美国文学论文英文版2500字数量

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已发送，请查收，一个txt文档英文论文-文学类例文Abstract: Robinson Crusoe is a legendary person created by Daniel D He survived on a lonely island for twenty-eight years with his amazing And finally he overcame the adversity and created the splendor of his own When he was confronting adversity， he knew to lose is another way to gain， and he made plans for his future He did everything according to certain And he never gave Nowadays， people live in a better Nobody would have the experiences like Robinson’s， but people may come across some difficulty or When they are confronting the adversity， they should adjust their attitudes， make plans for the future actively， be good at bringing forth new ideas in adversity， and never give up the hope to get out of it， struggle against it indomitably like Robinson C Eventually they will get out of the adversity， and create the splendor of their own Key Words: adversity; hope; innovation; perseverance; splendorIntroductionIt is well known that Robinson Crusoe is a great character by Daniel D Though Robinson is a fictitious great person， he tells people the truth that we should confront the adversity Robinson Crusoe’s life is full of He was born in a good family in the city of Y Owing to his rambling thoughts about going to the sea， he broke loose to be a sailor against his parents’ Unfortunately， he was caught by the Morning and became a slave at the African Because of the unbearable life， he escaped from his Patron in a Then he was saved by a And he was sent to Brazils He became rich by But when some one suggested going to the sea to buy and sell Negroes， he surrendered himself to his dream Then he stepped on his way to navigation to A On the way there， they were caught in a violent storm， which brought death to everyone except R He was driven by the current and drifted to an island and was Since then he began his life on the

American literature refers to written or literary work produced in the area of the United States and Colonial A For more specific discussions of poetry and theater， see Poetry of the United States and Theater in the United SOverviewDuring its early history， America was a series of British colonies on the eastern coast of the present-day United S Therefore， its literary tradition begins as linked to the broader tradition of English However， unique American characteristics and the breadth of its production usually now cause it to be considered a separate path and Colonial literatureSome of the earliest forms of American literature were pamphlets and writings extolling the benefits of the colonies to both a European and colonist John Smith of Jamestown could be considered the first American author with his works: A True Relation of Virginia (1608) and The General Historie of Virginia， New England， and the Summer Isles (1624) Other writers of this manner included Daniel Denton， Thomas Ashe， William Penn， George Percy， William Strachey， John Hammond， Daniel Coxe， Gabriel Thomas， and John LThe religious disputes that prompted settlement in America were also topics of early A journal written by John Winthrop discussed the religious foundations of the Massachusetts Bay C Edward Winslow also recorded a diary of the first years after the Mayflower's Other religiously influenced writers included Increase Mather and William Bradford， author of the journal published as a History of Plymouth Plantation， 1620– Others like Roger Williams and Nathaniel Ward more fiercely argued state and church Some poetry also Anne Bradstreet and Edward Taylor are especially Michael Wigglesworth wrote a best-selling poem， The Day of Doom， describing the time of Nicholas Noyes was also known for his doggerel Other early writings described conflicts and interaction with the Indians， as seen in writings by Daniel Gookin， Alexander Whitaker， John Mason， Benjamin Church， and Mary R John Eliot translated the Bible into the Algonquin Jonathan Edwards and Cotton Mather represented the Great Awakening， a religious revival in the early 18th century that asserted strict C Other Puritan and religious writers include Thomas Hooker， Thomas Shepard， Uriah Oakes， John Wise， and Samuel W Less strict and serious writers included Samuel Sewall， Sarah Kemble Knight， and William BThe revolutionary period also contained political writings， including those by colonists Samuel Adams， Josiah Quincy， John Dickinson， and Joseph Galloway， a loyalist to the Two key figures were Benjamin Franklin and Thomas P Franklin's Poor Richard's Almanac and The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin are esteemed works with their wit and influence toward the formation of a budding American Paine's pamphlet Common Sense and The American Crisis writings are seen as playing a key role in influencing the political tone of the During the revolution itself， poems and songs such as "Yankee Doodle" and "Nathan Hale" were Major satirists included John Trumbull and Francis H Philip Morin Freneau also wrote poems about the war's Early US literatureIn the post-war period， The Federalist essays by Alexander Hamilton， James Madison， and John Jay prepresented a historical discussion of government organization and republican Thomas Jefferson's United States Declaration of Independence， his influence on the Constitution， his autobiography， the Notes on the State of Virginia， and the mass of his letters have led to him being considered one of the most talented early American Fisher Ames， James Otis， and Patrick Henry are also valued for their political writings and The first American novel is sometimes considered to be William Hill Brown's The Power of Sympathy (1789) Much of the early literature of the new nation struggled to find a uniquely American European forms and styles were often transferred to new locales and critics often saw them as For example， Wieland and other novels by Charles Brockden Brown (1771-1810) are often seen as imitations of the Gothic novels then being written in EUnique American styleWith the War of 1812 and an increasing desire to produce uniquely American work， a number of key new literary figures appeared， perhaps most prominently Washington Irving， William Cullen Bryant， James Fenimore Cooper， and Edgar Allan P Irving， often considered the first writer to develop a unique American style (although this is debated) wrote humorous works in Salmagundi and the well-known satire A History of New York， by Diedrich Knickerbocker (1809) Bryant wrote early romantic and nature-inspired poetry， which evolved away from their European In 1835， Poe began writing short stories -- including The Masque of the Red Death， The Pit and the Pendulum， The Fall of the House of Usher， and The Murders in the Rue Morgue -- that explore previously hidden levels of human psychology and push the boundaries of fiction toward mystery and Cooper's Leatherstocking tales about Natty Bumppo were popular both in the new country and Humorous writers were also popular and included Seba Smith and Benjamin P Shillaber in New England and Davy Crockett， Augustus Baldwin Longstreet， Johnson J Hooper， Thomas Bangs Thorpe， Joseph G Baldwin， and George Washington Harris writing about the American The New England Brahmins were a group of writers connected to Harvard University and its seat in Cambridge， M The core included James Russell Lowell， Henry Wadsworth Longfellow， and Oliver Wendell Holmes， SIn 1836， Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803-1882)， an ex-minister， published a startling nonfiction work called Nature， in which he claimed it was possible to dispense with organized religion and reach a lofty spiritual state by studying and responding to the natural His work influenced not only the writers who gathered around him， forming a movement known as Transcendentalism， but also the public， who heard him Emerson's most gifted fellow-thinker was perhaps Henry David Thoreau (1817-1862)， a resolute After living mostly by himself for two years in a cabin by a wooded pond， Thoreau wrote Walden， a book-length memoir that urges resistance to the meddlesome dictates of organized His radical writings express a deep-rooted tendency toward individualism in the American Other writers influenced by Transcendentalism were Bronson Alcott， Margaret Fuller， George Ripley， Orestes Brownson， and Jones VThe political conflict surrounding Abolitionism inspired the writings of William Lloyd Garrison and his paper The Liberator， along with poet John Greenleaf Whittier and Harriet Beecher Stowe in her world-famous Uncle Tom's CIn 1837， the young Nathaniel Hawthorne (1804-1864) collected some of his stories as Twice-Told Tales， a volume rich in symbolism and occult Hawthorne went on to write full-length "romances，" quasi-allegorical novels that explore such themes as guilt， pride， and emotional repression in his native New E His masterpiece， The Scarlet Letter， is the stark drama of a woman cast out of her community for committing Hawthorne's fiction had a profound impact on his friend Herman Melville (1819-1891)， who first made a name for himself by turning material from his seafaring days into exotic Inspired by Hawthorne's example， Melville went on to write novels rich in philosophical In Moby Dick， an adventurous whaling voyage becomes the vehicle for examining such themes as obsession， the nature of evil， and human struggle against the In another fine work， the short novel Billy Budd， Melville dramatizes the conflicting claims of duty and compassion on board a ship in time of His more profound books sold poorly， and he had been long forgotten by the time of his He was rediscovered in the early decades of the 20th Anti-transcendental works from Melville， Hawthorne， and Poe all comprise the Dark Romanticism subgenre of literature popular during this

美国文学论文英文版2500字数

Emily Elizabeth Dickinson (December 10， 1830 – May 15， 1886) was an American Dickinson was a prolific private poet， though fewer than a dozen of her nearly eighteen hundred poems were published during her The work that was published during her lifetime was usually altered significantly by the publishers to fit the conventional poetic rules of the Dickinson's poems are unique for the era in which she wrote; they contain short lines， typically lack titles， and often utilize slant rhyme as well as unconventional capitalization and Many of her poems deal with themes of death and immortality， two subjects which infused her letters to Although most of her acquaintances were probably aware of Dickinson's writing， it was not until after her death in 1886—when Lavinia， Emily's younger sister， discovered her cache of poems—that the breadth of Dickinson's work became Her first collection of poetry was published in 1890 by personal acquaintances Thomas Wentworth Higginson and Mabel Loomis Todd， both of whom heavily edited the A complete and mostly unaltered collection of her poetry became available for the first time in 1955 when The Poems of Emily Dickinson was published by scholar Thomas H J Despite unfavorable reviews and skepticism of her literary prowess during the late 19th and early 20th century， critics now consider Dickinson to be a major American

英文作文---921地震　　　　　　　　What I was doing when the 921 earthquake happened? 　　　　In the 921 earthquake， I and my girlfriend are We are on the bed， doing i am up， and she is So， we are up and down， up and 　　　　　　　　The earthquake is more and more big， and we are more and more 　　　　Though my girlfriend says no no I know her heart says yes yes At last， we are into high 潮 That day， we are the happiest

美国文学论文英文版2500字

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传承与嬗变-----美国浪漫主义文学浅说浪漫主义思潮于1820年至1860年间在美国盛行。而此时欧洲的浪漫主义思潮已经趋于衰微，逐渐被现实主义思潮所代替。浪漫主义思潮在欧洲各国的发展也不尽相同，美国作为后起之秀对欧洲各国浪漫主义的吸纳表现出综合性的特征。在19世纪初期，英国浪漫主义诗歌曾在美国掀起一阵狂热，但是持续时间较短。20年代末德国浪漫主义思想经斯塔尔夫人、柯勒律治、托马斯�6�1卡莱尔的过滤介绍被美国大学学子视为经典，催生出美国浪漫主义的新生儿超验主义。然而超验主义对散文和诗歌的偏爱、对小说的排斥虽然代表了清教主义的正统思想，却不符合浪漫主义崇尚自由的思想，也无法吸引大众读者。此时随着美国经济的迅速发展，大众读者需要的是轻松、娱乐、想象性的读物，小说是他们的首选。美国作家面临艰难的处境：他们的作品既要拥有大量的读者，又要符合批评界的常识标准——真实。从洛克的经验哲学发展而来的常识哲学使得维护清教传统的美国人越发将事实和想象看成对立的两极，无法调和共存。美国小说家在创作过程中发现。他们无法创造绝对的真实，所以只能借助罗曼司已经获得的想象的诗学许可进行自由的创作。美国小说家对中世纪罗曼司中的爱情故事和超自然现象丝毫不感兴趣，他们唯一需要的是浪漫主义所崇尚的想象力和罗曼司所具有的自由表达想象的特权。浪漫主义时期开始于十八世纪末，到内战爆发为止，是美国文学史上最重要的时期。华盛顿�6�1欧文出版的《见闻札记》标志着美国文学的开端，惠特曼的《草叶集》[2、3、4]是浪漫主义时期文学的压卷之作。浪漫主义时期的文学是美国文学的繁荣时期，所以也称为“美国的文艺复兴。” 　　19世纪初，美国完全摆脱了对英国的依赖，以独立国家的身份进入世界政治舞台。这时期作家们跟英国浪漫主义作家一样，强调文学的想象力和感情色彩，反对古典主义的形式和观点，歌颂大自然，崇尚个人与普通人的思想感情，并且寻根问祖发幽古思情。美国社会的发展哺育了“一个伟大民族的文学”。年轻的美国没有历史的沉重包袱，很快在政治、经济和文化方面成长为一个独立的国家。这一时期也是美国历史上西部扩张时期，到1860年领土已开拓到太平洋西岸。到十九世纪中叶，美国已由原来的十三个州扩大到二十一个州，人口从1790年的四百万增至 1860年的三千万。在经济上，年轻的美国经历向工业的转化，影响所及不仅仅是城市，而且也包括农村。蒸汽动力在工、农业生产上的运用、工厂的建立、劳动力的大量需求以及科技上的发明创造使经济生活得到了重组。另外，大量移民促进了工业更加蓬勃的发展。政治上，民主与平等成为这个年轻国家的理想，产生了两党制。值得一提的是这个国家的文学和文化生活。随着独立的美国政府的成立，美国人民已感到需要有美国文学，表达美国人民所特有的经历:早期清教徒的殖民，与印第安人的遭遇，边疆开发者的生活以及西部荒原等。这个年轻国家的文学富有想象，已产生了一种文学环境。报刊杂志如雨后春笋，出现了一大批文学读者，形成了十九世纪上半叶蓬勃的浪漫主义的文学思潮。　　外国的，尤其是英国的文学大师对美国作家产生了重大影响。美国作家由于秉承了与英国一样的文化传统，形成了同英国一样的浪漫主义风格。欧文 (Irving)、库柏(Cooper)，坡(Poe)，弗伦诺(Freneau)和布雷恩特(Bryant)一一反古典主义时期的文学样式和文学思潮，开创了较新的小说和诗歌形式。这一时期大多数美国文学作品中，普遍强调文学的想象力和情感因素，注重生动的描写、异国情调的表达、感官的体会和对超自然力的描述。美国作家特别注意感情的自由表达和人物的心理描写。作品中的主人公富有敏感激动的特质。注重表现个人和普通人是这一时期作品的强烈倾向，几乎成了美国的信仰。富雷诺、布雷思特和库柏等人的作品对客观自然的描写有强烈的兴趣。富雷诺在"帝国的废墟"主题中对过去情景的描写绘声绘色，布雷恩特对北美五大湖区的史前印第安人描述引人入胜，欧文对哈德逊河传说的巧加利用炉火纯青，库柏的长篇历史小说深入细致。总的来说，美国浪漫主义时期的文学上接英国文学传统，下开美国文学之风。　　虽然美国文学受到外国文学的影响，但这一时期著名的文学作品表现的却是富有美国色彩的浪漫主义思想。“西部开拓”就是一个说明美国作家表现自己国家的恰好的例子。他们大量描述了美国本土的自然风光:原始的森林、广袤的平原、无际的草原、沧茫的大海、不一而足。这些自然景物成为人们品格的象征，形成了美国文学中离开尘世，心向自然的传统。这些传统在库柏的《皮袜子的故事》(Leather Stocking Tales〉、梭罗的《沃尔顿》 (Walden)以及后来马克�6�1吐温的《哈克贝里�6�1芬历险记》(Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn)中都得到了明显的表现。随着美国民族意识的增长，在小说、诗歌中美国人物都越来越明显地操本地方言，作品多表现农民、穷人、儿童以及没有文化的人，还有那些虽然没文化但心地高尚的红种人和白种人。美国清教作为一种文化遗产，对美国人的道德观念产生了很大影响，在美国文学中也留下了明显的印迹。一个明显的表现就是，比起欧洲文学，美国文学的道德倾向十分浓厚。在霍桑(Hawthorne)、梅尔维尔(Melville)以及其他一些小作家的作品中加尔文主义的原罪思想和罪恶的神秘性都得到了充分的表现。　　美国浪漫主义文学运动足能标炳的是新英格兰的超验主义运动。该运动开始于19世纪30年代的新英格兰的先验主义俱乐部。本来，这个超验主义只是对新英格兰人提出来的。它是针对波士顿的唯一神教派的冷淡古板的理性主义而提的。而后来逐渐影响到全国，特别是在高级知识分子和文学界人士当中影响颇大，成为浪漫主义运动的核心。超验主义，它崇尚直觉，反对理性和权威，强调人有能力凭直觉直接认识真理，人能超越感觉获得知识。超验主义文学的主要代表是爱默生(Emerson)[5]和梭罗(Henry Davd Thoreau)，他们的作品对美国文学产生了很大影响。超验主义理论的奠基人是爱默生，他的《论自然》曾被称为超验主义理论的“圣经”。超验主义“承认人类具有本能了解或认识真理的能力，能够超过感官获取知识”。爱默生[5]曾说：“只有人心灵的尊严才是最神圣的。”超验主义还认为自然是高尚的，个人是神圣的，因此人必须自助。在诗歌方面，新英格兰地区比较出名的诗人有郎费罗，在波士顿有惠蒂诶，他的长诗《大雪封门》被称为“一部优美的新英格兰田园诗”。这一时期涌现了许多作家，著名的有富雷诺(Philip Freneau)、布雷恩特(William Cullen Bryant)、郎费罗 (Henry Wordsworth Longfellow)、娄威尔(James Rassel Lowell)、惠特 (John Greenleaf Whitter〉、爱伦�6�1坡[6] (Edgar Ellen Poe)、以及惠特曼[2、3、4、8] (Walt Whitman)。19世纪最伟大的美国浪漫主义诗人是惠特曼，惠特曼1855年出版的《草叶集》[2、3、4、8](Leaves of Grass)是美国十九世纪最有影响的诗歌。《草叶集》[2、3、4、8]标志着美国文学进入了一个崭新的时代。另一位革新诗人是狄金森[7、8]，她被誉为美国20世纪新诗的先驱。浪漫主义时期两位最重要的小说家是霍桑和梅尔维尔，在浪漫派作家中埃德加�6�1爱伦�6�1坡[6]是第一位美国主张为艺术而艺术的人。美国浪漫主义时期的小说富有独创性、多样性，有华盛顿�6�1欧文的喜剧性寓言体小说，有爱伦�6�1坡[6]的歌德式惊险故事，有库柏的边疆历险故事，有麦尔维尔长篇叙事，有霍桑的心理罗曼史，有戴维斯 (Rebecca Harding Davis)的社会现实小说。美国浪漫主义作家在人性的理解上也各自不同。爱默生、梭罗等超验主义者认为人类在自然中是神圣的，因此人类是可以完善的，但霍桑和麦尔维尔则认为人们在内心上都是罪人，因此需要道德力量来改善人性。《红字》[9]一书就典型地反映了这个观点。总之，美国浪漫主义文学在一定程度上与欧洲浪漫主义文学之间有衍生性，与启蒙思想相悖，强调感情、想象和主观性。但大部分美国浪漫主义文学作品还是典型的美国化作品。美国浪漫主义文学的特征与其产生的特定的社会、历史、文化背景渊源相关，反映了美利坚民族一个“真正全新的经历”、深受美国清教主义运动的影响、信仰个人主义和直觉的价值、追求民主与政治上的平等、强调“使命感”以及多样化的创作形式。

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美国文学论文英文版800字数量

你可以从以下几个方面着手：•the difference between the United Kingdom， Great Britain， and England:回答：• The United Kingdom: a country that consists of Great Britain and Northern I • Great Britain: the name of the island northwest of France and east of Ireland that consists of three somewhat autonomous（自治的） regions: England， Wales and S • England is part of Great Britain， which is part of the United K • The UK includes England， Wales， Scotland， and Northern I E Wales， Scotland， and Northern Ireland are not countries but the United Kingdom • The Highlanders: the Scots who live in the mountainous regions of the Highlands in Northern S • They are proud， independent and hardy people who maintain their strong cultural They mainly live by farming sheep in mountain areas or fishing on the coasts and • The reputation of the Scots: inventive， hardworking， serious-minded and cautious with (In the past， they were pioneer settlers and empire builders in places like America， Canada， Australia， South Africa and New Z)• their distinctive national dress: kilt• Bagpipes• The Scots can be recognized by and their particular style of speech and accent 2宗教：回答：• The Catholic Church: refers to the Christian church headed by the P All members of the church accept the gospel of Christ and the teachings of the B Any revolt against the traditional Christian faith was “heresy” • In the Middle Ages， the Popes was extremely In the 16th century， some of the actual beliefs and practices of the Catholic Church were questioned by Protestant doctrines and there was a great deal of persecution by C • The Protestant Church: refers to the Christian church whose faith and practice originated with the principles of the R As the Pope’s political power and religious authority declined in the `6th， Protestant churches sprang up in Northern Europe in opposition to the established Roman Catholic C In Britain， Protestantism gradually became the dominant faith in the Elizabethan • Christianity: refers to all doctrines and religious groups based on the teaching of Jesus C It was founded in the 1st century in P Jesus Christ is accepted by Christians as the son of God， and his teaching is contained in the Bible， the holy book of C In Europe， Christianity is divided into three major Roman Catholic Church， Protestant Church and Orthodox Eastern Church(东正教)学校的不同：回答：British Educaion• Public schools: are the secondary boarding schools that prepare students chiefly for They are supported entirely by fees and private • The name “public school” is traditional one with little meaning today， since far from being public these schools are restricted to a comparatively small section of the • “Public school” is a traditional name with little meaning today， because far from being public， public schools are restricted to a comparatively small section of the • Some people feel， the greatest argument for public schools is the strikingly high proportion of ex-public-school boys occupying senior posts in the government， the armed forces， the church， t he universities， the professions， and even in They say， this proves the superiority of a public school • It was the public schools that laid the foundations of English • In England， parents who are rich and conservative in politics will most probably send their children to public • Three famous public schools in Britain: Eton， Harrow and R• Prep schools: also called preparatory schools， they are private elementary schools in Britain， which prepare their students for public • The prep school curriculum differs considerably from that of the junior school， and there is a distinctive boarding At the age of thirteen， the students will take the “common entrance” examination for admission to a “public school”• The prep school curriculum differs considerably from that of the junior school， since its main target is not the “eleven plus，” but the “common entrance” examination at the age of 13， for admission to a public • The public schools today are no longer as superior and exclusive as they used to • Firstly， their perfect system， their house system and their tradition of sport have been widely adopted in state secondary schools， and ，many grammar schools have academic records which many a public school might • Secondly， many so-called public schools are dependent on an annual grant from the central government， in return for which they award between a quarter and a half of their places to pupils paying reduced fees or none at • Thirdly， all public schools too， except a few of recognized standard， are liable to be inspected by the S• There is thus a gradual progress away from exclusiveness in British • Oxford University was founded in the twelfth It contains about thirty separate • Cambridge University was founded in the thirteenth It contains about twenty separate • There four Scottish universities dating from the 15th and 16th They are St Andrews， Glasgow， Aberdeen， and E • London University has far more students than any other British • “red brick”: is a slightly contemptuous term to refer to the large group of nineteenth-and-twentieth-century universities and university colleges in B• “red brick” describes their construction， which is contrasted with the more dignified and solidlooking ancient stone architecture of Oxford and C • The two widely admired features of Oxford and Cambridge : are te college system and the tutorial • The college system of Oxford and Cambridge: is one whereby all students live in college during at least part of their The value of this system lies in fostering a community spirit in which a useful mingling of intelligence can take • The tutorial system of Oxford and Cambridge: is one whereby each student gets personal tuition once a week in his tutor’s own • Open University: was founded in Britain in 1969 for people who may not get the opportunity for higher education for economic or social It is open to everybody， and does not demand the same formal qualifications as the other It is non- Lectures are broadcast on TV and At the end of the course， successful students are awarded a university • The Welfare State回答：• 1) Britain: a welfare state in the sense that it should ensure， as far as it can， that nobody should be without the means for the minimum necessities of life as the result of unemployment， old age， sickness or over —large • 2) The system of national insurance pays out benefits to people who are unemployed， or unable to earn because they are old or • 3) Free or nearly free medical and dental care is provided for everyone under the National Health S • 4) Supplementary benefits are provided for people who live below the minimum he retirement pension• 1) It may be received by any man from the age of 65 (provided he has made his weekly contributions to the fund) if he ceases to work， and by any woman from the age of • 2) A man who continues to work after the age of 65 gets no pension at first， but when he is over 70 he gets a bigger • 3) People may receive additional pensions by paying higher contributions while they are • 4) There are in addition non-state methods of providing for retirement Family allowances• (1) They are paid directly out of public money contributed by • (2) For the first child of a family， nothing is paid， but an allowance is made for all children after the • (3) The payments continue until a child leaves school and are subject to income • (4) There are special payments for widows who have children;payments continue until a child leaves school and are subject to income • (5) There are special payments for widows who have "meals on wheels"• "meals on wheels" : refers to meals which are prepared by the public authorities in a central kitchen and then distributed to infirm old people by women who belong to voluntary organizations， using their own • "meals on wheels" (1) It is a kind of unpaid service voluntarily performed by public- spirited (2) Meals are distributed to infirm old people in old peoples' homes by women who belong to voluntary organizations， using their own • The grades of the doctors in hospitals : the “housemen“(实习医生) or residents(住院医生) are in the lowest grade and the Consultants are in the highest • "housemen" or residents: refers to those newly-qualified doctors who spend a year or two living in hospitals gaining experience under • the Consultants(会诊医生) must not work in the hospital for the whole of their They may work in the hospital either for the whole of their time or for part of their

论《洛丽塔》中纳博科夫的现代意识 (文化冲突)The Dispiriting Incompatibility of European and American CulturesThroughout Lolita， the interactions between European and American cultures result in perpetual misunderstandings and Charlotte Haze， an American， is drawn to the sophistication and worldliness of Humbert， a E She eagerly accepts Humbert not so much because of who he is， but because she is charmed by what she sees as the glamour and intellect of Humbert’s Humbert has no such reverence for C He openly mocks the superficiality and transience of American culture， and he views Charlotte as nothing but a simple-minded However， he adores every one of Lolita’s vulgarities and chronicles every detail of his tour of America—he enjoys the possibilities for freedom along the open American He eventually admits that he has defiled the country rather than the other way Though Humbert and Lolita develop their own version of peace as they travel together， their union is clearly not based on understanding or Lolita cannot comprehend the depth of Humbert’s devotion， which he overtly links to art， history， and culture， and Humbert will never truly recognize Lolita’s unwillingness to let him sophisticate Eventually， Lolita leaves Humbert for the American Quilty， who does not bore her with high culture or grand 偶然和无常纳博科夫的《洛丽塔》中的混沌 (心里和心理学方面的混乱)The Inadequacy of PsychiatryHumbert’s passion for Lolita defies easy psychological analysis， and throughout Lolita Humbert mocks psychiatry’s tendency toward simplistic， logical In the foreword to Lolita， John Ray， J， PD， claims that Humbert’s tale will be of great interest to psychiatry， but throughout his memoir Humbert does his best to discredit the entire field of study， heaping the most scorn on Freudian For example， he enjoys lying to the psychiatrists at the He reports mockingly that Pratt， the headmistress of Lolita’s school， diagnoses Lolita as sexually immature， wholly unaware that she actually has an overly active sex life with her By undermining the authority and logic of the psychiatric field， Nabokov demands that readers view Humbert as a unique and deeply flawed human being， but not an insane Humbert further thwarts efforts of scientific categorization by constantly describing his feelings for Lolita as an enchantment or spell， closer to magic than to He tries to prove that his love is not a mental disease but an enormous， strange， and uncontrollable emotion that resists easy Nabokov himself was deeply critical of psychiatry， and Lolita is， in a way， an attack on the 以《洛丽塔》为例分析文学内在价值与社会道德规范的冲突解析《洛丽塔》中主人公的悲剧命运论《洛丽塔》的悲剧意义(这段3个主题都有相关，但是不详细)Humbert and Lolita are both exiles， and， alienated from the societies with which they are familiar， they find themselves in ambiguous moral territory where the old rules seem not to Humbert chooses exile and comes willingly from Europe to America， while Lolita is forced into exile when Charlotte She becomes detached from her familiar community of Ramsdale and goes on the road with H Together， they move constantly and belong to no single fixed The tourists Humbert and Lolita meet on the road are similarly transient， belonging to a generic America rather than to a specific In open， unfamiliar territory， Humbert and Lolita form their own set of rules， where normal sexual and familial relationships become twisted and Both Humbert and Lolita have become so disconnected from ordinary society that neither can fully recognize how morally depraved their actions Humbert cannot see his own monstrosity， and Lolita shows only occasional awareness of herself of a Though Humbert sweeps Lolita away so that they can find a measure of freedom， their exile ultimately traps Lolita is bound to Humbert because she has nowhere else to go， and though Humbert dreams of leaving America with Lolita， he eventually accepts that he will stay in America until he Though each of them undergoes one final exile， Lolita to Dick Schiller and Humbert to prison， it is clear that they are first and foremost exiled from their own selves， an exile so total that they could never return to their original places in the worlds they once Exile in L

美国文学论文英文版1500字数量

也称为SMCR模型，S代表源的信息来源，M代表信息消息的收件人接收器上C-信道信道，R代表的代表。传播模式，全面的新理论，哲学，心理学，语言学，人类学，大众传播学，行为科学来解释传播过程中的不同元素。这种模式的传播过程中被分解成四个基本要素：源，信道和受传。贝洛模式的清晰的图像，实现其传播功能的条件，表明信息的传播，通过各种手段和渠道，和最后的结果是不是从该决定的某一部分的影响的信息来源，收件人和资讯传播过程中，但共同决定的信息源，信息通道和四部分组成，沟通过程，以及它们之间的关系，在传播过程中的每个部分由自身因素的收件人。（1）来源的信息研究和信息源的因素如下：传播技术信息源，是否说写入传播一定要注意的传播的方式，为了保持信息本身和有趣的真实性。通信技术，包括语言（如语言和言语技能的清晰度），文本（如文字写作能力），思想（如思维，小心），手势（如自然的动作），和面部表情（如作为现实）。态度：传播者最喜欢的主题的沟通？是否有一个明确的目的传播？够了受传？知识的传播者，传播透彻的了解吗？是否有丰富的知识？社会系统：如何传播者的社会地位，影响力和威望？文化传播者的资格，经验和文化背景？（2）的传播者信息源受传，在两端的通信过程，但在沟通过程中，信息的来源 - 传播者更改所述旁通，旁路也可以成为传播者 - 信息源。受相同的传记因素的传播者，而且通信技术，态度，知识，社会制度和文化项目。（3）信息以下信息数量：符号：语言，文字，图像，和音乐的影响因素。：所选的材料，以达到其目的的传播，包括组成和结构的信息。处理：由符号和内容的选择和编排的“传播者”的决定。渠道：信息传播的各种工具，如各种感觉器官，进行声，光，气，广播，报纸，杂志，广播，电影，电视，电话，记录，图片，图表等。在传播过程中，信息内容，符号，和治疗，会影响信道的选择。如适合用于语音传输的信息是什么？是适合视觉传播什么样的信息？什么样的信息适用于触摸，嗅觉，味觉传播的？贝洛奥里藏特的模型经常被用来解释教育传播过程中，教育和传播过程中，影响和决定的效率和有效性的教学信息通过多种因素影响的，复杂的，因素之间的相互联系，相互制约的。为了提高教育的传播的效果，这是必要的学习和研究的各种因素。贝洛模型通常是在图1-4的形式表示。贝洛奥里藏特模型，以教育传播研究提供了一些结构上的考虑，具有一定的指导研究变量的设计和决定。贝洛奥里藏特的模式更适合解释教育传播过程中。人类活动的传播是非常广泛的，在所有的时间，传播，虽然有些教学活动，教学活动，他肯定是一种沟通。成为一个很好的沟通，并有效地传播知识，技能，教师和学生的思想和行为改变，你必须掌握沟通的理论和方法。贝洛奥里藏特的传播方式是更适合的教学传播系统和结构的要素的研究和解释。该模式是现在经常被用来解释的过程中，教育传播，教育和传播过程的影响，效率和效益的教学信息传播的因素很多也很复杂，相互联系，相互制约的因素之一。

几年前，锻造铸造厂生产任务面临亏损困境的工厂分流减员，减员指令分配到每个车间，压缩淘汰制的员工。 6个仓库的员工，专属于女性工人，年龄在40岁以上，他们通常是团结，工作非常出色，一直被评为先进集体。得分和排名的得分，这6人的小型化指标分配到每个员工按照末位淘汰制的方法，五片，六被淘汰。负责人动员大会，参加在车间后面，试图拿出一些时间来考虑太残忍了，它是不开放给员工。员工已经知道了，我们说，总有一个人去的，每个人票每人提一个多票的人谁离开。所以发给每个人一张空白的纸，让我们写的负责人将被淘汰，“最后一个”，是要走的路第六个人的名字。看到开放的六张11头6个不同的名字，原来，每个员工写自己的名字，自己的六。因此，仓库“最后一个”，直到规定的截止日期还没有出来。与此同时，厂部已收到的6名工人辞职报告。在这个过程中，他的辞职的6名员工。 6名员工，但是，并没有各奔东西，在辞职后的第二天，所有一起，共谋出路。思来想去，我们有没有其他的专业，但作为一个家庭主妇，买菜做饭每日的功课，我们决定从最熟悉的工作，做一个小吃店。像原来在厂里工作，团结和合作，不计较，肯吃苦，小吃店越来越多，规模越来越大，然后有一天，实际上与原来的宅子里合并到了崩溃的边缘。。几年后，已经发展成为一个连锁餐厅。在谈到为什么“6”六女工作人员说，无非是想证明，改革并不总是反映在无情的人之间的竞争。有时，优惠，也许是更积极进取。 1，写了下面的话：（）团结起来，共同努力的边缘（）（）是没有超过（） 2末位淘汰制，“说文的同义字， “什么？本次研讨会末位淘汰制是为什么没有成功呢？ 3，我们为什么要辞职呢？ 4，辞职后的第二天，我们聚在一起，他们会说些什么呢？请写他们讲一两句话来平均： 5，请谈谈你的理解，最后一句的一篇文章的例子。最佳答案 1，很长一段时间，一，面临着;。 2，“末位淘汰制”：每个数据包被裁员一条沟，消除民主投票后，得票最多的。只有六人是因为本次研讨会，他们非常团结，无私的。投票结束后，每个人的选票数是一体的，不能决定谁下岗。 3，因为6个人觉得：下岗，失去的是生命的源泉，但必须去一个人没有人熊看到其中的任何一个处于失业状态，而自己在生活中是安全的。六人一起工作了这么多年的感情，所以他们决定辞职。 4，他们聚在一起讨论未来的方式，其主要观点是：不能等着饿，该名男子在厂子里的泰山移，反弹前于一体，将能够养活自己的家庭，我们一个非技术性的，无关的，只有厨师，决定开一家餐馆。 5，在厂子里，导演说了算，可以说，命运掌握在别人手里，无论多么积极努力，效果并不明显。自己创业自己说了算，可谓树，冬瓜，播种，积极进取，效果是明显的。无法移动时，第一种情况下，考虑到后者可以描述为出路的又一个春天。