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有关公共管理学科的论文范文英文版

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有关公共管理学科的论文范文英文版

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Public administration is like any other administration which is carried out in public Before we dwell deeper into understanding public administration it would be beneficial to try and see how different authors have tried to define what administration A complete definition for public administration however is difficult to arrive at due to the sheer number of tasks that fall under Some academicians argue that all the government related work falls into this category while other choose to argue that only the executive aspect of government functioning comprises of public The demand for unified national services, the conflicting interests between the various economic sections of the society and with global migration and subsequently globalization; the protection of the interests of the multi-ethnic groups of the society have kept the public administrators Administration matters so much because it is not enough to make policies and laws on The interpretation and translation of those policies and laws into actions and carrying them out is the difficult The public administrators therefore have to play an important role in running the government as The advent of the modern welfare state itself has added, to the changing approach to public The kind of activities and sphere of works have never been more varied and dynamic and there has been a never before interest in actually improving the efficiency of the The expansion of public sector into industrial enterprises has been into practice for quite some time, a little over half a century The public sector organizations in order to function efficiently are borrowing heavily from the business knowledge, administration and process orientation of the private However, there still remains a considerable difference between these two administrative The term new public management was coined by scholars from UK and Australia, who were working in the in the areas of public Now, the origin of this new term was to propose a new point of view towards the organizational design in the public sector, however after a decade, the meaning of this term in discussions and debates became Some scholars choose to define it as the introduction of new institutional economics to public management and some used it to refer to pattern changes in policy Before we make an effort to further understand the various aspects of New Public Management, let us see how it is different from the traditional public The new public management which emerged in the 1980s represented an attempt to make the public sector more businesslike and to improve the efficiency of the Government borrowed ideas and management models from the private It emphasized the centrality of citizens who were the recipient of the services or customers to the public

New Public Management : Contemporary Western trend of the new public administration From the start of the 1970s, the West has dominated the field of public administration nearly a and was regarded to be effective, even the best traditional or mainstream public administration, subjected to a new external environment increasingly tough challenges, and the almost routine, rigid-tier system can not meet the increasingly rapid changes in information and knowledge-intensive society and economic life, build on its two major theoretical basis -- Goodnow Wilson and the political-administrative theory and the two-layer management Huibaike no theory Law answered and solved the government faces an increasingly serious problems and difficulties : the financial crisis, the social welfare policy unsustainable, government agencies increasingly bloated, inefficient, the public lost confidence in the government's ability, "government failure" theory has begun to 正是在这样的历史背景下,一种新的公共行政理论、管理模式——新公共管理(NewPublic Management)在80年代的英美两国应运而生,并迅速扩展到西方各国。It is in this historical backdrop, a new public administration theory, Management -- New Public Management (NewPublic Management) in the 1980s, the Anglo-American two crops, and the rapid expansion of the Western 与以往传统的公共行政框架内进行的变革不同,新公共管理不是对现存行政管理体制和方式进行某种程度的局部调整,或仅仅是为了降低行政管理的成本,减少行政费用开支,更重要的是,它是对传统的公共行政模式的一种全面清算和否定。And the number of traditional public administration within the framework of the changes, Public management is not new to the existing administrative structure and ways of some degree of partial adjustment or simply to lower administrative costs and reduce administrative expenses, but more importantly, It is the traditional model of public administration of a comprehensive settlement and 一、新公共管理的理论基础1, the new public management theory 如果说传统的公共行政以威尔逊、古德诺的政治—行政二分论和韦伯的科层制论为其理论支撑点的话,新公共管理则以现代经济学和私营企业管理理论和方法作为自己的理论基础。If the traditional public administration to W Goodnow political-administrative theory and the two-Weber-tier system on the support of their theory, new public while management of modern economics and private enterprise management theory and methods as its theoretical 首先,新公共管理从现代经济学中获得诸多理论依据,如从“理性人”(人的理性都是为自己的利益,都希望以最小的付出获得最大利益)的假定中获得绩效管理的依据;从公共选择和交易成本理论中获得政府应以市场或顾客为导向,提高服务效率、质量和有效性的依据;从成本—效益分析中获得对政府绩效目标进行界定、测量和评估的依据等等。First, the new public management from modern economics has many theoretical basis, From the "rational" (the rational is for their own want to pay the smallest gain maximum benefits) of the premise is the basis for performance management; from the public choice theory and transaction cost which the government should be market-oriented or customers, improve the efficiency of services, the quality and effectiveness of the basis; from the cost-effectiveness analysis was to define the performance goals, Measurement and evaluation, and so on the 其次,新公共管理又从私营管理方法中汲取营养。Secondly, the new public management from the private management methods to absorb 新公共行政管理认为,私营部门许多管理方式和手段都可为公共部门所借用。The new public administration that many private sector management methods and means available to the public sector 如私营部门的组织形式能灵活地适应环境,而不是韦伯所说的僵化的科层制;对产出和结果的高度重视(对私营部门来说,产出就意味着利润,而在高度竞争的市场环境中,要获取利润就必须给顾客提供高质量的服务,同时尽可能地降低成本),而不是只管投入,不重产出;人事管理上实现灵活的合同雇佣制和绩效工资制,而不是一经录用,永久任职,等等。Such as the private sector, the organizational form of flexibility in adapting to the environment, and not Weber said the rigid hierarchy; outputs and outcomes of the high degree of importance (for the private sector, output means profits in a highly competitive market environment, we must make profits to provide customers with high-quality service, Meanwhile, as far as possible to reduce costs), rather than just input and output weight; personnel management to achieve a flexible system of employment contracts and performance pay system, rather than by hiring a permanent office, and so 总之,新公共管理认为,那些已经和正在为私营部门所成功地运用着的管理方法,如绩效管理、目标管理、组织发展、人力资源开发等并非为私营部门所独有,它们完全可以运用到公有部门的管理中。In short, the new public management, and is already by the private sector to successfully used management methods, If performance management, goal management, organizational development, human resources development is not unique to the private They can be used in public sector 二、新公共行政管理的基本特征Second, the new public administration of the basic features 新公共管理是个非常松散的概念,它既指一种试图取代传统公共行政学的管理理论,又指一种新的公共行政模式,还指在当代西方公共行政领域持续进行的改革运动。New Public Management is a very loose concept, it refers to an attempt to replace the traditional public administration management theory, Also referred to a new model of public administration, also refers to the contemporary Western ongoing public administration reform 其名称在西方各国也不尽相同,如在英国叫“管理主义”,在美国则称为“企业家的政府”或“新公共管理”,在其他一些国家又称为“市场导向型公共行政”等等,但它们都具有大体相同的特征。Its name in western countries is not necessarily the same as in the United Kingdom called "management", in the United States known as the "entrepreneurial government" or "new public management" In some other countries, also known as the "market-oriented public administration," and so on, but they have broadly similar 首先,新公共管理改变了传统公共模式下的政府与社会之间的关系,重新对政府职能及其与社会的关系进行定位:即政府不再是高高在上、“自我服务”的官僚机构,政府公务人员应该是负责任的“企业经理和管理人员”,社会公众则是提供政府税收的“纳税人”和享受政府服务作为回报的“顾客”或“客户”,政府服务应以顾客为导向,应增强对社会公众需要的响应力。First, the new public management to change the traditional model of public government and the relationship between society, reopened to the functions of the government and with the community relations position : that the government is no longer superior, "self-service" bureaucracy, government officials should be responsible "corporate managers and managers" the public is to provide the government's tax revenue "taxpayers" and access to government services in return for the "clients" or "customers" government services should be customer-oriented and should enhance the public's need to respond to 近年来,英、德、荷兰等国政府采取的简化服务手续、制订并公布服务标准、在某一级行政区域和某些部门或行业开办“一站商店”服务等,就是在这种新的政府—社会关系模式下所施行的一些具体措施。In recent years, Britain, Germany, the Netherlands and other government services to simplify the procedures and to develop and publish service standards, in a regional and an administrative certain sectors or industries offer "one-stop shop" It is in this new government-community relations model as applied by some of the specific 其次,与传统公共行政只计投入,不计产出不同,新公共管理更加重视政府活动的产出和结果,即重视提供公共服务的效率和质量,由此而重视赋予“一线经理和管理人员”(即中低级文官)以职、权、责,如在计划和预算上,重视组织的战略目标和长期计划,强调对预算的“总量”控制,给一线经理在资源配置、人员安排等方面的充分的自主权,以适应变化不定的外部环境和公众不断变化的需求。Secondly, with the traditional public administration, only the input, output or not, New Public Management pay more attention to the activities of the outputs and outcomes that provide public services to the efficiency and quality, thus entrusted to the "first-line managers and managers" (that is, low-level civil service) to the post of powers, responsibilities and If the plan and budget, the attention to the organization's strategic goals and long-term plans, the emphasis is on the Budget for its "total" control, to the frontline managers in the allocation of resources and personnel arrangements, and so on the full autonomy to adapt to the fluctuating external environment and the ever changing [NextPage][NextPage] 第三,与上一点紧密相联,新公共管理反对传统公共行政重遵守既定法律法规,轻绩效测定和评估的做法,主张放松严格的行政规制(即主要通过法规、制度控制),而实现严明的绩效目标控制,即确定组织、个人的具体目标,并根据绩效示标(performance indicator)对目标完成情况进行测量和评估,由此而产生了所谓的三E,即经济(economy)、效率(efficency)和效果(effect)等三大变量。Third, and closely related, 1:00, the new public management oppose traditional public administration re-compliance with established laws and regulations, Light performance measurement and assessment practices, advocating the relaxation of the strict regulatory system (that is, through legislation, system control), achieve strict control of the performance goals, which was to determine organizations, individuals of specific goals, under the performance indicator (performance indicator) on the target for completion of the measurement and assessment, as a result, the so-called three E, in which the economy (economy), efficiency (efficency) and the effect (effect), and other three 第四,与传统公共行政排斥私营部门管理方式不同,新公共管理强调政府广泛采用私营部门成功的管理方法和手段(如成本—效益分析、全面质量管理、目标管理等)和竞争机制,取消公共服务供给的垄断性,如“政府业务合同出租”、“竞争性招标”等,新公共管理认为,政府的主要职能固然是向社会提供服务,但这并不意味着所有公共服务都应由政府直接提供。Fourth, public administration and the traditional exclusion of private sector management methods differ, New Public Management emphasizes the wide adoption of successful private sector management methods and means (such as cost-benefit analysis total quality management, management by objectives) and the mechanism of competition, the abolition of the supply of public services monopoly, If "government contracts for rent" and "competitive bidding", the new public management, The main function of government is to serve the community, But this does not mean that all public services should be provided directly by the 政府应根据服务内容和性质的不同,采取相应的供给方式。According to the government services and the different nature of the corresponding supply 如图所示:As shown : 市场状况/宪法职责模式Market status / mode of constitutional duties 附图Map 1、此项服务活动是由宪法明文规定的属政府职责范围之内,同时也没有其他竞争者,如国防,应由政府承担。1, the service activities by the Constitution provides that the government is within the scope of duties, while no other competitor, If defense, should be borne by the 2、虽属宪法规定的政府职责,但同时有其他竞争者的存在,即其他非政府部门也在从事此项活动,如医院,在这种情况下,政府并非一定要亲自提供此项服务,而大可通过招标、合同出租等形式,将其出租给其他公营或私营部门,政府只要对其绩效目标进行测定和评估,并提供相应的报酬,便不失为一种提高服务质量和效率的有效途径。2, although the Constitution stipulates the functions of government, but there are other competitors exist, in other words, the non-governmental sector are engaged in this activity, such as hospitals, in this case, The government is not obliged to provide such a service in person, and goes through the tender, the contract leasing, and other forms, will be rented to other public or private sector, government, as long as its performance targets and measured assessment, and provide corresponding remuneration, it is nevertheless a good quality of service and efficient and effective 这也就是《重塑政府》一书的作者奥斯本和盖布勒所说的政府应该“掌舵而不是划桨”。This is the "reinventing government", the author of a Osborne and Gaebler said the government should "steer and not the " 3、宪法没有规定是政府的职责,而又存在着市场竞争者,如影视业,这时政府就完全可以不从事此项活动,而完全由私营部门承担。3, the Constitution does not provide is the duty of the government, the market and the existence of competitors, such as film and video industry, Then the government can not engage in this activity, and completely by the private 4、宪法既没有规定是政府的职责,同时又没有或缺乏从事此项活动的竞争者,如高等院校,这时政府就应积极培育市场,鼓励人们参与此项活动,以提高此项服务的效率、质量和有效性。4, which is not provided for the constitution is the duty of the government, but also the absence or lack of this activity in the competitors As institutions of higher learning, then the government should actively develop the market and encourage people to participate in activities to enhance the service efficiency, quality and 需要说明的是,上述只是典型的四种公共服务类型,在现实中,It is important to point out, these are just typical four types of public services, in reality,

有关公共管理学科的论文范文

(一)确定论文提要,再加进材料,形成全文的概要  论文提要是内容提纲的雏型。一般书、教学参考书都有反映全书内容的提要,以便读者一翻提要就知道书的大概内容。我们写论文也需要先写出论文提要。在执笔前把论文的题目和大标题、小标题列出来,再把选用的材料插进去,就形成了论文内容的提要。(二)原稿纸页数的分配  写好毕业论文的提要之后,要根据论文的内容考虑篇幅的长短,文章的各个部分,大体上要写多少字。如计划写20页原稿纸(每页300字)的论文,考虑序论用1页,本论用17页,结论用1—2页。本论部分再进行分配,如本论共有四项,可以第一项3—4页,第二项用4—5页,第三项3—4页,第四项6—7页。有这样的分配,便于资料的配备和安排,写作能更有计划。毕业论文的长短一般规定为5000—6000字,因为过短,问题很难讲透,而作为毕业论文也不宜过长,这是一般大专、本科学生的理论基础、实践经验所决定的。(三)编写提纲  论文提纲可分为简单提纲和详细提纲两种。简单提纲是高度概括的,只提示论文的要点,如何展开则不涉及。这种提纲虽然简单,但由于它是经过深思熟虑构成的,写作时能顺利进行。没有这种准备,边想边写很难顺利地写下去。   编写要点  编写毕业论文提纲有两种方法:  一、标题式写法。即用简要的文字写成标题,把这部分的内容概括出来。这种写法简明扼要,一目了然,但只有作者自己明白。毕业论文提纲一般不能采用这种方法编写。  二、句子式写法。即以一个能表达完整意思的句子形式把该部分内容概括出来。这种写法具体而明确,别人看了也能明了,但费时费力。毕业论文的提纲编写要交与指导教师阅读,所以,要求采用这种编写方法。详细提纲举例详细提纲,是把论文的主要论点和展开部分较为详细地列出来。如果在写作之前准备了详细提纲,那么,执笔时就能更顺利。下面仍以《关于培育和完善建筑劳动力市场的思考》为例,介绍详细提纲的写法:  上面所说的简单提纲和详细提纲都是论文的骨架和要点,选择哪一种,要根据作者的需要。如果考虑周到,调查详细,用简单提纲问题不是很大;但如果考虑粗疏,调查不周,则必须用详细提纲,否则,很难写出合格的毕业论文。总之,在动手撰写毕业论文之前拟好提纲,写起来就会方便得多。

博士原创低价,有意加我

需要。、。、。。伽,,详,,说

在动笔之前要做好充分的准备,一旦下笔之后,则要坚持不懈地一口气写下去,务必在最短时间内拿出初稿。这是许多文章家的写作诀窍。有的人写文章喜欢咬文嚼字,边写边琢磨词句,遇到想不起的字也要停下来查半天字典。这样写法,很容易把思路打断。其实,初稿不妨粗一些,材料或文字方面存在某些缺陷,只要无关大局。暂时不必去改动它,等到全部初稿写成后,再来加工不迟。鲁迅就是这样做的,他在《致叶紫》的信中说:  先前那样十步九回头的作文法,是很不对的,这就是在不断的不相信自己——结果一定做不成。以后应该立定格局之后,一直写下去,不管修辞,也不要回头看。等到成后,搁它几天,然后再来复看,删去若干,改换几字。在创作的途中,一面炼字,真要把感兴打断的。我翻译时,倘想不到适当的字,就把这些字空起来,仍旧译下去,这字待稍暇时再想。  否则,能因为一个字,停到大半天。这是鲁迅的经验之谈,对我们写毕业论文也极有启发。

公共管理有关英文论文范文

Public administration is like any other administration which is carried out in public Before we dwell deeper into understanding public administration it would be beneficial to try and see how different authors have tried to define what administration A complete definition for public administration however is difficult to arrive at due to the sheer number of tasks that fall under Some academicians argue that all the government related work falls into this category while other choose to argue that only the executive aspect of government functioning comprises of public The demand for unified national services, the conflicting interests between the various economic sections of the society and with global migration and subsequently globalization; the protection of the interests of the multi-ethnic groups of the society have kept the public administrators Administration matters so much because it is not enough to make policies and laws on The interpretation and translation of those policies and laws into actions and carrying them out is the difficult The public administrators therefore have to play an important role in running the government as The advent of the modern welfare state itself has added, to the changing approach to public The kind of activities and sphere of works have never been more varied and dynamic and there has been a never before interest in actually improving the efficiency of the The expansion of public sector into industrial enterprises has been into practice for quite some time, a little over half a century The public sector organizations in order to function efficiently are borrowing heavily from the business knowledge, administration and process orientation of the private However, there still remains a considerable difference between these two administrative The term new public management was coined by scholars from UK and Australia, who were working in the in the areas of public Now, the origin of this new term was to propose a new point of view towards the organizational design in the public sector, however after a decade, the meaning of this term in discussions and debates became Some scholars choose to define it as the introduction of new institutional economics to public management and some used it to refer to pattern changes in policy Before we make an effort to further understand the various aspects of New Public Management, let us see how it is different from the traditional public The new public management which emerged in the 1980s represented an attempt to make the public sector more businesslike and to improve the efficiency of the Government borrowed ideas and management models from the private It emphasized the centrality of citizens who were the recipient of the services or customers to the public

中国知网也好!万方数据也好都有例子!甚至百度文库都有!源代码到CSDN下载,英文原文文章到springer或者艾萨维尔下载!原文论文使用谷歌学术直接用外文搜索!==================论文写作方法===========================  论文网上没有免费的,与其花人民币,还不如自己写,万一碰到骗人的,就不上算了。写作论文的简单方法,首先大概确定自己的选题,然后在网上查找几份类似的文章通读一些相关资料,对这方面的内容有个大概的了解!参照你们学校的论文的格式,列出提纲,补充内容!实在不会,把这几份论文综合一下,从每篇论文上复制一部分,组成一篇新的文章!然后把按自己的语言把每一部分换下句式或词,经过换词不换意的办法处理后,网上就查不到了!最后,到万方等地进行检测,将扫红部分进行再次修改!祝你顺利完成论文!

有关公共管理学科的论文范文初中

(一)确定论文提要,再加进材料,形成全文的概要  论文提要是内容提纲的雏型。一般书、教学参考书都有反映全书内容的提要,以便读者一翻提要就知道书的大概内容。我们写论文也需要先写出论文提要。在执笔前把论文的题目和大标题、小标题列出来,再把选用的材料插进去,就形成了论文内容的提要。(二)原稿纸页数的分配  写好毕业论文的提要之后,要根据论文的内容考虑篇幅的长短,文章的各个部分,大体上要写多少字。如计划写20页原稿纸(每页300字)的论文,考虑序论用1页,本论用17页,结论用1—2页。本论部分再进行分配,如本论共有四项,可以第一项3—4页,第二项用4—5页,第三项3—4页,第四项6—7页。有这样的分配,便于资料的配备和安排,写作能更有计划。毕业论文的长短一般规定为5000—6000字,因为过短,问题很难讲透,而作为毕业论文也不宜过长,这是一般大专、本科学生的理论基础、实践经验所决定的。(三)编写提纲  论文提纲可分为简单提纲和详细提纲两种。简单提纲是高度概括的,只提示论文的要点,如何展开则不涉及。这种提纲虽然简单,但由于它是经过深思熟虑构成的,写作时能顺利进行。没有这种准备,边想边写很难顺利地写下去。   编写要点  编写毕业论文提纲有两种方法:  一、标题式写法。即用简要的文字写成标题,把这部分的内容概括出来。这种写法简明扼要,一目了然,但只有作者自己明白。毕业论文提纲一般不能采用这种方法编写。  二、句子式写法。即以一个能表达完整意思的句子形式把该部分内容概括出来。这种写法具体而明确,别人看了也能明了,但费时费力。毕业论文的提纲编写要交与指导教师阅读,所以,要求采用这种编写方法。详细提纲举例详细提纲,是把论文的主要论点和展开部分较为详细地列出来。如果在写作之前准备了详细提纲,那么,执笔时就能更顺利。下面仍以《关于培育和完善建筑劳动力市场的思考》为例,介绍详细提纲的写法:  上面所说的简单提纲和详细提纲都是论文的骨架和要点,选择哪一种,要根据作者的需要。如果考虑周到,调查详细,用简单提纲问题不是很大;但如果考虑粗疏,调查不周,则必须用详细提纲,否则,很难写出合格的毕业论文。总之,在动手撰写毕业论文之前拟好提纲,写起来就会方便得多。

公共管理方面的论文在 轻风论文网 很多的哦,之前我就找上面的老师帮忙指导的。相对于网上很多个人和小机构要好很多,我之前找的 轻风论文 王老师咨询的,非常专业的说这里还有些资料,你看看公共管理制度的功能分析。制度是社会发展的 一种稀缺资源,它在社会发展与经济建设中是不可缺少的;同时制度又随着环境的变化 而变化。我国正处在社会转 型时期,亟需建立各种制度。因此,借鉴新制度主义 的理论,运用制度分析方法,开辟对公 共管理制度功能的理论研究,构建完善的公共管理制度理论体系,对我国 的公共管理改革具有现实的理论指导意义。只有 从理论上明晰了公共管理 制度的功能,关于制度的重要性才 有了具体的表述;否则,我们对公共管理制度的研究就会是 不完整的,缺乏说服力的。本文 从规范和理想的角度出发,结合中国 公共管理的发展,综合运 用制度分析方法和系统-功能分 析方法,对公共管理制度的功能 进行了系统分析。文章首先分析了公共管理制 度功能研究的可行性与必要性;在此基础上,文章将公共管理制度的主要功能分为 :目标指向功能、实现公共利益的功能、建立和维护社会公共秩序的功能、利益分配功能和约束与激励功 能,并对它们进 行了深入、全面的分析与阐述,探讨了公共管理制度的诸项功能。同时文章 又结合系统论的观点,认为 公共管理制度是一个有机整体,因此在制度建设与制度创新过程 中,要注意公共管 理制度各项功能之间的协 调与配合。 你看下不懂的你上 轻风论文网自己看吧

在动笔之前要做好充分的准备,一旦下笔之后,则要坚持不懈地一口气写下去,务必在最短时间内拿出初稿。这是许多文章家的写作诀窍。有的人写文章喜欢咬文嚼字,边写边琢磨词句,遇到想不起的字也要停下来查半天字典。这样写法,很容易把思路打断。其实,初稿不妨粗一些,材料或文字方面存在某些缺陷,只要无关大局。暂时不必去改动它,等到全部初稿写成后,再来加工不迟。鲁迅就是这样做的,他在《致叶紫》的信中说:  先前那样十步九回头的作文法,是很不对的,这就是在不断的不相信自己——结果一定做不成。以后应该立定格局之后,一直写下去,不管修辞,也不要回头看。等到成后,搁它几天,然后再来复看,删去若干,改换几字。在创作的途中,一面炼字,真要把感兴打断的。我翻译时,倘想不到适当的字,就把这些字空起来,仍旧译下去,这字待稍暇时再想。  否则,能因为一个字,停到大半天。这是鲁迅的经验之谈,对我们写毕业论文也极有启发。

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有关公共管理学科的论文范文高中

公共管理方面的论文在 轻风论文网 很多的哦,之前我就找上面的老师帮忙指导的。相对于网上很多个人和小机构要好很多,我之前找的 轻风论文 王老师咨询的,非常专业的说这里还有些资料,你看看公共管理制度的功能分析。制度是社会发展的 一种稀缺资源,它在社会发展与经济建设中是不可缺少的;同时制度又随着环境的变化 而变化。我国正处在社会转 型时期,亟需建立各种制度。因此,借鉴新制度主义 的理论,运用制度分析方法,开辟对公 共管理制度功能的理论研究,构建完善的公共管理制度理论体系,对我国 的公共管理改革具有现实的理论指导意义。只有 从理论上明晰了公共管理 制度的功能,关于制度的重要性才 有了具体的表述;否则,我们对公共管理制度的研究就会是 不完整的,缺乏说服力的。本文 从规范和理想的角度出发,结合中国 公共管理的发展,综合运 用制度分析方法和系统-功能分 析方法,对公共管理制度的功能 进行了系统分析。文章首先分析了公共管理制 度功能研究的可行性与必要性;在此基础上,文章将公共管理制度的主要功能分为 :目标指向功能、实现公共利益的功能、建立和维护社会公共秩序的功能、利益分配功能和约束与激励功 能,并对它们进 行了深入、全面的分析与阐述,探讨了公共管理制度的诸项功能。同时文章 又结合系统论的观点,认为 公共管理制度是一个有机整体,因此在制度建设与制度创新过程 中,要注意公共管 理制度各项功能之间的协 调与配合。 你看下不懂的你上 轻风论文网自己看吧

这里有大量范文,各种分类 。没有你可以扇我

公共政策 当你翻开中华人民共和国教育部制定的高等教育80个一级学科目录,你会看到公共管理一级学科下有二级学科行政管理、劳动和社会保障、土地资源管理、教育经济与管理、社会医学与卫生事业管理,然而在此之外,北京大学政府管理学院根据国际国内公共管理一级学科的发展状况,自主创立了二级学科公共政策和发展管理,开中国公共政策高等教育教学科研之先河。 公共政策(Public Policy),是目前世界上公共管理研究的主要范畴,但在我国还属于起步和发展时期。传统的公共政策研究派生于政治学和行政学,意在从规范意义上探讨国家、社会和公民之间的利益制衡,通过政治学和行政学的原理及模型分析对国家、地方和团体层面的政策制定、执行与评估进行研究,为高质量的公共政策提供咨询。 然而,20世纪以来,特别是20世纪中后期以来,社会科学的发展面临了前所未有的挑战,定性分析与定量分析的争论,规范研究与实证研究的分野使社会科学的发展从整体上进入了纷繁迷惘的时代。而在这个时代里,把数学、自然科学、工程科学的量化分析技术与定量分析方法,以及计算机技术引入社会科学的研究已成为社会和学科发展的必然。定量分析方法引入社会科学的研究使社会科学真正成为科学,给了社会科学第二次生命。 发展中的公共政策研究也不例外,20世纪五六十年代,西方公共管理中的定量分析已初见端倪,而中国公共管理研究方法的现代化发轫于北京大学政府管理学院还是20世纪90年代的事情。北京大学政府管理学院公共政策研究的创立和发展开启了中国公共政策与公共管理现代化研究的先河,数理分析、模型分析、心理学分析等现代分析技术与分析方法的引进使公共政策的研究打开了新的局面,与世界接轨,并达到世界领先水平。 公共政策研究是公共管理科学现代分析技术与方法集中体现的领域,公共政策量化分析技术与方法的核心是把数学、统计学、博弈论、运筹学、心理学的分析方法和分析技术引入到公共政策研究中。目前,北京大学政府管理学院公共政策本科专业以公共政策分析、高等数学、应用统计学、博弈论、运筹学、模拟决策、电子政务、宏微观经济学为主干基础课,研究生以公共政策基本理论、公共政策量化技术---统计与预测、公共政策量化技术---规划与决策、公共政策的实验模拟、宏观经济政策研究、管理科学理论、公共政策的经济分析为主干核心课程,参照哈佛大学、耶鲁大学、伦敦政治经济学院公共政策与公共管理的课程设置与教材建设,广泛引进人才,开辟了中国公共政策教育与世界接轨的新局面。 人才是公共政策研究最重要的资源。目前北京大学政府管理学院公共政策系拥有以陈庆云、顾昕、李永军、郁俊莉、刘霖、黄璜等为代表的中国公共政策研究的中坚力量,他们具有数学、工学的学历背景,又取得了管理科学的博士学位,拥有博士后研究经历和海外学习背景,通晓公共政策现代分析技术、了解中国国情,能进行政治、管理、经济、信息技术跨学科分析,形成了公共政策研究“社会学研究方法分析----数理建模与量化分析----计算机分析与信息技术模拟”科学的教学与科研逻辑。同时,随着北京大学政府管理学院国际国内知名度的提高和市场认可度的提升,来自祖国各地的最优秀学子被吸引到北京大学政府管理学院学习,充实了公共政策人才的后备力量。世界著名的实业家廖凯原、邱徳拔对北京大学政府管理学院数亿元的捐资,以及在政府管理学院设置的高额奖学金、奖教金做出了对中国公共政策研究的社会贡献。 国际知名度的提高是公共政策教学与科研的主要使命。目前,北京大学公共政策研究藉政府管理学院傅军院长国际威望的优势,学院与专业开展了与哈佛大学、耶鲁大学、斯坦福大学、密西根大学、伦敦政治经济学院、哥伦比亚大学公共事务学院的合作交流,承办了全球公共政策联盟年会、全球公共政策高峰论坛等一系列国际公共政策项目,同时与世界五百强企业BHP的公共政策高级培训项目的合作对公共政策研究的发展也起到了重要作用。每年在学院和专业中,来自日本、韩国、俄罗斯、朝鲜、柬埔寨、中国台湾、中国香港、中国澳门数量占到30%的留学生成为国际知名度提高的重要标志。中国高水平运动员王皓、马琳等在北京大学政府管理学院学习对政府管理学院知名度的提高也起到了重要作用。 科学只有与市场结合才能真正转化为价值。面向市场与社会是北京大学公共政策教育的出发点和落脚点。北京大学公共政策专业的本科生、硕士生,不仅接受了政治学、行政学、管理学的正规训练,而且通晓公共政策量化分析和信息科学的前沿技术,熟识中国国情,成为中国公共政策人才中的生力军。他们的就业领域遍及世界著名的跨国公司宝洁、必和必拓、松下,中国著名企业中国石油、中国移动、国家电网、中国铝业,国际著名的投资银行摩根士丹利、美林、花旗,国际著名的咨询公司和事务所普华永道、麦肯锡、毕马威和中央国家机关的核心部门。他们为政府、企业、NGO以及公民提供商业和公益咨询,用自己的知识和智慧在创造了巨大的个人商业价值的同时创造了巨大的社会价值,为中国经济社会发展和民主政治的进步做出了自己应有的贡献。 总之,公共政策与公共管理科学的研究,已经成为继工商管理科学之后又一个社会科学发展的领军者。我们有理由相信,随着中国经济的飞速发展,中国公共政策与公共管理研究也将迎来发展史上的又一个春天,公共政策科学将为中国经济社会发展做出更巨大的贡献,中国公共政策人才的路越走越宽广。

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