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有关法律的论文1000字高中英语

发布时间:2024-07-06 05:52:54

有关法律的论文1000字高中英语

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(一)主题的写法[2]毕业论文只能有一个主题(不能是几块工作拼凑在一起),这个主题要具体到问题的基层(即此问题基本再也无法向更低的层次细分为子问题),而不是问题所属的领域,更不是问题所在的学科,换言之,研究的主题切忌过大。因为涉及的问题范围太广,很难在一本硕士学位论文中完全研究透彻。通常,硕士学位论文应针对某学科领域中的一个具体问题展开深入的研究,并得出有价值的研究结论。(二)题目的写法毕业论文题目应简明扼要地反映论文工作的主要内容,切忌笼统。由于别人要通过你论文题目中的关键词来检索你的论文,所以用语精确是非常重要的。论文题目应该是对研究对象的精确具体的描述,这种描述一般要在一定程度上体现研究结论,因此,我们的论文题目不仅应告诉读者这本论文研究了什么问题,更要告诉读者这个研究得出的结论。(三)摘要的写法毕业论文的摘要,是对论文研究内容的高度概括,其他人会根据摘要检索一篇硕士学位论文,因此摘要应包括:对问题及研究目的的描述、对使用的方法和研究过程进行的简要介绍、对研究结论的简要概括等内容。摘要应具有独立性、自明性,应是一篇完整的论文。(四)引言的写法一篇毕业论文的引言,大致包含如下几个部分:1、问题的提出;2、选题背景及意义;3、文献综述;4、研究方法;5、论文结构安排。问题的提出:讲清所研究的问题“是什么”选题背景及意义:讲清为什么选择这个题目来研究,即阐述该研究对学科发展的贡献、对国计民生的理论与现实意义等。文献综述:对本研究主题范围内的文献进行详尽的综合述评,“述”的同时一定要有“评”,指出现有研究成果的不足,讲出自己的改进思路。研究方法:讲清论文所使用的科学研究方法。论文结构安排:介绍本论文的写作结构安排。“第2章,第3章,……,结论前的一章”的写法是论文作者的研究内容,不能将他人研究成果不加区分地掺和进来。已经在引言的文献综述部分讲过的内容,这里不需要再重复。(五)结论的写法结论是对论文主要研究结果、论点的提炼与概括,应准确、简明,完整,有条理,使人看后就能全面了解论文的意义、目的和工作内容。主要阐述自己的创造性工作及所取得的研究成果在本学术领域中的地位、作用和意义。同时,要严格区分自己取得的成果与导师及他人的科研工作成果。

有关法律的论文1000字高中

每当我们随意地翻开报纸,轻松的心情总会被一些沉重的新闻所打破。这些触目惊心的数字告诉我们:危险、伤害事故在我们身边频频发生,威胁着我们的生命,这血的教训一次又一次地为我们敲响了安全的警钟:生命诚可贵。我们青少年是祖国的未来、民族的希望,是社会主义现代化事业的建设者和接班人。同学们,我们一样拥有美好的未来,一样是祖国未来的栋梁,可是这一切的一切都建立在“法制”这一基础上,都需要我们时刻尊敬法制,对法制问题严肃。法制是法律和制度的总称。统治阶级以法律化、制度化的方式管理国家事务,并且严格依法办事的原则,也是统治阶级按照自己的意志通过国家权力建立的用以维护本阶级专政的法律和制度。法制在我心,我们就会拥有爱,当我们心藏法制,我们就会约束自己的行为,我们就不会感情用事,我们就不会做违反国家利益,损害别人利益的事,我们会维护国家和人民以至社会,当我们的行为都很好,很规范了,我们的国家就会和平,我们就能生活在一个自由民主的环境里,快乐和幸福就会伴随着我们健康快乐的成长,做我们想做的事。法制在我心,爸爸、妈妈就不再担心我们放学的路上遇到坏人;我们的美丽的家里就可以不再象金丝鸟住的鸟笼,四处都安有防盗窗;我们就可以广交朋友,不再害怕上当受骗。法律是一种至高的信仰,我们都生活在有秩序的法制时代,在法律面前人人平等,我们应以遵纪守法为荣,以违法犯罪为耻。惨痛的事故时有发生,家人撕裂肺的哭叫,亲朋好友痛哭流泪,自己伤心欲绝。可是,亲人的痛哭能挽回那不可替代的生命吗?自身的悔恨能换回昔日健康活泼的身体吗?遵守能维护自身及他人生命安全的法律法规真的就那么为难勉强吗?总而言之,国有国法,家有家规,法制是一个国家的根本,国家无法制则不能立足于世界,更不用说在世界上建立自己的威信。无论是一个学生,还是一个集体,都要以法为重。法制并不是限制人身自由的枷锁,而是制定、保护和维持国民生活秩序的有利工具。因此,我们每位中、小学生都应认真学习法律知识,做一个知法、懂法、守法的好学生。

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法律在我心中——听张爷爷讲“法在我心中”有感今天下午,我们五年级组听了一堂有教育意义的讲座,题目是——“法在我心中”。当听到这个消息时,我心潮难已,心中充满了期待。我怀着激动的心情入了场,静悄悄地坐下来,等待张爷爷来给我们上“法律课”。听完讲座后,令我最难忘的故事是关于一个孩子偷东西的真实故事。故事情节大约是这样的:这个孩子生活在一个贫穷的农村家庭,在冷天里,家里面没有煤烧火取暖,于是,这个孩子到一家煤厂里去偷煤,他的父母不但不制止这件事,还投来赞许的目光。渐渐地,这个孩子的胆子大起来,偷同学的文具盒,偷同学的衣服……这一偷不要紧,长大了居然去抢劫银行,被公安局抓去了,那可是要被判死刑啊!在押赴刑场之前,这个孩子唯一想见的就是他的母亲,他心里对她的母亲充满了忌恨。就因为那第一次偷煤,母亲没有及时制止他,而是默许了他,让他的胆子渐渐地越来越大,导致他最终走上了不归路。多么发人深省的故事啊!张爷爷用血的教训告诉了我们:“法律就犹如一根看不见的高压线,若你犯了罪,这根高压线就会电你;更严重的话可能会电死。若你遵法、守法,那么这根看不见的高压线你就碰不到它。”刘备也曾说过:“勿以善小而不为,勿以恶小而为之。”所以,我们青少年要知法守法,做任何事都要与法律同行。做一个有益于社会的人。让法律永远在我们心中!

有关法律的英语作文(一):如何维护消费者权益 How to Protect Consumers’ RightsI bet most of you guys have come across such situation, when you go shopping and buy something, you find there is something wrong with the product after you buy it, you want the manager to compensate for you, but the manager refuse Though you are angry, there is nothing you can As a consumer, we need to protect our rights, when we find the products are not conformed with specifications, we have the right to ask for The consumers’ rights are legal and protected by the laws, March 15 is International Day for Consumers’ Rights and Interests, it pays special attention to the consumers, it reminds consumers of their If consumers find the shops are cheating customers, they can call the police and protect their So when we buy products, we need to have the conscious that our consumers’ rights are protected by 我猜你们大部分人都遇到过这样的情况,当你去逛街买东西,买下产品后才发现产品有问题,你想要经理赔偿你,但是经理断然拒绝。虽然你很生气,但是你也不能做什么。作为一名消费者,我们需要维护我们的权益,当我们发现产品和说明书不符合时,我们有权利要求赔偿。消费者的权利是合法的,并且受到法律的保护。3月15号是国际消费者权益日,它关注消费者,提醒消费者他们的权益。如果消费者发现商店在欺骗顾客,他们可以报警,维护自己的权利。所以当我们买产品时,必须要意识到消费者的权利是受到法律保护的。

The PRC legal system is based on the PRC Constitution and is made up of written laws, regulations, directives and local laws, laws of Special Administrative Regions and laws resulting from international treaties entered into by the PRC Court case verdicts do not constitute binding However, they are used for the purposes of judicial reference and   The National People's Congress of the PRC (''NPC'') and the Standing Committee of the NPC are empowered by the PRC Constitution to exercise the legislative power of the S The NPC has the power to amend the PRC Constitution and enact and amend basic laws governing State agencies and civil and criminal The Standing Committee of the NPC is empowered to enact and amend all laws except for the laws that are required to be enacted and amended by the NPC  The State Council is the highest organ of the State administration and has the power to enact administrative rules and The ministries and commissions under the State Council are also vested with the power to issue orders, directives and regulations within the jurisdiction of their respective All administrative rules, regulations, directives and orders promulgated by the State Council and its ministries and commissions must be consistent with the PRC Constitution and the national laws enacted by the NPC In the event that a conflict arises, the Standing Committee of the NPC has the power to annul administrative rules, regulations, directives and   At the regional level, the provincial and municipal congresses and their respective standing committees may enact local rules and regulations and the people's governments may promulgate administrative rules and directives applicable to their own administrative These local laws and regulations must be consistent with the PRC Constitution, the national laws and the administrative rules and regulations promulgated by the State C The State Council, provincial and municipal governments may also enact or issue rules, regulations or directives in new areas of the law for experimental After gaining sufficient experience with experimental measures, the State Council may submit legislative proposals to be considered by the NPC or the Standing Committee of the NPC for enactment at the national   The PRC Constitution vests the power to interpret laws in the Standing Committee of the NPC According to the Decision of the Standing Committee of the NPC Regarding the Strengthening of Interpretation of Laws passed on June 10, 1981, the Supreme People's Court, in addition to its power to give general interpretation on the application of laws in judicial proceedings, also has the power to interpret specific The State Council and its ministries and commissions are also vested with the power to interpret rules and regulations that they have At the regional level, the power to interpret regional laws is vested in the regional legislative and administrative bodies which promulgate such

有关法律的论文1000字高中生

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每当我们随意地翻开报纸,轻松的心情总会被一些沉重的新闻所打破。这些触目惊心的数字告诉我们:危险、伤害事故在我们身边频频发生,威胁着我们的生命,这血的教训一次又一次地为我们敲响了安全的警钟:生命诚可贵。我们青少年是祖国的未来、民族的希望,是社会主义现代化事业的建设者和接班人。同学们,我们一样拥有美好的未来,一样是祖国未来的栋梁,可是这一切的一切都建立在“法制”这一基础上,都需要我们时刻尊敬法制,对法制问题严肃。法制是法律和制度的总称。统治阶级以法律化、制度化的方式管理国家事务,并且严格依法办事的原则,也是统治阶级按照自己的意志通过国家权力建立的用以维护本阶级专政的法律和制度。法制在我心,我们就会拥有爱,当我们心藏法制,我们就会约束自己的行为,我们就不会感情用事,我们就不会做违反国家利益,损害别人利益的事,我们会维护国家和人民以至社会,当我们的行为都很好,很规范了,我们的国家就会和平,我们就能生活在一个自由民主的环境里,快乐和幸福就会伴随着我们健康快乐的成长,做我们想做的事。法制在我心,爸爸、妈妈就不再担心我们放学的路上遇到坏人;我们的美丽的家里就可以不再象金丝鸟住的鸟笼,四处都安有防盗窗;我们就可以广交朋友,不再害怕上当受骗。法律是一种至高的信仰,我们都生活在有秩序的法制时代,在法律面前人人平等,我们应以遵纪守法为荣,以违法犯罪为耻。惨痛的事故时有发生,家人撕裂肺的哭叫,亲朋好友痛哭流泪,自己伤心欲绝。可是,亲人的痛哭能挽回那不可替代的生命吗?自身的悔恨能换回昔日健康活泼的身体吗?遵守能维护自身及他人生命安全的法律法规真的就那么为难勉强吗?总而言之,国有国法,家有家规,法制是一个国家的根本,国家无法制则不能立足于世界,更不用说在世界上建立自己的威信。无论是一个学生,还是一个集体,都要以法为重。法制并不是限制人身自由的枷锁,而是制定、保护和维持国民生活秩序的有利工具。因此,我们每位中、小学生都应认真学习法律知识,做一个知法、懂法、守法的好学生。

有关法律的论文题目高中英语

O J Simpson murder case辛普森杀妻案The O J Simpson murder case has been described as the most publicized criminal trial in history,[1] in which O J Simpson, former American football star and actor, was brought to trial for the murder of his ex-wife Nicole Brown Simpson and her friend Ronald G Simpson was acquitted in 1995 after a lengthy trial, the longest jury trial in California [2]Simpson hired a high-profile defense team led by Johnnie Cochran and F Lee B Los Angeles County believed it had a solid prosecution case, but Cochran created in the minds of the jury the belief that there was reasonable doubt about the DNA evidence (then a relatively new type of evidence in trials),[3] including that the blood-sample evidence had allegedly been mishandled by lab scientists and [4] Cochran and the defense team also alleged other misconduct by the Los Angeles Police D The televising of the lengthy trial riveted national attention on the dramatic By the end of the criminal trial, national surveys showed dramatic differences between most blacks and most whites in terms of their assessment of Simpson's [5]Later, both the Brown and Goldman families sued Simpson for damages in a civil trial, which has a lower standard of proof for determining [citation needed] On February 5, 1997, the jury unanimously found there was a preponderance of evidence to find Simpson liable for damages in the wrongful death of Goldman and battery of B In its conclusions, the jury effectively found Simpson liable for the death of his ex-wife and Ron G[6] On February 21, 2008, a Los Angeles court upheld a renewal of the civil judgment against 这个案子很经典,上面的一段是wiki上的英文案例,你可以找一些关于这个的中文资料,然后选择一个角度(比如种族歧视与陪审团制度的矛盾、毒树之果原则、媒体和舆论与司法公正的矛盾等等),或者一篇参考的中文文章(很多中国的法律人也会研究这个案子,发表一些观点),自己写或者翻译一篇英文论文出来就是了。下面引用一段英文资料,有个人在提问,为什么法院在刑事诉讼中判决辛普森无罪,但是在民事诉讼中又判决他赔偿自己妻子死亡赔偿金。 Jeralyn Merritt对这个问题进行了简略的回答。我想你大一的论文,字数要求不会太多,所以参考一下他这段答复吧。如果字数不够就把上面wiki的资料加一些进去,简单的交待一下案情。Q I am a high school government student, and I have a question that has been bothering me that my teacher refuses to In the OJ Simpson case I know that the state jury did not find him guilty on the charge of murder, but the federal court did on the charge of wrongful What is the difference and why were they able to do that? -- Geni A OJ Simpson was charged with first degree murder in the state court in C The jury found him "Not G" A "not guilty" verdict means the state failed to prove the charges "beyond a reasonable doubt", which is the standard of proof in all criminal Criminal cases are brought on behalf of the citizens of a particular state or federal district, not by the victims or their After OJ Simpson was found not guilty in the criminal case, the families of Nicole Brown Simpson and Ron Goldman sued him in the state (not federal) court in California for wrongfully causing their Civil lawsuits for wrongful death are tried for money damages, not to put the defendant in Civil cases are brought in the name of individuals, not in the name of the SDifferent evidence was introduced in the OJ Simpson civil and criminal For example, although OJ Simpson denied it, evidence was presented in the civil trial that OJ Simpson owned a pair of Bruno Magli shoes that matched shoeprints left at the murder OJ Simpson exercised his constitutional right against self-incrimination and chose not to testify in the criminal All defendants in criminal cases have this In the civil trial, OJ no longer had such a right because he had been found not guilty of murder and could not be tried again for He had to testify when the opposing side called him as a Thus, the jury in the civil case got to hear OJ's testimony while the criminal jury did In the criminal case, the jury got to see that the glove left at the scene of the crime did not fit OJ S This experiment was not repeated for the civil The jury in the criminal trial got a far stronger portrayal of the problems with the DNA and other scientific evidence in the case, and the poor management of the crime scene, than did the civil And the criminal jury got to hear the false testimony of Los Angeles police officer Mark Furman, who later admitted lying and pleaded guilty to Finally, the burden of proof in criminal and civil cases is In criminal cases, the standard is "proof beyond a reasonable " There is also a presumption of innocence that stays with the defendant until and unless the jury returns a guilty In civil cases, the standard of proof is "by a preponderance of the evidence," which essentially means "more likely than not," or put another way, proof by 51% or The jury's verdict in the civil case was not that OJ Simpson was guilty of murder, but that he was liable for (which essentially means responsible for causing) the deaths of Nicole Brown Simpson and Ron GIn light of the different evidence presented, burdens of proof and ultimate issues the juries were called upon to decide, the verdicts in the criminal and civil trials were not really all that -- Jeralyn Merritt

The theory of criminal law of shallow understanding irrtumslehreLegal irrtumslehre, namely, refers to the illegality mistake for own behavior in law, whether what crime constitutes a crime shall be punished by, or what is wrong, is to oneself the legal nature of the action of meaning or Legal irrtumslehre usually includes three conditions: (1) the actor's behavior in law does not constitute a crime, the offender and constitutes a crime for which imaginary guilty, (2) the behavior in law constitutes a crime and does not constitute a crime, the offender mistaken assumptions that innocent, (3) for his act constitutes a crime shall be convicted and punishment in light of the existing errors, misunderstanding or Due to the legal irrtumslehre, only to the behavior of the offender is not correct understanding of the legal assessment, and for their actions in fact correct understanding of the situation is still there, so its act constitutes a crime shall be investigated for criminal responsibility is and how it is not usually (1)Imaginary innocent treatment principleThe principles for imaginary innocence, whether it involves a deliberately Foreign criminal law theory basically has the following kinds:1)Should know that don't speak, just for criminal facts have Canada criminal code article 19 regulation: "the ignorance of the law excuses and crime can be ShuZui " Motto: "Roman law and legal disclaimer" somehow also expressed a principle, namely: "in the crime as subjective FanYi established condition, not request to recognize his behavior of richtswitrig"2)Should know the reason, according to two: moral responsibility theory, personality responsibility Moral responsibility theory emphasizes on the rationality of free will blame illegal conduct, is considered to be objective 3)That said, the possible illegality of responsibility for deliberately, at least to the possibility of understanding While in China mainland, the introduction of the concept of crime has another concept -- social consciousness that harm to discuss richtswitrig already Because the deliberate crime according to law condemn the illegality of the offender is not known, the law itself is not damaged, the law of the social consciousness is Social harm consciousness is the essential contents of the crime, illegal consciousness is the legal form of social Therefore, our country law more emphasis is on the rationality of essence, which is harmful to the society Just because of its social harmfulness, with a social moral evaluation colour, easier for people to grasp and Therefore, the author thinks that, in general, the person need to recognize his behavior may be the result of inevitable or harmful to the society, and has already With intentionally But in fact, the forbidden by law and mass that is harmful to the society in our country nowadays the behavior under the constitution should be consistent, in other words, know the social harmfulness also know the possibility of illegal, but know the possibility of illegal is inevitable should also realize social harmfulness, both are Therefore, it is generally thought that the law is no excuse, the reason of law does not exclude the misunderstanding in principle, but can be culpable for deliberately (2) Misunderstandings treatment PunishmentWe might as well so the essence of blame for his due: the crime in the subjective should blame or blame, for the intent or negligence If the offender because of misunderstanding that legal person feels very innocent, lack of this should blame or condemning sexual, from the fundamental measure, blame is absolutely not consider Especially in the modern society, the legal category SAN marino, legal entry in different fields and different levels of books, recognized, comprehend legal apparently endless and same, so the person of law and misunderstandings, not Now, both in theory and practice, the method not cling to forgive "seems to have in Therefore, to a certain extent, can also think admits exceptions excusable is legal misunderstanding of criminal law is an important symbol of In addition, it was not in the act of which is prohibited by the laws and regulations, especially after a circumstance, should have knowledge of richtswitrig actor, constitute the understanding of deliberate point of view, with the attitude of this understanding, of course, that is not the illegality or by the simple statement The author thinks that the only when the legal establishment of may, FangKeZu but The fact mistakeThat mistake, is to determine its subjective behavior nature and the criminal responsibility of the relevant facts wrong From the wrong reasons and phenomenon of angles, generally known that there are several mistakes:(1) Object irrtumslehreThe object is known for errors, whether there is objectively error It includes actor in the implementation of the existing criminal behavior of the hazards for the object and actually does not exist, or for criminal object and actually does not exist, or infringe a criminal object and actually invaded another crime The object of objects is usually known errors caused by mistake, but the object of different social relationship reflects Evil doer of objects and actual expected in fact not only harm object does not agree, and in the nature of law is not Therefore, the object irrtumslehre may affect the form of sin, crime accomplishment, and may even attempted to influence the For example, in view of the circumstances, not a thought before the enemy, and a party came to stick, afterwards just know the ox was A thought of damage is "people", and the actual wounded is "cow", do not belong to the same laws of the Similar situation and will generally be mistaken for drug trafficking items, Actor will stolen items in the theft of guns in stealing This object from the subjective errors, see, is a kind of mistake, From the objective, because the mistake crime to no avail, where the criminal attempted 1)Object mistakeObjects can be generalized mistake, including object mistake to belong to the object know mistake is inevitable object These include, is known to be wrong object of legal property of the same object mistake and legal properties of different objects, namely the object irrtumslehre In order to distinguish with the object mistake here, the cognition to the same object only mean error between the different objects, namely the misunderstanding of the evil doer expected objects and actual harm to the object, but not in fact in the legal nature of the same This object mistake again say things on purpose mistake not criminal As a reserve, killing b shall be killed as b and c, do not affect a This is the need to consider that a kill b behavior "mistake" cause others (c), belong to an intentional crime (b) "death", for the excess result, according to the results, which determine the ordinary mail of death was deliberately recognized for deliberately, to the death of the fault is propylene, identified as negligence, according to the intention or negligence of the general mark recognized FanYi or state of mind, not applicable rules of the 2) Behavior irrtumslehreBehavior mainly includes two kind of mistake: first, the behavior nature That actor has to its social harm nature, such as understanding not imaginary Behavior nature mistake might affect the form of sin, and may also affect Second, the behavior tools (methods) That person to use when the conduct of tool (methods), which affects not correct understanding of harm results, behavior tools (methods) mistake can affect crime or attempted was founded, also can affect crime or belongs to the incident, a typical for murder on hazardous substances, because the drug failure and failed to kill people, can think method or tools for error doer of consciousness beyond reason not to And as actor see armour, second coming together, hence shot to play, but can't hit by the party Look, this is from the phenomenon of an object, or the final results for the mistake, but this error is based on the fact that the wrong doer identify offender is carefully identify to begin, can think recognize is accurate, errors in ChaWu The solution to this situation, "said", its legal with qualitative and recognize wrong object is consistent, namely directly recognized as an intentional homicide The death of a person is directly intentionally to b, death is the indirect intentional, just for a to b is attempted, Additionally, if in daily life because misidentification object and damage of consequences, the crime itself is not just any criminal negligence because of 3)Causality irrtumslehreCausality mistake, is on his behavior and harmful results of actual connection between Generally include: first, not some harm result, as has happened This generally constitute a Second, has certain harm result, but not for actor or for his behavior is caused, and does not affect crime Third, really happened, the offender is aware of its behavior, but with the actual development between the harm to the process or a mistake, general to punish crime In theory, the offender is not only a crime, but continuous movement, this several continuous action is not a few crime, but a In this sense, doesn't exist on the results of the Legal irrtumslehre and facts mistake and proceduresDomestic scholars in fact know mistakes and errors between the issue legal representative views mainly include:(1)For own behavior whether in law constitutes a crime, criminal or what kind of criminal punishment shall be under the incorrect understanding is legal irrtumslehre for his behavior on the implementation of the incorrect understanding is the fact that mistake,(2)The objectivity of crime is a false understanding of crime, that mistake of objective facts have clear understanding, only to act in the evaluation of existing laws on the concept of law is not correct mistakes。(3)Actor known facts and actual fact don't agree is wrong, the person that judgment and objective law is law of illegal inconsistency These ideas basically could in theory and legal irrtumslehre fact distinguish mistakes, it is important to emphasize that:1) With the conviction that the so-called irrelevant, as this mistake to hit each other, the shooting head caused the death of heart, without vision of research into 2) Study of the theory of error, error occurs when the purpose, but whether to intentionally resistance, reduce plots affected only the wrong cognition, natural sentencing nor will it into the error theory 3) This does not constitute a crime and actor for crime, and for their behavior in the criminal law on the crimes and how to apply for criminal punishment on such specific knowledge error, conviction according to Based on this, the author thinks that, at the fact that criminal law is only to know wrong doer of elements to know the so-called objective facts constituents of mistake is the fact that the legal irrtumslehre error refers to the legal action is illegal and the evaluation of the From the theory of facts and legal irrtumslehre error, but the problem is in the law, criminal elements to the facts and law closely combined circumstances (like some administrative crimes and economic crimes), or is in a fact itself contains certain laws of evaluation content, to distinguish with a mistake is the fact that mistake or legal wrong, is often If the property of his humanity and obscenity obscenity, administrative rules and regulations, JinYuOu, disrupt public until its precondition of the legitimacy of the public, and legal irrtumslehre facts wrong intertwined, and this is what we distinguish facts and legal irrtumslehre errors will solve the In some cases, the defendant should know that because of the lack of knowledge, and not to the behavior of social harmfulness, so that the defendant is not "knowledge they will entail harmful consequences to society, and hope or allows such results" and deliberate crime, the burden of proof is only FanYi prosecution, in addition, prosecution without proof the defendant not normal, but normal mental and spiritual normal presumption defendant directly if the defendant that his spirit is not normal, it shall provide necessary evidence by himself to Thus, the author, on legal irrtumslehre processing, can adopt the presumption of ways to Which country presumption every normal citizens are known, unless the law can put forward defense "advantage prove" above, or the evidence rebut these presumption is From the efficiency of lawsuit, said the country is impossible to prove the defendant is known of the

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