关于汽车的论文题目有哪些初中数学
你自己没思路的话~可以看下（机械工程与技术 ）期刊里面的文献啊~看下这类论文别人是研究什么的~说不定就能找到自己的灵感
淘宝上也许有卖这类书的
有招编辑部这边做过类似的文章通过的哦，小编全程 免费 提供专业写作思路和构建框架， 在线构题辅导，这样能更准确的解决同学的问题哦，望采纳哦，，麻烦同学了。
怎么像作报告啊···
关于汽车的论文题目有哪些初中
你好！论文结合自己的工作任务，对工作方法及技巧进行总结，并说说自己对问题的解决或技能的掌握过程中的心得体会。三、 选题范围1） 发动机故障的诊断与排除过程2） 汽车底盘方面的故障排除过程3） 汽车电器方面的故障排除过程4） 汽车电控方面的故障排除过程5） 汽车美容操作工艺总结6） 汽车钣金工艺总结过程7） 汽车相关工作（工艺）流程
你看看交通技术期刊或者直接去汉斯出版社的官网检索相关文献就可以哈，看看别人是怎么写的，你找找灵感
这个专业的题目方向有很多 字数格式与要求么
关于汽车的论文题目有哪些初中生
提供一些关于汽车的毕业论文的题目，供参考。1 发动机排放技术的应用分析2 微型车怠速不良原因与控制措施3 柴油机电子控制系统的发展4 我国汽车尾气排放控制现状与对策5 发动机自动熄火的诊断分析6 汽车发动机的维护与保养7 柴油机微粒排放的净化技术发展趋势8 汽车污染途径及控制措施9 现代发动机自诊断系统探讨10 关于奔驰300SEL型不能着车的故障分析11 奔驰Sprinter动力不足的检测与维修12 上海通用别克发动机电控系统故障的诊断与检修13 现代伊兰特发动机电控系统故障的诊断与检修14 广本雅阁发动机电控系统故障的诊断与检修15 电子燃油喷射系统的诊断与维修16 帕萨特8T排放控制系统的结构控制原理与检修17 广本雅阁排放控制系统的结构控制原理与检修18 汽车发动机怠速成抖动现象的原因及排查方法探讨19 汽车排放控制系统的检修20 上海帕萨特B5电子燃油喷射系统的诊断与维修21 论汽车检测技术的发展22 奥迪A6排放控制系统的结构控制原理与检修23 丰田凌志400发动机电控系统故障的诊断与检修24 奥迪A6B5电子燃油喷射系统的诊断与维修25 标致307电子燃油喷射系统的诊断与维修26 捷达轿车发动机常见故障分析与检修27 汽车转向盘摆振故障分析28 防抱死系统在常用轿车上的使用特点分析29 汽车底盘的故障诊断分30 汽车的常用转向系统的性能分析31 汽车变速箱故障故障诊断32 安全气囊的发展与应用33 汽车制动系统故障诊断34 分析国产几种汽车行走系统特点35 分析国产几种汽车制动系统特点36 分析国产几种汽车转向系统特点37 机电液一体化技术在汽车中的应用38 丰田系列ABS故障诊断方法的探讨39 通用系列ABS故障诊断探讨40 奔驰560SEL车型ABS系统故障案例分析41 AL4自动变速器的结构控制原理与检修42 汽车制动系43 汽车四轮定位的探讨44 4T65E自动变速器的结构控制原理与检修45 上海通用别克转向系统故障的诊断与检修46 上海通用别克制动系统故障的诊断与检修47 现代伊兰特转向系统故障的诊断与检修48 现代伊兰特制动系统故障的诊断与检修49 SONATA制动系统的结构控制原理与检修50 电控悬架系统的结构控制原理与检修51 上海帕萨特B5自动变速器的结构控制原理与检修52 丰田佳美制动系统的结构控制原理与检修53 丰田凌志400悬架系统的结构控制原理与检修54 标致307制动系统故障的诊断与检修55 标致307手动变速器的结构控制原理与检修56 上海通用别克悬架与车桥故障分析与检修57 电控液动式自动变速器的结构控制原理与维修58 分析轮胎性能对汽车行走行使的影响59 捷达轿车底盘常见故障分析与检修60 汽车转向系课件设计61 汽车ABS综述62 车用防抱死制动系统设计63 汽车蓄电池的维护与故障控制64 信息技术在汽车中的应用65 现代汽车渗漏故障与控制技术66 汽车点火系统故障诊断67 丰田凌志400空调控制系统分析68 桑塔纳故障诊断方法的研究69 汽车空调技术浅析70 蒙迪欧的空调系统分析71 氧传感器故障检测72 传统诊断在轿车维修中的应用73 广本雅阁的空调系统故障的诊断与检修74 电子点火系统的诊断与维修75 上海帕萨特B5的空调系统故障的诊断与检修76 论车身计算机系统的结构控制原理与检修77 上海通用别克空调控制系统故障分析与检修78 广本雅阁电气设备及附件系统常见故障分析与检修79 汽车常用防盗系统综述80 汽车防撞技术综术81 现代汽车音响防干扰设计82 汽车电控技术分析83 奥迪A6电气设备及附件系统常见故障分析与检修84 上海通用别克电气设备及附件系统常见故障分析与检修85 标致307电气设备及附件系统常见故障分析与检修
你好！论文结合自己的工作任务，对工作方法及技巧进行总结，并说说自己对问题的解决或技能的掌握过程中的心得体会。三、 选题范围1） 发动机故障的诊断与排除过程2） 汽车底盘方面的故障排除过程3） 汽车电器方面的故障排除过程4） 汽车电控方面的故障排除过程5） 汽车美容操作工艺总结6） 汽车钣金工艺总结过程7） 汽车相关工作（工艺）流程
与汽车相关的论文题目有哪些初中数学
怎么像作报告啊···
淘宝上也许有卖这类书的
第一部分 摘要：随着电子技术在汽车上的普遍应用，汽车电路图已成为汽车维修人员必备的技术资料。目前，大部分汽车都装备有较多的电子控制装置，其技术含量高，电路复杂，让人难以掌握。正确识读汽车电路图，也需要一定的技巧。电路图是了解汽车上种类电气系统工作时使用的重要资料，了解汽车电路的类型及特点，各车系的电路特点及表达方式，各系统电路图的识读方法、规律与技巧，指导读者如何正确识读、使用电路图有很重要的作用。 汽车电路实行单线制的并联电路，这是从总体上看的，在局部电路仍然有串联、并联与混联电路。全车电路其实都是由各种电路叠加而成的，每种电路都可以独立分列出来，化复杂为简单。全车电路按照基本用途可以划分为灯光、信号、仪表、启动、点火、充电、辅助等电路。每条电路有自己的负载导线与控制开关或保险丝盒相连接。 关键词：电路 单行线制 系统 导线 各种车灯 目录：（1）全车线路的连接原则 （2）识读电路图的基本要求 （3）以东风EQ1090型载货汽车线路为例全车线路的认读 电源系统线起动系统线路点火系统线路 仪表系统线路照明与信号系统线路 (4)全车电路的导线 (5)识读图注意事项 论汽车电路的识读方法 在汽车上，往往一条线束包裹着十几支甚至几十支电线，密密麻麻令人难以分清它们的走向，加上电是看不见摸不着，因此汽车电路对于许多人来说，是很复杂的东西。但是任何事物都有它的规律性，汽车电路也不例外。 一般家庭用电是用交流电，实行双线制的并联电路，用电器起码有两根外接电源线。从汽车电路上看，从负载（用电器）引出的负极线（返回线路）都要直接连接到蓄电池负极接线柱上，如果都采用这样的接线方法，那么与蓄电池负极接线柱相连的导线会多达上百根。为了避免这种情况，设计者采用了车体的金属构架作为电路的负极，例如大梁等。因此，汽车电路与一般家庭用电则有明显不同：汽车电路全部是直流电，实行单线制的并联电路，用电器只要有一根外接电源线即可。 蓄电池负极和负载负极都连接到金属构架上，也就是称为“接地”。这样做就使负载引出的负极线能够就近连接，电流通过金属构架回流到蓄电池负极接线。随着塑料件等非金属材料在汽车上应用越来越多，现在很多汽车都采用公共接地网络线束来保证接地的可靠性，即将负载的负极线接到接地网络线束上，接地网络线束与蓄电池负极相连。 汽车电路实行单线制的并联电路，这是从总体上看的，在局部电路仍然有串联、并联与混联电路。全车电路其实都是由各种电路叠加而成的，每种电路都可以独立分列出来，化复杂为简单。全车电路按照基本用途可以划分为灯光、信号、仪表、启动、点火、充电、辅助等电路。每条电路有自己的负载导线与控制开关或保险丝盒相连接。 灯光照明电路是指控制组合开关、前大灯和小灯的电路系统；信号电路是指控制组合开关、转弯灯和报警灯的电路系统；仪表电路是指点火开关、仪表板和传感器电路系统；启动电路是指点火开关、继电器、起动机电路系统；充电电路是指调节器、发电机和蓄电池电路系统。以上电路系统是必不可少的，构成全车电路的基本部分。辅助电路是指控制雨刮器、音响等电路系统。随着汽车用电装备的增加，例如电动座椅、电动门窗、电动天窗等，各种辅助电路将越来越多。 旧式汽车电路比较简单，一般情况下，它们的正极线(俗称火线)分别与保险丝盒相接，负极线(俗称地线)共用，重要节点有三个，保险丝盒、继电器和组合开关，绝大部分电路系统的一端接保险丝或开关，另一端联接继电器或用电设备。但在现代汽车的用电装置越来越多的情况下，线束将会越来越多，布线将会越来越复杂。随着汽车电子技术的发展，现代汽车电路已经与电子技术相结合，采用共用多路控制装置，而不是象旧式汽车那样通过单独的导线来传送。 使用多路控制装置，各用电负载发送的输入信号通过电控单元（ECU）转换成数字信号，数字信号从发送装置传输到接收装置，在接收装置转换成所需信号对有关元件进行控制。这样就需在保险丝、开关和用电设备之间的电路上添加一个多路控制装置（参阅广州雅阁后雾灯线路简图）。采用多路控制线路系统可。 第二部分 第二部分简要介绍了全车线路识读的原则、要求与方法以及电路用线的规格。主要针对其在东风EQ1090车型 汽车电路与电器系统应用情况作了概括性的阐述。其包括了电源系统、启动系统、点火系统、照明与信号系统、仪表系统以及辅助电器系统等主要部分进行了说明。通过对东风EQ1090车型的系统学习，为以后接触到各类不同车型打下个坚实的基础。 一、全车线路的连接原则 全车线路按车辆结构形式、电器设备数量、安装位置、接线方法不同而各有不同，但其线路一般都以下几条原则： （1）汽车上各种电器设备的连接大多数都采用单线制； （2）汽车上装备的两个电源（发电机与蓄电池）必须并联连接； （3）各种用电设备采用并联连接，并由各自的开关控制； （4）电流表必须能够检测蓄电池充、放电电流的大小。因此，凡是蓄电池供电时，电流都要经过电流表与蓄电池构成的回路。但是，对于用电量大且工作时间较短的起动机电流则例外，即启动电流不经过电流表； （5）各型汽车均陪装保险装置，用以防止发生短路而烧坏用电设备。 了解上面的原则，对分析研究各种车型的电器线路以及正确判断电器故障很有帮助。 二、基本要求 一般来讲全车电路有三种形式，即：线路图、原理图、线束图。 (一)、识读电路图的基本要求 了解全车电路，首先要识读该车的线路图，因为线路图上的电器是用图形符号以及外形表示的，容易识别。此外，线路图上的电器设备的位置与实际车上的位置是对应的，容易认清主要设备在车上的实际位置，同时，也可对设备的功能获得感性认识。 识读电路图时，应按照用电设备的功用，识别主要用电设备的相对分布位置；识别用电设备的连接关系，初步了解单元回路的构成；了解导线的类型以及电流的走向。 （二）、识读原理图的基本要求 原理图是一图形符号方式，把全车用电设备、控制器、电源等按照一定顺序连接而成的。它的特点是将各单元回路依次排列，便于从原理上分析和认识汽车电路。 识读原理图时，应了解全车电路的组成，找出各单元回路的电流通路，分析回路的工作过程。 （三）、识读线束图的基本要求 线束图是用来说明导线在车辆上安装的指导图。图上每根导线所注名的颜色与标号就是实际车上导线的颜色和到端子的所印数字。按次数字将导线接在指定的相关电器设备的接线柱上，就完成了连接任务。即使不懂原理，也可以按次接线。 总上所述，掌握汽车全车线路（总线路），应按以下步骤进行： （1）对该车所使用的电气设备结构、原理有一定了解，知道他的规格。 （2）认真识读电路图，达到了解全车所使用电气设备的名称、数量和实际安排位置；设备所用的接线柱数量、名称等。 （3）识读原理图应了解主要电气设备的各接线柱和那些电器设备的接线柱相连；该设备分线走向；分线上开关、熔断器、继电器的作用；控制方式与过程。 （4）识读线束图应了解该车有多少线束，各线束名称及在车上的安装位置；每一束的分支同向哪个电器设备，每分支又有几根导线及他们的颜色与标号，连接在那些接线柱上；该车有那些插接器以及他们之间的连接情况。 （5）抓住典型电路，触类旁通。汽车电路中有许多部分是类似的，都是性质相同的基本回路，不同的只是个别情形。 三、全车线路的认读 下面以东风EQ1090型载货汽车线路为例，分析说明各电子系统电路的特点。东风EQ1090型载货汽车全车线路主要由电源系统、启动系统、点火系统、照明与信号系统、仪表系统以及辅助电器系统等组成。 （一）电源系统线路 电源系统包括蓄电池、交流发电机以及调节器，东风EQ1090汽车配装电子式电压调节器，电源线路如图。其特点如下： （1）发电机与蓄电池并联，蓄电池的充放电电流由电流表指示。接线时应注意电流表的-端接蓄电池正极，电流表的+端与交流发电机‘电枢’接线柱A或B连接，用电设备的电流也由电流表+端引出，这样电流表才能正确指示蓄电池的充、放电电流值。 （2）蓄电池的负极经电源总开关控制。当发电机转速很低，输出电压没有达到规定电压时，由蓄电池向发电机供给磁场电流。 （二）起动系统线路 启动系统由蓄电池、启动机、启动机继电器（部分东风EQ1090型汽车配装复合继电器）组成，系统线路如图。 启动发动机时，将点火开关置于“启动”档位，启动继电器（或复合继电器）工作，接通起动机电磁开关电路，从而接通起动机与蓄电池之间得电路，蓄电池便向起动机供给400~600A大电流，起动机产生驱动转矩将发动机起动。 发动机起动后，如果驾驶员没有及时松开点火开关，那么由于交流发电机电压升高，其中性点电压达5V时，在复合继电器的作用下，起动机的电磁开关将自动释放，切断蓄电池与起动电动机之间的电路，起动机便会自动停止工作。 根据国家标准GB9420--88的规定，汽车用起动电动机电路的电压降（每百安的培的电压差）12V电器系统不得超过2V，24V电器系统不的超过4V。因此，连接启动电动机与蓄电池之间的电缆必须使用具有足够横截面积的专用电缆并连接牢固，防止出现接触不良现象。 （三）点火系统线路 点火系统包括点火线圈、分电器、点火开关与电源。系统线路如图，其特点： （1）在低压电路中串有点火开关，用来接通与切断初级绕组电流； （2）点火线圈有两个低压接线端子，其中‘-’或‘1’端子应当连接分电器低压接线端子，“+”或“15”端子上连接有两根导线，其中来自起动机电磁开关的蓝色导线，（注：个别车型因出厂年代不同其导线颜色有可能不同）应当连接电磁开关的附加电阻短路开关端子“15a”；白色导线来自点火开关，该导线为附加电阻（电阻值为7欧姆左右）所以不能用普通导线代替。起动发动机时，初级电流并不经过白色导线，而是由蓄电池经起动电磁开关与蓝色导线直接流入点火线圈，使附加电阻线被短路，从而减小低压电路电阻，增大低压电流，保证发动机能顺利起动。 （3）在高压电路中，由分电器至各火花塞的导线称为高压导线，连接时必须按照气缸点火顺序依次连接。 （四）仪表系统线路 仪表系统包括电流表、油压表、水温表、燃油表与之匹配的传感器，系统线路如图所示。其特点如下： （1）电流表串联在电源电路里，用来指示蓄电池充、放电电流的大小。其他几种仪表相互并联，并由点火开关控制。 （2）水温表与燃油表共用一只电源稳压器，其目的是当电源电压波动时起到稳压仪表电源的作用，保证水温表与燃油表读数准确。电源稳压器的输出电压为64V+/-15V。 报警装置有油压过低报警灯和气压过低蜂鸣器，分别由各自的报警开关控制。当机油压力低于50~90kpa时，油压过低报警开关触电闭合，油压过低指示灯电路接通而发亮，指示发动机主油道机油压力过低，应及时停车维修。东风EQ1090型汽车采用气压制动系统，当制动系统的气压下降到340~370kpa时，气压过低蜂鸣器鸣叫，以示警告。 （五）照明与信号系统线路 照明与信号系统包括全车所有照明灯、灯光信号与音响信号，系统线路如图所示。其特点如下： （1）前照灯为两灯制，并采用双丝灯泡； （2）前照灯外侧为前侧灯，采用单灯丝，其光轴与牵照灯光轴成20度夹角，即分别向左右偏斜20度。因此，在夜间行车时，如果前照灯与前侧灯同时点亮，那么汽车正前方与左右两侧的较大范围内都有较好的照明，即使在汽车急转弯时，也能照亮前方的路面，从而大大改善了汽车在弯道多、转弯急的道路上行驶时的照明条件； （3）前照灯、前下灯、前侧灯及尾灯均由手柄式车灯开关控制； （4）设有灯光保护线路； （5）制动信号灯不受车灯总开关控制，直接经熔断丝与电源连接，只要踩下制动踏板，制动邓开关就会接通制动灯电路使制动灯发亮； （6）转向信号灯受转向灯开关控制； （7）电喇叭由喇叭按钮和喇叭继电器控制
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关于汽车的论文题目有哪些初中英语
Guide the future development of the concept of automotive vehicles Summary of high-tech popularization and application makes the pace of replacement automotive products faster and faster， also makes the Chinese automotive industry independent research and development level and technical level with the international on the growing gap in the development of the concept car is even more the difference between the very WTO accession for China car alarm sounded， but also tremendous opportunity， our government， as well as automotive companies must increase their research and automotive design input， to establish a positive right car design concept， the concept of extensive vehicle design Keywords concept car designed to develop science， technology and culture Technology start-ups PIONEERINGWITHSCIENCE & TECHNOLOGYMONTHLY The 21st century， in order to lead and performance of the new century， the development of future automotive trends， a number of international auto companies， one after another at the major auto show in the world to launch its own concept car and new There is， however， must be caused by a phenomenon we are concerned about: As a car big country， but few Chinese car makers to launch its own development and design concept Are one of the main reasons for China's automotive design concepts and methods， as well as the lack of research and development of concept cars do not pay enough It can be said that a self-designed and self-development capacity of the automobile industry， it is difficult to say that is a complete auto Thus we must intensify the study of automotive design and input， to establish a positive right car design concept， the concept of extensive vehicle 1 "concept car" is defined The so-called "concept cars" that have not yet begun to enter the market with a design unique and must advance the awareness of the new Its main characteristics are: it must give people are to consider that can guide the new concept It has just the design in general at the time， people's aesthetic ideas， the purchasing power and even the level of motor vehicle manufacturing industry is also Generally it will be it avant-garde design， innovative materials， bold use of a more perfect performance， the new car interior design indicates that the direction of development of the automobile Some of the world's largest car company every year to spend many human and material resources to design their own concept car， and in some large auto exposition on It can be said that with the continuous introduction of concept cars， the near future may occur on some concept cars have today， some features or functions of the But not necessarily a concept car will each eventually evolve into mass production cars to enter the market， the majority of concept cars are finally only a "concept" for people to discuss the 2 concept car， in reality the meaning of 1 concept car design and development of automotive products reflected the development trend of 1 the performance of the highest scientific level and the most sophisticated technology in concept car At the International Motor Show the previous， and the major automotive companies and the introduction of the concept of lot of cars， concept cars to remove these sleek， but also more integrated into a large number of high-tech and modern means of the introduction of the concept car to become Motor Company takes pride in the idea of the concept of automotive research and development are often accompanied by new technologies and the use of new materials with certain forward-looking， herald a new stage of development and the beginning for this reason that car companies the development of the concept car has invested great human and material resources， with its show car the company's strong momentum of Various high-tech applications， making car slowly evolved into information， communications， entertainment centers and the exchange of information with the outside world， the computer functions and Internet all-round involvement， in-car information and entertainment equipment， advanced navigation equipment， real-time traffic information function of the growing popularity of the inevitable demand of these high-tech automotive designers transcend time and space to establish a new value system， the emergence of various new technologies for the automotive design freely given to a wider Function of motor vehicles for further expansion and development of the concept car， the car gradually from the cold machinery into human information exchange platform， if the concept car has its own way of expressing their emotions with pregnant， anger， sadness and joy， such as facial expression make the concept car than in high volume production cars， become a new symbol of Concept Car Design of automotive products have greater and greater impact， it represents the development direction of the automobile industry and the basic idea of the automobile company design standards and a symbol of scientific and technological 2 human physiological needs and psychological needs of the largest Satisfied --- Automotive Engineering in the Ergonomics Ergonomics are 50 in the early 20th century with the rapid development of a new subject with the aim of research， design and engineering technology to solve the relationship between the human Car body design in ergonomics， it is to people (drivers and passengers) as the center， from the body's physiology， psychology， and exercise the human body， the research body design， layout and equipment in terms of how to adapt to people need to create a manipulation convenient， safe， reliable， beautiful and comfortable driving environment and take the environment， that is the best person to design a - vehicle - environment Automotive Design Human-Computer analysis of the first ministries to human size required for measurement， statistics and analysis， conducting interior layout design as a basis to determine the effective space vehicle， as well as parts， assemblies (seats， dashboard ， steering wheel， ) position and dimensions of the relationship between Through the study of human physiological structure， so that the seat design in full compliance with the requirements of human Based on the manipulation of human manipulation of the scope and power to determine the layout of the manipulator position and force size， so that when the human body to manipulate natural， rapid， accurate and lightweight， so as to reduce the degree of manipulation of Through the visual characteristics of the human eye， the effect of vision research， testing， checking driver information system， to ensure that drivers have access to proper driving Exercise in accordance with the characteristics of the human body to study the automobile collision on the human body， a reasonable protection， the right to determine the hinged point seat belts and binding on the human body to study the vibration of the impact on ride comfort， research on and get off at the convenience of passengers， and door openings in order to determine location and According to the body's physiological requirements， reasonable certainty that the air-conditioning system and Research on the psychological characteristics and requirements， to design a comfortable， beautiful， relaxed by the 3 virtual product development technology At present， a growing number of automotive design companies and manufacturing companies to start using virtual product development technology， using three-dimensional virtual reality 3D technology development concept Opel car using 3D virtual reality technology concept car design and Designers can experience floating in the air of a virtual image of car design and manufacturing， saving considerable development costs， and plans to be extended to its North American assembly plant to Britain's Rolls-Royce， Renault， France， Germany Audi， as well as Italy， Sweden and other auto plants are actively engaged in this virtual design and Over the past automotive research and development centers to develop new or modified are first shaped body sludge physical model， is extremely time-consuming Now automotive R & D， in particular the development of concept cars are increasingly seeking the shortest development If the introduction of virtual product development technologies， as long as the computer input data to construct a model figure model， in the laboratory can show an ideal vehicle images， as long as the engineers wear eyepiece， you can see clearly， there is such as a car in front of us true， after all the discussion of design engineers modifications， you can quickly design an ideal new Stereotypes， the computer can use the data， outsourcing trial and trial fitted the new parts and components， assembly achieve zero error， and the development of aging more rapidly than in the 4 the concept of green environment-friendly vehicles to the development trend of Since entering the 21st century， countries around the world have been produced about 5 billion vehicles， according to expert estimates that in 2010 global vehicle production will reach 75 People sigh at the rapid development of automobile industry， but also an increasing awareness of pollution from motor vehicles to harm human beings， so many countries of the vehicle to develop environmental protection measures and regulations to protect the environment for human survival， so automotive environmental protection the design of this new concept car design to be placed in a prominent position on the Improve energy efficiency， improved engine configurations， including electronically controlled fuel injection system， secondary air injection， thermal reactor， exhaust gas recirculation system， catalytic purification device， crankcase ventilation systems， fuel evaporation control The development of alternative fuels， research and development of new environmentally-friendly energy， including natural gas， liquefied petroleum gas， fast charging batteries， hybrid power， hydrogen In the automotive manufacturing process， use of green materials， green packaging， green manufacturing processes and equipment and equipment Green car recycling 2 Concept car indicates road traffic in the evolution of human behavior 1 Concept foretells the future of the way road traffic trends Along with the development of automobile， the vehicle status is also slowly change， now car in people's minds as a symbol， a symbol of wealth and the embodiment of a status， but the car as a way of the nature of road traffic has Concept car design is based on the nature of a car's innovative design Concept car at the design of the way through the daily life of mankind， human beings in road traffic in the use of methods such as behavior and ways of life all aspects of prediction and analysis， it is envisaged to solve the future in the way road traffic between the object harmonious Strong and high-speed in today's technology enables the development of means of transport have a much broader space for development， more and more high-tech continuously applied at a new At present many of the world's major auto companies have realized that the development of the next car is no longer the biggest obstacles are technical limitations， but limits the designers Now appearing in major auto show concept cars are generally two types: one is based on the latest available technology can achieve another kind of concept cars are those who put forward some innovative technology options but is still in the research phase of the concept Able to express their feelings such as car， truck can random shell replacement car， be able to easily change the driving mode of motor vehicles， be able to swim in the water of the amphibious vehicle， able to fly in space vehicles， be able to change Like from Toyota and Sony jointly developed by "POD" cars， will be able to through the car before the lights， mirrors， antenna， as well as the rear seat to the car owners to express their "" Like Volkswagen's Seat International Auto Show in the United States on the introduction of multi-functional concept car "Sal? Juancheng sa"， there are sports， comfort and three kinds of urban-type driving mode selection for 2 Concept of culture differences in performance The United States as a world leader in the auto industry， concept cars at the manufacturing are on the forefront in the At the United States because of cultural blending， collision， so the concept car embodies the greater the diversity of cultures; are also caused by a highly developed country commercial， commercial design and pragmatism prevailed， so the design is set up at a deep aesthetic Ethics on the real and solve practical With the American cars are in sharp contrast to the Japanese concept Japan as the world's output of the second car big country， its concept car many practical and imagination， technology is better than art， more concerned about solving technical problems， it can be said in Japan This is the premise of the concept of car design， each model is to solve one kinds of technical problems The Japanese car model to maintain a small， simple， style characteristics of the economy and harmonious relations between man-machine deal with the Japanese are reflected as a delicate oriental thinking and compromise approach to solve the The United States put the design of commercial operation as an important aspect， Japan put out of Products Designed to accelerate as a tool， Germany put Designed as a social and cultural foundation， while the French took the design as a designer of stage From various countries so the concept of car design in different styles， we can see different countries， different concepts， as well as their different cultural backgrounds 3 Concluding remarks The future of automotive design as the development of the inevitable progress of Automotive Technology with each passing day， many of the artistic style of the designer will make it even more widely and more strongly reflected in the car design， and give people a wider Under high-tech， and personality of the car more humane 21st century will be the necessity of the development of the automobile industry， because it is consistent with human culture， the pursuit of individuality and Therefore， the increase in automobile design concept of the attention and input， will be the development of China's automobile industry has played a great role in pushing References 1尹定邦 Introduction to Study Design [M] Hunan: Hunan Science and Technology Press， 1999 2张洪欣 Auto Design [M] Beijing: Mechanical Industry Press， 1997 3 Tang Jia-Ti， Han Xiao Jian had --- Product conceptual design theory， methods and techniques [M] Beijing: Mechanical Industry Press， 2002
How Manual Transmissions Work by Marshall Brain If you drive a stick-shift car， then you may have several questions floating in your How does the funny "H" pattern that I am moving this shift knob through have any relation to the gears inside the transmission? What is moving inside the transmission when I move the shifter? When I mess up and hear that horrible grinding sound， what is actually grinding? What would happen if I were to accidentally shift into reverse while I am speeding down the freeway? Would the entire transmission explode? In this article， we'll answer all of these questions and more as we explore the interior of a manual Cars need transmissions because of the physics of the gasoline First， any engine has a redline -- a maximum rpm value above which the engine cannot go without Second， if you have read How Horsepower Works， then you know that engines have narrow rpm ranges where horsepower and torque are at their For example， an engine might produce its maximum horsepower at 5，500 The transmission allows the gear ratio between the engine and the drive wheels to change as the car speeds up and slows You shift gears so the engine can stay below the redline and near the rpm band of its best Photo courtesy DaimlerChrysler Mercedes-Benz Actros， manual See more transmission Ideally， the transmission would be so flexible in its ratios that the engine could always run at its single， best-performance rpm That is the idea behind the continuously variable transmission (CVT) A CVT has a nearly infinite range of gear In the past， CVTs could not compete with four-speed and five-speed transmissions in terms of cost， size and reliability， so you didn't see them in production These days， improvements in design have made CVTs more The Toyota Prius is a hybrid car that uses a CVT The transmission is connected to the engine through the The input shaft of the transmission therefore turns at the same rpm as the engine
首先先要说明越来越多的人拥有了私家车。（必然趋势）First there r more and more families own a car or 解释为什么会有这样的趋势。原因 1私家车比较方便 2国名生活条件的提高 3身份的象征 等等。Because it's more convenient to hang out when u have u can go anywhere u want and no need to worry about u will miss the train or bus and then wait for a long (因为当你拥有一辆车时，出游更方便，不用担心耽误火车或者巴士，然后再花很多时间去等）otherwise there are more and more people get rich The cars r not like before that only a few people can And some people think get a car is a sign that u r one of the rich (另外越来越多的人变的富有，车子也不想从前只有少部分人能买到，而且一些人认为有辆车是富有的标志）然后叙述一下车子的弊端弊端 1污染环境 2交通堵塞 3停车难But as we all know the Car exhaust lead the problem of Global W(但是众所周知，汽车的废气导致了全球变暖）And too manys cars in the road cause the Traffic (而且太多车在路上造成交通堵塞）another problem is we need more place to parking the The cars Occupy more space with our public (还有一个问题是我们需要跟多地方停车，车子占据了我们更多公共空间）接下来阐明你的观点1 支持私家车 2 不支持私家车 （在这里建议选择第二个，因为在环保的大前提下，低碳生活最重要。）And my opinion is cars bring us the convenient but it also bring the Environmental In the long term i think we should contral the number of (我的观点是，汽车带给我们方便的同时也带来了环境问题，从长远角度看我们要控制汽车数量）最后点题we cant stop that more and more families own a car but we need consider the problem that cause from （我们无法阻止越来越多的家庭买车，但是我们至少要考虑下车子带给我们的问题）字数可能不够，自己在添油加醋点，应该可以，希望对你有帮助。
Electronic brakeforce distribution or EBD or EBFD is an automobile brake technology that automatically varies the amount of force applied to each of a vehicle's brakes， based on road conditions， speed， loading， Always coupled with anti-lock braking systems， EBD can apply more or less braking pressure to each wheel in order to maximize stopping power whilst maintaining vehicular [1][2] Typically， the front end carries the most weight and EBD distributes less braking pressure to the rear brakes so the rear brakes do not lock up and cause a [3]How ABS worksUnder heavy braking， vehicle wheels may lock- The anti-lock braking system (ABS) monitors wheel speeds and releases pressure on individual wheel brake lines， rapidly pulsing individual brakes to prevent lock- During heavy braking， preventing wheel lock-up helps the driver maintain steering Modern ABS has four individual brake lines for each wheel， enabling different braking pressure on different road For example， less braking pressure is needed to lock a wheel on ice than a wheel which on bare If the left wheels are on asphalt and the right wheels are on ice， during an emergency stop， ABS detects the right wheels about to lock and reduces braking force on the right wheels， helping to avoid lock-up and loss of vehicle How EBD worksAs per SAE technical paper #920646 - Buschmann et "The job of the EBD as a subsystem of the ABS system is to control the effective adhesion utilization by the rear The pressure of the rear wheels is approximated to the ideal brake force distribution in a partial braking To do so， the conventional brake design is modified in the direction of rear axle overbraking， and the components of the ABS are EBD reduces the strain on the hydraulic brake force proportioning valve in the EBD optimizes the brake design with regard to: adhesion utilization; driving stability; wear; temperature stress; and pedal "EBD may work in conjunction with ABS and Electronic Stability Control ("ESC") to minimize yaw accelerations during ESC compares steering wheel angle to vehicle turning rate using a yaw rate "Yaw" is the vehicle's rotation around its vertical center of gravity (turning left or right) If the yaw sensor detects more/less yaw than the steering wheel angle should create， the car is understeering or oversteering and ESC activates one of the front or rear brakes to rotate the car back into its intended For example， if a car is making a left turn and begins to understeer (the car plows forward to the outside of the turn) ESC activates the left rear brake， which will help turn the car The sensors are so sensitive， and the actuation is so quick that the system may correct direction before the driver ABS helps prevent wheel lock-up and EBD helps apply appropriate brake force to make ESC work