with this in mind. Other countries should follow suit. 解决办法是有的。一个方案是“捉住”故障卫星,将其下拉至地球大气层中。另一个方案是更严密地检测太空中的碎片,美国空军一项名为“太空篱笆”(Space Fence)的相关计划将于2019年启动。但技术只是解决方案的一部分,还需要制定规则来管理近地轨道就卫星的安全处置问题。为此美国联邦通信委员会(FCC)正在修订相关规定。其他国家也应效仿。 【解决办法还是有的。首先,可以将发生故障的卫星抓住并拖入地球大气层中。其次,更严密地监控太空碎片;美国空军就将在2019年启动Space Fence(太空篱笆)计划。但是科技只是一个方面。要安全清除近地轨道上的旧卫星,还需要相关政策加持。美国联邦通信委员会(FCC)正在沿着这个思路修订相关规定。其他国家也应如此。】Cyber-security is a second, long-standing worry. Hackers could take control of a satellite and seal intellectual property, redirect data flows or cause a collision. The satellite industry has been slow to respond to such concerns. But as more of the world’s population comes to rely on the infrastructure of space for access to the internet, the need for action intensifies. 第二个担忧存在已久——网络安全。黑客可能劫持卫星,窃取知识产权,重新定向数据流,或者让卫星相撞。卫星行业对这类问题反应迟缓。但随着世界上越来越多人口依赖太空基础设施接入互联网,就此类风险采取行动变得愈加迫切。 【其次,网络安全隐患存在已久。黑客可能劫持卫星,窃取知识产权,重新定向数据流,甚至让卫星相撞。对于这些问题,卫星行业的反应一直很缓慢。但是,越来越多的人口需要依赖太空基础设施才能连接互联网,因此,采取行动已变得十分紧迫。】The third issue follows from the first two. If a simple mistake or a cyber-attack can cause a chain reaction which wipes out hundreds of billions of dollars of investment, who is liable? Underwriters are studying the plans of firms that wish to operate large numbers of satellites. But there is a long way to go before the risks are well understood, let alone priced. 第三个问题因前两者而生。如果一个简单错误或一次网络攻击就可能导致连锁反应,令数千亿美元的投资化为乌有,那么谁该为此负责?保险公司正在研究那些想要运营大量卫星的企业提出的计划。但要充分了解其中的风险尚需时日,更别说要为这些风险定价了。 【问题之三与前两者联系密切。如果一个小小的错误或者一次网络攻击就能引发连锁反应,足以让数百亿美元投资化为乌有,那么这笔账该找谁来算呢?保险公司正在帮助有意运营大量卫星的公司研究保险计划,但是充分了解其中风险尚需时日,要给风险定价岂不是难上加难。】As space becomes more commercialized, mind-bending prospects open up: packages shuttled across the planet in minutes by rocket rather than by plane, mining equipment sent to asteroids, a stream of paying passengers launched to orbit and beyond. All that and more may come, one day. But such activities would raise the same questions as LEO satellites do. They must be answered before the space economy can truly blossom. 随着太空空间变得更商业化,让人脑洞大开的前景渐现:通过火箭而不是飞机在几分钟之内横跨地球递送包裹;把采矿设备发射到小行星上;把付费乘客“发射”到地球轨道或更远的地方。某一天,这些乃至更多的想法也许都会一一实现。但这些活动会和近地轨道卫星引发同样的问题。必须首先回答这些问题,太空经济才能真正开花结果。 【太空的商业化程度越来越高,千奇百怪的想法也纷纷涌现:用火箭代替飞机送快递,几分钟就能穿越地球;把采矿设备发送到小行星上去;花钱买票就能去地球轨道甚至更远的地方。未来某天,或许再光怪陆离的想法也能成真。但是那时,人们还是要面对近地轨道卫星今天面对的问题。只有尽快找到解决办法,太空经济才能真正百花齐放。】

经济学人杂志2022

《经济学人》是一份由伦敦经济学人报纸有限公司出版的杂志,创办于1843年9月,创办人詹姆士·威尔逊。杂志的大多数文章写得机智,幽默,有力度,严肃又不失诙谐,并且注重于如何在最小的篇幅内告诉读者最多的信息。该杂志又以发明巨无霸指数闻名,是社会精英必不可少的读物。该杂志英文电子版可通过移动App、网站或者有声版阅读每周完整内容。

杂志主要关注政治和商业方面的新闻,但是每期也有一两篇针对科技和艺术的报导,以及一些书评。杂志中所有文章都不署名,而且往往带有鲜明的立场,但又处处用事实说话。主编们认为:写出了什么东西,比出自谁的手笔更重要。从2012年1月28日的那一期杂志开始《经济学人》杂志开辟了中国专栏,为有关中国的文章提供更多的版面。2018年12月,世界品牌实验室发布《2018世界品牌500强》榜单,经济学人排名第381。

经济学人杂志被禁了!]《经济学人》的审查:封杀2009年1月以来,《经济学人》已经被190多个发行国中的12个国家禁止或审查,而书报摊的发行(相对于订购)本尤为危险。印度(我们的列表中唯一的民主国家)已经审查了31期,乍看上去像是最糟糕的罪魁祸首。然而(应该考虑到)由于边界争端,它的审查制度包括有关克什米尔的地图上的“非法”标记。中国则更不近人情。经销商销毁发行本或移除包含有争议的政治内容的文章而台湾地图通常被封杀。在斯里兰卡,有涉及到该国报道的书报摊发行本及订阅本都可能在海关就已被没收。它们在几周之后才允许发表(有时早一些,如果该报道也被另一则新闻来源捅出来的话)。除此之外,马来西亚的信息部门封杀一些它认为可能冒犯穆斯林的报道。在利比亚,2009年八月末到九月初的连续四个版本被没收,首要原因是对卡扎菲(利比亚领导人)的评论。图像也能促发(封杀)行为。去年封面为亚当和夏娃的圣诞节专刊被5个国家审查。马来西亚官方遮掩了夏娃的胸部。巴基斯坦反对亚当的图像,认为其触犯了描绘了可兰经人物的禁忌。查看更多!

经济学人杂志app

经济学人app。

《经济学人》是由英国经济学人集团出版的杂志,创办于1843年9月,创办人詹姆士·威尔逊。 杂志的大多数文章写得机智、幽默、有力度、严肃又不失诙谐,并且注重于如何在最小的篇幅内告诉读者最多的信息,是全球阅读量最大的时政杂志之一。

《经济学人》杂志是一份国际性新闻和商业周刊,提供对全球政治、商业、金融、科学及技术的清晰报道、评论和分析。

《经济学人》不同于其它出版物,它的文章都是匿名发表。对《经济学人》来说,集体的声音和特性远比单个记者的个人身份更加重要。每周,《经济学人》都会被全球200多个国家超过400万的读者阅读,《经济学人》被认可为全球最具影响力的政治商业期刊之一。

杂志最早于1843年9月由詹姆士·威尔逊创办,创办的目的是“参与一场推动前进的智慧与阻碍我们进步的胆怯无知之间的较量”,这句话被印在每一期杂志的目录页上。《经济学人》一直致力于为读者提供全球视野,并被持续评为世界上最值得信赖的新闻来源。

《经济学人》还以发明巨无霸指数(Big Mac Index)而闻名,他们通过比较麦当劳在各国的快餐店销售巨无霸的价格来比较国与国之间的购买力平价。这个指数不仅有趣,而且被证明是十分准确的计算购买力评价的方法。

1、经济学人 官方APP

可以在App Store搜索 “The Economist” 或者 “经济学人商论”,都是可以下载到的。说一下区别哈,商论是从《经济学人》周刊的商业、金融和科技版精心挑选的内容,也就是精选过题材的内容。

2、微信APP—公众号

现在很多人都喜欢每天刷一刷微信公众号里的文章,所以用微信APP看经济学人也是非常不错的选择。这里也推荐三个平台:经济学人集团,经济学人商论,经济学人考研英语;

经济学人集团也就是 官方的公众号,经济学人商论是商业题材为主的内容。经济学人考研英语是考研题材相关的内容。大家可以各取所需。

目前还没有哪个app可以看,可以在网址上搜索:

此外:

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