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如何学好英语视听说的论文大学800字

发布时间:2024-07-04 21:33:54

如何学好英语视听说的论文大学800字

1、以学为先 :学习是第一中心任务;学习是正事,理应先于娱乐。2、随处学习 :每天晨练或者上学路上记忆词语;在盥洗池贴词汇表;每天刷牙时熟记一个生词;无论怎样各具特色,有一点是一致的,那就是保证学习时间,坚持不懈。3、讲究条理 :条理清楚整洁的学习环境很重要,把常用的与学习有关的东西都放在伸手可及的位置,重要的学习用品和资料用一个纸箱或抽屉装好,避免用时东翻西找。4、学会阅读: 学会快速阅读,提高单位阅读量,学会读一本书的目录、图解和插图,为提前了解本书内容,获取更有效的信息;当积极的读者--不断的提问,直到弄懂字里行间的全部信息为止。5、合理安排 :讲究高效率,别人8小时完成的作业你最好用6小时;再晚也要完成当天作业。

英语学习的根本难点在哪里? 答:是遗忘。英语学习的过程,主要是记忆的过程,而遗忘是记忆的天敌。英语学习的本质是长时记忆的积累过程。如果学习后不能及时地复习巩固,前面的所学就会遗忘,就得重新再学,前面的学习就白学了。所以学习英文进展慢,主要是没能形成记忆积累。而积累的效果,很大程度上取决于学习与每次复习的时间间隔,因而,英语学习中针对记忆状况的管理和安排就显得尤为重要 什么是记忆引擎? 答:记忆引擎是美国众多脑科学家,纽约大学、宾州大学和斯坦福大学的专家们十几年在人脑学习记忆功能领域突破性的研究成果;融合了硅谷的先进 IT 科技。记忆引擎通过对每一学习者的学习过程跟踪和记忆模拟作预测,并针对个人的详细记忆状况对其学习过程作最优化的安排。因为它针对个人的记忆时间特性作动态调整,使学生在最佳点学习和复习,从而使传统的人机对话上升到人机信息谐振状态,从而达到大脑独自运作所不及的超常学习效果。 大脑为什么需要记忆引擎? 答:人的学习过程主要是由大脑前额叶来控制和管理,这种大脑对自身信息过程管理有许多严重的缺陷。首先,学习者对自己的学习记忆状况了解只是大概的而不是精细的。由于人脑的认知能力局限,它不能精确地记录学习者自身的详细学习情况,如什么东西学过,什么没有学过,什么东西会,什么不会,现在会的将来什么时间会忘等等。此类信息往往通过测试来部分获得,测试结果只能反映当时的情况而不能预测将来的状况。 人脑对自身学习的管理是经验性的而不是科学性的,定性的而不是定量的。人的学习,主要是通过局部测试来确定学习的难点和疑点,不可避免的会有许多遗漏;同时,在学习后的复习强化上也是凭经验和感觉,因而大量的所学的知识不会得到及时的复习巩固而遗忘,使初学的记忆效果付诸东流,造成大量的无效重复学习,做无用功。 综上所述,人脑对自己的知识掌握状况了解是粗浅的,对学习资料的选择是试探性的,对学习过程的管理是盲目而低效率的。记忆引擎以精细的记录和科学的优化功能,取代大脑的对自身学习记忆低效的管理功能,从而使人脑记忆贮存系统从人力管理下的运作状态上升到由记忆引擎驱动的谐振状态,就象当初机械引擎取代人体肌肉对人运动的驱动一样,人类的智力活动将因记忆引擎的问世而上升到一个神奇的境界 如何记单词用词素分析的方法,即通过熟记常用词头,词根和词尾的意思来理解复合词的语义。它是非常有效的快速扩大词汇量的方法。但是词素分析法有它的局限性: 第一、大量的基础词汇是非复合词,不能用词素分析法来记; 第二、词素分析法的运用必须基于熟记大量词头,词根,和词尾的意义。而这些词头、词根和词尾语义的记忆不能用词素分析法自身来完成; 第三、最重要的一点,词素分析法只能是一个临时性的记忆方法来帮助你分析出复合词的语义。在语言的实际运用中,如在对话,阅读中,你通常没有时间分析词义,你对单词语义的再认必须是适时,自动,而且毫不费力的。

大学英语视听说论文

大学英语视听说。你可以在网上听。你们大学里不是也也有试听教室。你在那里好好听。你的听力一定能过关的。

可以选择文学作品方面的翻译,这方面的文章很多,选择的空间比较大。

1、以学为先 :学习是第一中心任务;学习是正事,理应先于娱乐。2、随处学习 :每天晨练或者上学路上记忆词语;在盥洗池贴词汇表;每天刷牙时熟记一个生词;无论怎样各具特色,有一点是一致的,那就是保证学习时间,坚持不懈。3、讲究条理 :条理清楚整洁的学习环境很重要,把常用的与学习有关的东西都放在伸手可及的位置,重要的学习用品和资料用一个纸箱或抽屉装好,避免用时东翻西找。4、学会阅读: 学会快速阅读,提高单位阅读量,学会读一本书的目录、图解和插图,为提前了解本书内容,获取更有效的信息;当积极的读者--不断的提问,直到弄懂字里行间的全部信息为止。5、合理安排 :讲究高效率,别人8小时完成的作业你最好用6小时;再晚也要完成当天作业。

大学英语视听说论文1000字

可以选择文学作品方面的翻译,这方面的文章很多,选择的空间比较大。

英语视听说论文800字中文

可以选择文学作品方面的翻译,这方面的文章很多,选择的空间比较大。

了解文化差异,提高跨文化交际能力东莞市石龙第三中学 李秀文【摘要】在跨文化交际中,由于中西方社交礼仪上存在差异,中西方人士在社会交往活动中常常发生误会和冲突,其根本原因则是文化环境的差异形成的认知差异。本文主要分析了中西方人士在问候语、饮食、时空、价值观和道德标准等方面的差异,从而避免文化冲突,以提高跨文化交际能力。【关键词】文化差异、跨文化交际能力一、引言随着中国申办2008年奥运会的成功和加入世贸组织,英语尤其是英语口语在当今社会有着越来越重要的作用。如何更好的进行跨文化交际已经成为目前首要解决的问题。“跨文化交际”的英语名称是“cross-cultural communication”。它指本族语者与非本族语者之间的交际, 也指任何在语言和文化背景方面有差异的人们之间的交际。由于不同的民族所处的生态、物质、社会及宗教等环境不同, 因而各自的语言环境产生了不同的语言习惯、社会文化、风土人情等语境因素。不同文化背景造成人们说话方式或习惯不同。在交流中, 人们总喜欢用自己的说话方式来解释对方的话语,这就可能对对方的话语做出不准确的推论, 从而产生冲突和矛盾。因此,更重要的是要注重文化差异的教学。了解中西方文化差异对于提高跨文化交际能力有着极其重要的意义,它能帮助我们正确理解西方人的言行,在交际过程中,充分了解对方,尊重对方的习俗,以取得最佳的交际效果。二、中西跨文化交际中经常出现的文化差异在中西跨文化交际中会出现的文化差异有很多种,在这里我们不可能一一叙述,只能列出比较常见的几种。问候语的差异朋友们间通常会互致问候来促进人际关系,英语常常用的问候语“Hi/Hello!”(你好!)How are you? (你好吗?)Good morning!(早上好!)Good evening(晚上好!) 以上的问候语在中国人之间却很少用,我们中国人在打招呼时常用的是:“你吃过饭了吗?”这是中国人问候的常见方式。其实并非真想知道对方是否吃过了饭。然而在英语中,这种问候语就不是在打招呼了,而表示邀请对方一块进餐的意思。汉语中另一个常见的问候语是“你到哪儿去?”或是“你干什么去?”,我们可以随便给个回答,并非真是想了解问候人到哪儿去或做什么事去。如这样去问西方人,他们往往会不高兴的,会认为这样的问题干涉了他们的私事。所以,不了解中西方文化差异,是不可避免地产生许多误会。认真学习和正确运用英语问候的差异是尤其重要的。2赞扬与祝贺的差异当英美国家的人向我们中国人表示赞扬或祝贺时,我们即使心里高兴,嘴上难免要谦虚一番。这大概是我 们中国人认为"谦虚"是一种美德的缘故,认为不这样,就是对别人的不敬。例如:一位外国旅游者对导游小 姐说:"Your English is quite (你英语说得很流利)。"这位导游小姐谦虚地回 答:"No, My English is very (不,不,我的英语讲得不好)。对 于中国人的谦虚回答, 英美人会误解为对方 对自己的判断力表示怀疑。又如:在一次舞会上,一位美国人赞扬一位中国女士说:"You look beautiful today (你今天很漂亮)。"这位中国女士谦虚地说:"Where(哪里)、Where(哪里)。" 幸亏这位美国人懂 一点汉语习惯,非常巧妙地说了一句:"Every-where (到 处)" 根据英美人的习惯,当他们赞扬别人时,总希望别人以道谢或爽快接受的方式作答,而不希望以谦虚、客气的方式作答。对于上面两位的赞扬,恭维话 , 英美人的回答是:"Thank you! ""Thank you for saying "3时空方面的差异西方人的时间观和金钱观是联系在一起的,时间就是金钱的观念根深蒂固,所以它们非常珍惜时间,在生活中往往对时间都做了精心的安排和计划,并养成了按时赴约的好习惯。在西方,要拜访某人,必须事先通知或约定,并说明拜访的目的、时间和地点,经商定后方可进行。而中国人则属于多向时间习惯的国家,在时间的使用上具有很大的随意性,一般不会像那样严格的按照计划进行,西方人对此往往感到不适应。中国的上班时间时间为上午8:00—12:00,下午2:00—6:00;而美国则是9:00—12:00;下午1:00—4:00,中国人中午有午休的习惯,因此中午是时间稍长一些,所以,如果我们在中午一点钟接到电话,也许会推断那准是件紧急的事。可是对于西方人来讲一般不会出现这种推断。空间方面,美国人类雪茄E T Hall认为,在相互交际时,人们对空间领域有一定要求。“体距语”是交际者用空间距离传递的信息。根据人际间亲昵和疏远程度,在交际距离上有不同的要求。大致可以分为:亲昵距离:0到105英尺;个人距离:5到4英尺;社会距离:4到12英尺;公共距离:12到25英尺;远距离:25英尺以上。在外国,亲昵距离除适合于父母、子女、夫妻之间外,同性朋友交往时也很少保持这样的距离,不然,会使双方感到非常不安。但在中国文化中,尤其在通常青年朋友交往时,常常会出现亲昵距离――手拖手得散步,相互搂抱以表示亲热等。4餐饮习俗方面的冲突中华民族素有热情好客的优良传统。在交际场合和酒席上,热情的中国人常常互相敬烟敬酒。中国人宴客,即使美味佳肴摆满一桌,主人也总习惯讲几句“多多包涵”等客套话。主人有时会用筷子往客人的碗里夹菜,用各种办法劝客人多吃菜、多喝酒。而在西方国家,人们讲求尊重个人权益和个人隐私,所以他们不会做强人所难的事。吃饭的时候,绝不会硬往你碗里夹菜,自己想吃什么就吃什么,他们也不会用各种办法劝客人喝酒,不会非要你喝醉了为止。5社会语言的差异Peter grudgill在《社会语言学》一书中指出:“一个社会所用语言中的词汇体现出该文化与其他文化的主要差别”。A、一个常见的英语与汉语之间内涵和词汇之间差别的词是“亲爱的(dear)”,在英语中,dear这个词可用在许多场合下表示对某人的尊敬、羡慕、爱情或是作为称呼别人的一种习惯,不表示任何特殊的感情。而英语国家的人们在夫妻、情人或父母和孩子之间,如想表达非常亲密的关系时,他们常常用“亲爱的(darling)”来表示。中国人在感情表达方面趋于含蓄,所以很少用“亲爱的”来称呼别人。B、在中国,peasant(贫农)和laborer(劳工)含有正面的、积极的含义,但对西方国家来说,却有某种反面的、消积的意味。相反,landlord(地主),landlady(房主),boss(老板)对中国人来说有一定的贬义,而在西方国家却不是这样。6价值观与道德标准的差异A、个性自由与团结协作西方人十分珍视个人自由,喜欢随心所欲,独往独行,不愿受限制。中国文化则更多地强调集体主义,主张个人利益服从集体利益,主张同甘共苦,团结合作,步调一致B 自我中心与无私奉献西方人自我中心意识和独立意识很强,主要表现在:(1 )自己为自己负责。在弱肉强食的社会,每个人 生存方式及生存质量都取决于自己的能力,因此,每个人都必须自我奋斗,把个人利益放在第一位。(2)不习 惯关心他人,帮助他人,不过问他人的事情。(3)正由于以上两点,主动帮助别人或接受别人帮助在西方常常是令人难堪的事。因为接受帮助只能证明自己无能,而主动帮助别人会被认为是干涉别人私事。 中国人的行为准则是“我对他人,对社会是否有用”,个人的价值是在奉献中体现出来的。中国文化推崇一种高尚的情操——无私奉献。在中国,主动关心别人,给人以无微不至的体贴是一种美德,因此,中国人不论别人的大事小事,家事私事都愿主动关心,而这在西方会被视为“多管闲事”,甚至是侵犯别人的隐私。C、创新精神与中庸之道西方文化鼓励人民开拓创新,做一番前人未做过的、杰出超凡的事业。而传统的中国文化则要求人们不偏不倚,提倡踏踏实实的务实作风,走中庸之道,中国人善于预见未来的危险性,更愿意维护现状,保持和谐。7文化差异具有很强的地区差异性同样是西方国家,美国跟英国的文化差异之大是人们所熟悉的,美国是一个移民国家,(melting pot)具有丰富多彩的文化,融合进取是主流,而英国是夕日的帝国老大,崇尚高贵,保守守旧。因而形成很不同的生活风格。这就要求在跟不同国家的人交流和沟通时要注意其文化的差异,不能一刀切。三.英语教学中培养跨文化交际能力的措施从以上的分析可以看出,在我们与外国人的交往过程中,确实存在着很多文化方面的差异,直接影响到了跨文化交际的效果,为了改变这一状况,我们极有必要在实际教学中培养学生的跨文化交际能力,具体措施如下:1授课教师要转变观念在我国目前的教学体系中,外语教学多半只在课堂上进行,教师起着绝对的主导作用。如果教师只把重点放在语法和词汇教学上,学生就不可能学会语言的实际运用,也无法获得跨文化交际的能力。因此,授课的教师必须要转变自己的观念,切实认识到文化冲突的危害性和培养学生跨文化交际能力的重要性。同时,教师还要加强学习,提高自身的综合文化素质,只有这样,才能全面把握英语文化知识教育的量与度,以及教学的具体步骤和方法,以达到预期的教学目的。2改进现有的教学方法一直以来,英语教学侧重点都放在了语言知识的传授上,而忽略了跨文化交际能力的培养。为了改变这种情况,我们必须改进教学方法,在质和量两个方面对课堂教学中的文化教学加以控制,并充分利用现代化的教学手段(电影、投影仪、互联网等)来调动学生的学习积极性。此外还可以举行一些专题性的活动,以满足学生的求知欲望,培养出具有较高跨文化交际能力的人才。但是值得注意的是,在改进教学方法时,一定要使新的内容与学生所学的语言知识紧密联系,并与语言交际实践紧密结合。3重视非语言交际能力的培养非语言交际也是一种重要的交际方式,指的是在特定的情景或语境中使用非语言行为交流和理解信息的过程,它们不是真正的语言单位,但在生活和交际中有时候却能表达出比语言更强烈的含义,一些特定的非语言行为往往代表着特定的含义,在跨文化交际中必须加以重视。中西文化背景下的非语言文化内涵差异非常大。例如,中国人信奉“沉默是金”,认为沉默里含有丰富的信息,甚至“此时无声胜有声”,而英语国家的人对此颇感不舒服。西方人交谈时,听者一般都会长时间注视对方的眼神,以示听者的认真和对说话者的尊重,但是在中国人看来,这是一种不礼貌的行为,因为中国人不习惯于对方长时间地盯着自己看。4引导学生广泛接触西方文化材料,增加语言习得英语教学的课时非常有限,但学生在课余有充分的可支配时间,因此不能仅仅依靠教师在课堂上的教学来培养跨文化交际能力,教师要引导学生利用课外时间广泛阅读有关西方文化的趣味读物,增加文化素养,拓宽西方文化视野,提高跨文化交际能力。另外,还应充分发挥多媒体在西方文化传播中的作用,互联网上有很多文化教材,也可能让学生直接与外国人交流,听外教做报告或讲课,其言传身教会对学生起到一种潜移默化的作用。四、结束语大家都知道语言是文化的载体, 是文化的结晶,是反映文化的一面镜子。希望老师们能做一个有心人,平时尽力摄取英美国家社会文化生活的最新信息,在提高自身跨文化交际意识的同时把这些信息融入自己的教学实践中,结合文化背景和任务型教学模式进行语言教学,让学生能进行成功的跨文化交际——了解文化,尊重他人,地道的交际。【参考文献】[1]任雪萍“中西方不同文化环境下礼仪的差异[J]”,《安徽电力职工大学学报》2003年第3期,121-[2]邓慧“论中西方文化对礼仪的影响[J]”,《沿海企业与科技》2005年第8,23-[3]孙爱珍“中西方礼仪文化的差异[J]”,《山西教育学院学报》2002年第2期,17-[4]许果、梅林“文化差异与跨文化交际能力的培养”,《重庆大学学报》(社科版)2002年第8卷第6期,121-123[5]顾江禾“东西方文化对比小议”,《太原重型机械学院学报》2001年第22卷第4期,279-282[6]吴锋针“中西习俗文化‘冲突’”,《绥化师专学报》2003年第1期,90-92[7]程晓莉“英语跨文化交际教学的思考”,《安徽农业大学学报》(社会科学版)2003年第5期,105-107

大学英语视听说论文汉语

TextDo you view work as a burden or an opportunity? Are you the kind of person who looks for ways to save your energy or the kind that finds spending your energy satisfying? Why do people like to complain about work? Find the answers to question like these in the following WHY PEOPLE WORKLeonard R SaylesJobs and work do much more than most of us realize to provide happiness sand We're all used to thinking that work provides the material things of life -- the goods and services that make possible our modern But we are much less conscious of the extent to which work provides the more intangible, but more crucial, psychological well-being that can make the difference between a full and an empty Historically, work has been associated with slavery and sin and And in our own day we are used to hearing the traditional complaints: "I can't wait for my vacation," "I wish I could stay home today," "My boss treats me poorly," "I've got too much work to do and not enough time to do " Against this background, it may well come as a surprise to learn that not only psychologists but other behavioral scientists have come to accept the positive contribution of work to the individual's happiness and sense of personal Work is more than a necessity for most human beings; it is the focus of their lives, the source of their identity and Rather than a punishment or a burden, work is the opportunity to realize one's Many psychiatrists heading mental health clinics have observed its healing A good many patients who feel depressed in clinics gain renewed self-confidence when gainfully employed and lose some, if not all, of their most acute Increasingly, institutions dealing with mental health problems are establishing workshops wherein those too sick to get a job in "outside" industry can work, while every effort is exerted to arrange "real" jobs for those well enough to work And the reverse is true, For large numbers of people, the absence of work is harmful to their Retirement often brings many problems surrounding the "What do I do with myself?" question, even though there may be no financial Large numbers of people regularly get headaches and other illnesses on weekends when they don't have their jobs to go to, and must fend for It has been observed that unemployment, quite aside from exerting financial pressures, brings enormous psychological troubles and that many individuals deteriorate rapidly when But why? Why should work be such a significant source of human satisfaction? A good share of the answer rests in the kind of pride that is stimulated by the job, by the activity of Pride in AccomplishmentThe human being longs for a sense of being accomplished, of being able to do things, with his hand, with his mind, with his Each of us wants to feel he or she has the ability to do something that is meaningful and that serves as a tribute to our inherent It is easiest to see this in the craftsman who lovingly shapes some cheap material into an object that may be either useful or beautiful or You can see the carpenter or bricklayer stand aside and admire the product of his personal But even where there is no obvious end product that is solely attributable to one person's skill, researchers have found that employees find pride in Our own research in hospitals suggests that even the houskeeping and laundry staffs take pride in the fact that in their own ways they are helping to cure sick people -- and thus accomplishing good We're often misled by the complaints surrounding difficult work; deep down most people regard their won capacity to conquer the tough job as the mark of their own unique Complaining is just part of working After all, how else do you know who you are, except as you can demonstrate the ability of your mind to control you limbs ad hands and words? You are, in significant measure, what you can Some are deceived into thinking that people like to store up energy, to rest and save themselves as much as Just the It is energy expenditure that is Just watch an employee who must deal with countless other people because his or her job is at some central point in a communications network: a salesman at a busy counter, a stock broker on the phone, a customer They will tell you how much skill and experience it takes to answer countless questions and handle various kinds of personalities every hour of the Not everyone can interact with such persistence and over long hours, but those who do, pride themselves on a distinctive ability that contributes mightily to the running of the But work is more than accomplishment and pride in being able to command the job, because except for a few craftsmen and artists most work takes place "out in the world," with an through other Esprit de corpsPerhasps an example will make the point:I remember viewing a half dozen me in a chair factory whose job it was to bend several pieces of steel and attach them so that a folding chair would While there were ten or twelve of these "teams" that worked together, one in particular was known for its perfect coordination and lightning-like The men knew they were They would work spurts for twenty or thirty minutes before taking a break -- to show themselves, bystanders and other groups what it was to be superbly skilled and self-controlled, to be the best in the When I talked with them, each expressed enormous pride in being a part of the fastest, best And this sense of belonging to an accomplished work group is one of the distinctive satisfactions of the world of One further word about work group Unlike may other aspects of life, relationships among people at work tend to be simpler, less complicated, somewhat less This is not to say there aren't arguments and jealousies, but, on the whole, behavioral research discloses that human relations at work are just easier, perhaps because they are more regular and predictable and thus simpler to adjust to than the sporadic, the more intense and less regular relationships in the And the work group also gently pressures its members to learn how to adjust to one another so that the "rough edges" are worked off because people know they must do certain things with and through one another each Beyond the team and the work group, there is the organization, whether it be company or hospital or The same pride in being part of a well-coordinated, successful unit is derived from being part of a larger Working for a company that is though of as being part of the best in the community can provide employees with both status and self- They assume, usually with good reason, that others regard them more highly, even envy them, and that they are more competent than the average because of this association with a "winner," a prestigious We in truth bask in the reflected glory of the institution, and we seek ways of asserting our membership so that others will know and can recognize our good New W happiness; satisfaction 满足 文明 that can not be touched or grasped 触摸不到的 decisive; critical 决定性的,关键的 of the soul or mind 心理的 in the course of history, in accordance with or in respect to connect or bring together in one's mind 联想slavery the system of having slaves; the condition of being a slave 奴隶制度;奴隶身份 behavior that is against the principles of morality; an immoral act 罪孽 punishing or being punished 惩罚 complaining; a statement expressing unhappiness, pain, dissatisfaction 抱怨 of or having to do with behavior 行为的 act of contributing; that is necessary; the condition of being necessary, needed or unavoidable 必需品;必要性 the central point; centre of interest 焦点 the ability to produce new and orignal ideas and things; inventiveness创造性 building or part of a hospital where doctors give specialized medical treatment and advice; a medical institution for special purposes 诊所 (cause to) become healthy 治愈,愈合,痊愈 sad; low in spirits 精神抑郁的,情绪沮丧的 make sad, low in reestablish; give new life and freshness to 使更新 severe; strong 严重的,急性的symptom a change in the body's condition that indicates illness 症状 a society, club, college or any organization established for some public or social purpose 公共机构workshop a room of building which contains tools or machinery for making or repairing things 车间,工场 in use(strength, skill, ) 尽力 the opposite; the other way round, the back 相反,背面 non-existence; instance of retiring or being retired; condition of being retired 退休 relating to money 财政的;金融的 Saturday and Sunday, when considered as a holiday from provide(for) 供养;照料 the state of being of noticeable importance or effect 重大的significance be state of being satisfied 满足satisfactory skilled, expert 有才艺的;有造诣的 material evidence of one's worth, virtue, existing as a natural and permanent part or quality of 内在的,生来的 a highly skilled workman 手艺人,(名)工匠 a workman who builds with bricksattributable that can be attributed 可归因于……的attribute 把……归因为 management of a home and its affairs 家政 the group of workers who carry on a job (全体)员工 ability, power; the amount that can hold or produce 能力;容量tough difficult to do or deal with 艰巨的 being the only one of its type 独特的 the leg, or wing of an animal 肢,翼 a person or thing that is entirely different from another 对立面,对立物 very many; too many to be person who buys and sells for others 经纪人,掮客stock a person who buys and sells stocks and bonds for other for a commission 证券经纪人 a person acting in place of one or more others 代表 act on each other 相互作用persistence the act or fact of keeping on doing sth in spite of difficulty or opposition 坚持persist distinctive clearly marking a person or thing as different from other 特殊的;与众不同的mightily with power and strength; greatlyesprit de (French) spirit of loyalty and devotion which unites the members of a group or society 团体精神,集体荣誉感 harmonious adjustment or working together 协调coordinate lightning闪电 a person standing near but not taking part in an event or activity; onlooker 旁观者 magnificently; first one side or view of a subject 方面 a friendship between people; connection 关系disclosemake known; show by uncovering 揭示 occurring now and then; occasional 零星发生的,偶尔的 people collectively, especially as forming a community or state 集体collective (high) social or professional position 地位,身份 feel admiration or ill-will toward () because he has the good fortune one wishes to have 羡慕;妒忌 one that wins or seems destined to win or be having respect that results from the good reputation (of a person, nation, )有声望的 sit or lie in enjoyable warmth and light (舒适地) 取暖,享受 throw back (light, heat, sound or image) 反射;反映 demonstrate the existence of; declare forcefully 宣称,断言 the state of being a member, of a club, society, all the members of a club, society, Phrases & Expressionsassociate with connect with (often mentally) 把…与…联系在一起rather thaninstead offend for oneselflook after oneself 照料自己,自行谋生aside frombesides, apart from 除…以外long for desire (to have ) strongly 渴望take pride infell please and happy because of 为…而感到得意store upput away for future use 储存,储备pride oneself onregard as a special reason for pride or satisfaction 以……自豪make the/one's pointprove that is true 证明一个论点in particularespeciallyat workbusy at a job; doing workone the whole considering everything; in generalwork offget rid of, dispose 除去,清除

1、以学为先 :学习是第一中心任务;学习是正事,理应先于娱乐。2、随处学习 :每天晨练或者上学路上记忆词语;在盥洗池贴词汇表;每天刷牙时熟记一个生词;无论怎样各具特色,有一点是一致的,那就是保证学习时间,坚持不懈。3、讲究条理 :条理清楚整洁的学习环境很重要,把常用的与学习有关的东西都放在伸手可及的位置,重要的学习用品和资料用一个纸箱或抽屉装好,避免用时东翻西找。4、学会阅读: 学会快速阅读,提高单位阅读量,学会读一本书的目录、图解和插图,为提前了解本书内容,获取更有效的信息;当积极的读者--不断的提问,直到弄懂字里行间的全部信息为止。5、合理安排 :讲究高效率,别人8小时完成的作业你最好用6小时;再晚也要完成当天作业。

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