翻译导论论文

翻译学论文开题报告

开题报告是提高选题质量和水平的`重要环节。下面是我为大家整理的一篇以《目的论在英汉广告翻译上的应用》为例的语言学硕士论文开题报告，供参考阅读，希望对您有所帮助。

1、选题意义和背景

The progress of economic globalization has greatly hit the social life.

Advertising has become an important way of modern marketing and has attractedmerchants and the company. As people's consciousness worldwide enhances, manyproducts and services of advertising will be translated into other languages forpromotion to explore overseas markets. Advertising, as an effective way ofdisseminating brand information, has penetrated into many aspects of social life, andit plays a bridge role in connection and communication. Since China's accession tothe WTO, its connection with the world gets even closer. More and moreinternational enterprises and product brands come into China's huge market.

Translation of products and services for overseas consumers is not only the functionof promoting consumption, but also the effect of external publicity. In the globalmarket, advertising translation not only brings an opportunity for advertising, butalso has brings the huge challenge. Therefore, mastery of both Chinese and Englishadvertising translation is particularly important.

Skopos theory is the foundation and the core theory of functionalism. Skopostheory holds that the process of the whole translation behavior is determined to thepurpose of translation action, that is, the end justifies the means. The purpose of thetranslation behavior is the core element which determines the translation process.

Advertising translation has a strong purpose. What is more important toadvertising translation is whether translation can convey the purpose of source textand achieve the anticipated target of the source text, so as to attract the attention offoreign customers to induce their consumption desire, eventually to incur purchasebehavior.

2、论文综述/研究基础

1 Advertising Translation Studies in the West.

Advertising translation was mentioned in translation studies for the first time inHurbin's (1972) article “Peut-on traduire la langue de la publicé” (Can OneTranslate the Language of Advertising?)。 At that time, linguistics was the dominanthumanistic discipline, meanwhile, linguistics made translating a code-switchingoperation. Equivalence-based linguistic approaches mainly focus on the source text.

Hurhin argued that for one source text, there are several translations, and thetranslators chose which translation is the most appropriate one. Hurbin also pointedthat if glossaries of advertising language is compiled, this was made easier. So thetranslators will be easy to find the most appropriate equivalent expressions betweenthe source and the target text.

In Candace Seguinot's (1995) article “Translation and Advertising: GoingGlobal in Cultural Functions of Translation”. The main opinion of which is thatacross cultural boundaries, there is an understanding of culture and semioticsappearing in the marketing of goods and services. It goes well beyond both languageand design.

Another representative article “Advertising: a five-stage strategy for translationin Translation” as Intercultural Communication which is edited by C. Nord et al. Thearticle is published by Smith & Klein-Braley (1997)。 In this article, they conduct acontrastive analysis of English and German advertising. Then they developedtaxonomy of strategies for the analysis of advertising translation.

Up to now, the book which maybe the only one published exclusively onadvertisement translation is Translation Practices in International Advertisingwritten by Mathieu Guidere (2001)。 This book mainly talks about various aspects ofadvertising translation in international market and mainly concerns the globaladvertising of multinational companies, because they need to translate their productsinformation into other languages. The author analyzes some examples in advertisingtranslation and he shows readers some essential problems in current translation ideas.

This book introduced the strategies of translation which are implemented by the multinational firms to break into new markets.

2 Advertising Translation Studies in China.

Domestic advertising translation studies officially started in 1990s. In terms ofresearch contents, the initial studies mainly focused on the discussion about specificadvertising translation of idioms and the existing problems in Chinese-Englishadvertising translation. That was the primary stage. Years later, advertisingtranslation principle and criteria became the research themes. People hold the viewthat, advertising translation should give attention to in many aspects, such as text,language beauty, consumer psychology. Researchers illustrated their respectivepoints of view from different angles. Since the late 90s, although the discussion oftranslation principle and criteria were still mentioned, the researchers' attention weregradually focused on translation of difficult parts in advertising, such as therhetorical devices, emotional transmission, brand image and trademark reproduction ,etc. In terms of research methods, domestic advertising translation study mainly usesthe inductive method and the case study. Nevertheless, in recent years, researchersbegin to use the theory achievements of pragmatics and other related disciplines toanalyze different kinds of problems in advertising translation, and then put forwardsome translation strategies.

As early as xx, Li Fan proposed the development of the advertising languageposed a severe challenge to advertising translation. The artful advertisings require thetranslator to break hard the tradition of the original, boldly innovate, and improve thequality of translation. There are three reasons for flexible advertising translation: 1)the purpose of advertising is to induce consumer to purchase products. Text is justmeans, so translations do not have to stick to the text equivalent; 2) the feature ofadvertising language is vivid, which is the essence of advertising language. If thetranslation is not bold to change, there will be no magic translation; 3) formulaicexpressions are common use in advertising, if not alternative, it may be translatedinto foreign stereotyped writing (黎凡 xx:29-31)。 At the same time, researchersthought in terms of some specific advertisements, flexible translation seems to be theonly way, especially in the four kinds of advertising: 1) advertising used of witty and polished words; 2) advertising used of brand name; 3) advertising used of puns; 4)advertising with strong national culture color.

In order to achieve concise expression, attract more readers' attention, facilitatereaders recognize and remember, advertising writing should follow the KISSprinciple, namely, “keep it short and sweet” (郭可 1992:57-64)。 A great number ofstudies on advertising translation are associated with concise problem. Ding Shude isdedicated to his studies. He holds that: 1) Chinese advertising often uses modifiers toemphasis, product characteristics, while English advertising is simple words, mainlywith oral type. a lot of subject-predicative phrases in Chinese can be directlytranslated into adjectives English , such as 速度快、效率高、行动灵活 can betranslated into “fast, efficient and handy”; 2) There are a large number of the fourwords in Chinese advertising structure, which bring parallelism and overlapping tostrengthen language, but there is no such characteristic in English. InChinese-English translation should hold the center, around the center word leads toall aspects; 3) there are often loose sentences, which express a large amount ofinformation in Chinese advertising. Translation should be concise and compact,strengthen the logic; 4) Chinese advertising commonly uses formulaic expressions.

Translation should be fascinating, considering the overall rhetorical, but not stackrhetoric. Good English advertising language is not many words, but it is impressive(丁树德 xx: 42-43)。 Cao Shunfa also takes a large number of examples of bothEnglish-Chinese translation two aspects show that based on the principle of simple,the translation of advertising language should strive to use the most simple languageto express the most complex meaning, to make it easy to be remembered (曹顺发xx: 43-45)。

Equivalence theory is based on Nida's equivalence translation theory. On thisbasis, some researchers point out that commercial advertising translation is mainlyon the equivalence of semantic, social and cultural, and stylistic aspect. 1) Thesemantic equivalence. This is the most basic and important equivalence. From wordto chapter, in order to achieve the semantic equivalence, the first thing to thetranslator is that he must determine the meaning of the translation unit in context.

英语专业翻译方向论文开题报告范文

以下是由我整理的.英语专业翻译方向论文的开题报告范文，供大家参考!

How to Deal with Ellipsis in English-Chinese Translation

I. Purpose and Significance

With the development of globalization, the world’s political, economic and cultural communications are becoming increasingly frequent. Therefore, the role of translation cannot be ignored. However, the differences between English and Chinese cultures that are reflected in the two languages pose considerable difficulty.

It is acknowledged that when doing translation one can not translate word for word, or sentence by sentence. Therefore, we must use some translation strategies such as amplification, ellipsis, conversion and so on. Ellipsis as one of the basic translation methods plays an essential role in English-Chinese rendition. Translators apply it in order to make their versions more coherent and understandable.

According to the Oxford Advanced Learner’s English-Chinese Dictionary, ellipsis means leaving out a word or words from a sentence deliberately, when the meaning can be understood without them. Ellipsis in translation does not mean cutting some content from the original articles. What could be omitted are words that are useless in translated works or else they will make the versions redundant or disobey the manner of expression in another language.

Some words and phrases are useless in Chinese but necessary in English. Articles in English are the most significant phenomenon from this aspect. They are very important in English, but we can hardly see any reflection of this part in Chinese. Ellipsis is designed on the basis of faithfulness to the original text, making it more fluent, smooth, concise, thus conforming to idiomatic Chinese. The paper will explore ellipsis in English-Chinese translation from five aspects, which are ellipses of pronouns, conjunctions, articles, prepositions, modifications, so as to achieve smoother and clearer communications among China and English-speaking countries.

II. Literature Review

Long before, some people began to learn other countries’ languages to understand others cultures. In China, Xuanzang was the first translator who not only translated the Sanskrit sutras into Chinese, but introduced the first Chinese writings to foreign countries, making foreigners understand China’s ancient culture. Meanwhile, he was the first to translate Lao Tse's works into Sanskrit. Indian scholars had a high opinion of Xuanzang, "In China, there is no such great translator, and also in the human cultural history, we can only say that Xuanzang is the first great translator."(Ye Lang, 2008) We can say that it was Xuanzang who motivated people to know the different parts of the world, their cultures and the peoples who live there. Then, some big countries such as America, China, and so on became a melting pot.(Gu Zhengkun, 2000) People have imperceptibly spent thousands of years in knowing each other.

With China’s entry into WTO and its open-up policy, cross-cultural exchanges are increasingly frequent between this country and others. A lot of foreign tourists come to visit China. While traveling, these foreigners are not satisfied with the translations of the scenic spots. Sometimes, they even feel confused. A lot of problems exist in the translation, such as misuse of words, poor expression of meaning and so on. All of these poor translations do harm to our country’s international image, and cause a lot of inconveniences for the foreign visitors. (Ma Zuyi, 2000). I am fond of tourism and being a free tourist like the others who are good at enjoying their wonderful lives. The love of tourism makes me feel the need to improve the translation. But every time when I have a trip, many unsuitable translations of the names of those scenic spots will embarrass me. Tourism is part of intercultural communication, so proper translation of the scenic spots become more and more important to our country.

Communication plays a significant role in the globalized society. In order to know each other better, people from all over the world have tried a verity of ways. Of course, translation is one of them. All translators have done their best to make the translated works more consistent with the needs of people.(Gu Jinming, 1997) From my perspective, they really have done a great job. And I want to retrospect the cause of their development. After a thorough evaluation, I choose a branch of translation—ellipsis in translation from English to Chinese, then I did the following jobs.

I put all my researches and other stuffs together, and then I found that it is a common case in English and Chinese which draws much academic interest. In 1976, Halliday and Hsan classified ellipsis into nominal, verbal and clausal ellipsis. This classification exerts great influence in academic circle. Thereafter, ellipsis in Chinese and English has been studied according to this theory, which is based on different layers of structure. This kind of study underlines differentiations and similarities of ellipsis in Chinese and English.

Another famous theory to explain ellipsis is Economy Principle. Economy Principle was put forward by Chomsky (1991,1993, and 1995) in his Generate Crammer. It maintains that language and linguistic study follow Economy Principle, which means using the least effort to express the most information. This principle just coincides with ellipsis in function.

In this thesis, I think that brevity is the most obvious and common function of ellipsis, especially in daily language. And in both English and Chinese, people advocate brevity. Shakespeare once remarked, “brevity is the soul of wit”, and in Chinese there are numerous idioms like “yan jian yi gai” (meaning compendious). However, apart from the function of brevity, ellipsis embodies other functions which are also pretty common in the two languages but less noticed.(Hua Xianfa,2002)These functions distribute in both English and Chinese unevenly and represent great colorfulness of language. Exploring other functions of ellipsis and searching for functional recreation in translation will be of much benefit to both English to Chinese and Chinese to English translation.

I found that when Chinese authors try to analyse ellipsis in English to Chinese translation, they always initially put articles in the list. They consider that it is a common phenomenon that Chinese always leave out personal articles. While it is obviously different in English that almost every sentence has a subject, we can see articles fluently. That is because when we translate from English to Chinese, personal articles can be omitted, even though sometimes it may appear once, it can also be omitted if necessary. Furthermore, if the objects can be seen obviously, personal articles should also be omitted. However, it never happens in English. From this point, it is not only allowable but also necessary when we translate personal articles which are objects in sentences into Chinese.

In my point of view, the development of society has in some way has deliberately promoted the way of people’s thinking, translation system has become more and more perfect, people from all over the world have enjoyed the convenience. However, we can not neglect that there are still some problems in this field in China, and we have less influential Chinese translators in the world. Therefore, we still have a long way to go in translation.

III. Feasibility Analysis

This academic paper is a feasible project and the reasons are as follows:

have great interests in the way of English-Chinese translation.

have already studied translation methods and have been familiar with the functions and applications of ellipsis .

have collected enough references both Chinese and Western on ellipsis in

translation and do a scrupulous study of the relationship between them.

have a carefully planned schedule and have worked out a detailed outline of this thesis.

have acquainted myself with the correct format, a clear and complete structure required by the academic paper, and my adequate English competence will enable me to write in fluent and precise English.

instructor is a qualified translator who is familiar with the subject I havechosen.

IV. Problems of the research and solutions

1. Problems

Despite the references I have collected and read, a thorough study of ellipsis in English-Chinese translation from the point of freely using still needs far more. What’s more, owing to the limited ways of getting references in Xinjiang, I will have to make full use of my present resources. Also, this is the first time I have ever written such a serious academic paper. I am therefore a learner and lack the needed training and experience.

2. Solutions

(1) I shall make full use of my already acquired references which come from books, magazines and the Internet as well.

(2) I shall value my own original thoughts and mainly rely on detailed analysis that I have read from the books which have closely idea with my purpose.

(3) When I have difficulties in the writing process, I shall consult my instructor and seek for help.

V. Necessary conditions

1. Our university and school of foreign languages have provided the basic study and research conditions and facilities, including books and journals in the library and reading rooms.

2. The Internet is another source of information and on the campus we have easy access to the Internet.

3. I have been assigned an instructor to guide me through the whole process of planning and writing.

VI. Outline

I. Introduction

A. A Brief Introduction of Ellipsis in Translation

B. What Should We Pay Attention to When Dealing with Ellipsis

C. The Reason Why Ellipsis Is So Widely Used in Translation

1. Chinese Expressions Are Much Briefer Than That of English

2. English Grammar Is Wee-Knit and Complete in Sentence Structure

II. The Principles of Ellipsis

A. Omitted Words Must Be Useless And Unnecessary in the Translated Works

B. The Meaning of the Omitted Words Is Implied in the Test

C. Omitted Words Which Are Self-Evident

Ш. The Functions and Applications of Ellipsis

A. The Coherence of the Meaning of Expression

B. The Coincidence of the Manner of Expression

1. Ellipsis of Articles

a. Ellipsis of Definite Articles

b. Ellipsis of Indefinite Articles

2. Ellipsis of Prepositions

3. Ellipsis of Pronouns

a. Ellipsis of Personal and Impersonal Pronouns

b. Ellipsis of Indefinite Pronouns

c. Ellipsis of Relative Pronouns

4. Ellipsis of Conjunctions

a. Ellipsis of Coordinating Conjunctions

b. Ellipsis of Subordinate Conjunctions

5. Ellipsis of Rhetoric

a. Ellipsis of Repeated Words

b. Ellipsis of Synonyms

半导体论文翻译

。氮化硅半导体的导电性控制 41。发现在赣江和实现电学传导 p-n 963交界处的蓝色LED 许多团体企图制造p型赣但没有成功。成功的控制的水晶干质量,我们可以开始工作在电学兴奋剂。使用LT-AlN缓冲层,剩余的分布干也大幅缩短如上所述。但尽管在Zn-doping不懈努力,它不是可能产生(干。1987年,我们发现 Zn-related发光强度大大增加,当高质量的LT-AlN Zn-doped干了缓冲用电子束辐照很cathodoluminescence期间 (CL)测量(21)。我们认为做那件事这种现象(名叫兄效果)(21)可能是紧密相联有关Zn-acceptors激活,因此与ptype 办理。但晶体(没有显示办理。同时,在1988年,我们发现毫克的可能是一个较浅,因为它比锌及其是大于锌(22)。在1989年,我们成功了 Mg-doping使用高质量的Cp2Mg或MCP2Mg干作为一个Mg-dopant保持较高的结晶采用优质LT-AlN缓冲层技术[m].北京:23]。然后诱导下镓样品电子束的一样Zn-doped样品。我们发现大大增加了蓝色光的Mgdoped 干样品(1750效果)以及样品在低电阻率(24)。963[m].北京:立刻, 实现了世界上第一个干p-n结蓝色/紫外线以鼓励电流-电压特性在1989年(24),如图所示在图5。我们取得AlGaN(1991年(25)和p型在1995年GaInN[26]以相同的方式。1992年,ptype 干也是Mgdoped产生的热退火与LT-GaN 963缓冲层生长中村李玮。[27]。后来,p型干了 (28)所获得的紫外线照射或电磁波我英语没那么精湛，所以有的用了翻译器啊，错了的话也不要骂我啦~~~~~委屈的

4。氮化硅半导体的导电性控制 41。发现在赣江和实现电学传导 p-n 963交界处的蓝色LED 许多团体企图制造p型赣但没有成功。成功的控制的水晶干质量,我们可以开始工作在电学兴奋剂。使用LT-AlN缓冲层,剩余的分布干也大幅缩短如上所述。但尽管在Zn-doping不懈努力,它不是可能产生(干。1987年,我们发现 Zn-related发光强度大大增加,当高质量的LT-AlN Zn-doped干了缓冲用电子束辐照很cathodoluminescence期间 (CL)测量(21)。我们认为做那件事这种现象(名叫兄效果)(21)可能是紧密相联有关Zn-acceptors激活,因此与ptype 办理。但晶体(没有显示办理。同时,在1988年,我们发现毫克的可能是一个较浅,因为它比锌及其是大于锌(22)。在1989年,我们成功了 Mg-doping使用高质量的Cp2Mg或MCP2Mg干作为一个Mg-dopant保持较高的结晶采用优质LT-AlN缓冲层技术[m].北京:23]。然后诱导下镓样品电子束的一样Zn-doped样品。我们发现大大增加了蓝色光的Mgdoped 干样品(1750效果)以及样品在低电阻率(24)。963[m].北京:立刻, 实现了世界上第一个干p-n结蓝色/紫外线以鼓励电流-电压特性在1989年(24),如图所示在图5。我们取得AlGaN(1991年(25)和p型在1995年GaInN[26]以相同的方式。1992年,ptype 干也是Mgdoped产生的热退火与LT-GaN 963缓冲层生长中村李玮。[27]。后来,p型干了 (28)所获得的紫外线照射或电磁波第二十九条、第三十条][在高温下400操练。实现电学是必要的氮化物、活化毫克通过释放氢气的杂质,32(31)。但是,我们应该做的先大幅降低残余的捐赠者之前解决问题相关的氢钝化的杂质。

翻译： Power semiconductor devices and power electronics World's first semiconductor rectifier and the transistor is, when no power semiconductor or microelectronics semiconductor division. In 1958, China began the first research topic Thyristor (originally known as PNPN device). In similar time, the study of integrated circuits began gradually. From semiconductor devices to the two direction. The former became the basis for power electronics, while the latter led to the development and micro-electronics and information electronics. According to the system, power system devices are classified to the machinery, integrated circuits, electronic systems are included. As the semiconductor leader in the electronic systems, coupled with the semiconductor integrated circuits is the main body, which after a long-term evolution of integrated circuits in a number of occasions, has become almost synonymous with semiconductor devices only. At the end of the sixties and early seventies, the country has set off a "SCR" hot. The boom continued a long time, great influence, and therefore still believe that the domestic power of semiconductors is the main SCR. The late seventies, the development of a thyristor family. And called the name of a standardized "thyristor." As the technology to regulate the power switch, so the wear and tear on a small device, so as the energy trump card. Its application is to cover all fields. China was first mooted in 1979, the establishment of Power Electronics Society, IEEE slightly earlier than the establishment of the United States Institute of Power Electronics (Power Electronics Society). Power Electronics Society of China was founded, as a result of the importance of professional development is very rapid. However, because the focal point was the relationship, it does not like the United States become an independent professional institutes, and was subsequently set up part of the China Electrotechnical Society. The translation and definition of Power Electronics for Power Electronics (the original idea was also known as the Power Electronics), and the popularity of power electronics played a role. Mechanical, electrical, electronic and other departments are very concerned about its development. Related to the power semiconductor devices has also been known as the power electronic devices. However, this name is very difficult to find abroad, but the corresponding terms. "Electricity" in reference to electronic access to universal, but also left a number of sequels. People mistakenly believe that only high-power direction is the "power" of the main electronic devices, and the difficulty of the rapid development of the MOSFET as a "power electronics" of the other main. From that point, I would like to use power semiconductor devices as the subject of this article, and power electronic devices can be used to express a broader sense to include other non-semiconductor, including a variety of power electronic devices. The development of power semiconductor devices in three stages The development of power semiconductor devices can be divided into three stages. The first stage is 60 to the seventies, when the various types of thyristors and power transistors Darlington significant development, or what might be called the era of bipolar. Its clients are mainly for industrial applications, including power systems, such as locomotive traction. The second stage is 80 to the nineties, due to the rise of the power MOSFET to power electronics into a new area. Modern 4C booming industry: the Communication, Computer, Consumer, Car (communication, computer, consumer electronics, automobiles) to provide a new vitality. Before and after the twenty-first century, the development of power semiconductor devices have entered the third phase, that is, and integrated circuit combined with a growing stage, Figure 1 and Figure II made to the above description of a simple sum. Of course, first of all need to focus on that here is this: when the continuous development of power semiconductor devices, the previous stage has not been the dominant product from the stage of history. For example, SCR is still an important product. China has in recent years the introduction of ultra-high-power thyristor, thyristor-controlled technology, such as China's major power transmission project, providing a key device. Recently, in considering the introduction of IGCT technology. In this regard it should be said that has gradually moved towards the world. This is our country going on the many major infrastructure. Although the view from the United States, the production of high-power thyristors have been less and less on the economic development of the two countries are not identical. I draw in Figure 2 in power semiconductor devices in both directions in the development. The left side of the bipolar nature of the direction toward the integration of ultra-high-power and direction. The right direction is unipolar, it is more established and integrated circuits of the inseparable relationship between closely. 一般来说是这样的

First, semiconductor laser based on the theory Although some literature that the author created in their respective semiconductor lasers in the important role played by, but the fact is no one on semiconductor laser to the emergence of a complete theoretical basis, nor an early worker for the realization of the study and solve the semiconductor laser All the technology issues. Therefore, it can be that the semiconductor laser is the emergence and development of many co-workers on the crystallization of wisdom. As early as in September 1953, the . Feng. Newman (John Von Neumann) in his unpublished papers a manuscript in the first exposition in the semiconductor produced by stimulated emission of possibility that can be injected to the PN junction Are in the minority in mind to achieve stimulated emission; calculated according to the two brilliant transition zone between the radiation rate. Bading concluded Feng 'Newman on the basic theory of semiconductor laser after that. Through various means (for example, to inject a small number of PN junction carrier) disturbance belt electronic price band Hole and the balance of concentration, according to which non-minority-carrier in the compound and a photon. The rate of its radiation can be like amplifiers, with the same frequency of electromagnetic radiation. It should be said to be laser (Liser) the earliest concept of this than Gordon (Corden) and the Andean soup (Towes) reported by the quantum of microwave amplifiers (Maser) to the concept as early as 2001. Ecsle Normale Superieure and Pierre Aigrain in 1956 had encouraged the . radio company [RCA] Pankove start manufacturing the semiconductor laser. June 1958 in Brussels of an international conference on the statement, first published in the semiconductor be coherent light of the views, but it was not until 1964 he published articles on the theory of semiconductor lasers and experimental work. Soviet Lebedev Physical Institute Basov (Basov), and so on the outstanding contribution of semiconductor lasers, he is the first time in 1958 published an article in the semiconductor raised in the realization of negative-state (that is, population inversion) on the theory . In 1961 they published the first carrier will be injected into the semiconductor PN junction to achieve the "injection laser" exposition and demonstration in the tunnel diodes as high as in Jane and the PN junction to achieve population inversion (which is Produced by stimulated emission of the necessary conditions for) the possibility, but also that active high-density areas around the most active carrier of the border areas on both sides of the refractive index of a difference, creating optical waveguide effect. After these theories to the emergence of semiconductor laser has played a positive role in promoting, Basuo Fu therefore be Nobel Prize. However, in 1963, published by the Basuo Fu, and so on semiconductor laser experiment with the theory of the article is more active semiconductor materials for Ge. And La Vieques (Lax) in 1959 made direct bandgap semiconductor (such as GaAs, InP, etc.) than the indirect bandgap semiconductor (such as Ge, Si, etc.) is more suited to produce stimulated emission of material. This important thesis for the accuracy of which appear later confirmed by the semiconductor laser. 1960 Bell Labs of Wembley (Boyle) and Thomson put forward in parallel with the semiconductor and as a cleavage-feedback resonator, the strengthening of the laser is essential. Laser optical resonator is an integral part. 1961 Bernard (Bernard) and Dulafuge (DM raffo "rg)-use fee. Derived the concept of energy meters in the semiconductor active than in the medium to achieve population inversion conditions on the condition that the following year The success of semiconductor laser research has played an important guiding role of theory. To sum up, in theory, that should be in the semiconductor laser direct bandgap semiconductor PN junction, with the injection-carrier method by Bernard Dulafuge a condition under the control of population inversion, from electronics and Hole compound generated by the laser radiation in the optical resonant cavity oscillation be enlarged and, finally have a coherent laser output.

指导毕业论文英文翻译

指导老师的英文：adviser

英 [əd'vaɪzə] 美 [əd'vaɪzɚ]

n. 顾问；劝告者；指导教师（等于advisor）

短语：

1、Investment Adviser [经] 投资顾问 ; 投资咨询师 ; 投资参谋 ; 资顾问

2、financial adviser 财务顾问 ; 金融顾问

3、Class Adviser 班主任 ; 班主任之友

4、Parts Adviser 配件顾问 ; 配件批发顾问

5、Fashion Adviser 时尚顾问 ; 时尚参谋师

扩展资料

近义词：

1、don

英 [dɒn]

n. 先生，阁下；指导教师，大学教师；

例句：

Ask for feedback from colleagues and mentors. And don't give up!

要求同事和导师提供反馈。

2、counselor

美 ['kaʊnslɚ]

n. 顾问；法律顾问；参事（等于counsellor）；辅导老师

例句：

He is an excellent counselor, I'd listen to him if I were you.

他是一个相当出色的顾问，我要是你就肯定听他的话。

Thesis For Graduation毕业论文Thesis For Academic Degree学位论文Thesis表示比较严肃的文章，是带有一定目的的，研究性的文章。学位论文，研究报告。

毕业论文的英文翻译是thesis，音标是英 [ˈθi:sɪs] 美 [ˈθisɪs] 。

n.论文，毕业论文;论点，论题;命题

1、There is no empirical evidence to support his thesis.

他的论文缺乏实验证据的支持。

2、How well does this thesis stand up to close examination?

这个命题经得起推敲吗？

3、He has finished his thesis.

他的论文完成了。

4、She's finished writing her thesis.

她那篇论文写出来了。

5、Please write an abstract of this article 〔 thesis 〕.

请写一份这本书〔这篇论文〕的摘要。

The article has a clear-cut thesis and arguments, but lacks reasoning.

文章论点、论据鲜明，但缺乏论证。

本科毕业论文中的指导老师英语说法如下： advisers in undergraduate graduation thesis这个短语翻译，要注意两点：指导老师的翻译应为adviser，常用复数advisers。n. 顾问，劝告者; 指导教授，导师（美大学）本科毕业论文的翻译：undergraduate graduation thesis

毕业论文指导教师翻译

毕业论文指导老师

Graduation thesis instructor

重点词汇

问题一：本科论文的"导师"英语怎么表达? 通常有： supervisor mentor tutor mentor 是比较常用问题二：本科毕业论文中的指导老师英语怎么说本科毕业论文中的指导老师英语说法如下： advisers in undergraduate graduation thesis 这个短语翻译，要注意两点：指导老师的翻译应为adviser，常用复数advisers。 n. 顾问，劝告者; 指导教授，导师（美大学）本科毕业论文的翻译： undergraduate graduation thesis 问题三：论文中指导老师英文怎么翻译？指导老师 n. adviser 相关短语语言指导老师 Tutor ; English Tutor 指导老师电邮地址 Teacher's Email-address 指导老师制度 adviser system 医学预科指导老师 premed advisor 大学指导老师 university faculty advisor ; University instructor 资深指导老师 Senior Instructor ; Senior Instr 人指导老师 personal tutor 升学指导老师 College Counselor 选择一个指导老师 choosing an lnstructor 双语例句： 1.每个学生有一个指导老师和个人学习计划。 Each student has an adviser and an individual learning program. 2.这些都是指导老师建议家长花钱来制作花式小册子。 These are the same advisers who counsel families to spend money on the fancybrochures. 3.我的指导老师是一位典型的不列颠圣保罗学校毕业的苏格兰人。我觉得她喜欢羞辱那些比她更有优秀的人。因为她对我说，我们要想办法来掩盖你是博士生的事实。 My adviser" was the Scots incarnation of Little Britain's Pauline, who relished humiliating people better qualified than herself: We have to find ways of hidingthe fact you've got a PhD, she said. 问题四：毕业论文导师英语怎么说这是专有名词 Thesis advisor。。。论文指导老师问题五：毕业论文的指导老师用英语怎么说 tutor 指导教师问题六：赎渎是什么意思抵消；弥补。问题七：在导师的悉心指导下，完成了论文用英语怎么说 Under the guidance of the tutor, pleted the paper 在导师的悉心指导下，完成了论文

指导老师的英文：adviser

英 [əd'vaɪzə] 美 [əd'vaɪzɚ]

n. 顾问；劝告者；指导教师（等于advisor）

短语：

1、Investment Adviser [经] 投资顾问 ; 投资咨询师 ; 投资参谋 ; 资顾问

2、financial adviser 财务顾问 ; 金融顾问

3、Class Adviser 班主任 ; 班主任之友

4、Parts Adviser 配件顾问 ; 配件批发顾问

5、Fashion Adviser 时尚顾问 ; 时尚参谋师

扩展资料

近义词：

1、don

英 [dɒn]

n. 先生，阁下；指导教师，大学教师；

例句：

Ask for feedback from colleagues and mentors. And don't give up!

要求同事和导师提供反馈。

2、counselor

美 ['kaʊnslɚ]

n. 顾问；法律顾问；参事（等于counsellor）；辅导老师

例句：

He is an excellent counselor, I'd listen to him if I were you.

他是一个相当出色的顾问，我要是你就肯定听他的话。

翻译论文中翻译方法

. 不能大改，只能小修。一是因为大改的话，实际上是在证明你没通过答辩，没有获得答辩专家的认可；二是因为答辩之前已经进行论文检测，那么，你最终提交的论文版本与检测版本要一致。这个“一致”的意思是，论文题目、结构、内容等不能有根本性变化。所以，改几个段落没问题，改几个小标题也没问题，但要是增加一个章节、目录大换血等操作就不行了。北京译顶科技做的不错，可以联系他们一下加速查下。

复制论文，粘贴到一个翻译app或者网站上就会变成全中文的了。

有钱的话，找机构翻译咯，250词50。不过很多是假人工翻译。

1、采用增译法进行论文翻译增译法指根据英汉两种语言不同的思维方式、语言习惯和表达方式，在翻译时增添一些词、短句或句子，以便更准确地表达出原文所包含的意义。这种方式多半用在汉译英的论文翻译里。通过增译，一能保证译文语法结构的完整，二可以保证译文意思的明确。2、采用省译法进行论文翻译省译法是与增译法相对应的一种论文翻译方法，即删去不符合目标语思维习惯、语言习惯和表达方式的词，以避免译文累赘。3、采用转换法进行论文翻译转换法：指翻译过程中为了使译文符合目标语的表述方式、方法和习惯而对原句中的词类、句型和语态等进行转换。