与汽车相关的论文题目大全英文翻译

1/SCR post-processing techniques used to reduce diesel vehicle emissions2/On diesel vehicles with the environmental advantages of energy saving

With the entry of informative network times is comimg， people are not simply satisfied with Atuo as the means of walking replacement， but to expect it can be closely related life to work， just as we work in the office or at home while we take the Meanwhile， Auto electronic rapid developing is regarded as the revolution of Auto technology E-vehicle developing level is one of the key points to measure modern auto Followed the rapid development of comupter， telecommunication and integrated circuit technology， the typified digital field bus of field instrument and other related instruments widely used， and the complicated live link are replaced by simple live network link， the quality of signal transmission becomes much better than before， so that Auto gradually enters internet In reccent decade， customers have higher quality on comfort， security， eco-friendliness of A To meet these increasing demands， many electronic equipment controlled by computer is sharpely increasing in Auto， as a result of line connection becomes more difficult in Auto， especially in Besides， the quantity of electronic line point shows Inevitably it’ll has some troubles or blocks in So that many new model or high-level model auto is using network technology in the process of research to solve these This essay talks about how network is used in inner and outer auto， refering to the characteristic and standard of inner network used in A While the key point is to emphasise on the main features and using of controlling local area According to driving performance， auto electronic products could be classified as followings: one is Auto electronic control devices， including engine， chassis and body electronic The other is car electronic devices， including motor vehicle information systems， navigation systems， car audio and video entertainment systems， automotive communications systems， internet equipment

让你同学帮你在一些高校的图书馆里找，那里都有电子档的

The society entered the information network time， the people no longer satisfy to the automobile request one kind of riding instead of walking tool， hoped the automobile is the life and the operating region one kind extends， on automobile on elephant in own office and family same work and At the same time， the automobile computerization also day by day rapidly develops， was considered is in an automobile technological development advancement revolution， the automobile computerization degree is weighs by regarding as the modern automobile level the important But along with the computer technology， the communication technology， the integrated circuit technology rapid development， take the numeral field bus as representative's scene measuring appliance， the equipment massive applications， a tedious scene segment bed sheet succinct field bus network replaces， the signaling quality also greatly enhances， the automobile also starts to march into the network In the near ten years， the user regarding automobile comfortableness， the security as well as the environmental protection and so on each performance request enhances In order to meet the need which these increase day by day， on the automobile the computer controls the electronic electric appliance equipment sharp growth， causes the automobile (is specially passenger vehicle) designs the electric appliance line arrangement to be more and more In addition， because because on the automobile each kind of electronic electric appliance meets the point insertion quantity along with it sharp increase， in the automobile travel process meets the point insertion the breakdown to create on the automobile the electronic electric appliance equipment malfunction question to be more and more In order to solve the above problem， very many new vehicle types (are specially upscale vehicle type) in the development starts widely to apply the computer network This article introduced the computer network technology in the automobile the application basic principle， elaborated the networking in the automobile interior and exterior application situation， introduced the automobile interior network characteristic and the automobile interior network standard， with emphasis narrated the control confined network CAN principal characteristic and the According to the automobile driving quality function influence division， may the automobile electronic products induction be two kinds: One kind is the automobile electronic control， including engine， chassis， automobile body electronic One kind is the vehicle carries the automobile electronic installation， including the automobile information system， the guidance system， the automobile sound and the television entertainment system， the vehicle carries the communications system， the surfer equipment and so Keywords: automotive， computer networks， local area network control， network standards

与汽车相关的论文题目大全英文

看看这个行吗，因为我也在找这方面的，呵呵，大家一起找吧，人多力量大哦。[中英译文-外文资料]汽车依赖性对经济发展的影响Automobile Dependency and Economic Developmen-htmlEconomic Development Impacts of Automobile DependencyAutomobile dependency has various impacts that affect economic 6 These are summarized below and some are discussed in detail later in this Increased Mobility And Convenience For MotoristsAutomobile dependency directly benefits vehicle users: favorable pricing， investment， facilitydesign， parking and land use practices make driving relatively fast， convenient and It also allows businesses to use more centralized distribution systems and Just-In-Time production， and to access a wider range of possible employees and customers， which can cause certain types of agglomeration efficiencies， such as large retail These savings and efficiencies can increase economic development if they increase the productivity of local These productivity benefits are separate and in addition to consumer benefits from increased However， not all increased vehicle use by producers represents increased As discussed later in this paper， automobile dependent transportation systems and land use patterns require more travel to provide a given level of 汽车依赖性对经济发展有着多方面的影响，概括起来主要是以下几点，在后文中我将对其进行详细的讨论和分析。（一）对于汽车使用者而言，出行更为便捷汽车依赖性首先造福的是那些汽车的拥有者：合适的价格、投资、配件设计、停车场和土地使用方式的变化使得驾车变成更为快捷、舒适、方便的出行选择。同时，这也使得商业活动更加聚集，使得企业能够在更大地理范围得到潜在雇员和顾客，例如大型零售消费中心。由此得来的收入可以通过促进当地工业的生产力来促进经济发展。通过增加流动性而得到的收益增加是脱离于消费者收益的，也就是增加的部分。当然，并不是所有的汽车使用增加都能够使得生产力得到增加，正如后文将要讨论的那样，交通状况和土地使用方式都是关键的影响因素。还有一个：[中英译文-外文资料]美国汽车产业中的新兴企业能力与创新（节选）The capabilities of new firms and the evolution of the US automobile industry-html我尽力了，能找到的都在这里了。如果能帮到你，要加分哦。

让你同学帮你在一些高校的图书馆里找，那里都有电子档的

How Manual Transmissions Work by Marshall Brain If you drive a stick-shift car， then you may have several questions floating in your How does the funny "H" pattern that I am moving this shift knob through have any relation to the gears inside the transmission? What is moving inside the transmission when I move the shifter? When I mess up and hear that horrible grinding sound， what is actually grinding? What would happen if I were to accidentally shift into reverse while I am speeding down the freeway? Would the entire transmission explode? In this article， we'll answer all of these questions and more as we explore the interior of a manual Cars need transmissions because of the physics of the gasoline First， any engine has a redline -- a maximum rpm value above which the engine cannot go without Second， if you have read How Horsepower Works， then you know that engines have narrow rpm ranges where horsepower and torque are at their For example， an engine might produce its maximum horsepower at 5，500 The transmission allows the gear ratio between the engine and the drive wheels to change as the car speeds up and slows You shift gears so the engine can stay below the redline and near the rpm band of its best Photo courtesy DaimlerChrysler Mercedes-Benz Actros， manual See more transmission Ideally， the transmission would be so flexible in its ratios that the engine could always run at its single， best-performance rpm That is the idea behind the continuously variable transmission (CVT) A CVT has a nearly infinite range of gear In the past， CVTs could not compete with four-speed and five-speed transmissions in terms of cost， size and reliability， so you didn't see them in production These days， improvements in design have made CVTs more The Toyota Prius is a hybrid car that uses a CVT The transmission is connected to the engine through the The input shaft of the transmission therefore turns at the same rpm as the engine

Uses the SCR post-processing technology to reduce the vehicle to discharge with the diesel engine By diesel car's energy conservation and environmental protection superiority

与汽车相关的论文题目大全英文版

Uses the SCR post-processing technology to reduce the vehicle to discharge with the diesel engine By diesel car's energy conservation and environmental protection superiority

让你同学帮你在一些高校的图书馆里找，那里都有电子档的

Guide the future development of the concept of automotive vehicles Summary of high-tech popularization and application makes the pace of replacement automotive products faster and faster， also makes the Chinese automotive industry independent research and development level and technical level with the international on the growing gap in the development of the concept car is even more the difference between the very WTO accession for China car alarm sounded， but also tremendous opportunity， our government， as well as automotive companies must increase their research and automotive design input， to establish a positive right car design concept， the concept of extensive vehicle design Keywords concept car designed to develop science， technology and culture Technology start-ups PIONEERINGWITHSCIENCE & TECHNOLOGYMONTHLY The 21st century， in order to lead and performance of the new century， the development of future automotive trends， a number of international auto companies， one after another at the major auto show in the world to launch its own concept car and new There is， however， must be caused by a phenomenon we are concerned about: As a car big country， but few Chinese car makers to launch its own development and design concept Are one of the main reasons for China's automotive design concepts and methods， as well as the lack of research and development of concept cars do not pay enough It can be said that a self-designed and self-development capacity of the automobile industry， it is difficult to say that is a complete auto Thus we must intensify the study of automotive design and input， to establish a positive right car design concept， the concept of extensive vehicle 1 "concept car" is defined The so-called "concept cars" that have not yet begun to enter the market with a design unique and must advance the awareness of the new Its main characteristics are: it must give people are to consider that can guide the new concept It has just the design in general at the time， people's aesthetic ideas， the purchasing power and even the level of motor vehicle manufacturing industry is also Generally it will be it avant-garde design， innovative materials， bold use of a more perfect performance， the new car interior design indicates that the direction of development of the automobile Some of the world's largest car company every year to spend many human and material resources to design their own concept car， and in some large auto exposition on It can be said that with the continuous introduction of concept cars， the near future may occur on some concept cars have today， some features or functions of the But not necessarily a concept car will each eventually evolve into mass production cars to enter the market， the majority of concept cars are finally only a "concept" for people to discuss the 2 concept car， in reality the meaning of 1 concept car design and development of automotive products reflected the development trend of 1 the performance of the highest scientific level and the most sophisticated technology in concept car At the International Motor Show the previous， and the major automotive companies and the introduction of the concept of lot of cars， concept cars to remove these sleek， but also more integrated into a large number of high-tech and modern means of the introduction of the concept car to become Motor Company takes pride in the idea of the concept of automotive research and development are often accompanied by new technologies and the use of new materials with certain forward-looking， herald a new stage of development and the beginning for this reason that car companies the development of the concept car has invested great human and material resources， with its show car the company's strong momentum of Various high-tech applications， making car slowly evolved into information， communications， entertainment centers and the exchange of information with the outside world， the computer functions and Internet all-round involvement， in-car information and entertainment equipment， advanced navigation equipment， real-time traffic information function of the growing popularity of the inevitable demand of these high-tech automotive designers transcend time and space to establish a new value system， the emergence of various new technologies for the automotive design freely given to a wider Function of motor vehicles for further expansion and development of the concept car， the car gradually from the cold machinery into human information exchange platform， if the concept car has its own way of expressing their emotions with pregnant， anger， sadness and joy， such as facial expression make the concept car than in high volume production cars， become a new symbol of Concept Car Design of automotive products have greater and greater impact， it represents the development direction of the automobile industry and the basic idea of the automobile company design standards and a symbol of scientific and technological 2 human physiological needs and psychological needs of the largest Satisfied --- Automotive Engineering in the Ergonomics Ergonomics are 50 in the early 20th century with the rapid development of a new subject with the aim of research， design and engineering technology to solve the relationship between the human Car body design in ergonomics， it is to people (drivers and passengers) as the center， from the body's physiology， psychology， and exercise the human body， the research body design， layout and equipment in terms of how to adapt to people need to create a manipulation convenient， safe， reliable， beautiful and comfortable driving environment and take the environment， that is the best person to design a - vehicle - environment Automotive Design Human-Computer analysis of the first ministries to human size required for measurement， statistics and analysis， conducting interior layout design as a basis to determine the effective space vehicle， as well as parts， assemblies (seats， dashboard ， steering wheel， ) position and dimensions of the relationship between Through the study of human physiological structure， so that the seat design in full compliance with the requirements of human Based on the manipulation of human manipulation of the scope and power to determine the layout of the manipulator position and force size， so that when the human body to manipulate natural， rapid， accurate and lightweight， so as to reduce the degree of manipulation of Through the visual characteristics of the human eye， the effect of vision research， testing， checking driver information system， to ensure that drivers have access to proper driving Exercise in accordance with the characteristics of the human body to study the automobile collision on the human body， a reasonable protection， the right to determine the hinged point seat belts and binding on the human body to study the vibration of the impact on ride comfort， research on and get off at the convenience of passengers， and door openings in order to determine location and According to the body's physiological requirements， reasonable certainty that the air-conditioning system and Research on the psychological characteristics and requirements， to design a comfortable， beautiful， relaxed by the 3 virtual product development technology At present， a growing number of automotive design companies and manufacturing companies to start using virtual product development technology， using three-dimensional virtual reality 3D technology development concept Opel car using 3D virtual reality technology concept car design and Designers can experience floating in the air of a virtual image of car design and manufacturing， saving considerable development costs， and plans to be extended to its North American assembly plant to Britain's Rolls-Royce， Renault， France， Germany Audi， as well as Italy， Sweden and other auto plants are actively engaged in this virtual design and Over the past automotive research and development centers to develop new or modified are first shaped body sludge physical model， is extremely time-consuming Now automotive R & D， in particular the development of concept cars are increasingly seeking the shortest development If the introduction of virtual product development technologies， as long as the computer input data to construct a model figure model， in the laboratory can show an ideal vehicle images， as long as the engineers wear eyepiece， you can see clearly， there is such as a car in front of us true， after all the discussion of design engineers modifications， you can quickly design an ideal new Stereotypes， the computer can use the data， outsourcing trial and trial fitted the new parts and components， assembly achieve zero error， and the development of aging more rapidly than in the 4 the concept of green environment-friendly vehicles to the development trend of Since entering the 21st century， countries around the world have been produced about 5 billion vehicles， according to expert estimates that in 2010 global vehicle production will reach 75 People sigh at the rapid development of automobile industry， but also an increasing awareness of pollution from motor vehicles to harm human beings， so many countries of the vehicle to develop environmental protection measures and regulations to protect the environment for human survival， so automotive environmental protection the design of this new concept car design to be placed in a prominent position on the Improve energy efficiency， improved engine configurations， including electronically controlled fuel injection system， secondary air injection， thermal reactor， exhaust gas recirculation system， catalytic purification device， crankcase ventilation systems， fuel evaporation control The development of alternative fuels， research and development of new environmentally-friendly energy， including natural gas， liquefied petroleum gas， fast charging batteries， hybrid power， hydrogen In the automotive manufacturing process， use of green materials， green packaging， green manufacturing processes and equipment and equipment Green car recycling 2 Concept car indicates road traffic in the evolution of human behavior 1 Concept foretells the future of the way road traffic trends Along with the development of automobile， the vehicle status is also slowly change， now car in people's minds as a symbol， a symbol of wealth and the embodiment of a status， but the car as a way of the nature of road traffic has Concept car design is based on the nature of a car's innovative design Concept car at the design of the way through the daily life of mankind， human beings in road traffic in the use of methods such as behavior and ways of life all aspects of prediction and analysis， it is envisaged to solve the future in the way road traffic between the object harmonious Strong and high-speed in today's technology enables the development of means of transport have a much broader space for development， more and more high-tech continuously applied at a new At present many of the world's major auto companies have realized that the development of the next car is no longer the biggest obstacles are technical limitations， but limits the designers Now appearing in major auto show concept cars are generally two types: one is based on the latest available technology can achieve another kind of concept cars are those who put forward some innovative technology options but is still in the research phase of the concept Able to express their feelings such as car， truck can random shell replacement car， be able to easily change the driving mode of motor vehicles， be able to swim in the water of the amphibious vehicle， able to fly in space vehicles， be able to change Like from Toyota and Sony jointly developed by "POD" cars， will be able to through the car before the lights， mirrors， antenna， as well as the rear seat to the car owners to express their "" Like Volkswagen's Seat International Auto Show in the United States on the introduction of multi-functional concept car "Sal? Juancheng sa"， there are sports， comfort and three kinds of urban-type driving mode selection for 2 Concept of culture differences in performance The United States as a world leader in the auto industry， concept cars at the manufacturing are on the forefront in the At the United States because of cultural blending， collision， so the concept car embodies the greater the diversity of cultures; are also caused by a highly developed country commercial， commercial design and pragmatism prevailed， so the design is set up at a deep aesthetic Ethics on the real and solve practical With the American cars are in sharp contrast to the Japanese concept Japan as the world's output of the second car big country， its concept car many practical and imagination， technology is better than art， more concerned about solving technical problems， it can be said in Japan This is the premise of the concept of car design， each model is to solve one kinds of technical problems The Japanese car model to maintain a small， simple， style characteristics of the economy and harmonious relations between man-machine deal with the Japanese are reflected as a delicate oriental thinking and compromise approach to solve the The United States put the design of commercial operation as an important aspect， Japan put out of Products Designed to accelerate as a tool， Germany put Designed as a social and cultural foundation， while the French took the design as a designer of stage From various countries so the concept of car design in different styles， we can see different countries， different concepts， as well as their different cultural backgrounds 3 Concluding remarks The future of automotive design as the development of the inevitable progress of Automotive Technology with each passing day， many of the artistic style of the designer will make it even more widely and more strongly reflected in the car design， and give people a wider Under high-tech， and personality of the car more humane 21st century will be the necessity of the development of the automobile industry， because it is consistent with human culture， the pursuit of individuality and Therefore， the increase in automobile design concept of the attention and input， will be the development of China's automobile industry has played a great role in pushing References 1尹定邦 Introduction to Study Design [M] Hunan: Hunan Science and Technology Press， 1999 2张洪欣 Auto Design [M] Beijing: Mechanical Industry Press， 1997 3 Tang Jia-Ti， Han Xiao Jian had --- Product conceptual design theory， methods and techniques [M] Beijing: Mechanical Industry Press， 2002

汽车与我们的生活论文题目大全英语翻译

原因 1私家车比较方便 2国名生活条件的提高 3身份的象征等等。Because it's more convenient to hang out when u have u can go anywhere u want and no need to worry about u will miss the train or bus and then wait for a long (因为当你拥有一辆车时，出游更方便，不用担心耽误火车或者巴士，然后再花很多时间去等）otherwise there are more and more people get rich The cars r not like before that only a few people can And some people think get a car is a sign that u r one of the rich (另外越来越多的人变的富有，车子也不想从前只有少部分人能买到，而且一些人认为有辆车是富有的标志）

Uses the SCR post-processing technology to reduce the vehicle to discharge with the diesel engine By diesel car's energy conservation and environmental protection superiority

Cars in America(美国的汽车)Cars in AmericaCars are an important part of lifein the United S The car made the UnitedStatesanationon Andit helped to make the United States what it is There are three main reasons why the car became so popular in the United S First of all the country is a huge one and Americans like to move around in The cars provide the most comfortable and cheapest form of The second reason that cars are popular is the fact that the United States never really developed an efficient and inexpensive form of public Long-distance trains have never been as common in the United States as they are in other parts of the Nowadays there is a good system of air service provided by But it is too expensive to be used The third reason is the most important one， The American spirit of independence is what really made cars Americans don't like to wait for a bus， or a train or even a They don't like to have to follow an exact And the freedom a car gives them is what Americans want most to The decrease of gas supplies has caused a big problem for A But the answer will not be a bigger system of public The real solution will have to be a new kind of car， one that does not use so much 美国的汽车汽车是美国生活的重要组成部分。汽车使得美国成为轮子上的国家，它也帮助美国成为现在的样子。汽车在美国如此盛行有三个主要原因。首先这个国家地域辽阔，而美国人喜欢在其间来回走动。汽车提供了最舒适最便宜的交通方式。汽车如此盛行的第二个原因是美国从未真正发展过有效廉价的公共交通这一事实。美国的长途火车从未像世界上其它地方那么普及。如今飞机提供了空中服务的良好体系。但是飞机太贵了，不能频繁使用。而第三个原因是最为重要的。美国人的独立精神是使得汽车盛行的真正原因。美国人不喜欢等公共汽车、火车甚至飞机。他们不喜欢必须遵循精确的时间表。汽车给予他们的自由正是美国人最想得到的。汽油供给的减少已经给美国人带来了巨大的问题。但答案不是发展更大型的公交体系。真正的解决方式必须是一种新型的汽车，那种不需要使用很多燃料的汽车。Car PollutionEach year there is an increasing number of cars on the roads as millions of new cars are One out of six Americans works at making cars， driving trucks， building roads or filling up Americans couldn't live without cars!Most Americans would find it hard to imagine life without a However， some have realized the serious problem of air pollution caused by The polluted air becomes poisonous and dangerous to One way to get rid of the polluted air is to make a car without But to build a clean car is easier said than Progress in this field is Another way is to replace car engines with something Inventors are now working on steam cars as well as electric Many makers believe that it will take years to develop a practical model for To prevent the world from being polluted by cars， we have to make some changes in our Americans， for example， have to cut down on the number of their total They are encouraged to use bicycles， which are thought to help keep the air But this change does not come A large number of workers may find themselves without jobs if a car factory cioses Thus the problem of air pollution would become less important than that of Although cars have led us to a better life， they have also brought us new 汽车污染上路的汽车数量逐年增长，同时，每年都会生产出几百万辆新车。在美国，每六个人中就有一个从事与汽车相关的工作：造车、开车、修路、加油等等。离开汽车，美国人无法生活!大部分美国人简直无法想象没有车的生活会是什么样子。但是一些人也已经意识到汽车造成的空气污染已成为严重的问题。被污染的空气具有毒性，并且危害健康。解决空气污染的方法之一就是制造无污染汽车。但是生产清洁汽车说来容易做来难。目前，这一领域的进展十分缓慢。另一个方法就是使用其他东西替代汽车发动机。发明家正在研制蒸汽汽车和电车。但是许多厂家认为我们可以使用的实用型汽车的诞生可能还需要几年时间。要想阻止全球化的汽车污染，我们需要对自己的生活方式做出适当的改变。例如，在美国，需要缩减汽车总量。鼓励人们使用有助空气清洁的自行车。但这种改变不能一蹴而就。一旦汽车工厂关闭，就会有大量工人失去工作。与失业相比，空气污染似乎就不再那么重要了。尽管汽车为我们带来了更加舒适的生活，同时，它也带来了新的问题。

汽车方面的论文题目大全英文翻译

1/SCR post-processing techniques used to reduce diesel vehicle emissions2/On diesel vehicles with the environmental advantages of energy saving

Society into the information network era， the requirements of the vehicle no longer be satisfied with a means of transport， but also want to live and work car is an extension of the scope， in the car like in their own office and home work and At the same time， the growing automotive electronics and also the rapid development of automotive technology was considered in the development process of a revolution of automotive electronics is a measure of the degree is seen as an important level of Hyundai Motor With computer technology， communication technology， the rapid development of integrated circuit technology in order to figure represented Fieldbus field instrument， equipment， a large number of applications， red tape has been the scene of a single simple connection of fieldbus networks in place of， the quality of signal transmission also greatly improved， cars have begun to enter the Internet A In the last decade， the users of motor vehicles for the comfort， safety and environmental requirements such as performance In order to meet these ever-increasing demand for computer-controlled vehicle electrical and electronic equipment increased dramatically， making vehicles (especially cars) the design of the layout of electrical circuits has become increasingly In addition， a variety of automotive electrical and electronic connector of the ensuing surge in the number of motor vehicles traveling on the course because of the failure point connector automotive electrical and electronic equipment on the issue of failure to perform its functions more and more To address these problems， many new models (especially the high-end models) the beginning of the development of the wider use of computer network In this paper， computer network technology in the automotive application of the basic principles of network technology on the inside and outside the vehicle， the introduction of the internal network， introduced the characteristics of automotive and automotive standards for the internal network， focuses on the control of the main local area network CAN characteristics and their Vehicle performance in accordance with the role of the impact of division of motor vehicle electronic products can be summarized as two types: one is the automotive electronic control devices， including the engine， chassis and body electronic One is car-car electronic devices， including motor vehicle information systems， navigation systems， car audio and video entertainment systems， automotive communications systems， Internet

Electronic brakeforce distribution or EBD or EBFD is an automobile brake technology that automatically varies the amount of force applied to each of a vehicle's brakes， based on road conditions， speed， loading， Always coupled with anti-lock braking systems， EBD can apply more or less braking pressure to each wheel in order to maximize stopping power whilst maintaining vehicular [1][2] Typically， the front end carries the most weight and EBD distributes less braking pressure to the rear brakes so the rear brakes do not lock up and cause a [3]How ABS worksUnder heavy braking， vehicle wheels may lock- The anti-lock braking system (ABS) monitors wheel speeds and releases pressure on individual wheel brake lines， rapidly pulsing individual brakes to prevent lock- During heavy braking， preventing wheel lock-up helps the driver maintain steering Modern ABS has four individual brake lines for each wheel， enabling different braking pressure on different road For example， less braking pressure is needed to lock a wheel on ice than a wheel which on bare If the left wheels are on asphalt and the right wheels are on ice， during an emergency stop， ABS detects the right wheels about to lock and reduces braking force on the right wheels， helping to avoid lock-up and loss of vehicle How EBD worksAs per SAE technical paper #920646 - Buschmann et "The job of the EBD as a subsystem of the ABS system is to control the effective adhesion utilization by the rear The pressure of the rear wheels is approximated to the ideal brake force distribution in a partial braking To do so， the conventional brake design is modified in the direction of rear axle overbraking， and the components of the ABS are EBD reduces the strain on the hydraulic brake force proportioning valve in the EBD optimizes the brake design with regard to: adhesion utilization; driving stability; wear; temperature stress; and pedal "EBD may work in conjunction with ABS and Electronic Stability Control ("ESC") to minimize yaw accelerations during ESC compares steering wheel angle to vehicle turning rate using a yaw rate "Yaw" is the vehicle's rotation around its vertical center of gravity (turning left or right) If the yaw sensor detects more/less yaw than the steering wheel angle should create， the car is understeering or oversteering and ESC activates one of the front or rear brakes to rotate the car back into its intended For example， if a car is making a left turn and begins to understeer (the car plows forward to the outside of the turn) ESC activates the left rear brake， which will help turn the car The sensors are so sensitive， and the actuation is so quick that the system may correct direction before the driver ABS helps prevent wheel lock-up and EBD helps apply appropriate brake force to make ESC work