美国文学英语论文2000总结怎么写

论《洛丽塔》中纳博科夫的现代意识 (文化冲突)The Dispiriting Incompatibility of European and American CulturesThroughout Lolita， the interactions between European and American cultures result in perpetual misunderstandings and Charlotte Haze， an American， is drawn to the sophistication and worldliness of Humbert， a E She eagerly accepts Humbert not so much because of who he is， but because she is charmed by what she sees as the glamour and intellect of Humbert’s Humbert has no such reverence for C He openly mocks the superficiality and transience of American culture， and he views Charlotte as nothing but a simple-minded However， he adores every one of Lolita’s vulgarities and chronicles every detail of his tour of America—he enjoys the possibilities for freedom along the open American He eventually admits that he has defiled the country rather than the other way Though Humbert and Lolita develop their own version of peace as they travel together， their union is clearly not based on understanding or Lolita cannot comprehend the depth of Humbert’s devotion， which he overtly links to art， history， and culture， and Humbert will never truly recognize Lolita’s unwillingness to let him sophisticate Eventually， Lolita leaves Humbert for the American Quilty， who does not bore her with high culture or grand 偶然和无常纳博科夫的《洛丽塔》中的混沌 (心里和心理学方面的混乱)The Inadequacy of PsychiatryHumbert’s passion for Lolita defies easy psychological analysis， and throughout Lolita Humbert mocks psychiatry’s tendency toward simplistic， logical In the foreword to Lolita， John Ray， J， PD， claims that Humbert’s tale will be of great interest to psychiatry， but throughout his memoir Humbert does his best to discredit the entire field of study， heaping the most scorn on Freudian For example， he enjoys lying to the psychiatrists at the He reports mockingly that Pratt， the headmistress of Lolita’s school， diagnoses Lolita as sexually immature， wholly unaware that she actually has an overly active sex life with her By undermining the authority and logic of the psychiatric field， Nabokov demands that readers view Humbert as a unique and deeply flawed human being， but not an insane Humbert further thwarts efforts of scientific categorization by constantly describing his feelings for Lolita as an enchantment or spell， closer to magic than to He tries to prove that his love is not a mental disease but an enormous， strange， and uncontrollable emotion that resists easy Nabokov himself was deeply critical of psychiatry， and Lolita is， in a way， an attack on the 以《洛丽塔》为例分析文学内在价值与社会道德规范的冲突解析《洛丽塔》中主人公的悲剧命运论《洛丽塔》的悲剧意义(这段3个主题都有相关，但是不详细)Humbert and Lolita are both exiles， and， alienated from the societies with which they are familiar， they find themselves in ambiguous moral territory where the old rules seem not to Humbert chooses exile and comes willingly from Europe to America， while Lolita is forced into exile when Charlotte She becomes detached from her familiar community of Ramsdale and goes on the road with H Together， they move constantly and belong to no single fixed The tourists Humbert and Lolita meet on the road are similarly transient， belonging to a generic America rather than to a specific In open， unfamiliar territory， Humbert and Lolita form their own set of rules， where normal sexual and familial relationships become twisted and Both Humbert and Lolita have become so disconnected from ordinary society that neither can fully recognize how morally depraved their actions Humbert cannot see his own monstrosity， and Lolita shows only occasional awareness of herself of a Though Humbert sweeps Lolita away so that they can find a measure of freedom， their exile ultimately traps Lolita is bound to Humbert because she has nowhere else to go， and though Humbert dreams of leaving America with Lolita， he eventually accepts that he will stay in America until he Though each of them undergoes one final exile， Lolita to Dick Schiller and Humbert to prison， it is clear that they are first and foremost exiled from their own selves， an exile so total that they could never return to their original places in the worlds they once Exile in L

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按照时间顺序写，分为三大部分，分别是浪漫主义时期，现实主义时期和现代时期。每个时期列举几个相应的代表性作家，浪漫主义有艾默生，霍桑，惠特曼等，现实主义有马克吐温、迪金森、德莱赛，现代时期有庞德、海明威、福克纳等，阐述一下他们的代表作品，然后总结下这一时期的总体特色，应该差不多了。

美国文学英语论文2000总结

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These perfect women characters were Charles Dickens’ This dream made him feel lost in his real It is also made these characters lack of But Charles Dickens was still one of the greatest author of critical realism

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关于美国文学的论文总结英语

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就这么一段话你要求别人写一篇毕业论文？

Published in 1847， WUTHERING HEIGHTS was not well received by the reading public， many of whom condemned it as sordid， vulgar， and unnatural--and author Emily Bronte went to her grave in 1848 believing that her only novel was a It was not until 1850， when WUTHERING HEIGHTS received a second printing with an introduction by Emily's sister Charlotte， that it attracted a wide And from that point the reputation of the book has never looked Today it is widely recognized as one of the great novels of English Even so， WUTHERING HEIGHTS continues to divide It is not a pretty love story; rather， it is swirling tale of largely unlikeable people caught up in obsessive love that turns to dark It is cruel， violent， dark and brooding， and many people find it extremely And yet--it possesses a grandeur of language and design， a sense of tremendous pity and great loss that sets it apart from virtually every other novel The novel is told in the form of an extended After a visit to his strange landlord， a newcomer to the area desires to know the history of the family--which he receives from Nelly Deans， a servant who introduces us to the Earnshaw family who once resided in the house known as Wuthering H It was once a cheerful place， but Old Earnshaw adopted a "Gipsy" child who he named H And Catherine， daughter of the house， found in him the perfect companion: wild， rude， and as proud and cruel as But although Catherine loves him， even recognizes him as her soulmate， she cannot lower herself to marry so far below her social She instead marries another， and in so doing sets in motion an obsession that will destroy them WUTHERING HEIGHTS is a bit difficult to "get into;" the opening chapters are so dark in their portrait of the end result of this obsessive love that they are somewhat off- But they feed into the flow of the work in a remarkable way， setting the stage for one of the most remarkable structures in all of literature， a story that circles upon itself in a series of repetitions as it plays out across two Catherine and Heathcliff are equally remarkable， both vicious and cruel， and yet never able to shed their impossible love no matter how brutally one may wound the As the novel coils further into alcoholism， seduction， and one of the most elaborately imagined plans of revenge it gathers into a ghostly tone: Heathcliff， driven to madness by a woman who is not there but who seems reflected in every part of his world--dragging her corpse from the grave， hearing her calling to him from the moors， escalating his brutality not for the sake of brutality but so that her memory will never fade， so that she may never leave his mind until death Yes， this is madness， insanity， and there is no peace this side of the grave or even Many people in the world are trying to find a perfect Some of these may marry and not know what their new husband or wife is This kind of situation often leads to separation or Other situations may develop between two friends that stem from jealousy， desire for revenge， uncaring parents， Emily Brontë's Wuthering Heights displays several characteristics of destructive Three of these are uncaring parents， marriage without knowing the person， and Uncaring or unsympathizing parents are shown throughout this story to be an element of destructive Because Heathcliff gained all the attention from M Earnshaw， Hindley became disassociated from his This separation continued until after M Earnshaw had Another example is between Hindley and H Hindley became such a drunk and a gambler that he could not properly care for young H This led to a separation between Hareton and his father as One primary example of an uncaring parent is shown between Heathcliff and his son LHeathcliff did not even want his son for anything except enacting a part of his This is shown by Linton's fear of Heathcliff and Heathcliff's enmity toward his Linton even says " my father threatened me， and I dread him - I dread him!"(244) to express his feeling about HThe hostility and separation between father and son in this book shows that uncaring parents can cause serious damage in relationships with their This element of destructive behavior may stem from an unhappy marriage in which the husbands or wives don't know each This had happened between Isabella and H Isabella did not really know Heathcliff when she married him， but after she had married him she saw that Heathcliff was not a gentleman at To declare her feelings she wrote "Is Heathcliff a man? If so， is he mad? And if not， is he a devil? I shan't tell my reasons for making this inquiry; but I beseech you to explain， if you can， what I have married "(125) Another example of this is when Catherine married Edgar L Although she had been happy at the beginning of the marriage， she thought having parties all the time was going to be Yet， after a while， she became She also realized that she loved Heathcliff more than Edgar and would always love HThis enlightenment created separation between Edgar and Catherine during the final hours of Cathy's An additional marriage which was made that was doomed was the one between Catherine and L Because this was a forced marriage， Cathy had not yet learned all she could about LBecause she did not know until after the marriage that Linton was selfish and inconsiderate， she became distressed and grew isolated in the These three failed marriages described in this novel show that knowing the person you will marry is very While these marriages took place， jealousy also took a hold in some One example of this is when M Earnshaw starts to favor Heathcliff over his own son， H Because of this， Hindley becomes jealous of young Heathcliff and sets out to make Heathcliff's life a Hindley's jealousy becomes evident when he says ，" be damned you beggarly interloper! and wheedle my father out of all he has; only afterwards show him what you are， imp of S"(35) Jealousy was also found very notably in the relationship between Heathcliff and Edgar L The jealousy between them is expressed when Heathcliff and Edgar start a hostile conversation after Cathy's homecoming at Christmas near the beginning of the As the story progresses these two become bitter enemies who will not speak to one Another relationship which jealousy ruined is the one between Hareton and L These two become jealous of each other over Cathy's This relationship ends as Hareton and Linton hating each These relationships show that jealousy can ruin a relationship very The housekeeper Ellen Dean， or we can call her Nelly， tells most of the She witnesses the life of the three-generations in the two She is a good storyteller but we mustn’t believe all of what she She always thinks and considers things in a simple She couldn’t understand the deep love between Catherine and H She thinks it is a kind of She is a limited In a certain way， this helps readers to understand Heathcliff better because he has no chance to defend An outsider will see the whole thing more However， we should pay more attention not to be affect by her opinions and try to find the truth between the As a main character Catherine is a She is attracted by Linton but doesn’t love She knows that clearly but she marries Linton without listening to the call of her Many critics believe that what makes her marry Linton is only his high social status and I think this comment is In fact， she folly thinks to marry Linton will help Heathcliff “to rise and place him out of my brother’s ” Her decision ruins herself， Heathcliff and the two She has to endure serious suffering because she knows clearly she love Heathcliff whole-heartedly but can’t become his She confesses to Nelly her own thoughts: “…I am Heathcliff—he’s always， always in my mind—not as a pleasure， any more than I am always a pleasure to myself—but as my own being…” She loves Heathcliff because he is more like her than His existence is natural to her for they are the same in They could understand each other without Talking about Heathcliff， he is an evil person but I admire him because his love and hate is Everyone has a devil in his The one in Heathcliff’s heart is especially In spite of this， I believe and can read between the lines that Amily Bronte also has her favor to H She wants to tell us evil and love are deeply planted in everyone’s heart and it is human

美食类论文总结语怎么写

描写美食的经典语录最新1) 明月几时有，把酒问青天;我饮不尽器，半酣味尤长;偶得酒中趣，空杯亦常持。2) 而透明墨香感受文字中的麻辣咸甜。3) 紫驼之峰出翠釜，水精之盘行素鳞;犀箸餍饫久未下，鸾刀缕切空纷纶;黄门飞鞚不动尘，御厨络绎送八珍。4) 看着那香喷喷的饭菜，特别是那条鱼，早让我口舌生津。“开饭了”，妈妈说。我眼疾手快，筷子专门往肉多的地方夹去。5) 不一会儿，一大锅的酸菜鱼就被我们一家人给抢个所剩无几。6) 西瓜不但瓜肉好吃，瓜皮也好吃，去掉绿皮，剩下白色的部分，把它切成一块一块的再炒，真是一道美味的小菜。7) 能吃者得到一份暖胃的享受。8) 一打开盖子，一股浓浓的鱼香扑鼻而来，勾起了肚子里的谗虫。就酸光闻不吃，也能把人给谗倒，令人胃口大开!9) 世人个个学长年，不悟长年在目前。我得宛丘(仙人名)平易法，只将食粥致神仙。10) 西瓜的品种也很多，有甜津津的无籽瓜;有瓜皮特别脆的爆炸瓜;有水分特多的水蜜瓜;还有小巧玲珑的凤瓜。11) 霜余蔬甲淡中甜，春近录苗嫩不蔹采掇归来便堪煮，半铢盐酪不须添。12) 把火生起来，开锅后，鱼肉和豆芽加上汤汁的香味就溢了出来，让人想马上夹一块来吃，但现在还不行，汤汁还没有完全浸到肉里，等到完全浸进去了，夹一块鱼肉吃到嘴里，又嫩又香，那感觉真是让你一下爽到脚趾头啊!13) 臭豆腐干是"热情好客的"，她总是把浓郁的烈性的香味弥漫在周围的空气中，让人为谋其面，先文其香。14) 我根本无法形容这种鱼有多美味，好吃的我都快哭了。15) 夜雨剪春韭，新炊间黄梁。16) 烤红薯焦糊糊的，周身满是草灰，嗅一嗅，香喷的气味马上会进入你的五脏六腑，令你"口水直流三千尺"。

喧嚣的都市生活总是快节奏的让我们喘不过气来，年轻的心有时也希望找一个安静的地方，让生活慢下来，约上三五好友去到燃犀馆是不错的选择，复古的装修一下会把时光拉回自己小的时候，手动转台的电视机，还有上发条的时钟，还有很多记忆的东西一下子可以在店里全部找到，最厉害的就是做一个生活的有心人，燃犀馆给了吃货们一个难得聊天休息放松的好地方，当然，除了氛围营造的很好外，美食也是不可或缺的，主打的各种饮品小点，还有主食，都让去过的人难以忘怀，印象最深的还是卤肉饭，真是符合赣州人的口味，咸辣适中，分量刚好，让你吃个意犹未尽…配上好喝的饮品，可能一个下午的悠闲时光就可以如此度过。其实有时候觉得在赣州挺好，不用担心吃不到其他地方的美食，赣州吃货们能够尽量多的包容来自全国各地的各种不同味道，三顾冒菜的美味，在成都已经有许多人领略过，赣州还是初次可以体验，一锅端的霸气可见成都人的热情好客和对美食的热爱，所有食材都在锅里，经过各种工序的操作，你会发现它真的就是神一般的存在，让你欲罢不能，想要去发现锅中所有的食材，到底是花菜好吃，还是香菇吸味，到底是肉丸Q弹，还是毛肚微脆，其实只有当你全部吃完，才能领略各种滋味，这就像人生，各种人活在一个“锅”里，每一种人我们都要去“尝试”，当你接触过之后，才知道哪种人是你的最爱，以至于可以和“他”快乐的做朋友…

饮食文化论文　　人生在世，吃穿二事，很早我们就知道了这句话。人虽然作为高级动物，但仍需要与普通动物一样：“吃”。所以，零零总总令人眼花缭乱的各类美食也孕育而生，从古至今，长盛不衰。饮食行业也成为三百六十行常展长新的行当，而饮食业也形成了自己的独特的文化，说的更直接些就是一种“吃”的文化。　　中国有着5000年的悠久历史，中国有着灿烂丰富、博大精深的饮食文化；中国人注重“天人合一”，中餐以食表意、以物传情的特点。所以也就使得中国传统的饮食美食都“食出有门”如中华饮食文化理论奠基人??孔子的《论语》中就有关于饮食“二不厌、三适度、十不食”的论述。直至两千年后的今日，仍具有极高的理论指导性。中华茶道始主??陆羽认为茶道在中华饮食文化中的地位几乎与酒等量齐观，他曾遍访名茶产区荐评品第，又精研泉水，次第品级。中华食文化之圣??袁枚其《随园食单》经历五十年才写成，成为中华饮食史上光前裕后之作，也有中华饮食文化“食经”的美誉。还有以味道治国的大臣??伊尹将饮食的“色、香、味、形”与治国相融合，所以就有了 “治国若烹小鲜”之说。　　由此，这就形成了我们传统的饮食有“四重”的特点：　　1、重食：古人就有：“民以食为天”之说，见面常问“吃过没有？”足见饮食文化的地位。　　2、重养：以“五谷”养“六脏”，饮食中重视人体养生保健。　　3、重味：中华饮食最注意食物的味，讲究“色、香、味、型”。各种味道差异构成各种菜系的基础。　　4、重理：注意各种食物的搭配，以相生相克、相辅相成等阴阳调和之理性认识指导烹饪。　　正是由于中华饮食讲究料、作、食等等的精细，内容丰富且博大精深，民族特色鲜明，既兼容又特别，从古到今，历代相传又推陈出新。　　不同的饮食习惯造就了不同的饮食文化。中国人大而全的一贯作风，吃饭时自然是七大盘、八大碗，一是显示了富足，二是摆足了排场；近而各地比吃、全国争雄，最终形成了八大菜系，也就是吃方面八个不同的“高手”；说得虽有些低俗，但还是很能传情达意的。　　因此，中华饮食文化就其深层内涵，可以简单概括成八个字：精致、悦目、坠情、礼数。这八个字，反映了饮食活动过程中饮食品质、审美体验、情感活动、社会功能等所包含的独特文化意蕴，也反映了饮食文化与中华优秀传统文化的密切联系。　　精致；我们在得意时都喜欢在酒馆、餐厅里点几个精致小菜，或自己做几个精致小菜来犒赏自己与亲戚友人，而这时就需要吃出一种气氛、品位甚至是文化来。饮食既然作为一种文化，一种“吃”的文化，精品意识作为一种文化精神，却越来越广泛、越来越深入地渗透、贯彻到整个饮食活动过程中。选料、烹调、配伍乃至饮食环境，都体现着 “精致”。尤其是现在非常注重个人身体保健的现代社会，更是要求我们的饮食向精致化发展，使饮食中融入文化，透出文化，从而“吃”出文化来，避免和摒弃那种“过之屠门而大嚼”不雅行为和有损健康的不良习惯。　　悦目；这是将“吃”的文化与内涵进行升华的高级阶段，体现了饮食文化的审美特征。中华饮食之所以能够征服世界，重要原因之一，就在于它美，它令食者有“三月不知肉味”的同时，更令人拍案叫绝和赏心悦目。这种悦目，是指中国饮食活动形式与内容的完美统一，是指它给人们所带来的审美愉悦和精神享受，首先是味道美。孙中山先生讲“辨味不精，则烹调之术不妙”，将对“味”的审美视作烹调的第一要义。　　令人悦目的美味佳肴作为饮食文化的一个基本内涵，它是中华饮食的魅力之所在，悦目贯穿在饮食活动过程的每一个环节中。　　坠情；这是对中华饮食文化社会心理功能的概括。因为菜系和饮食中蕴藏着各种感情在其中。做的人付出心血和真情用心去做，而吃者更是品味到自己喜欢的饮食则抱着的是一种感激与赞赏。吃吃喝喝，不能简单视之，它实际上是人与人之间情感交流的媒介，是一种别开生面的社交活动。一边吃饭，一边聊天，可以做生意、交流信息、采访。朋友离合，送往迎来，人们都习惯于在饭桌上表达惜别或欢迎的心情，感情上的风波，人们也往往借酒菜平息。这是饮食活动对于社会心理的调节功能。过去的茶馆，大家坐下来喝茶、听书、摆龙门阵或者发泄对朝廷的不满，实在是一种极好的心理按摩。　　中华饮食之所以具有“抒情”功能，是因为“饮德食和、万邦同乐”的哲学思想和由此而出现的具有民族特点的饮食方式。对于饮食活动中的情感文化，有个引导和提升品位的问题。我们要提倡健康优美、奋发向上的文化情调，追求一种高尚的情操。　　礼数；是指饮食活动的礼仪性。中国是礼仪之邦，而这种礼仪与礼数也渗透到了饮食当中。而饮食讲究“礼数”，这与我们的传统文化有很大关系。生老病死、送往迎来、祭神敬祖都是礼。《礼记?礼运》中说：“夫礼之初，始诸饮食。“礼数”中也讲究着一种秩序和规范，比如在重要场合坐席的方向、箸匙的排列、上菜的次序、有些菜的象征、来历等等都体现着“礼数”。　　我们谈“礼数”，更应把它理解成一种精神，一种内在的伦理精神，这种精神，贯穿在饮食活动过程中，从而构成中国饮食文明的逻辑起点。　　饮食中的精致、悦目、坠情、礼数分别从不同的角度概括了中华饮食文化的基本内涵，换言之，这四个方面有机地构成了中华饮食文化这个整体概念。但是，它们不是孤立地存在，而是相互依存、互为因果的，四者环环相生、完美统一，便形成中华饮食文化的最高境界。而中华饮食也是中华民族从古至今用嘴“吃”出来了一种文化，一种浓厚的中华饮食文化，这种文化已经得以前仆后继的不断弘扬，已经影响到了我们自己和身边，影响到了全世界的饮食行业。

中国的美食文化渊源流长，中国的烹饪，是世界上独一无二的，在中国的各个地方都能吃上各式各样的风味大餐和小吃。尤其是我国少数民族居多，在不同的民族中有不同的饮食文化，风味特色。如果你有幸能到各个少数民族中吃上一番，真可谓永世难忘呀！

英语学科论文总结怎么写

毕业季，很多同学们都很忙。有的忙着各种招聘考试，有的忙着投简历面试，有的忙着研究生的复试，还有公务员面试。但是正当此时，大家还有一个重要的任务就是写毕业论文，尤其是英语专业的同学。因为英语专业的同学还要备战三月份的八级考试，一般院校都是三月交开题报告，四月份交一稿，二稿，三稿，甚至更多（这个要取决于你的导师），然后五月份要论文检测后交定稿，最后在五月底六月初的时候进行论文答辩。下面学术堂就给大家详细的讲解一下英语专业本科毕业论文怎么写？　　一、选题　　一般来讲，选题一下子是很难确定的。比较容易的做法是先选一个总的课题，然后围绕总题找材料阅读、思考，最后确定哪一个方面或哪些方面可以在论文中加以运用和发挥。比如，你对语音很有兴趣若选“On English Phonetics”，题目就太大了，不如选“On Teaching English Phonetics in M iddle School”，因为这个题目范围小，直接与你从事的英语课堂语音教学联系起来，比较切合实际，写起来也比较顺手。同时师范院校的毕业生通过中学教学实习多少都有某些实践和体会，写起来就更容易一些。在选题方面，以下几点可供参考：　　（1）题目要富有意义，要有严肃性。　　论文写作是一项严肃的学术研究。你的分析要有一定深度和创见，其目的是要让读者从中思考并获得新的信息。题目没有意义和严肃性，其论文必然不会有多大学术价值。　　（2）要结合个人特长和研究能力。　　比如，你对语言学和词汇学都有兴趣，但你更喜欢词汇学，并且平时阅读和积累这方面的材料也很多，可以说是你的专长；那你最好选这方面的内容去写。因此，要根据个人的特长和能力选择符合个人实际的题目去写。　　（3）要结合个人手头的资料选题。　　论文中所表达的观点和论点一般是以资料研究为基础的。如手头仅有一、两本书或几篇文章，就想从中得出令人信服的结论，这是不可能的；即使得出结论，这样的论文也是没有多大说服力的，结论是站不住脚的，因为你手头的资料太少，不足为证。　　（4）要注意客观性。　　题目的选择要竭力避免个人主观性。有些题目往往反映了作者的个人偏见。比如，这种题目： “Which Was the Creater Writer，Mark Twain or Hemingwei?”就不太合适了，因为你的结论不是 “Mark Twain”，就是“Hemingwei”这样容易产生个人主观臆断。我们不妨改为“A Comparison of Themes in Mark Twain' s and Hemingwei' s Works”较妥。　　（5）要有利于得出合理的结论。　　若选“On English Teach ing inM iddle School”是很难得出比较合理的结论。题目太大，无法深入研究，应设法限制课题范围，找到研究焦点。比如，“On the Teaching of English Phonetics”，太笼统、太广，我们可以缩小范围： “On the Teaching of English Phonetics in Middle School”这个题目还可以再缩小：“On the Teaching of EnglishPhonetics in Junior High School”这样就把题目限制到最小范围，从而容易得出个人的结论。　　二、开题报告　　1、开题报告的写作很讲究，如果你开题报告确定了，那么就可以开始写正文了。开题报告包括5部分：Title（题目），background（国内外研究现状），influence（选题目的和意义），Thesis statement（主题），Outline（提纲），Bibliography（参考文献）。　　2、首先，要给自己的论文拟定一个标题，然后给这个标题构思一个主题（Thesis statement），也就是整篇论文到底在讲什么，要论述什么。接着，构思自己文章的大致框架，也就是提纲（Outline）。这一步至关重要，能否列好提高决定着你之后的论文的写作。所以一定要仔细认真地对待。最后的就是参考文献（Bibliography），这个就需要你把之前所搜集的资料都翻出来，筛选出你所需要的。一般参考文献不要超过10个，而且最好是中英文参考文献都要有。参考文献具体的格式这里就不赘述了，具体参考百度百度或学校发的“学士学位毕业论文指导”　　三、正文（重点）　　1、开题报告确定之后，就要开始论文正文部分的写作了。开始写正文之前还有一个小插曲，那就是摘要部分的写作。摘要部分真的很重要。这个要反复修改润色之后才可以通过，因为导师主要看你的摘要，摘要要写的短而精，意思就是让你用最简明扼要的话把整篇论文的主题和内容给概括一下，达到让人一目了然的效果。　　2、讲了那么多前奏性的东西，现在终于开始正文部分的写作了。那么正文写作有什么小技巧吗？答案是肯定的。首先介绍一款非常写论文必备的工具，“有道词典”PC版，接下来教你怎么用它来完成论文的写作。首先，我们已经准备好了各种资料，大多数资料都是电子期刊杂志，基本它们的格式都是 PDF，要求电脑支持PDF格式，有一部分是CAJ的，但仍然不影响咱们使用它。我们要做的是把你所需要的内容（中文）复制粘贴到有道词典的在线翻译一栏，点击之后就翻译好了。别急，有道是机器翻译难免会有很多错误，但是机器翻译有一个优点就是选词很好。这样以来，稍微语法基础好点的同学就可以对翻译结果进行润色修改，然后粘贴到你所需要的地方就可以了。另一方面，如果你遇到自己不会写的单词直接用有道词典搜索一下即可。当然为了求得用词精准，最好把例句看一下，有时搜不到的词，在例句里会有更好的翻译。　　3、英语论文写作对原创性有一定的要求，一般是直接引用的内容不得超过30%，这就要动用童鞋们脑袋来修改原文了，比如说你要引用书中的一段文字。你就可以把它复制粘贴到记事本里，然后开始修改，也就是P修改原句的技巧是“尽量用自己的话概括愿意”，切忌出现换汤不换药的现象，也就是把原文中的几个词给换了。我写论文大部分是PARAPHRASE的，因为这样很省时间，论文检测的时候也容易通过。　　4、查英语资料怎么能少了“维基百科”呢，因为维基是外国的网站，有很多语言的版本，如果你需要查询什么资料，直接输入关键词，然后选择语言为“English”，然后就可以把你需要的内容复制粘贴到记事本，稍作修改即可。千万不要直接粘贴复制别人的东西，这要会被人认为抄袭，盗窃。严重点可能会遭到投诉，特别是东拼西凑别人论文的内容。　　5、写文学论文如果使用一定的方法就更简单了。但是很多童鞋都没学过，有些考过研究生的可能读过一些相关书籍，那最好不过了。不过，你可以上网搜一些简单的文学批评方法，我当时用的是：原型批评理论。加上这个理论，再结合自己论文的内容，稍作补充，又可以增加2000多词。　　6、学会充分利用“sparknotes”这个网站，因为上面有很多文学评论之类的，具体到对某个作品的分析评论。还有作品分部分介绍，可以更好地帮你把握文章的主题。除此之外还有很多的学科的资料。　　7、为防止导师让你写二稿三稿，最好在交稿前多审阅几遍，让自己的同学或室友帮忙看一下语法语句错误。因为自己连续几天对着电脑，几千字的英文实在看不下去了。然后，再用office自带的纠错功能检查一下语法语句以及大小写，单词拼写能错误。这样反复两次修改之后，基本上都能一次性通过。　　四、注意事项　　论文结构一般包括以下部分：（1）题目，（2）摘要（或前言），（3）提纲，（4）正文，（ 5）结尾，（6）注释和文献目录。　　原则上少用直接引语。不用直接引语的论文也是有的，但通常直接引语是需要的。（1）如果选题是文学方面的，必然要涉及原作者的文体。这就要求对作品中某些篇章进行分析，势必要引用原文。　　凡引用原作者的证据或观点都必须加角注（或补注）说明出处。如果用间接引语陈述可以不加。角注主要是用来说明新的论据和观点的出处，否则会被认为是剽窃。　　文献目录指论文中使用信息资料的书目、文章和其他出版物的细目。有两种：工作文献目录和最后目录。工作目录是一套卡片，在上面列出有用的资料；最后目录是论文完成后要准备的参考书目，也是写论文时实际要用的资料目录，因为你不可能预知哪些书或文章包含对你有用的信息，你得为每种资料准备文献目录卡、阅读对可能舍去哪些无用的资料卡。

一般要求都是英文的，没有办法。要努力了。主要是和导师沟通。