学术论文推荐信英文编辑格式是什么

学术论文推荐信英文编辑格式是什么

科技论文……不用那么麻烦的啊 首先是课题的题目 然手是作者的姓名 作者的单位，地址邮编 再就是摘要 关键词3到5个 正文 参考文献 正文部分可以写个引言和结论，不写也没事 这些是最基本的

开头一般写Dear Sir or Madam，

Times New Roman 字体，5倍行距，首行缩进2字符，

英文推荐信撰写技巧在找推荐人的时候要记住一个基本准则：推荐人重要的选择标准是对申请者有充分的了解，而不仅仅是看推荐人本身的名气。推荐人最好了解申请者的优点且需熟悉申请者学习情况、学习目的是否明确、适应能力、创造能力、性格和特长等。工作上找了解申请者的直属上司、客户、主管等或曾经监督管理过申请者的人学校方面找院系老师 (千万不要找亲戚家属、名声响亮的名人、CEO等对自己不了解的人写推荐信)另外，在写推荐信时，要包含以下几个重点和方向：推荐人的全名与申请人的基本情况介绍交待推荐人与申请者的关系（如何认识、了解程度、关系)对申请者的基本评价（如：专业基础、个性、人品、特点、工作态度、发展潜力和实例）要注意学校看重学术潜能；公司则强调实务应变能力推荐人可以介绍申请人曾获得奖励、发表的论文、参加过的重要学术会议、其曾在学生组织或学术团体中的任职来支撑自己对申请人的正面评价推荐人必须清楚地表明被推荐人留学的身份是研究生还是访问学者，专业领域及研究方向必须表明推荐人的态度是极力推荐还是保留推荐将一些申请表上无法呈现的东西转由推荐信来呈现。例如人格特质，甚至如何克服挫折或压力量化表现：提供资料给推荐者时，尽量以「他的成绩排在全系的10%-15%」，或「他在哪些课程里表现很好，而这个课程需要良好的C++编程设计能力以及Matlab的某某应用」。换言之，让你的表现是具有参考指标的英文推荐信范文以下提供英文推荐信模板：To the Graduate Admissions Department at [University/Program]:(第一段说明推荐者的职位、与申请者之间的关系，以及对申请者的整体评价)It is my pleasure to recommend Jane Doe for admission to [Name of Program] at [University] I am an associate professor of [Subject] at [University] I came to know Jane while teaching her in [Course] The course comprised [short description of course] Jane distinguished herself by submitting an exceptionally well researched and interesting project on [project] She is one of the very best students that I have taught in the past five years in respect of her writing ability and research (第二段具体说明申请者的特质和技能，并提供具体事例证明申请者的能力)Overall， Jane is highly intelligent and has good problem-solving Her [project] demonstrated her ability to come a detailed understanding of [details about coursework] the lifestyles of pre-historic hominids， and to analyze the consequences of those practices on She gave a particularly interesting discussion of the difficult practice of tool-shaping and a profound engagement with the use and the implications of these Her overall intelligence is also reflected in her grades for the course， which were among the highest in the (第三段说明更多的特质、技能以及事例说明)Jane has excellent communication Her written work is both clear and concise， as well as interesting to She demonstrated her oral articulateness in the discussion sections that were an integral part of the Each discussion section focused on a particular aspect of Olduvian Gorge Students were required analyze unsolved questions and to develop and defend their own Jane was highly proficient in applying the course material in analyzing these “” She always explained her views very concisely and gave supporting arguments that were both clear and Jane also demonstrated good teamwork skills in group (第四段说明更多的特质、技能以及事例说明)At a personal level， Jane is a well-disciplined， industrious student with a pleasant Throughout the course， Jane demonstrated great perseverance and Not only was she interested in and motivated to learn the material， but she also put great work into assimilating it to her own experience and developing her own ideas about each topic that we (第五段说明为何推荐申请者，以及申请者为什么适合该专业或学校)Jane is unquestionably an exceptional candidate for graduate study in [Program applying for] Jane’s work in [Academic Course/Department] suggests that she would greatly benefit from the opportunities for intellectual development provided by a sustained period of graduate She has proven herself to have the perseverance， initiative， and intellectual creativity necessary to complete an advanced graduate I would therefore highly recommend Jane D If her performance in my class is a good indication of how she would perform as a graduate student， she would be an extremely positive asset to your (第六段：礼貌性地表示可以协助提供更多信息)If I can be of any further assistance， or provide you with any further information， please do not hesitate to contact Sincerely，[sender’s signature][sender’s Name and Title]很多申请者都需要自行撰写推荐信，然而自行撰写推荐信最容易出现的问题就是用词等英文表现不够正式formal，语气和PS，SOP过于相似。这时，大家则需要注意将推荐信交给专业的英语母语润色专家来进行润稿，协助将你的推荐信修改得更为专业，具有可读性和说服力。

学术论文推荐信英文编辑格式

英文推荐信撰写技巧在找推荐人的时候要记住一个基本准则：推荐人重要的选择标准是对申请者有充分的了解，而不仅仅是看推荐人本身的名气。推荐人最好了解申请者的优点且需熟悉申请者学习情况、学习目的是否明确、适应能力、创造能力、性格和特长等。工作上找了解申请者的直属上司、客户、主管等或曾经监督管理过申请者的人学校方面找院系老师 (千万不要找亲戚家属、名声响亮的名人、CEO等对自己不了解的人写推荐信)另外，在写推荐信时，要包含以下几个重点和方向：推荐人的全名与申请人的基本情况介绍交待推荐人与申请者的关系（如何认识、了解程度、关系)对申请者的基本评价（如：专业基础、个性、人品、特点、工作态度、发展潜力和实例）要注意学校看重学术潜能；公司则强调实务应变能力推荐人可以介绍申请人曾获得奖励、发表的论文、参加过的重要学术会议、其曾在学生组织或学术团体中的任职来支撑自己对申请人的正面评价推荐人必须清楚地表明被推荐人留学的身份是研究生还是访问学者，专业领域及研究方向必须表明推荐人的态度是极力推荐还是保留推荐将一些申请表上无法呈现的东西转由推荐信来呈现。例如人格特质，甚至如何克服挫折或压力量化表现：提供资料给推荐者时，尽量以「他的成绩排在全系的10%-15%」，或「他在哪些课程里表现很好，而这个课程需要良好的C++编程设计能力以及Matlab的某某应用」。换言之，让你的表现是具有参考指标的英文推荐信范文以下提供英文推荐信模板：To the Graduate Admissions Department at [University/Program]:(第一段说明推荐者的职位、与申请者之间的关系，以及对申请者的整体评价)It is my pleasure to recommend Jane Doe for admission to [Name of Program] at [University] I am an associate professor of [Subject] at [University] I came to know Jane while teaching her in [Course] The course comprised [short description of course] Jane distinguished herself by submitting an exceptionally well researched and interesting project on [project] She is one of the very best students that I have taught in the past five years in respect of her writing ability and research (第二段具体说明申请者的特质和技能，并提供具体事例证明申请者的能力)Overall， Jane is highly intelligent and has good problem-solving Her [project] demonstrated her ability to come a detailed understanding of [details about coursework] the lifestyles of pre-historic hominids， and to analyze the consequences of those practices on She gave a particularly interesting discussion of the difficult practice of tool-shaping and a profound engagement with the use and the implications of these Her overall intelligence is also reflected in her grades for the course， which were among the highest in the (第三段说明更多的特质、技能以及事例说明)Jane has excellent communication Her written work is both clear and concise， as well as interesting to She demonstrated her oral articulateness in the discussion sections that were an integral part of the Each discussion section focused on a particular aspect of Olduvian Gorge Students were required analyze unsolved questions and to develop and defend their own Jane was highly proficient in applying the course material in analyzing these “” She always explained her views very concisely and gave supporting arguments that were both clear and Jane also demonstrated good teamwork skills in group (第四段说明更多的特质、技能以及事例说明)At a personal level， Jane is a well-disciplined， industrious student with a pleasant Throughout the course， Jane demonstrated great perseverance and Not only was she interested in and motivated to learn the material， but she also put great work into assimilating it to her own experience and developing her own ideas about each topic that we (第五段说明为何推荐申请者，以及申请者为什么适合该专业或学校)Jane is unquestionably an exceptional candidate for graduate study in [Program applying for] Jane’s work in [Academic Course/Department] suggests that she would greatly benefit from the opportunities for intellectual development provided by a sustained period of graduate She has proven herself to have the perseverance， initiative， and intellectual creativity necessary to complete an advanced graduate I would therefore highly recommend Jane D If her performance in my class is a good indication of how she would perform as a graduate student， she would be an extremely positive asset to your (第六段：礼貌性地表示可以协助提供更多信息)If I can be of any further assistance， or provide you with any further information， please do not hesitate to contact Sincerely，[sender’s signature][sender’s Name and Title]很多申请者都需要自行撰写推荐信，然而自行撰写推荐信最容易出现的问题就是用词等英文表现不够正式formal，语气和PS，SOP过于相似。这时，大家则需要注意将推荐信交给专业的英语母语润色专家来进行润稿，协助将你的推荐信修改得更为专业，具有可读性和说服力。

标题一般是Times New Roman小三，正文是Times New Roman小四

一、标题　　一篇较长的英语论文(如英语毕业论文)一般都需要标题页，其书写格式如下:第一行标题与打印纸顶端的距离约为打印纸全长的三分之一，与下行(通常为by，居中)的距离则为5cm，第三、第四行分别为作者姓名及日期(均居中)。　　如果该篇英语论文是学生针对某门课程而写，则在作者姓名与日期之间还需分别打上教师学衔及其姓名(如:D/PCPrager)及本门课程的编号或名称(如:English 734或British Novel)。打印时，如无特殊要求，每一行均需double space，即隔行打印，行距约为6cm(论文其他部分行距同此)。　　二、提纲　　英语论文提纲页包括论题句及提纲本身，其规范格式如下:先在第一行(与打印纸顶端的距离仍为5cm左右)的始端打上 Thesis 一词及冒号，空一格后再打论题句，回行时左边须与论题句的第一个字母上下对齐。　　主要纲目以大写罗马数字标出，次要纲目则依次用大写英文字母、阿拉伯数字和小写英文字母标出。各数字或字母后均为一句点，空出一格后再打该项内容的第一个字母；处于同一等级的纲目，其上下行左边必须对齐。　　需要注意的是，同等重要的纲目必须是两个以上，即:有Ⅰ应有Ⅱ，有A应有B，以此类推。如果英文论文提纲较长，需两页纸，则第二页须在右上角用小写罗马数字标出页码，即ii(第一页无需标页码)。　　三、摘要　　1、英文摘要是应用符合英文语法的文字语言，提供论文内容梗概为目的的短文。（内容基本与中文摘要相同，但不用完全逐句对应）。　　2、英文题目、摘要、关键词自成一页（1页即可），放在中文摘要页之后。　　3、英文字体与行间距： 统一使用“西文字体”中的“Times New Roman”，5倍行间距。　　4、英文题目： 使用三号字加粗。　　5、英文摘要： “Absract”顶格，使用四号字，并加粗。　　英文摘要具体内容使用四号字。　　6、英文关键词： “Key Words”顶格，使用四号字并加粗。　　四、正文　　有标题页和提纲页的英语论文，其正文第一页的规范格式为:论文标题居中，其位置距打印纸顶端约5cm，距正文第一行约5cm。段首字母须缩进五格，即从第六格打起。　　正文第一页不必标页码(但应计算其页数)，自第二页起，必须在每页的右上角(即空出第一行，在其后部)打上论文作者的姓，空一格后再用阿拉伯数字标出页码；阿拉伯数字(或其最后一位)应为该行的最后一个空格。　　在打印正文时尚需注意标点符号的打印格式，即:句末号(句号、问号及感叹号)后应空两格，其他标点符号后则空一格。　　五、文中引述　　正确引用作品原文或专家、学者的论述是写好英语论文的重要环节；既要注意引述与论文的有机统一，即其逻辑性，又要注意引述格式 （即英语论文参考文献）的规范性。　　引述别人的观点，可以直接引用，也可以间接引用。无论采用何种方式，论文作者必须注明所引文字的作者和出处。美国学术界通行的做法是在引文后以圆括弧形式注明引文作者及出处。　　六、文献目录　　论文作者在正文之后必须提供论文中全部引文的详细出版情况，即文献目录页。美国高校一般称此页为 Works Cited， 其格式须注意下列几点:　　目录页应与正文分开，另页打印，置于正文之后。　　目录页应视为英语论文的一页，按论文页码的顺序在其右上角标明论文作者的姓和页码；如果条目较多，不止一页，则第一页不必标出作者姓和页码(但必须计算页数)，其余各页仍按顺序标明作者姓和页码。　　标题Works Cited与打印纸顶端的距离约为5cm，与第一条目中第一行的距离仍为6cm；各条目之间及各行之间的距离亦为6cm，不必留出更多空白。　　各条目内容顺序分别为作者姓、名、作品名、出版社名称、出版地、出版年份及起止页码等；各条目应严格按各作者姓的首字母顺序排列，但不要给各条目编码，也不必将书条与杂志、期刊等条目分列。各条目第一行需顶格打印，回行时均需缩进五格，以将该条目与其他条目区分开来。　　英语论文摘要又称文摘，是论文的重要组成部分，它是以提供文献内容梗概为目的，不加评论和补充解释，简明、确切地记述文献重要内容的短文。摘要应具有独立性和自明性，并拥有与文献同等量的主要信息，即不需阅读全文，就可获得重要的信息。　　摘要通常置于文题之后，文章之首。在论文发表后，论文摘要常被文献检索系统所收集。英语论文摘要一般为200-300单词，并有与英文摘要表达观点一致的中文摘要与之对应。（内容来源：学术堂）

Times New Roman 字体，5倍行距，首行缩进2字符，

学术论文推荐信英文编辑要求是什么

论文格式主要分成 3 个主要部分，即前置部分、主体部分和附录部分。论文前置部分包括：论文题目、作者、论文摘要、关键词;主体部分主要包括：引言、材料和方法、结论、参考文献;附录主要包括：图、表和照片。笔杆网上有个在线写作功能，还是很不错的。

开头一般写Dear Sir or Madam，

青蛤，贝类动物，贝壳中型，韧带外在，位于后方。

英文推荐信撰写技巧在找推荐人的时候要记住一个基本准则：推荐人重要的选择标准是对申请者有充分的了解，而不仅仅是看推荐人本身的名气。推荐人最好了解申请者的优点且需熟悉申请者学习情况、学习目的是否明确、适应能力、创造能力、性格和特长等。工作上找了解申请者的直属上司、客户、主管等或曾经监督管理过申请者的人学校方面找院系老师 (千万不要找亲戚家属、名声响亮的名人、CEO等对自己不了解的人写推荐信)另外，在写推荐信时，要包含以下几个重点和方向：推荐人的全名与申请人的基本情况介绍交待推荐人与申请者的关系（如何认识、了解程度、关系)对申请者的基本评价（如：专业基础、个性、人品、特点、工作态度、发展潜力和实例）要注意学校看重学术潜能；公司则强调实务应变能力推荐人可以介绍申请人曾获得奖励、发表的论文、参加过的重要学术会议、其曾在学生组织或学术团体中的任职来支撑自己对申请人的正面评价推荐人必须清楚地表明被推荐人留学的身份是研究生还是访问学者，专业领域及研究方向必须表明推荐人的态度是极力推荐还是保留推荐将一些申请表上无法呈现的东西转由推荐信来呈现。例如人格特质，甚至如何克服挫折或压力量化表现：提供资料给推荐者时，尽量以「他的成绩排在全系的10%-15%」，或「他在哪些课程里表现很好，而这个课程需要良好的C++编程设计能力以及Matlab的某某应用」。换言之，让你的表现是具有参考指标的英文推荐信范文以下提供英文推荐信模板：To the Graduate Admissions Department at [University/Program]:(第一段说明推荐者的职位、与申请者之间的关系，以及对申请者的整体评价)It is my pleasure to recommend Jane Doe for admission to [Name of Program] at [University] I am an associate professor of [Subject] at [University] I came to know Jane while teaching her in [Course] The course comprised [short description of course] Jane distinguished herself by submitting an exceptionally well researched and interesting project on [project] She is one of the very best students that I have taught in the past five years in respect of her writing ability and research (第二段具体说明申请者的特质和技能，并提供具体事例证明申请者的能力)Overall， Jane is highly intelligent and has good problem-solving Her [project] demonstrated her ability to come a detailed understanding of [details about coursework] the lifestyles of pre-historic hominids， and to analyze the consequences of those practices on She gave a particularly interesting discussion of the difficult practice of tool-shaping and a profound engagement with the use and the implications of these Her overall intelligence is also reflected in her grades for the course， which were among the highest in the (第三段说明更多的特质、技能以及事例说明)Jane has excellent communication Her written work is both clear and concise， as well as interesting to She demonstrated her oral articulateness in the discussion sections that were an integral part of the Each discussion section focused on a particular aspect of Olduvian Gorge Students were required analyze unsolved questions and to develop and defend their own Jane was highly proficient in applying the course material in analyzing these “” She always explained her views very concisely and gave supporting arguments that were both clear and Jane also demonstrated good teamwork skills in group (第四段说明更多的特质、技能以及事例说明)At a personal level， Jane is a well-disciplined， industrious student with a pleasant Throughout the course， Jane demonstrated great perseverance and Not only was she interested in and motivated to learn the material， but she also put great work into assimilating it to her own experience and developing her own ideas about each topic that we (第五段说明为何推荐申请者，以及申请者为什么适合该专业或学校)Jane is unquestionably an exceptional candidate for graduate study in [Program applying for] Jane’s work in [Academic Course/Department] suggests that she would greatly benefit from the opportunities for intellectual development provided by a sustained period of graduate She has proven herself to have the perseverance， initiative， and intellectual creativity necessary to complete an advanced graduate I would therefore highly recommend Jane D If her performance in my class is a good indication of how she would perform as a graduate student， she would be an extremely positive asset to your (第六段：礼貌性地表示可以协助提供更多信息)If I can be of any further assistance， or provide you with any further information， please do not hesitate to contact Sincerely，[sender’s signature][sender’s Name and Title]很多申请者都需要自行撰写推荐信，然而自行撰写推荐信最容易出现的问题就是用词等英文表现不够正式formal，语气和PS，SOP过于相似。这时，大家则需要注意将推荐信交给专业的英语母语润色专家来进行润稿，协助将你的推荐信修改得更为专业，具有可读性和说服力。

学术论文推荐信英文编辑格式怎么写

关于英文推荐信范文模版篇1　　dear colleagues：　　as a teacher in department of biology， nankai university， a leading university in china， i am very pleased to take this opportunity to recommend one of my favorite students to your phd 　　in september， 2004， miss zhang was my students in general biology， the first professional course they take in the she likes it very i teach her in an open and interactive manner， she is active and passionate about answering class miss zhang is bright， energetic and enthusiastic girl who loves speaking out her own she never escapes from those points of which she is apart from that， she often puts forward her ideas upon questions and exchanges all of her innovate ideas with me after 　　upon ending of general biology course， i asked my students to write an essay upon their understanding of i discovered miss zhang’s essay was so impressive and persuasive; her careful essay comes from dozens of references to biology in essay miss zhang stretched out her creative thinking upon status quo of biological research and branches in the field of all of this speaks to her creative and logical and scientific thinking i am gladly to say that miss zhang has a clear understanding about general biology， that comprehension has been reflected fully in her therefore miss zhang got a full point for her essay in her class， and other students took it as model essay for 　　i believe miss zhang’s industriousness， passion and dedication will make her an ideal candidate you are seeking for your program， so i highly recommend her without any hesitation to and i will greatly appreciate it if you could accept her into your 　　sincerely yours，　　 ×××

Times New Roman 字体，5倍行距，首行缩进2字符，

如果写英文的话，可以这样收信人和地址可以写在左上。日期和签名在左下全文结束的时候要是写中文的话，就完全按照中文的格式就行了，翻译的时候也照原样翻译。没必要讲究这么多。毕竟是中国大学开出来的推荐信，为什么一定要迎合国外大学所使用的格式呢。只要是中文正规的格式就行了。

关于英文推荐信范文模版推荐信是一种应用写作文体，在日常生活中有广泛的运用空间。推荐信是一个人为推荐另一个人去应聘或申请学位而写的信件。小编精心收集了关于英文推荐信范文模版，供大家欣赏学习!　　关于英文推荐信范文模版篇　　dear colleagues：　　as a teacher in department of biology， nankai university， a leading university in china， i am very pleased to take this opportunity to recommend one of my favorite students to your phd 　　in september， 2004， miss zhang was my students in general biology， the first professional course they take in the she likes it very i teach her in an open and interactive manner， she is active and passionate about answering class miss zhang is bright， energetic and enthusiastic girl who loves speaking out her own she never escapes from those points of which she is apart from that， she often puts forward her ideas upon questions and exchanges all of her innovate ideas with me after 　　upon ending of general biology course， i asked my students to write an essay upon their understanding of i discovered miss zhang’s essay was so impressive and persuasive; her careful essay comes from dozens of references to biology in essay miss zhang stretched out her creative thinking upon status quo of biological research and branches in the field of all of this speaks to her creative and logical and scientific thinking i am gladly to say that miss zhang has a clear understanding about general biology， that comprehension has been reflected fully in her therefore miss zhang got a full point for her essay in her class， and other students took it as model essay for 　　i believe miss zhang’s industriousness， passion and dedication will make her an ideal candidate you are seeking for your program， so i highly recommend her without any hesitation to and i will greatly appreciate it if you could accept her into your 　　sincerely yours，　　 ×××

学术论文推荐信英文编辑格式要求

一、英文论文的标题一篇较长的英文论文(如英文毕业论文)一般都需要标题页，其书写格式如下:第一行标题与打印纸顶端的距离约为打印纸全长的三分之一，与下行(通常为by，居中)的距离则为5cm，第三、第四行分别为作者姓名及日期(均居中)。如果该篇英文论文是学生针对某门课程而写，则在作者姓名与日期之间还需分别打上教师学衔及其姓名(如:D/PCPrager)及本门课程的编号或名称(如:English 734或British Novel)。打印时，如无特殊要求，每一行均需double space，即隔行打印，行距约为6cm(论文其他部分行距同此)。就学生而言，如果英文论文篇幅较短，亦可不做标题页(及提纲页)，而将标题页的内容打在正文第一页的左上方。第一行为作者姓名，与打印纸顶端距离约为5cm，以下各行依次为教师学衔和姓、课程编号(或名称)及日期；各行左边上下对齐，并留出5cm左右的页边空白(下同)。接下来便是论文标题及正文(日期与标题之间及标题与正文第一行之间只需隔行打印，不必留出更多空白)。二、英文论文提纲英文论文提纲页包括论题句及提纲本身，其规范格式如下:先在第一行(与打印纸顶端的距离仍为5cm左右)的始端打上 Thesis 一词及冒号，空一格后再打论题句，回行时左边须与论题句的第一个字母上下对齐。主要纲目以大写罗马数字标出，次要纲目则依次用大写英文字母、阿拉伯数字和小写英文字母标出。各数字或字母后均为一句点，空出一格后再打该项内容的第一个字母；处于同一等级的纲目，其上下行左边必须对齐。需要注意的是，同等重要的纲目必须是两个以上，即:有Ⅰ应有Ⅱ，有A应有B，以此类推。如果英文论文提纲较长，需两页纸，则第二页须在右上角用小写罗马数字标出页码，即ii(第一页无需标页码)。三、英文论文正文有标题页和提纲页的英文论文，其正文第一页的规范格式为:论文标题居中，其位置距打印纸顶端约5cm，距正文第一行约5cm。段首字母须缩进五格，即从第六格打起。正文第一页不必标页码(但应计算其页数)，自第二页起，必须在每页的右上角(即空出第一行，在其后部)打上论文作者的姓，空一格后再用阿拉伯数字标出页码；阿拉伯数字(或其最后一位)应为该行的最后一个空格。在打印正文时尚需注意标点符号的打印格式，即:句末号(句号、问号及感叹号)后应空两格，其他标点符号后则空一格。四、英文论文的文中引述正确引用作品原文或专家、学者的论述是写好英文论文的重要环节；既要注意引述与论文的有机统一，即其逻辑性，又要注意引述格式 （即英文论文参考文献）的规范性。引述别人的观点，可以直接引用，也可以间接引用。无论采用何种方式，论文作者必须注明所引文字的作者和出处。目前美国学术界通行的做法是在引文后以圆括弧形式注明引文作者及出处。现针对文中引述的不同情况，将部分规范格式分述如下。若引文不足三行，则可将引文有机地融合在论文中。如:The divorce of Arnold's personal desire from his inheritance results in “the familiar picture of Victorian man alone in an alien universe”(Roper9)这里，圆括弧中的Roper为引文作者的姓(不必注出全名)；阿拉伯数字为引文出处的页码(不要写成9)；作者姓与页码之间需空一格，但不需任何标点符号；句号应置于第二个圆括弧后。被引述的文字如果超过三行，则应将引文与论文文字分开，如下例所示:Whitman has proved himself an eminent democratic representative and precursor， and his “Democratic Vistas” is an admirable and characteristic And if one is sorry that in it Whitman is unable to conceive the extreme crises of society， one is certain that no society would be tolerable whoses citizens could not find refreshment in its buoyant democratic (Chase 165)这里的格式有两点要加以注意。一是引文各行距英文论文的左边第一个字母十个空格，即应从第十一格打起；二是引文不需加引号，末尾的句号应标在最后一个词后。如需在引文中插注，对某些词语加以解释，则要使用方括号(不可用圆括弧)。如:DBeaman points out that“he [Charles Darw in] has been an important factor in the debate between evolutionary theory and biblical creationism”(9)值得注意的是，本例中引文作者的姓已出现在引导句中，故圆括弧中只需注明引文出处的页码即可。如果拟引用的文字中有与论文无关的词语需要删除，则需用省略号。如果省略号出现在引文中则用三个点，如出现在引文末，则用四个点，最后一点表示句号，置于第二个圆括弧后(一般说来，应避免在引文开头使用省略号)；点与字母之间，或点与点之间都需空一格。如:Mary Shelley hated tyranny and“looked upon the poor as pathetic victims of the social system and upon the rich and with undisguised scorn and (Nitchie 43)若引文出自一部多卷书，除注明作者姓和页码外，还需注明卷号。如:Professor Chen Jia's A History of English Literature aimed to give Chinese readers“a historical survey of English literature from its earliest beginnings down to the 20thcentury”(Chen，1:i)圆括弧里的1为卷号，小写罗马数字i为页码，说明引文出自第1卷序言(引言、序言、导言等多使用小写的罗马数字标明页码)。此外，书名 A History of English Literature 下划了线；规范的格式是:书名，包括以成书形式出版的作品名(如《失乐园》)均需划线，或用斜体字；其他作品，如诗歌、散文、短篇小说等的标题则以双引号标出，如“To Autumn”及前面出现的“Democratic Vistas”等。如果英文论文中引用了同一作者的两篇或两篇以上的作品，除注明引文作者及页码外，还要注明作品名。如:Bacon condemned Platoas“an obstacle to science”(Farrington， Philosophy 35)Farrington points out that Aristotle's father Nicomachus， a physician， probably trained his son in medicine(Aristotle 15)这两个例子分别引用了Farrington的两部著作，故在各自的圆括弧中分别注出所引用的书名，以免混淆。两部作品名均为缩写形式(如书名太长，在圆括弧中加以注明时均需使用缩写形式)，其全名分别为 Founder of Scientific Philosophy 及The Philosophy of Francis Baconand Aristotle。评析诗歌常需引用原诗句，其引用格式如下例所示。When Beowulf dives upwards through the water and reaches the surface， “The surging waves， great tracts of water， / were all ”(1620-21)这里，被引用的诗句以斜线号隔开，斜线号与前后字母及标点符号间均需空一格；圆括弧中小写的1是line的缩写；21不必写成1621。如果引用的诗句超过三行，仍需将引用的诗句与论文文字分开(参见第四项第2点内容)。五、英文论文的文献目录论文作者在正文之后必须提供论文中全部引文的详细出版情况，即文献目录页。美国高校一般称此页为 Works Cited，其格式须注意下列几点:目录页应与正文分开，另页打印，置于正文之后。目录页应视为英文论文的一页，按论文页码的顺序在其右上角标明论文作者的姓和页码；如果条目较多，不止一页，则第一页不必标出作者姓和页码(但必须计算页数)，其余各页仍按顺序标明作者姓和页码。标题Works Cited与打印纸顶端的距离约为5cm，与第一条目中第一行的距离仍为6cm；各条目之间及各行之间的距离亦为6cm，不必留出更多空白。各条目内容顺序分别为作者姓、名、作品名、出版社名称、出版地、出版年份及起止页码等；各条目应严格按各作者姓的首字母顺序排列，但不要给各条目编码，也不必将书条与杂志、期刊等条目分列。各条目第一行需顶格打印，回行时均需缩进五格，以将该条目与其他条目区分开来。现将部分较为特殊的条目分列如下，并略加说明，供读者参考。Two or More Books by the Same Author Brooks， C Fundamentals of Good Writing: A Handbook of Modern R NewYork: Harcourt， ---The Hidden God: Studies in Hemingway， Faulkner， Yeats， Eliot， and W New Haven: Yale UP，引用同一作者的多部著作，只需在第一条目中注明该作者姓名，余下各条目则以三条连字符及一句点代替该作者姓名；各条目须按书名的第一个词(冠词除外)的字母顺序排列。An Author with an Editor Shake speare， W The Tragedy of M E Louis B W New York: Washington Square， 本条目将作者 Shakespeare 的姓名排在前面，而将编者姓名(不颠倒)放在后面，表明引文出自 The Tragedy of Macbeth；如果引文出自编者写的序言、导言等，则需将编者姓名置前，如:Blackmur， Richard PI The Art of the Novel: Critical P By Henry J New York: Scribner's， vii-如果引言与著作为同一人所写，则其格式如下例所示(By后只需注明作者姓即可):Emery， D P English F By E London: Macmillan， v- A Multivolume WorkBrowne， T The Works of Sir Thomas B E Geoffrey K 4 London: Faber， Browne， T The Works of Sir Thomas B E Geoffrey K V London: Faber， 4 第一条目表明该著作共4卷，而论文作者使用了各卷内容；第二条目则表明论文作者只使用了第2卷中的内容。A Selection from an Anthology Abram， M H“English Romanticism: The Spirit of the A” Romanticism R E Northrop F New York: Columbia UP，63-被引用的英文论文名须用引号标出，并注意将英文论文名后的句点置于引号内。条目末尾必须注明该文在选集中的起止页码。Articles in Journals， Magazines， and Newspapers Otto， Mary L“Child Abuse: Group Treatment for P” Personnel and Guidance Journal 62(1984): 336-报刊杂志名需划线，但其后不需任何标点符号。62为卷号或期号，如既有卷号，又有期号，则要将二者以句号分开。如:(3)；1984为出版年份，应置于圆括弧中。Arnold， M“Willa Cather's Nostalgia: A Study in A”Research Studies M1981:23-24，月刊或双月刊须同时注明出版年月；23-24，28表示该文的前一部分刊于第23和24两页，后一部分则转至第28页。Gorney， C“When the Gorilla S”Washington Post 31 July，1985:B引用日报上的英文论文必须同时注明报纸出版的年、月、日。B1为该文在报纸中的版面及页码。

A Contrastive Study between English and Chinese Idioms（题目：二号，黑体，加粗，居中，除了英语小词外，其他单词首字母都要大写；另外：除了题目外，论文中所有英文的字体均采用“Times New Roman”）外国语学院 2001级英语教育1030120011XX XXX 指导老师：XXX（学院、专业、学号、作者姓名、指导教师姓名（小四号宋体字，加粗），依次排印在论文题目下，上空二行，居中）【Abstract】 This paper centers on the different expressions of ……（英文摘要：上空二行；题目采用五号“Times New Roman”字体，加粗，置于粗体方括号【】内，顶格放置；随后的内容与前面的粗体方括号【】之间空一格，不用其他任何标点符号；采用五号“Times New Roman”字体，不加粗；单倍行距。）【Key Words】 idiom; comparison; English; Chinese （英文关键词：题目采用五号“Times New Roman”字体，加粗，两个单词的首字母要大写，置于粗体方括号【】内，顶格放置；随后的内容与前面的粗体方括号【】之间空一格，不用任何其他标点符号，采用五号“Times New Roman”字体，不加粗，除了专有名词外，其他单词的首字母不大写，各单词之间用分号“；”隔开，分号之后空一格；最后一个关键词之后不用任何标点符号；单倍行距。） Introduction (顶格，除了第一个单词及专有名词外，其他单词首字母都不要大写；标题最后不用任何标点符号，上空两行) In both English and Chinese， … So， this essay is trying to focus on the differences between Chinese and English idoms in terms of their essential meaning， customary usage and typical expression (Chang Liang， 1993:44; Li Guangling， 1999) (段落第一行缩进4个英文字符；夹注的标注法：出现在夹注中的作者必须与文后的参考文献形成一一对应关系；注意一个或多个作者间的标点符号，时间、页码等的标注法；另外，汉语参考文献的作者要以拼音形式出现，不能出现汉语姓氏；夹注出现在标点符号之前) The similarities between English idioms and Chinese idioms In English， … And it can be clearly seen in the below examples: (1) I don’t know。我不知道。 (2) I am not a 我不是诗人。 (正文中的例子以（1），（2）…为序号排列，直至最后一个例子；而①， ②…则为脚注或尾注的上标序号)… The differences between English idioms and Chinese 1 The characteristics of English idioms（正文章节序号编制：章的编号： ，， ，…；节的编号：1，2…，1，2…；小节的编号为：1， 2…。小节以下层次，采用希腊数字加括号为序，如（i），（ii）…；之后再采用字母加括号，如(a)， (b)，…;每章题目左顶格，小四号字，加粗；每节（及小节以下）题目左顶格，小四号字，不加粗但要斜体；所有章节的题目都单独一行，最后不加任何标点符号） … In conclusion， …2 The characteristics of Chinese idioms … Feng (1998) found some problems as shown in the following examples (注意此句中夹注的另一种写法): (9) We never know the worth of water till the well is (10) People take no thought of the value of time until they lose …1 The analysis of the differences between English and Chinese idioms …(i) … …(ii) … … Conclusion …Bibliography (References) （小四号，加粗，后面不加任何标点符号）Sanved， The Oxford book of American literary anecdotes[C] New York: OUP，

你好！EssayMIN为您解答！为了满足不同学科的特定需求，Reference样式也因此发展的五花八门不同学科使用的4个不同Reference Format。下面EssayMIN为您介绍一些常见的类型:现代语言协会(MLA):MLA风格被广泛应用于人文，因为此风格适用于文学和人的档案资料美国心理协会(APA):APA风格广泛用于社会科学，因为格式符合定量研究和分析芝加哥风格(CMS):Chicago风格主要由两种风格组成注释和书目:人文中应用广泛，因为它适用于各种引用源作者和日期:Chicago风格适合学术文章和书籍，主要用在科学类文章中科学的样式和格式(CSE):CSE风格适用于生命科学，物理科学和数学科学  Reference Format相似之处:MLA，APA，CMS它们都是文本引用和参考列表结合的形式APA和CMS都要求注明引用源刊登的日期所有引文风格都需要有引用内容的数目列表，根据所使用的风格的指南，这可以称为”作品引”，”参考”或”参考书目”Reference Format不同之处:CMS风格的注释和参考文献版本和其它风格不是很相似，因为它用了脚注，而不是在文章中引用科学的风格在每一段引用末尾都标记数字，按它们在文中出现的顺序编号引用列表不按字母顺序排列，而是遵循在文中出现的顺序排列为什么我们不能只用一个Reference Format?作者都是出于不同目的给不同的人看，所以Refenence风格也要随之改变继续使用不同引文风格的主要原因有两个就是学科差异和传统不同学科的研究人员引用不同类型的资源，给不同的人看，所以标准不同也是正常的例如，大多数研究者在社会科学中更频繁引用学术性的文章，而人文学科的研究人员需要举出各种引用源的类型，像个人信件或首版作品渐渐的可能为了规范学科内的引文格式，美国心理协会创建了风格指南组织，搜集了各类常在各自领域中使用的作品最早的这些风格指南已经用了几十年了，并且也通过了鸽子学科组织的审核这意味着传统风格经过那么多年的研究和改进人们都已经适应了不愿意采用新的风格了他们也同样认为新风格不一定能很好的满足他们的需求感谢阅读，希望对您有所帮助！

正式的英文学术文章格式设置如下：1、字体为 Times New Roma，大小为12 font（也就是小四）；2、行距 为5 或 2倍 行距，段与段之间需要空一行；3、对齐方式为左对齐 或者 两侧对齐（总之，左起必须顶格）；4、Reference（参考文献）必须另起一页，且不计入文章字数