关于印度经济的论文摘要怎么写的高中

关于印度经济的论文摘要怎么写的高中

叫姐姐撒··姐姐帮伱哈

中国人类发展指数全球第86名，印度第130名(直接反应发展程度)，中国护照含金量全球第72名，印度第79名(从侧面反映人民富裕程度和国家国际影响力)

你写社会主义市场经济的理念要求这一题目自己设想一下这一理念要求都有什么，你自己认为的，写几方面就是论文了

一般论文的结构都是一样的~重要的是你打算怎么写~写什么~，你的思路是啥样的，这样~你可以去参考下（世界经济探索），下载些文献~找下自己的写作思路

关于印度经济的论文摘要怎么写的

冷战时期印美关系研究 在线阅读　整本下载　分章下载　分页下载 【英文题名】A Study on the India-US Relations in the Cold War【作者】陶莹;【导师】刘德斌;【学位授予单位】吉林大学;【学科专业名称】世界史【学位年度】2008【论文级别】博士【网络出版投稿人】吉林大学；陶莹【网络出版投稿时间】2008-10-20【关键词】印度; 美国; 冷战;【中文摘要】印度和美国的关系与我国的外交及安全息息相关。二战后的半个世纪，美苏两个超级大国一直在包括南亚地区在内的第三世界地区进行对抗和争夺。由于地缘关系，美苏特别是美国与印巴的关系对中国和印度、巴基斯坦、美国、苏联的关系影响很大。随着冷战的结束和南亚各国，尤其是印度政治经济的发展，世界各国更加重视印美之间的关系。本文从印度独立后外交政策的形成与发展变化入手，在马克思主义理论的指导下，综合运用各种已有材料，对冷战时期印度与美国的关系进行考察和研究。 冷战时期的印美关系一直在友好与淡漠之间徘徊，在冷战的大背景下呈现出一种非结盟却并不完全交恶的状态。印美关系是冷战“中心一外围”关系的典型案例，正是印美两国基于各自国家利益所采取的外交政策导致双方在四十多年时间里的微妙关系。对于印度而言，冷战时期的对美关系一直是其外交政策中的重点之一。在印美关系中，印度追求与美国的对等状态，并力图排除大国在南亚的介入。对于美国而言，印度在美国全球战略中的地位和作用具有明显的间歇性，因此，美国对印政策的典型模式是“干预—退出”，缺乏连贯性和长远性。总之，冷战时期，影响印美关系疏远或改善的因素是多方面的，正是这些因素的相互作用导致【英文摘要】The relationship between India and America is closely associated with the diplomacy of our During the half-century after the World War II， the two superpowers， USA and USSR， had been confronting and contesting with each other in the "Third World Region" which included South Asian R Considering the regional matter， the relations between USA and USSR， especially the relations between USA and India & Pakistan， can be a great influence on the relations between China and India， Pakistan， USA【DOI】CNKI:CDMD:128942【更新日期】2008-11-11

中国人类发展指数全球第86名，印度第130名(直接反应发展程度)，中国护照含金量全球第72名，印度第79名(从侧面反映人民富裕程度和国家国际影响力)

根据学术堂的了解，论文的摘要是在整篇论文中是作为一个独立文体存在的论文摘要主要表述论文课题研究和学习的方法，研究体系，研究过程中有何重大发现，重要问题的发现与解决等用相对简单明确扼要的词句对论文全篇内容加以概括　　论文摘要撰写时，要注意几个要点一是要用精准的的关键词描述出你此次研究的目的是什么，指示出这次研究课题所涉及的研究范围与研究结果的重要性;二是简单扼要的表述一下此次将研究项目的设计理念，是如何通过基本的课题设计得到其结果的;三是简单的总结出此次研究的结果，比如此次研究有哪方面的突出贡献，有什么新的研究发现，罗列出准确的研究数据并指出其学术价值等等　　前面说了，论文摘要是一个独立的文体，要有单独写作思想，摘要单独拿出来可以着重的反映出作者研究的重点在哪，让读者不用通读论文就能明白你的研究方向摘要应做到客观事实，不能夹杂空谈评论，没有任何的自我表扬或自我批评(摘要不用自我发扬风格，想要发扬风格或自恋一番在论文结尾写)切记不要用词含糊不清，没有重点，有模棱两可的观点现象出现，让读者读完摘要不知道你要研究的是什么　　还有一点要注意，论文的摘要要用第三人称的格式来撰写，不能用第一第二人称来写摘要是站在第三方立场对论文内容做出结构严谨，语义精确，简明扼要的总结，着重突出作者研究重点如果出现第一或第二人称的陈述主语势必会影响到论文摘要表述的客观性，严谨性

题记】简单的来讲，论文摘要就是整篇文章和浓缩预览，它被排放在论文的首要位置。论文摘要是文章的灵魂，很多老师审稿时没有时间查看论文正文内容，往往是通过文章的摘要了解论文的研究内容及研究层次，因此，写好论文摘要无比重要，今天小编给大家带来非常简单的论文摘要写作方法，让你一分钟看懂哦！摘要主要要包括论文的六个要素，即： 题目 目的 方法 结果 结论 关键字提示各位同学，上面6个要素，缺一不可，一篇好的论文全看摘要文字的浓缩水平，切记，切记！一般学术期刊小论文和本科毕业论文的摘要字数控制在300字以内，硕士和博士的毕业论文摘要控制在1000字以内。提示各位同学，摘要文字切莫冗繁拖沓，直抒胸臆即可，千万不能为了凑字数而是降低整篇文章的层次，比喻一下，整篇论文是一个人的话，摘要就是人的脸面，可千万不能打脸哦！有论文需要的童鞋关注公众号哲匠文案设计

关于印度经济的论文摘要英文版高中

Macroeconomics is a sub-field of economics that examines the behavior of the economy as a whole， once all of the individual economic decisions of companies and industries have been Economy-wide phenomena considered by macroeconomics include Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and how it is affected by changes in unemployment， national income， rate of growth， and price In contrast， microeconomics is the study of the economic behaviour and decision-making of individual consumers， firms， and Macroeconomics can be used to analyze how to influence government policy goals such as economic growth， price stability， full employment and the attainment of a sustainable balance of Macroeconomics is sometimes used to refer to a general approach to economic reasoning， which includes long term strategies and rational expectations in aggregate Until the 1930s most economic analysis did not separate out individual economics behavior from aggregate With the Great Depression of the 1930s， suffered throughout the developed world at the time， and the development of the concept of national income and product statistics， the field of macroeconomics began to Particularly influential were the ideas of John Maynard Keynes， who formulated theories to try to explain the Great D Before that time， comprehensive national accounts， as we know them today， did not exist One of the challenges of economics has been a struggle to reconcile macroeconomic and microeconomic Starting in the 1950s， macroeconomists developed micro-based models of macroeconomic behavior (such as the consumption function) Dutch economist Jan Tinbergen developed the first comprehensive national macroeconomic model， which he first built for the Netherlands and later applied to the United States and the United Kingdom after World War II The first global macroeconomic model， Wharton Econometric Forecasting Associates LINK project， was initiated by Lawrence Klein and was mentioned in his citation for the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics in Theorists such as Robert Lucas Jr suggested (in the 1970s) that at least some traditional Keynesian (after British economist John Maynard Keynes) macroeconomic models were questionable as they were not derived from assumptions about individual behavior， although it was not clear whether the failures were in microeconomic assumptions or in macroeconomic However， New Keynesian macroeconomics has generally presented microeconomic models to shore up their macroeconomic theorizing， and some Keynesians have contested the idea that microeconomic foundations are essential， if the model is analytically An analogy might be that the fact that quantum phisics is not fully consistent with relativity theory doesn´t mean that realtivity is Many important microeconomic assumptions have never been proved， and some have proved The various schools of thought are not always in direct competition with one another - even though they sometimes reach differing Macroeconomics is an ever evolving area of The goal of economic research is not to be "right，" but rather to be It is likely that none of the current schools of economic thought perfectly capture the workings of the They do， however， each contribute a small piece of the overall As one learns more about each school of thought， it is possible to combine aspects of each in order to reach an informed The traditional distinction is between two different approaches to economics: Keynesian economics， focusing on demand; and supply-side (or neo-classical) economics， focusing on Neither view is typically endorsed to the complete exclusion of the other， but most schools do tend clearly to emphasize one or the other as a theoretical • Keynesian economics focuses on aggregate demand to explain levels of unemployment and the business That is， business cycle fluctuations should be reduced through fiscal policy (the government spends more or less depending on the situation) and monetary Early Keynesian macroeconomics was "activist，" calling for regular use of policy to stabilize the capitalist economy， while some Keynesians called for the use of incomes • Supply-side economics delineates quite clearly the roles of monetary policy and fiscal The focus for monetary policy should be purely on the price of money as determined by the supply of money and the demand for It advocates a monetary policy that directly targets the value of money and does not target interest rates at Typically the value of money is measured by reference to gold or some other The focus of fiscal policy is to raise revenue for worthy government investments with a clear recognition of the impact that taxation has on domestic It places heavy emphasis on Say's law， which states that recessions do not occur because of failure in demand or lack of • Monetarism， led by Milton Friedman， which holds that inflation is always and everywhere a monetary It rejects fiscal policy because it leads to "crowding out" of the private Further， it does not wish to combat inflation or deflation by means of active demand management as in Keynesian economics， but by means of monetary policy rules， such as keeping the rate of growth of the money supply constant over • New Keynesian economics， which developed partly in response to new classical economics， strives to provide microeconomic foundations to Keynesian economics by showing how imperfect markets can justify demand • Austrian economics is a laissez-faire school of It focuses on the business cycle that arises from government or central-bank interference that leads to deviations from the natural rate of • Post-Keynesian economics represents a dissent from mainstream Keynesian economics， emphasizing the role of uncertainty and the historical process in • New classical The original theoretical impetus was the charge that Keynesian economics lacks microeconomic foundations -- its assertions are not founded in basic economic This school emerged during the This school asserts that it does not make sense to claim that the economy at any time might be "out-of-equilibrium" Fluctuations in aggregate variables follow from the individuals in the society continuously re-optimizing as new information on the state of the world is Later yielded an explicit school which argued that macro-economics does not have micro-economic foundations， but is instead the tool of studying economic systems at 宏观经济学是一种分场经济学的行为，研究是在整个经济中，一旦所有的个人的经济决策，为公司和产业被。宏观经济学认为经济现象包括国内生产总值(GDP)以及它是如何变化影响失业的国民收入的)经济成长率、价格水平。相反，微观经济学研究的就是经济行为和决策的个体消费者，公司和行业。宏观经济学可以用来分析如何影响政府的政策的目标，比如经济增长，价格稳定，充分就业和获取可持续国际收支差额。宏观经济学有时用来指一个经济理论的主要途径，包括长期战略的期望和理性综合行为。直到30年代为止，大部分的经济分析没有独立的个人经济综合行为举止。与1930年代的经济大萧条，遭受了在所有发达国家，发展国民收入的概念和产品的统计数据，但是研究领域的宏观经济学开始扩展。具有特殊影响力的想法是，约翰•梅纳德凯恩斯理论，努力向他们解释制定了经济大萧条。在那时候，综合国民经济核算，如同我们知道他们今天，是不存在的。经济学的一个挑战是一场斗争调和宏观经济政策和微观经济政策，模型。开始于20世纪50年代，macroeconomists发达micro-based模型的宏观经济行为(如消费函数)。1月Tinbergen荷兰经济学家第一个全面发展国家宏观经济模型，该模型他第一次建成为荷兰和后应用于美国和英国二战之后。第一个全球宏观经济模型，沃顿计量预测伙伴联系工程项目，发生在劳伦斯发起克莱恩和被提及他的嘉奖经济学诺贝尔经济学奖1980年。理论家如罗伯特·卢卡斯认为(是在上世纪70年代)，认为至少有一些传统的凯恩斯(英国经济学家约翰梅纳德凯恩斯)宏观经济模型都是可疑的，因为他们不是来源于假设的个人行为，虽然现在还不清楚这些失败在微观经济的假定，或是对宏观经济模型。然而，最新凯恩斯主义的宏观微观模型提出了大致以支持他们的宏观经济理论有争议，一些凯恩斯主义者的想法，微观经济基础是必要的，如果模型是分析有用的。打个比方可能是，这样的事实，即量子phisics并不完全符合相对论´，并不代表没有realtivity是假的。许多重要的微观经济假设从来没有被证明，而有些人的证明是错误的。各种各样的思想学派并不总是在彼此的直接竞争，尽管他们有时会达到不同的结论。宏观经济学是一种前所未有的领域的研究。研究经济学的目标不是"正确"，而是是精确的。很有可能是学校目前尚无一个经济思想完全捕捉运作方式的经济。不过，他们的贡献每一小块整体难题。当你学会更多关于每个思想学派，它能把方面的每一个为了达到一个通知的合成。传统的区别是留给经济学两种不同的方法，重点凯恩斯经济学和供方需求;(或古典)经济学、关注供应。也都是典型的观点完全排除其他，但大多数学校都往往清晰地强调一个或另一个是的理论基础。•凯恩斯经济学交融在总需求，以解释失业率和商业周期。商业周期波动，应减少通过财政政策(政府花费或多或少根据实际情况)和货币政策。早期凯恩斯主义的宏观经济学是“活动家，定期使用《召唤的政策稳定资本主义经济，虽然有些凯恩斯主义要求使用收入政策。•供给的经济学的作用很明显地在当前货币政策与财政政策。关注于货币政策应该是完全对价格的钱所确定的货币供应的需求的特点，为了金钱。它提倡货币政策，直接目标钱的价值，不目标利率。典型的钱的价值在于用参考金或其他参考。财政政策的重点是提高政府农业投资价值的收入为一个明确的认识税收的影响在国内贸易。它设置了过度强调了说的法律，它表明不会发生经济衰退需求下降、因为没有缺钱。•货币主义的带领下，由弗里德曼，认为始终通货膨胀是一种货币现象。财政政策拒绝，因为会导致“挤退”的私人生活。此外，它不希望对抗通货膨胀或通货紧缩采用主动需求管理在凯恩斯经济学，通过货币政策规则，即坚持的增长速度恒定的钱。凯恩斯•新经济发达的部分原因是为了适应新古典经济学、致力于提供凯恩斯现代经济学的微观经济基础显示出了市场的不完善就能名正言顺的需求管理等。•奥地利经济学是个自由放任主义的学校的宏观经济。它侧重于商业周期，而政府或中央银行的干扰导致偏离自然失业率的兴趣。•Post-Keynesian经济学所代表了凯恩斯经济学主流的作用，强调历史过程中不确定性和宏观经济。•新古典经济学。原理论动力的费用是凯恩斯经济学缺乏有效的微观经济基础——亦即其断言不成立于基本经济理论。这所学校出现在20世纪70年代。这所学校断言它是没有道理的主张经济会随时out-of-equilibrium”。波动的总变量遵从的在这个社会的个人不断re-optimizing新信息的状态的世界就会显现出来。后来取得了一个显式学校一样，认为宏观经济学没有微观经济基础，反而学习经济系统的工具在平衡。

叫姐姐撒··姐姐帮伱哈

Indian Economy Overview: India's diverse economy encompasses traditional village farming， modern agriculture， handicrafts， a wide range of modern industries， and a multitude of Services are the major source of economic growth， accounting for more than half of India's output with less than one third of its labor Slightly more than half of the work force is in agriculture， leading the United Progressive Alliance (UPA) government to articulate a rural economic development program that includes creating basic infrastructure to improve the lives of the rural poor and boost economic The government has reduced controls on foreign trade and Higher limits on foreign direct investment were permitted in a few key sectors， such as However， tariff spikes in sensitive categories， including agriculture， and incremental progress on economic reforms still hinder foreign access to India's vast and growing Privatization of government-owned industries remains stalled and continues to generate political debate; populist pressure from within the UPA government had restrained needed The economy has posted an average growth rate of more than 7% in the decade since 1997， reducing poverty by about 10 percentage India achieved 5% GDP growth in 2006， 0% in 2007， and 3% in 2008， significantly expanding manufactures through late India also is capitalizing on its large numbers of well-educated people skilled in the English language to become a major exporter of software services and software Strong growth combined with easy consumer credit， a real estate boom， and fast-rising commodity prices fueled inflation concerns from mid-2006 to August Rising tax revenues from better tax administration and economic expansion helped New Delhi make progress in reducing its fiscal deficit for three straight years before skyrocketing global commodity prices more than doubled the cost of government energy and fertilizer The ballooning subsidies， amidst slowing growth， brought the return of a large fiscal deficit in In the long run， the huge and growing population is the fundamental social， economic， and environmental

关于印度经济的论文摘要英文怎么写

非常抱歉，我翻译不准………………

Turn of the century time， puts China and India to compares together， becomes the global discussion a hot topic of US "Diplomacy" the magazine in 2006 7/in August number title page report is "India Rises"， altogether has four articles， three discuss India to rise to the global strategy influence， first "the Indian Pattern" discusses India to pass the basic way which more than 20 years economy In the history， China and India are world one of four big ancient Today， China and India still quite were similar in very many talents: Large population， the national territory area is vast: Both countries are more importantly one of 21st century development speed quickest developing Also because of this， both countries have the very strong At the same time， China and India in develop in the economical process， faced with very many similar questions， but Indian and China's solution way actually entirely different， but this huge disparity meant has the general spaces which many may profit from and study Since the 20th century mid and late parts， the China and India foreign trade all obtained the quick development， but the trade pattern has the very big disparity This article attempts through comparative analysis China and the Indian trade pattern similarities and differences， makes every effort to excavate our country foreign trade pattern to be possible to promote the space， explores our country's road of international trade powerful

Strategy for the implementation of a free trade zone in 2007， the 17th session of China's National People's Congress the first time to write a report on the work of the General A With the South Asian region in recent years the continuous development of economic and strategic position in South Asia continues to rise， and South Asian countries， especially India， one of the largest countries to cooperate more and more attention by the C The mid-1990s， China and India the tenth largest exporter to India in 2005 for the third-largest China and India as the world's two largest developing countries， China and India has started the feasibility study on a free trade As the world's two largest developing countries， China and India's economic integration organizations to follow the tide of globalization is not only a realistic option， but also to promote the Sino-Indian relations to a significant depth of development tools will also be on the world economy have a large impact on In this paper， the establishment of China-India Free Trade Area of the feasibility and the need for the discussion of Ho， an analysis of China and India to build barriers to free trade zone， and proposed a solution This article holds that the regional economic integration in the global wave of rapid development， in the face of growing Western countries， as well as the rise of trade protectionism in the further development of their own needs， China and India must establish a free trade Of course， this process is also faced with unprecedented opportunities and obstacles， in such a situation that the two countries need to work together in order to mature， rational and pragmatic attitude and grasp the opportunity to remove obstacles to the establishment of mutual trust and strengthen Key words: Sino-Indian economic cooperation， free trade zone obstacles

Bohai Sea port city of differences in competitiveness Abstract At the regional economic development， urban competitiveness of the decision of the city in this economy in the status of this city have a decisive impact on Now the state is focus on building the Bohai economic circle， the city's competitiveness on the Bohai Rim cities and their development of the region is very Port city in economic development play a decisive role and objectively measure the Bohai port city of competitiveness and the analysis and comparison， in which clear the city environment and status， advantages and disadvantages for the Bohai Sea port city of scientifically formulate The economic and social development strategies specified In this paper， Professor Ni Pengfei from the city competitiveness rating system， which select some key indicators， through factor analysis， urban construction competitiveness rating system， to the major port city in the Bohai competitiveness calculated and compared to that of individual cities Factor score， the Composite scores and ranking， and the Bohai Sea port city of competitiveness of the advantages and Through the Bohai Sea port city of competitiveness analysis of the differences， pointing out that restricting the Bohai port city of enhancing the competitiveness of the main factors， combined with specific circumstances， proposed a series of measures proposed to promote the Bohai Sea port city of又好fast economic Key words: Bohai Sea port city， urban competitiveness; index system;

关于印度经济的论文摘要怎么写英文

With the continuous development of digital industry， the electronic information industry rise abruptly， emerging origin is mature with each passing day， international competition is becoming more and more In recent years， the India， Vietnam and other developing countries take various preferential policies to foster its industrial development， those countries in the human cost than our country more competitive， how can we improve our country in the digital industry export competitiveness? According to the present Chinese electronic digital products exports in the current situation， music guest company digital speakers and other products in the future international trade strategy launches the research， through the market survey and needs analysis pointed out in its international trade development 望采纳！

The century put China and India to compare together at the time that it hand over， becoming a hot issue of the global speaking The United States 《diplomacy 》2006 of magazine 7/the cover report way of the number August is 《India is rising 》， have four articles totally， three among those articles speaking about India is rising to the global strategic influence， article 1 《India mode 》then discuss India in the past more than 20 years the basic path of the economic On the history， China and India all is four greatest civilizations in world one of the ancient Won to print two countries to still compare likeness in a lot of top of the born gifts today:Densely populated，the national territory area is broad:More important two countries all for develop one of the quickest developing countries of speed for 21 Also positive as it does， two countries have very strong of can compare In the meantime， China and India two countries face the problem of a lot of likenesses in the process of developping economy， but India and China resolve a way but entirely different， but this huge margin mean to have many large spaces that can draw lessons from and study mutually among Expect behind in 20 centuries， the foreign trades that win to print two countries all got a quicker development， but traded mode but had a very big This text tries to pass the different and similar that more analytical China and India trades mode， trying hard for to discover foreign trade mode of our country can promote space， investigating the road of the international trade big country of the our

Turn of the century time， puts China and India to compares together， becomes the global discussion a hot topic of US "Diplomacy" the magazine in 2006 7/in August number title page report is "India Rises"， altogether has four articles， three discuss India to rise to the global strategy influence， first "the Indian Pattern" discusses India to pass the basic way which more than 20 years economy In the history， China and India are world one of four big ancient Today， China and India still quite were similar in very many talents: Large population， the national territory area is vast: Both countries are more importantly one of 21st century development speed quickest developing Also because of this， both countries have the very strong At the same time， China and India in develop in the economical process， faced with very many similar questions， but Indian and China's solution way actually entirely different， but this huge disparity meant has the general spaces which many may profit from and study Since the 20th century mid and late parts， the China and India foreign trade all obtained the quick development， but the trade pattern has the very big disparity This article attempts through comparative analysis China and the Indian trade pattern similarities and differences， makes every effort to excavate our country foreign trade pattern to be possible to promote the space， explores our country's road of international trade powerful

Abstract The overseas labour export has become many countries’ important forms of foreign economic cooperation ， until the end of 2008， China's labours working overseas were only 740，000， which is less than 1% of the total global market， its foreign labour output was far behind Philippines， India etc， also 3 / 4 of those labour gathered in East and Southeast Asia， the labour output to the developed countries and other major labour market only accounted for about 10% of the total At present， China's labour export have many issues need urgent measures regarding relevant legislation， market structure， output form， labour export enterprises and the quality of output Pointing at China's current labour export difficulties and some own problems， combined with the characteristics of the international market， through various approaches， take effective measures to make improvement， and further promote China's development in labour export Key words: labour export， current condition， developmental trend， relevant