食品安全与健康论文1500字开头英文翻译

A，视频安全的英语作文带翻译300字是哪一方面的？如果是食品方面的法就好说

In the weekend， my friends and I decided to go to the park and have a picnic， to celebrate the end of We walked there since it wasn't very far and just as we were going to unpack the food， it started to So in the end we all decided to go to my house， and had our picnic food Then we watched some Japanese animes， though it was rather boring as we've seen it all a dozen But there was really nothing else to At 5 o' clock， my friends went home with their That weekend was the worst one in my Last weekend， I was about to go outside to play when I saw my mother is busy with housework She looked so tired， and I felt Therefore I made a determination to share housework with I was about to wash the clothes when my friend called me up and asked me to play with I told her that I would go on the condition that completing my Then I go on washing Only then did I realized it was such a tiring thing to wash clothes， and how tired my mother While my mother not only worked outside but also took the responsibility of our housework inside， however，she has never complainted about After washing I felt tired though ，my mother praised me ，and said that I was a good I felt

As the saying goes， food is the most important thing for Food safety is very important for Nowadays， there are more and more food safety Many people use bad substitutes for low-cost It scares We are all very worried about buying bad things， and businesses ignore our food safety for their own 翻译:俗话说的好，民以食为天，食品的安全对于人们来说是很重要的。现在的食品安全问题越来越多。很多人为了低价生产而用不好的代替品。这令我们感到很害怕。我们都很担心买到不好的东西，商家为了自己的利益而不顾我们的食品安全。

Samantha， like many renters， is tired of One reason is that her annual rent goes up like Every year her landlord raises the rent five Another reason is her “New neighbors always seem to be more inconsiderate than the ones who moved out，” she “My first neighbor was a door-slammer; I always knew when he came home or left After he moved out， a saxophonist moved A saxophonist! He practiced two hours a On Saturday his friends would come over and I’d get to listen to a whole I called the police， but they said saxophone playing is permitted in apartments for up to four hours a day， ecause sxophone plying isjob- They told me I was lucky that the guy was only playin

食品安全与健康论文1500字开头英文

常有朋友问，“现在吃什么好？”。是啊，吃什么好呢？猪肉中注水，蔬菜中残留农药，制造火腿喷洒敌敌畏，生产泡菜使用工业盐，喂奶粉吃出大头娃娃，喝黄酒丢了性命。一种种假冒伪劣食品不断被揭露，被曝光；一起起触目惊心的制假售劣案件被查处，被打击；一条条鲜活的生命被残害，被扼杀，一颗颗善良的心灵被愚弄、被震撼。广大群众不禁要问：“究竟，我们还能吃什么？”同样的问题，在阜阳奶粉事件调查期间，中央电视台记者曾经问过国家食品药品监督管理局局长曾筱萸，曾局长回答说：“我也是一名消费者，从这个意义上说，我对我吃的东西也不是很放心。”作为主管全国食品安全综合监管职能的最高行政长官对自己吃的东西不放心，这多少有点讽刺味道，难怪网民评论：“连局长都不放心，我们老百姓怎么办？”这从一个侧面反映出我国食品安全的问题已到亟需下大决心，用大措施，凭铁手段，到彻底解决的时候了。 “民以食为天，食以安为先”，人类生长、经济腾飞、社会进步、时刻离不开食品，离不开安全、卫生、营养的食品。“怎么会这样？我们应该怎么办？”广大群众不断在问“我们要吃安全的食品”广大群众不断在要求，群众的呼声，催动我们去思考，去行动。 “食品企业、良心事业”，食品生产经营企业是合格、优质食品的生产者，是功臣，也是劣质有害食品制造者，又可能成为罪人，因此说，食品生产经营者是食品安全的第一责任人，决定食品质量的关键因素既不是技术，也不是管理和设备，关键在人关键在于食品生产经营业主和从业人员的职业操守和道德水准。死猪肉生产肉制品，使用工业石腊制造火锅底料，使用氢氧化钠泡发水发产品，难道他们不知道这些东西有害吗？非也，让我们听听生产蛋白质含量仅为2%奶粉的生产企业主在听到长期喂食奶粉导致大头娃娃死亡时是怎么说的，“啊呀，这种奶粉是不能一直吃的，反正我们从来不吃，我们都到超市买几十元一听的进口奶粉吃”。“哀莫大于心死”，这些人是何等的冷漠，何等的麻木不仁，何等的丧尽天良，这些人怎么能生产出合格的食品，怎么能做出负责任的事。在投次主体逐渐多样，生产方式日益灵活，食品贸易不断繁荣，价值观念呈现多元化的大背景下，在深化和完善社会主义市场经济体制的同时，通过教育扶持、打击、监管等多种手段，倡导营造诚信、公平、负责任的食品安全生产氛围，显得尤为重要。 “没有规矩，不成方圆”，食品质量的根本好转，有赖于政府部门的有效监管，虽然，很多部门在食品监督方面做了大量的艰苦的工作，但与广大群众的要求仍有很大差距。目前，从田头到餐桌，食品安全监管的法律分别见于《食品卫生法》、《产品质量法》等很多部法律法规，监管职能分属于农业、环保、林牧渔业、卫生、技监、经贸、工商、海关、检验检疫等很多部门，造成既有监督越位和监督重复，又有监管缺位和监管空白，形成“九龙管水，不如大禹一人治水”的尴尬局面。在政府加大协调监管力度，各部门各司其职、各负其责、密切配合、齐抓共管、严格监管的同时，亟待出台更加权威，更加统一，更加严格的类似《食品安全法》等法律法规，调整、整合现有的部门职责，组建职责明确、责权统一、监管严明高效的食品安全监管队伍，提高整治效果。 “吃自己的饭，流自己的汗，自己的事情自己干”，广大群众是食品的最终消费者，是优质食品的受益者，也是劣质食品的受害者。人人都是消费者，个个不是局外人，从这个意义上说，维护身体健康也要靠我们自己。君不见，窈窕女子，在满是塑料袋，剩饭菜的垃圾上吃烧烤；三五大汉，裸背街头，狂吃大排档；西装革履轿车下来，背街小巷，寻吃牛肉汤猪头肉等特色美味。此时他们都全然不顾肮脏的环境、脏污的碗筷，反复使用过的洗碗水、裸放的，长时期间存放的菜肴，和摊主滴到锅里的汗，闲时抠脚丫的手，消费者已成为不法经营者的利益共同体和同盟，还谈何食品安全，何谈自我保护。我们要摒弃贪便宜、图方便、随大流等不合理的消费习惯，培养进名店、购名品、看日期、查包装的科学消费习惯；要留意识别优劣食品的知识，不断提高鉴别水平和自我保护能力；还要放弃老好人思想，增强维权意识，积极为有关部门提供线索，并主动协助监管部门的工作。形成人人远离不洁食品，个个打击伪劣食品的良好食品消费环境。 “以人为本，安全第一”，为了母亲的微笑，为了孩子的笑声，为了更加阳光灿烂的明天，让我们携起手来，让食品企业、政府部门、消费者共同努力，打造安全、卫生、有质量的生活。

A，视频安全的英语作文带翻译300字是哪一方面的？如果是食品方面的法就好说

From this incident，we can see that there are still more things to be Firstly，the government needs everything possible to ensure the quality of products，particularly the safety of food as this concerns everyone's Secondly，as for the producers，it is very important for them to be morally They should never try to pursue profit or economic growth at the expense of health and life of Thirdly，we consumers must attach importance to the things we eat and develop an awareness of how to protect our legal rights if Only in this way will we be able to build a more secure and harmonious

食品安全与健康论文1500字开头英文标题

食品安全与健康论文1500字开头英文怎么说

Annex 3: Agricultural Policy and Food Security in China中国农业政策与食品安全--------------------------------------------------------------------------------IntroductionFood security and the performance of the agricultural sectorAgricultural development strategy， policies and food securityChina's food economy prospectsIssues and challengesConcluding RemarksReferences--------------------------------------------------------------------------------IntroductionChina's effort to produce enough to feed its growing population has long been It feeds over one-fifth of the world's population with only one-fifteenth of the world's arable In recent history， China has either exported food or imported relatively China was a net exporter of food， even of grain， in the Although China became a net importer of grain in the 1960s， the share of net imports to total domestic consumption was Net import shares reached approximately three percent in the early reform period (1978-84)， then declined to approximately one percent in the following period (1985-90) China has since become a net grain exporter， except in 1995 when it had a record level grain imports of nearly 20 million Net exports between 1992 and 1994 were over 5 million tons While China's grain imports may grow slightly in the coming decades， the nation has developed a strong position as a net exporter of food (both grain and non grain) in value terms by exporting high value-added foodstuff including livestock products and other processed foods during the reform Net food exports grew to 3 billion US dollars in 1985 and peaked at 3 billion dollars in 1993， from a state of balanced trade (in value terms) in 1980 (China Customs Statistics)China's future food security， however， is a subject of growing First， although China's food production has grown over the last several decades， year-to-year fluctuations of food supply and prices are Market stabilization and food price inflation have been among the major targets of government policy since the late The Chinese government considers maintaining a comparatively high level of food self-sufficiency， avoiding supply shocks， and stabilizing consumer prices， a matter of national security and stability:Only when the Chinese people are free from food availability and stability of food supply worries can they concentrate on and support the current reform， thus ensuring a sustained， rapid and healthy development of the economy (The State Council， 1996)To this end， the government recently adopted measures to stabilize domestic food supply and stabilize the market - these measures include administrative and economic intervention in food distribution and marketing systems， national and local food reserve schemes， price regulations， international trade， factor markets， and rural infrastructure Secondly， food security and access to food are mainly poverty Although national economic growth is strong， it is uneven across Farmer's incomes in the central and eastern regions of China continue to grow more rapidly than those in the west and Income inequality among regions， between rural and urban areas， and within regions continues to grow (MOA， 1997) In the early 1980s， tremendous progress was made in addressing China's poverty problem， mainly due to the government's rural reform However， this progress has slowed down over the past ten Finally， China's food supply availability could be a major food security issue in the coming decades if policies were not formulated in the right Worldwide， food production growth rates have outpaced population growth in recent decades， implying increased food availability per Furthermore， the decline of real food and feed grain prices internationally over the same period implies that supply increases have exceeded increased However， the situation differs from country to China faces the great challenge of feeding its growing population with declining land， water， and other food production resources， and increasing opportunity cost of labor and domestic food production Food supply availability in China is important not only because it concerns a large proportion of the world's population and consumption， but also because rapid industrialization has led to competition for resources between agricultural and non-agricultural sectors， strong income growth， rapid urbanization， and population All of these stimulate demand for agricultural Government officials and scholars have focused food economy and food security concerns on the grain economy because grain (both food and feedgrain) is a major component of China's food Historically， grain fundamentalism， the provision of adequate cereal grain supplies at low stable prices to urban residents， has been an overriding government Recurring food shortages， particularly the famine of the early 1960s， increased the official desire for assured and secure grain This concern， coupled with rapidly increasing urbanization， domestic infrastructure and transport constraints， domestic grain price spikes in 1994/1995， Brown's 1995 prediction that China will become an importer of massive amounts of grain in the next few decades， the weaknesses of the fiscal system in the provision of public goods (particular agricultural research and extension)， has attracted worldwide attention in the past 4 A number of recent studies conducted by both domestic and international organizations have led to a consensus that while the increases in China's grain imports will be marginal and the nation will remain at a high level of food self-sufficiency in the coming decades， China's long-term food security is an issue of both national and international The sheer size of China's economy and its rapid growth will make China a crucial influence in the future development of world markets for inputs and outputs of food and agricultural products， agribusiness， and Along with this growth is its gradual progress toward market-orientation and global integration， urbanization， the shift of comparative advantage from agriculture to other sectors， and dietary Small adjustments to China's food supply and demand， agricultural input demand shifts， and the Chinese government's selection of food security policy will each have large effects on world agricultural This paper evaluates China's food security situation， reviews the performance of the food and agricultural sector， considers the role of food policies， particularly the most recent price and marketing reform policies， in improving the food situation， and identifies key issues related to food security which require further The next section reviews previous achievements and sources of growth in agricultural production and food The third section analyzes current government policies and programmes and their impacts on agricultural production and food The fourth section predicts the shape of China's food economy over the next three decades; while the fifth section discusses the major challenges and constraints to agricultural production and food Concrete measures and options towards sustainable agricultural growth and food production are suggested in the final Food security and the performance of the agricultural sector--------------------------------------------------------------------------------Food security: an overviewSummary of China's approaches to improved food securityOther issuesChanging role of agriculture in the economyAgricultural production growth--------------------------------------------------------------------------------Food security: an overviewChina's ability to feed over one-fifth of the world's population with only seven percent of the world's arable land is widely China， with more than 23 billion people in 1997， is the world's most populous Its experience demonstrates the importance of technological development， institutional change， improved incentives， and rural development among other policies in improving food security with limited natural Availability of foodChina's per capita food availability and consumption have increased over the last several Average per capita food availability has grown from less than 1700 kcal in 1960 to 2570 kcal per day in 1995 (Table 1)[19] Increased domestic production is almost solely responsible for increased food Protein intake and fat consumption per capita per day increased over the same period， from 42 grams to 70 grams， and 17 grams to 45 grams， Both figures exceed average nutrient availability in countries with comparable per capita GNP Nutritional composition changes of Chinese diets are consistent with growing income (Table 1) Nutrient sources are a powerful indicator of the population's economic In low income countries， the average diet includes a high percentage of nutrients from crops， while a typical developed country diet includes a relatively high percentage of nutrients from animal In China， traditional diets were typically based on cereals， vegetables， and small quantities of meat and Consumption of relatively expensive non-cereal food items， particularly livestock products and fish， have increased with rapid increases in per capita income， urbanization， and market expansion (Huang and Bouis， 1996)Aggregate household food securityAggregate household food security has improved According to the FAO's WFS (1996)， Chinese household food security， as measured by the aggregate household food security index (AHFSI) and the level of food inadequacy， follow overall national The AHFSI increased from a low level of 70 percent in 1969-71 to a relatively high level of nearly 80 percent in 1990-92， while food inadequacy declined from slightly over 14 percent to approximately 3 percent in the same Table Nutrient availabilityYearEnergy(kcal)Protein(grams)Fat(grams)Crop ProductsAnimal ProductsEnergy(%)Protein(%)Fat(%)Energy(%)Protein(%)Fat(%)196016764217979376372419702087532396936747331980247064329490606104019902505683791865591445199525707045888151121949Table Per capita daily nutrient intake by income group in sample provinces， Income groupSichuanNingxiaHebeiZhejiangGuangdongBeijingEnergy intake (kcal)Average233524022227246024252309Poorest 10%18891819197019712129196010% - 25%20682142209322172174185525% - 50%22712319220123142191209150% - 75%24852480225625592583237175% - 90%260626422284271125322605Richest 10%285230742559298327972972Protein intake (g)A1Poorest 10%910% - 25%025% - 50%050% - 75%375% - 90%2Richest 10%5Fat intake (g)A5Poorest 10%510% - 25%425% - 50%150% - 75%575% - 90%6Richest 10%9Annual per capita income (yuan)Average55864365899110271270Poorest 10%25123020429943348810% - 25%34732134950862470525% - 50%443457499739809101250% - 75%57968669210581075134675% - 90%756975948145714331748Richest 10%111513951453216320332633Household food security by income groupTables 2， 3， and 4 show household nutrient intake and source by income group based on a food and nutrition survey conducted by the Chinese Academy of Preventative Medicine (CAPM) and the State Statistical Bureau (SSB) in 1990， Tables 5 and 6 show the physical development of children and equity as well as poverty in the rural China based on a food consumption and expenditure survey conducted by the SSB for the years 1978- Nutrient intake varies greatly across income groups， although average per capita energy intake in all sample provinces topped 2200 kcal (Table 2) Daily energy intake of the 25% of the population with annual per capita income less than 500- 700 yuan (level varies by province) was below 2200 Energy intake of the poorest 10 percent was only 82 percent of the sample Protein and fat intakes decline as income falls in a similar Table Sources of energy by income group in China's sample provinces，

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食品安全与健康论文1500字开头怎么写

食品安全与健康同行，近年来，在我国食品安全方面出现了令人担心的问题。肯德鸡的“苏丹红”、豆腐中的“吊白块”、水饺中的“毒青菜”……更危险的是“三聚氰胺”，它不仅在牛奶中大量出现，甚至在鸡蛋中存在。各式各样的食品安全问题，就像目前全球暴发的金融危机一样，席卷神州大地，给人们的生命和健康带来了严重的影响，更牵动着每一个人的心。在我们的周围食品安全问题确实存在着。　　　　食品安全问题就发生在我们的身边，也可能正在发生在我们的身上危害着我们的健康。我想，我们国家要高度重视食品安全这个问题，只有通过加强立法，严格执法才能制止这些问题的出现。同时做为一名小学生，我们也要积极地参与到食品安全的宣传中，让更多的人认识食品安全的危害，抵制农药食品、化学食品、问题食品，这样才能让食品安全与我们的健康同行。食品安全与人性食品，说的普通一点就是人们每天吃的和喝的。具体指的是各种供人食用或者饮用的成品和原料以及按照传统既是食品又是药品的物品，但是不包括以治疗为目的的物品。食品安全，指食品无毒、无害，符合应当有的营养要求，对人体健康不造成任何急性、亚急性或者慢性危害。不安全的食品成为“问题食品”。提到食品安全，人们心中是异常关心的，关注的。因为随着经济社会不断进步，经济全球化不断发展，人们饮食文化多样化，食品卫生与安全成为备受关注的热门话题。“苏丹红事件”、“注水肉”还有最近的“三鹿奶粉事件”，无一不牵动着广大民众的心。随着食品的多样化发展，各种添加剂不断翻新、涌现，不断被加入食物中。肉松中有添加剂，奶粉中有三氯氰胺。虽然现社会食品的安全的信息不对称，但可能都是消费者心中所默认的，考虑到我们每天吃的食物，想想我们身边的人，他们也大都认同“眼不见为净的”观点，是的，在你吃食物的时候，你不会想食品的生产过程是怎样的，你也不去想是否真的通过了国家卫生检查，你只是考虑到口感的好坏，但有时吃的是“问题食品”，你却不知道，等到出现问题时，你可能也发现不出是食品原因，当然也拿不出任何证据来证明了。生产商这样生产“问题食品”，我认为这不但影响到人民的生命安全，亦严重威胁到国家的声誉。这样做无疑是一种羞耻，一种无能，一种人性泯灭的表现。食品安全中出现问题，人们都会首先想到出售商和制造商。是的，追求利益是企业的天职，但他们不能丢失了人性；是的，企业之间的竞争主要竞争的是价格，但是他们不能向猪肉中注水；是的，企业与企业之间，企业内部之间，企业与民众之间有时会利益分配扭曲，但是他们不能拿消费者的健康来负担。企业固然有他们应该负担的责任，但是国家有关部门的官员也不能从旁而立。以人民利益为重，依靠国家法律法规来维护民众健康是他们的责任，有句俗话“当官不为民做主，不如回家卖红薯”。在者，建立食品安全体系是重中之重，如今《食品安全法》已让部分民众吃了颗“定心丸”。食品安全已有标准，但每个企业有自己的“标准”，有时是标准不能落实，因为个别地方官员、领导和生产制造商“勾结”，有所谓的免检产品，不用检查就发放卫生许可证，直接出售。这样可以说不为党负责，不为人民负责。消费者自身的防范意识、自我安全健康保护意识也是不可缺少的。当然买食品不能单纯的相信吹嘘的广告：质量第一，等等的。从某些消费者理解到，他们全凭广告，坦言道：有质量第一的谁还买质量第二的食品？话说回来，自己不对自身健康负责，何人还会关心你？食品安全出现问题，人的健康就会受到威胁。在如此严峻的问题面前，为什么还要出现“问题食品”？所谓的人性都到哪里去了？作为自然界生物链的最顶端，我们不是自食其果吗？

食品安全问题举国关注，世界各国政府大多将食品安全视为国家公共安全，并纷纷加大监管力度。2004年9月1日，国务院发布了《国务院关于进一步加强食品安全工作的决定》，决定采取切实有效的措施，进一步加强食品安全工作。食品安全涉及多部门、多层面、多环节，是一个复杂的系统工程。从当前来看，应尽快建立健全：食品安全法律体系；统一协调、权责明晰的监管体系；食品安全应急处理机制；完整统一的食品安全标准和检验检测体系；食品安全风险评估评价体系；食品安全信用体系；食品安全信息监测、通报、发布的网络体系；中介及研究单位的推动体系等九大体系，促进食品安全水平的全面提高。〔关键词〕食品安全；体系建设；监管民以食为天。食品是人类赖以生存和发展的最基本的物质条件。在我国国民经济中，食品工业已成为第一大产业。根据有关资料显示，1993年至1998年，我国食品工业总产值由3430亿元增至6000亿元，平均每年递增12％。2003年我国食品工业总产值更是首破12000亿元，远远超过汽车工业总产值9400亿元的水平。但是全球及我国接连不断发生的恶性食品安全事故却引发了人们对食品安全的高度关注，也促使各国政府重新审视这一已上升到国家公共安全高度的问题，各国纷纷加大了对本国食品安全的监管力度。2003年4月16日，我国国家食品药品监督管理局正式挂牌，标志着我国食品安全工作迈入了综合监管与具体监管相结合的新阶段，也表明了我国政府与时俱进、切实抓好食品安全工作的决心。然而，此后有关食品安全的负面消息依然不断，通过新闻媒体的深入追踪报道，我们知道了阜阳劣质奶粉、重庆火锅石蜡底料、太仓劣质肉松、山东"掺肥"龙口粉丝……。据媒体报道，《中国青年报》社会调查中心新近完成的一项有关食品安全的调查显示，近期频发的食品安全事件引起了公众的广泛关注，82％的公众表示，这些事件"肯定会" 引发自己对周围食品安全问题的担心，13％的人表示"可能会"。我国目前的食品安全监管较发达国家而言，起步较缓、问题较多，造成我国食品安全问题屡禁不绝的重要原因还是在于我国食品安全缺乏完整的保障体系。我们认为，在今后较长的一段时间里，我国应当把在整体上建立我国食品安全的保障体系作为食品安全工作重点和战略目标来实现。一、基本建立和逐步完善我国食品安全法律体系据我们初步统计，1949年至今，我国部级以上机关所颁布的有关食品安全方面的法律、法规、规章、司法解释以及各类规范性文件等多达840篇。其中基本法律法规107篇、专项法律法规683篇、相关法律法规50篇；文革前（1966年5月前）7篇、改革开放前（1978年12月前）1篇、改革开放后（1978年12月后）832篇。国务院于1979年8月28日发布了《中华人民共和国食品卫生管理条例》（现已失效），全国人大常委会于1982年11月19日发布了《中华人民共和国食品卫生法（试行）》（现已失效），全国人大常委会于1995年10月30日发布了现行有效的《中华人民共和国食品卫生法》（以下简称"《食品卫生法》"），这3个法律规定从法律层面上相继构成了我国改革开放后食品安全法律体系的核心，对我国的食品安全起到了重要的、不可替代的作用。但随着经济社会及科学技术的快速发展和人们对食品安全问题认识的不断深化，我国目前的食品安全法律体系有些方面已经不能适应当今食品安全形势的发展需要，作为食品安全法律体系的核心，《食品卫生法》对体系内其他法律法规、规范性文件的指导作用也有所降低。主要原因包括：第一，《食品卫生法》等法律法规所调整的范围过于狭窄。《食品卫生法》第四条规定："凡在中华人民共和国领域内从事食品生产经营的，都必须遵守本法。"从此条可以看出，《食品卫生法》的"食品"概念是狭义的，并没有包括种植、养殖、储存等环节中的食品以及与食品相关的食品添加剂、饲料及饲料添加剂的生产、经营或者使用。而食品安全问题本身涵盖了从农田到餐桌的全过程，法律应当反映出食品在这个过程中的整个生物链条，仅对食品生产经营阶段中发生的食品安全法律关系进行调整使得该法出现了较大的法律监管盲区，从而造成了政府部门对饲料中加入瘦肉精、农药大量残留、滥用抗生素、食品储存污染等诸多问题的监管滞后和监管不力。第二，《食品卫生法》确定的执法主体职责与现实情况有所脱节。根据该法第三条的规定："国务院卫生行政部门主管全国食品卫生监督管理工作。国务院有关部门在各自的职责范围内负责食品卫生管理工作。"而1998年机构改革之后，我国食品监管主要由国家食品药品监督管理局、公安部、农业部、商务部、卫生部、国家工商行政管理局、国家质量监督检验检疫总局、海关总署等多个部委共同按职能分段监管，已形成了食品安全多部门的监管体制。2004年9月1日颁布的《国务院关于进一步加强食品安全工作的决定》再次对有关部委的职责分工加以调整和明确。《食品卫生法》关于执法主体职责的内容应当顺应现实的改变做出相应的调整。第三，食品安全法律体系的内容比较单薄，对经济社会和科技发展所导致的食品安全的新情况、新问题大多尚未涉及。和经济发达国家的食品安全法规相比，我国缺少一系列保障食品安全的重要制度。例如食品安全应急处理机制、食品安全风险评价制度、食品安全信用制度以及食品安全信息发布制度等。同时，我国食品安全法律体系对"食品安全"等最重要最基本的概念尚未有明确的法律定义。第四，食品安全法律责任的规定不严、衔接不顺、内容不全。以食品安全法律体系的核心《食品卫生法》为例，对违反该法规定，食品生产经营过程不符合卫生要求的，责令改正，给予警告，可以处以五千元以下的罚款；拒不改正或者有其他严重情节的，吊销卫生许可证。食品卫生是食品安全最基本的要求，对违反卫生规定的当予重罚。然而根据该法，在一般违法情况下，除了责令改正和警告之外，五千元以下的罚款落在执法机关的自由裁量范围之内，且不说罚款的上限太低，如此"可以"也为追究违法者的行政责任创造了迂回的空间，极有可能连区区五千元以下的罚款也不了了之。类似的规定总和起来，执法不力也就难免了。再如，《食品卫生法》第三十九条规定：违反本法规定，生产经营不符合卫生标准的食品，造成严重食物中毒事故或者其他严重食源性疾患，对人体健康造成严重危害的，依法追究刑事责任。而根据《刑法》第一百四十三条的规定，生产、销售不符合卫生标准的食品，只要足以造成严重食物中毒事故或者其他严重食源性疾患的，即构成犯罪，依法应予追究刑事责任。两者相比较可以看出，在同一罪名上，《食品卫生法》要求违法行为具有人身伤害后果才构成犯罪，而《刑法》则强调当违法行为具有危害人身健康的危险性时即构成犯罪。两者尺度的不统一，往往会造成行政执法部门在对待"足以造成严重食物中毒事故或者其他严重食源性疾患的"上述违法行为时，仅仅因为危害结果尚未发生，就依据《食品卫生法》做出不移交司法部门追究当事人刑事责任的决定，用行政处罚代替刑事追究。法律衔接的不统一给了违法食品业主以喘息的可能，削减了法律的惩处力度，也为司法机关再度追究当事人的刑事责任造成了时间上的拖延。其主要原因是《食品卫生法》修订在前，《刑法》修订在后，这段时期内无论是食品安全问题还是国家对食品安全的关注程度均有加重之势，《刑法》的修订是顺应了当时食品安全的要求。可见《食品卫生法》的滞后性已经显现。第五，现行食品安全法律体系中尚欠缺对食品安全监管机关及其工作人员的监管职责的落实和失职责任的追究机制。综上，在建立我国食品安全法律体系的过程中，应当首先抓紧组织修订《食品卫生法》。在是否将《食品卫生法》修改为《食品安全法》的问题上，还有不同意见。我们认为，食品卫生仅是食品安全问题中的一部分，无论是从法律的名称还是从法律本身的内容考虑，食品安全法律体系都应围绕"食品安全"这一核心加以建设。建议方法有二：一种是把《食品卫生法》更名为《食品安全法》，作一次全面修订和补充；另一种是重新制订一部《食品安全基本法》，作为食品安全领域的"母法"，其基本内容至少应当包括如下方面：（1）目的：综合促进和保障食品安全。（2）定义：明确"食品"、"食品安全"等名词的法律涵义。（3）食品安全监管范围：国家对食品安全实行从农田到餐桌的全过程监管。（4）监管体制：以法律的形式提出我国食品安全基本监管框架和各方职能。（5）食品安全监管原则：确保人民身体健康，注重科学依据，控制和预防并重，公开、客观、公正，等等。（6）社会其他各阶层的食品安全责任。以食品生产经营企业为主，还包括与食品相关的行业、食品行业协会以及消费者等。（7）应急处理。（8）标准检测，含市场准入。（9）安全风险评价。（10）信用体系。（11）食品安全信息网络。（12）宣传教育。（13）行业协会、研究机构的推动。（14）法律责任。强调监管主体的违法责任、做好与《刑法》的衔接、对违法食品生产经营者设置严厉罚则。法律的尊严是执行出来的，而不是制定出来的。无论多严密、多完善的法律，还必须经由各级政府职能部门的正确施行，才

中国工程院医药卫生学部 :《中国食品安全:挑战、问题、认识和办法》 胡楠:《中国食品业与食品安全问题研究》 谢建华，申明月，李昌:《我国食品安全分析及对策研究[J]2010年第3期》 [1] 张奇志，邓欢英我国食品安全现状及对策措施[j]中国食物与营养， 2006，(05) [2] 高仰山食品安全重在治本[j]中国保健营养，2004， (07) /[3] 高桂铭科学发展观与食品安全[j]上海商业， 2004， (07) [4] 吴澎，王明林我国食品安全存在的问题及应对策略[j]中国食物与营养，2004， (04) [5] 向晓冬，赵兵，简桂兰，我国食品安全现状及对策探讨[j]中国卫生法制， 2006，(02) 五、总结食品安全事件所暴露的体制问题和道德缺失，也向全社会发出了预警信号。在一个国家的文明框架中，道德与法律唇齿相依，缺一不可。必须做到依法治国和以德治国并举，在我们完善社会主义市场经济、推进现代化建设的进程中，完善现有法律法规所存在的问题，填补在执法过程中出现的法律空白和盲点，加大执法力度，使食品安全问题能够有法可依，同时为道德建设提供强而有力的法律保障，同时一刻也不能放松道德建设，只有在全社会开展社会主义荣辱观教育，大力加强公民道德、职业道德、企业道德、社会道德建设，在全社会形成诚信守法的良好环境，才能有效构筑牢固的社会文明防线，全面推进经济社会的科学发展