建筑历史论文结束语大全高中英语范文

Goose tower （大雁塔） The goose tower is located in the Nanjiao greatly kind graciousnesstemple， was the nation famous ancient architecture， is regarded asancient capital Xi'an the After hands down is Tang Sengcongthe India (ancient India) learns from experienced people， specially isengaged in translates after with the Buddhist scriptures Because imitates the Indian wild goose tower style the constructiontherefore the famous wild goose Because afterwards recommendedin the lucky temple in Chang An to construct a smaller wild goosetower， in order to distinguish， the people on called the goose thetower the kind graciousness temple tower， recommended the lucky templetower to call the small wild goose tower， continuously spreads The goose delivers in person the square shape， constructsin side approximately 45 meters， on high approximately 5 meter Tower seven， first floor length of side 25 meters， by place Surface to tower crest elevation 64 The tower bodybecomes with the brickwork， the polished bricks fitting snuglytogether are firm In the tower has the staircase， maycircle Around each respectively has a brige entry， may leanagainst a railing looks out into the The Chang An style getsa panoramic Around the tower first floor all has Shimen， on thegate mast has the fine line to engrave the image of Buddha， passes onfor the Tang Dynasty big painter Yan Liben writing In the towerNanmen two sides brick niches， inlays has Tang fourth day of a soldierthen good book storytelling legalist schools big tang dynasty pilgrimmonk saint to teach the foreword "and" States Tripitaka Saint To teachForeword To record "two After Tang Mo， the temple repeatedlysays the warfare， the palace burns d

In the 20th century， bridge construction technology evolved and was fueled by the Industrial R At the turn of the century， steel bridges were riveted together， not bolted; concrete bridges were cast in place， not precast; and large bridge members were built from lacing bars and smaller sections， not rolled in one Plastic had not yet been Construction techniques such as post-tensioning， slurry walls， soil freezing， and reinforced earth walls had not yet been Surveying was performed mechanically since infrared， optical technology was still 75 years Bridge construction is changing as the new millennium New construction techniques and new materials are There are also new issues facing the bridge building industry relative to the research needs associated with these new techniques and LONG-SPAN BRIDGES Suspension Bridges While suspension bridge building was conducted at a modest pace throughout the 20th century， an unprecedented number of spans of remarkable record lengths were built in the Far East and D Both the Akashi Kaikyo Bridge in Japan and the Great Belt Bridge in Denmark were completed in The Akashi Kaikyo Bridge is the largest suspension bridge in the world， with a span of 1991 m， and the Great Belt Bridge is the second largest， with a span of 1624 While spans lengths have increased nearly fivefold during the course of this century， they may have reached their physical limits with today’s Research will be necessary to develop the new， ultra-high-strength steel wire or carbon fiber wire required to build the longer main suspension cables that will make it possible to increase span lengths to beyond 2000 As we enter the new millennium， rehabilitation and ongoing maintenance of the existing suspension bridges must continue as Recent rehabilitation measures for the main cables and suspension systems of these bridges have uncovered degradation through corrosion and hydrogen Research is needed to determine the remaining useful service life of suspension bridge cables and what measures can be taken to slow or halt the degradation Transportation in the New Millennium 2 Other components of long-span bridges， existing and new， are being revolutionized as technology moves Advances in deck technology are producing stronger， lighter Orthotropic and exodermic decks are becoming increasingly popular on long-span structures as a means of reducing dead Bearings， joint systems， and seismic retrofitting components are becoming increasingly efficient as more large-scale testing facilities are 在20世纪，桥梁施工技术，是由进化而来的工业革命。随着新世纪的到来，钢桥受到铆接在一起，而不是螺栓、混凝土桥梁被扔在的地方，不是预制、大型桥梁成员从系酒吧和小的部分，不卷在一块。塑料尚未发明了。制作等施工工艺、浆墙、土壤冻结，加筋土墙尚未怀了孕。测量进行机械自从红外、光学技术仍然是75年。大桥建设是新千年开始转变。新建筑技术和新材料正在浮出水面。也有新的解决面临的桥建筑行业的相关研究的需要，这些新技术材料。大跨度桥梁悬挂的桥梁虽然悬索桥建设进行了整个20速度不快世纪，前所未有的跨越了卓越的长度是建在记录远东和丹麦。双方在日本明石海峡大桥正式通车，伟大的带桥在丹麦是在一九九八年完成。这个明石海峡大桥正式通车是世界上最大的悬架在这个世界上，与桥梁的m，1991年是中国的第二大带桥，用一段1624)。虽然已经增加了近5倍长度的跨世纪的过程中，他们已经达到了他们的物理极限与今天的材料。研究将必须发展新的、ultra-high-strength钢丝、碳纤维丝要求建立了悬索，将不再主要可能增加到跨度的长度超出2000米。当我们进入新千年、康复和持续的维护现有的悬索桥必须继续。最近的戒毒措施为主要电缆悬架系统与这些桥梁发现退化氢脆腐蚀，。研究还剩下的寿命悬索桥电缆和什么措施可以减缓或停止退化的过程。在新千年的运输其他组件的大跨度桥梁，现有的和新的，正在发生了革命性的变化技术的进步。提出了在甲板上技术生产强的，更轻的甲板。正交各向异性和exodermic牌是大跨度越来越受欢迎作为一种手段，降低结构自重荷载。轴承、联合系统和抗震能力越来越多的有效成分是更大规模的测试设备建造。 50分！！~~谢谢参考资料：我的大脑

建筑工程论文结束语怎么写?学术堂来告诉你:　　结论的任务是精炼表达在理论分析和实验验证的基础上，通过严密的逻辑推理而得出的富有创造性、指导性、经验性的结果它又以自身的条理性、明确性、客观性反映了论文或研究成果的价值结论与引言相呼应，同摘要一样可为读者和二次文献作者提供依据结论的内容不是对研究结果的简单重复，而是对研究结果更深入一步的认识，是从正文部分的全部内容出发，并涉及引言的部分内容，经过判断、归纳、推理等过程而得到的新的总观点　　一、注意事项　　研究成果或论文的真正价值是通过具体"结论"来体现的，所以结论段也不宜用如"本研究具有国际先进水平"、"本研究结果属国内首创"、"本研究结果填补了国内空白"一类语句来作自我评价　　二、结语主要包含的内容　　(1)本研究结果说明了什么问题，得出了什么规律性的东西，解决了什么理论或实际问题;对论文创新内容的概括，措辞要准确、严谨，不能模棱两可，含糊其辞不用"大概"、"也许"、"可能是"这类词，以免使人有似是而非的感觉，从而怀疑论文的真正价值　　(2)对前人有关问题的看法作了哪些检验，哪些与本研究结果一致，哪些不一致，作者作了哪些修正、补充、发展或否定　　(3)本研究的不足之处或遗留问题如是否存在例外情况或本论文尚难以解释或解决的问题，也可提些进一步研究本课题的建议结论段具有相对的独立性，应提供明确、具体的定性和定量的信息对要点要具体表述，不能用抽象和笼统的语言可读性要强，如一般不用量符号，而宜用量名称行文要简短，不再展开论述，不对论文中各段的小结作简单重复

你是哪个省的啊看看如果可以的话可以给你一份全面的

建筑历史论文结束语大全高中英语

Nowadays，there is a phenomenon that a plenty of history architecture relics are Some people think it is necessary to distory these history architectures because our society is developing and these buildings would stop the developement of But just as an old saying goes"every coin has two sides"We can't ignore the negative aspects of distorying the history These buildings had its history in the past and would give us a chance to know the past of our What's more，they are symbols of the civilization of our Distorying them will be just a loss of In my opinion，we can distory some useless and dangerous buildings and reserve the valuable We can't let these buildings stop our development as well as don't lose our valuable

建筑历史论文结束语大全高中英语版

结束语一般都是总结性的言论，没有什么固定的格式，以下是本人以前发表论文的结束语供您参考：5 结语本文基于作者多年使用ANSYS软件进行结构分析的经验，对应用ANSYS进行钢筋混凝土结构分析可能涉及到的基本过程进行了详细的介绍，更不乏对相关技巧的说明。但是，应该看到，不同工程有其不同特点，实际应用中必须结合具体工程的实际情况进行建模及分析，才能保证分析结果的可靠性。

关于“绿色建筑”和适宜技术“绿色建筑”也称为生态建筑、可持续建筑，最早是在1992年联合国环境与发展大会上明确地提出来的。用建设部仇保兴副部长的总结——“绿色建筑”就是指为人们提供健康、舒适、安全的居住、工作和活动的空间，同时在建筑全生命周期(物料生产、建筑规划、设计、施工、运营维护及拆除、回用过程)中实现高效率地利用资源(能源、土地、水资源、材料)、最低限度地影响环境的建筑物。可见，绿色建筑理念的提出，就是为了使得建筑在满足人类不断提高的健康、舒适、安全的需要基础上。对环境、资源影响最小，最终做到可持续发展．前提都是为了人类的永久利益。社会上有一些观点把绿色建筑看得很片面、绝对化，要不就是极端限制人的合理需求，以保护环境为唯一目的；而另一些观点就是把绿色建筑当成是仅仅是为人类的眼前利益、健康或舒适(像绿色建材、绿色蔬菜一样看待)而不怎么从整体上、长期上考虑对环境的影响。这两种观点可能都不利于“绿色建筑”的健康发展和推广。绿色建筑最终的目标是以“绿色建筑”为基础，进而扩展至“绿色社区”、 “绿色城市”层面。达到促进建筑永续发展的目标。这意味着建筑不仅被作为非生命元素来对待，更被视为自然生态循环系统的一个有机组成部分。中国的国情中国作为最大的发展中国家，二氧化碳排放居第二位，根据《京都议定书》的要求，中国要采取一系列减少温室气体排放的政策和措施，包括努力提高能源利用效率，改善能源结构，促进新能源和可再生能源的利用等。就能源消费而言，在我国化石能源资源探明储量中，90％以上是煤炭，人均储量也仅为世界平均水平的二分之一；人均石油储量仅为世界平均水平的1 1％；天然气仅为4 5％；而目前我国单位建筑面积能耗水平是发达国家的2～3倍以上。就土地的情况而言，我国人均耕地只有世界人均耕地的1／3，水资源仅是世界人均占有量的1／4；实心黏土砖每年毁田12万亩；物耗水平与发达国家相比，钢材消耗高出10％～25％，每拌和1立方米混凝土要多消耗水泥80公斤；卫生洁具的耗水量高出30％以上，而污水回用率仅为发达国家的25％。严峻的事实表明，中国不仅要走可持续发展道路，发展节能与绿色建筑也刻不容缓。我们应该认识到我国不仅经济上“穷”，在资源和环境上更“穷”，但要想做到可持续发展的目标就要摆脱狭隘的“唯经济穷论”，全面在“四节一环保”上提高标准，用强有力的税收、金融、土地政策鼓励有条件的地区或开发绿色建筑项目，走在地区、国内甚至国际的前列。同时，强制要求经济发达地区和大型城市的节约标准，提到一个和自身地区资源相符合的程度。成本问题从全国范围里来讲。绝大多数普通的民用建筑在节能等方面存在巨大的缺陷和不足，因此需要我们进行综合的设计来增加建筑这些方面的品质和性能，每一方面的改善基本上都需要增加一定的成本，比如成本增加10％以上，是必然的。就住宅而言，一说到因为“节能要增加成本”，就有许多人说会增加购房人的负担，好像以后使用过程中的使用成本对老百姓无关紧要一样。因此，我们不仅要关注建造的经济成本，更要关注今后使用中的经济成本以及生态成本和社会成本。就生态成本来讲，今天对环境的污染今后需要花费更大的代价去治理；就社会成本来说，绿色建筑由于改善了室内的环境，使人的疾病发生率大幅度下降，因为人有80％的时间是在室内活动，这样疾病发生率将会大幅度下降．寿命将会延长，生存质量也大大提高，这就是另一方面的节约；同时，在建筑数十年的使用过程中．使用成本将高于建造成本数倍以上。，因此，我们应该把注意力放在生态成本、社会成本和全寿命周期的经济成本上，况且现在的房价即使没有技术含量和“四节”，性能的提高也在不断的增加，这种价格的增加加大了房地产泡沫的可能性，因此房地产价格的理性回归应该是建立在价值的增加基础上的。我认为可以鼓励各个地方的高档住宅或其他民用建筑通过适当的高投入，带来项目的内外环境质量、提升“绿色”性能，从而提高房子的品质，以品质来支撑高于其他普通房子的价格，让这些高价房成为“绿色建筑”的榜样，以此带动地方住宅技术及产业化的发展，最终让更多的普通房子更容易实现“绿色”梦想。绿色建筑需要什么样的技术? 在探索绿色建筑的技术路线时．经常会听到一些专家主张应该采用“低技术”，有些认为应该采用“适宜技术”，还有些认为应该采用“适宜技术结合高技术”等等不同的观点，我个人认为这种争论没有意义。技术是用来解决我们所面临的具体问题的，应该根据具体项目的具体情况和实际需求来选择。更多技术选择的可能性一方面能够满足建筑师的创造需要，另一方面能够满足市场的需求。。在我们国家目前普遍技术非常落后的今天，如果不是大力去发展高新技术而一味强调低技术，只能是更落后，离我们自己的标准也会越来越远。在技术选择上，我们应该从所需要的建筑性能和全寿命周期的观点去分析、判断、计算、选择。汪光焘部长说过，要充分认识资源环境问题已成为国民经济和社会发展的重大制约因素。，我们当前在经济增长方式方面主要还存在“高投入、高消耗、高排放、不协调、难循环、低效率”的问题。这些问题如果低技术能够解决还需要拖到今天吗?高低是相对的，适宜不适宜也是相对的，如果站在国际的水平上看，我们国内有些专家认为的“高技术”早已经是“低技术”和“适宜技术”了。所以根据我们的国情，恰恰需要去大力鼓励开发绿色高新技术甚至是自主知识产权的高新技术，同时去大力鼓励使用高新技术，工程实践能促使技术的发展，使之变成适宜技术。只有这样．到2020年我们的住宅和公共建筑的能源资源消耗水平才有可能接近或达到现阶段中等发达国家的水平，这是我们国家建筑发展的总目标。总之，绿色建筑的发展建设需要正确看待卫生、安全、健康、舒适的问题和当地资源情况，目前各地的节能标准里面所假定的舒适度，前提是小康标准的，是最基本的，不能完全体现今后的发展方向。随着生活水平的提高，舒适度的标准也会提高，能源等资源的消耗也将会大幅提高。因此应该根据当地气候和生活习惯、经济水平分级，适应不同收入阶层和满足不同的需求，要有一定的前瞻性。同时，绿色建筑的设计需要将有关今后使用费用(如采暖制冷等)或能耗等定量化，要具体到单位使用者，这样有利于老百姓的选择权、知情权和监督。有了老百姓的参与，绿色建筑才会更加迅速和健康地发展。 On the "green building" and appropriate technology "Green building" also known as eco-architecture， sustainable construction， was first at the 1992 United Nations Conference on Environment and Development clearly put With the Ministry of Construction Qiu Baoxing， vice minister of the summing up - "green building" refers to provide people with healthy， comfortable， safe living， work and activities in space， while the entire life cycle in the construction (of material production， construction planning， design， construction， operational maintenance and dismantling， reuse process) to achieve efficient use of resources (energy， land， water， materials)， the minimum impact on the environment of This shows that green building concept proposed， is to allow construction to meet the ever-increasing human health， comfort， safety needs On the environment， resources， the least impact， and ultimately to achieve sustainable Premised on the permanent interests of That there are some points to green building can see that very one-sided， absolutized， or is the extreme limit of a reasonable person needs to protect the environment for the sole purpose; while others point of view is that as a green building is only for human eyes interests， health or comfort (such as green building materials， look like green vegetables) instead of how a whole， to consider the long-term impact on the These two views may not be conducive to "green building" the healthy development and The ultimate goal of green building is "green building" as the basis， and then extended to the "green communities" and "Green City" The promotion of sustainable development to achieve the goal of This means that the building not only as a non-life element to treat， but also be seen as the natural ecology of the circulatory system an integral China's national conditions As the largest developing country， ranked second in carbon dioxide emissions， according to the "Kyoto Protocol"， China should adopt a series of reducing greenhouse gas emissions policies and measures， including efforts to improve the efficiency of energy use， improve energy structure， promote the development of new and renewable sources of energy use， such On energy consumption， in China's proven reserves of fossil energy resources， 90% of which is coal， the per capita reserves are only half the world average; oil reserves per capita world average is only 1 1 percent; natural gas only 4 5%; and the current construction area of China's unit energy consumption levels in developed countries more than 2 ~ 3 On the land's case， China's per capita arable land per capita cultivated land is only the world's 1 / 3， is the world's water resources per capita is only 1 / 4; solid Clay eradication 12 million mu each year; material level with the developed countries， steel consumption has risen by 10% to 25%， every one cubic meters of concrete mixing more cement consumption of 80 kilograms; sanitary water consumption by more than 30% higher， while the wastewater reuse rate was only 25 percent in developed The grim fact that China has not only take the road of sustainable development， development of energy-saving and green building is also We should be aware that our country not only economically "poor" in terms of resources and the environment more "poor"， but in order to achieve the goal of sustainable development will be out of narrow "Only the poor economic theory"， fully in the "4 A environmental protection "to improve standards， with strong revenue， finance， land policy to encourage the development of regional or conditional green building projects in the region， domestic and even international At the same time， mandatory for economically developed areas and large cities， saving standards， referring to a region and their own resources in line with the Cost From across the country in terms The vast majority of ordinary civil construction in such areas as energy saving was greatly flawed and inadequate， so we need an integrated design to increase the quality of construction in these areas and performance improvement in every aspect of almost all the need to increase some costs， such as increase the cost of more than 10%， are inevitableResidential is concerned， I said because "energy-saving to increase the cost"， there are many people that will increase the burden on home buyers who， like later use in the process of using the cost of ordinary people as Therefore， we must not only concern the construction of the economic cost， but also concerned about the future use of the economic costs and ecological costs and social On the ecological cost is concerned， the pollution of the environment today， the future will take an even higher price to governance; on social costs， green building as a result of improved indoor environment in which the significant decline in the incidence of disease， because 80 % of the time in indoor activities， so that the incidence of disease will fall significantly． Life will be extended， which has greatly improved the quality of life， that is， on the other hand， savings; At the same time， in the construction for several decades the use of the Cost will be higher than the construction costs over several Therefore， we should focus our attention on the ecological costs， social costs and the whole life-cycle economic costs Besides， now that housing prices even in the absence of technical content and "4"， performance improvement has been an increase in such The increase in prices has increased the possibility of the real estate bubble， real estate prices is therefore rational regression should be based on the value of the increase on the basis I think we can encourage each of the local high-end residential or other civil construction through appropriate high input， internal and external environment brought about by the project quality， and enhance the "green" performance， thereby enhancing the quality of the house， to support quality higher than that of other ordinary house prices to enable thesebecome a "green building" an example to stimulate local technology and industrialization of residential development， and ultimately allow more ordinary house easier to achieve "green" Green building what kind of technology? Green Building in exploring the technical Often heard some experts advocate should adopt a "low-tech"， and some think we should adopt "appropriate technology"， and some think we should adopt "appropriate technology combines high-tech" and so on different points of view， I personally think that this argument no Technology is used to solve our specific problems faced by， and should be based on the specific circumstances of specific projects and the actual demand to More on the one hand， the possibility of technical options to meet the needs of architects to create， on the other hand to meet the needs of the In our country is now generally very backward technology today， if not vigorously to develop high-tech and low-skilled blindly emphasizes， can only be even more backward， away from our own standards will become farther and Technology choice， we should be required for building performance and life-cycle perspective to analyze， judge， calculated Wang Guangtao， minister said， should fully understand the resources and the environment has become a national economic and social development of the major Our current mode of economic growth in the main there are still "high input， high consumption， high emission， lack of coordination， difficult cycle， low-efficiency" These problems can be solved if the low-skilled today also need to drag it? Is relative low， and suitable for inappropriate relative， if the level of standing on the international point of view， our domestic and some experts believe that the "high-tech" have been "low Technology "and" appropriate technology "has Therefore， in accordance with our national conditions， it needs to vigorously encourage the development of green and even their own intellectual property rights of high-tech high-tech， at the same time to strongly encourage the use of high technology， engineering practice to promote technological development， make the appropriate Only in this By 2020， our residential and public buildings of energy resource consumption level will it be possible to approach or reach the level of moderately developed countries at this stage， this is our country's overall goal of building In short， the development of green building-building needs a correct view of health， safety， health， comfort issues and local resources， the current energy efficiency standards around the inside of the supposed comfort， the premise that a well-off standard， is the most fundamental and can not be fully reflected the future direction of With the improvement of living standards， comfort of the standards will also increase the consumption of energy and other resources will also be greatly And should therefore be based on local climate and living habits， economic level of classification， to adapt to different income groups and to meet different needs， it must be forward-At the same time， green building design needs to be used for future costs (such as heating refrigeration， ) or the quantification of energy consumption to specific units of the user， so that is conducive to people's right to choose， the right to information and With the participation of ordinary people， green building will be more rapid and healthy

建筑历史论文结束语大全高中英语作文

Foshan is located in south of daxian daxian really more than 30 kilometers in the middle of the gorge seven mountains are good at an altitude of territory， township， QuanShan 910 area approximately 3，000 mu， is a famed buddhist According to records， the qing qianlong editing practice， farmers Chiang， one side dehua practicing medicine fulfillment， called "Chiang good"， "jiang living buddhas， self-built" dehua temple " After the sun to set mansion magistrate was to ask the rightful heir， convinced that he is "spirit" and ordered a true buddhist temple， and book of expansion "foshan" engraved on temple gate， which True foshan， from the bottom of the hill to the steep， conifers， ZhuLiang eaves tightly wound up， have 1000 steps out， like the steps of straight down and a ladder for his ascent， air force， the upward side ofspicy camphor pines cypresses

敢问你是哪个学校的？以我在同济为例，百度“同济图书馆”，进数据库，有网上数据库，我一般是进万方的。大学一般都有购买这些网络资料的，好好利用。具体的建筑范围那么广，也不知道你要哪方面的。

建筑历史论文结束语范文大全高中

多彩多姿的中国传统民居折射出我国地大物博、自然条件差异显著的特点，同时，也是我国广大劳动人民改造和利用自然适应环境的生动体现。　　我国历史悠久，疆域辽阔，自然环境多种多样，社会经济环境亦不尽相同。在漫长的历史发展过程中，逐步形成了各地不同的民居建筑形式，这种传统的民居建筑深深地打上了地理环境的烙印，生动地反映了人与自然的关系。　　6建筑差异　　南北方在建筑上风格明显，各成系统，一提起南方建筑许多人立刻会想到那小巧流水的美丽画卷，江南的一些旧式建筑保留着原始气味的小镇，大多是一条小河流过，两岸都是青灰色的小房子，一顺的马头墙，青灰瓦，安安静静的，一般的居民都是从门口进去，便是一个天井旁边有一个石水槽，用来洗衣洗菜，往前边是一个厨房，很大，连餐厅都包括在内了，向左一转便是一个大楼梯，走上楼去，那里有几间卧室从楼上可以俯视天井，那里由青石板铺就，南方住宅院落很小，四周房屋连成一体，居民多使用穿斗式结构，房屋组合很灵活，山墙形式码头，用来防火，建筑多粉墙黛瓦，颜色淡雅，园林不需要很大的地盘，却能营造出仙境，其中无非是游廊，漏窗，却有对景借景等名堂。　　北方建筑多坐北朝南，通常呈现的都是大片平素的规则的庭院和宅屋，全靠大门和门楼的不同规格的制式和不同程度的修饰，已取得宅舍不同的风采，通俗的说，南方建筑像别墅，北方建筑像商品房　　北方建筑强调阳光，南方建筑强调通风，这两个字眼看似宽泛，却影响了建筑的体型设计、门窗设计和院落设计。　　北方建筑造型与立面设计强调厚重朴实，这与北方人性格有关，包括用材上，尽量选择一些砖石为主的材料。　　南方强调的是清新通透，选材多采用涂料、木结构、仿木结构等。屋内设计北方冷而干燥，把毛毯、彩染布挂在墙上，显得温馨暖和。南方则挂不出这种效果，看了会浑身燥热。北人喜欢毛皮，耐寒。南人不喜欢，灰扑扑扑的，见了就大喷嚏，容易生虫。南人喜欢竹制品，又凉快又经得起沤。　　南人睡床，北人睡炕。北人来客都往炕上请，客人留宿与主人一大家子济济一炕，南人不兴这样睡，睡不踏实。最后南床统一了北炕，至少城市是如此。　　建筑设计的不同让南北方居民成为代表中国南北方地域文化的重要代表。南方的吊脚楼，骑楼北方的四合院，胡同成为了一道道亮丽的风景线和珍贵的文化遗产。