论文投稿百科

景点名称翻译论文开题报告

发布时间:2024-05-20 01:14:40

景点名称翻译论文开题报告

翻译学论文开题报告

开题报告是提高选题质量和水平的`重要环节。下面是我为大家整理的一篇以《目的论在英汉广告翻译上的应用》为例的语言学硕士论文开题报告,供参考阅读,希望对您有所帮助。

1、选题意义和背景

The progress of economic globalization has greatly hit the social life.

Advertising has become an important way of modern marketing and has attractedmerchants and the company. As people's consciousness worldwide enhances, manyproducts and services of advertising will be translated into other languages forpromotion to explore overseas markets. Advertising, as an effective way ofdisseminating brand information, has penetrated into many aspects of social life, andit plays a bridge role in connection and communication. Since China's accession tothe WTO, its connection with the world gets even closer. More and moreinternational enterprises and product brands come into China's huge market.

Translation of products and services for overseas consumers is not only the functionof promoting consumption, but also the effect of external publicity. In the globalmarket, advertising translation not only brings an opportunity for advertising, butalso has brings the huge challenge. Therefore, mastery of both Chinese and Englishadvertising translation is particularly important.

Skopos theory is the foundation and the core theory of functionalism. Skopostheory holds that the process of the whole translation behavior is determined to thepurpose of translation action, that is, the end justifies the means. The purpose of thetranslation behavior is the core element which determines the translation process.

Advertising translation has a strong purpose. What is more important toadvertising translation is whether translation can convey the purpose of source textand achieve the anticipated target of the source text, so as to attract the attention offoreign customers to induce their consumption desire, eventually to incur purchasebehavior.

2、论文综述/研究基础

1 Advertising Translation Studies in the West.

Advertising translation was mentioned in translation studies for the first time inHurbin's (1972) article “Peut-on traduire la langue de la publicé” (Can OneTranslate the Language of Advertising?)。 At that time, linguistics was the dominanthumanistic discipline, meanwhile, linguistics made translating a code-switchingoperation. Equivalence-based linguistic approaches mainly focus on the source text.

Hurhin argued that for one source text, there are several translations, and thetranslators chose which translation is the most appropriate one. Hurbin also pointedthat if glossaries of advertising language is compiled, this was made easier. So thetranslators will be easy to find the most appropriate equivalent expressions betweenthe source and the target text.

In Candace Seguinot's (1995) article “Translation and Advertising: GoingGlobal in Cultural Functions of Translation”. The main opinion of which is thatacross cultural boundaries, there is an understanding of culture and semioticsappearing in the marketing of goods and services. It goes well beyond both languageand design.

Another representative article “Advertising: a five-stage strategy for translationin Translation” as Intercultural Communication which is edited by C. Nord et al. Thearticle is published by Smith & Klein-Braley (1997)。 In this article, they conduct acontrastive analysis of English and German advertising. Then they developedtaxonomy of strategies for the analysis of advertising translation.

Up to now, the book which maybe the only one published exclusively onadvertisement translation is Translation Practices in International Advertisingwritten by Mathieu Guidere (2001)。 This book mainly talks about various aspects ofadvertising translation in international market and mainly concerns the globaladvertising of multinational companies, because they need to translate their productsinformation into other languages. The author analyzes some examples in advertisingtranslation and he shows readers some essential problems in current translation ideas.

This book introduced the strategies of translation which are implemented by the multinational firms to break into new markets.

2 Advertising Translation Studies in China.

Domestic advertising translation studies officially started in 1990s. In terms ofresearch contents, the initial studies mainly focused on the discussion about specificadvertising translation of idioms and the existing problems in Chinese-Englishadvertising translation. That was the primary stage. Years later, advertisingtranslation principle and criteria became the research themes. People hold the viewthat, advertising translation should give attention to in many aspects, such as text,language beauty, consumer psychology. Researchers illustrated their respectivepoints of view from different angles. Since the late 90s, although the discussion oftranslation principle and criteria were still mentioned, the researchers' attention weregradually focused on translation of difficult parts in advertising, such as therhetorical devices, emotional transmission, brand image and trademark reproduction ,etc. In terms of research methods, domestic advertising translation study mainly usesthe inductive method and the case study. Nevertheless, in recent years, researchersbegin to use the theory achievements of pragmatics and other related disciplines toanalyze different kinds of problems in advertising translation, and then put forwardsome translation strategies.

As early as xx, Li Fan proposed the development of the advertising languageposed a severe challenge to advertising translation. The artful advertisings require thetranslator to break hard the tradition of the original, boldly innovate, and improve thequality of translation. There are three reasons for flexible advertising translation: 1)the purpose of advertising is to induce consumer to purchase products. Text is justmeans, so translations do not have to stick to the text equivalent; 2) the feature ofadvertising language is vivid, which is the essence of advertising language. If thetranslation is not bold to change, there will be no magic translation; 3) formulaicexpressions are common use in advertising, if not alternative, it may be translatedinto foreign stereotyped writing (黎凡 xx:29-31)。 At the same time, researchersthought in terms of some specific advertisements, flexible translation seems to be theonly way, especially in the four kinds of advertising: 1) advertising used of witty and polished words; 2) advertising used of brand name; 3) advertising used of puns; 4)advertising with strong national culture color.

In order to achieve concise expression, attract more readers' attention, facilitatereaders recognize and remember, advertising writing should follow the KISSprinciple, namely, “keep it short and sweet” (郭可 1992:57-64)。 A great number ofstudies on advertising translation are associated with concise problem. Ding Shude isdedicated to his studies. He holds that: 1) Chinese advertising often uses modifiers toemphasis, product characteristics, while English advertising is simple words, mainlywith oral type. a lot of subject-predicative phrases in Chinese can be directlytranslated into adjectives English , such as 速度快、效率高、行动灵活 can betranslated into “fast, efficient and handy”; 2) There are a large number of the fourwords in Chinese advertising structure, which bring parallelism and overlapping tostrengthen language, but there is no such characteristic in English. InChinese-English translation should hold the center, around the center word leads toall aspects; 3) there are often loose sentences, which express a large amount ofinformation in Chinese advertising. Translation should be concise and compact,strengthen the logic; 4) Chinese advertising commonly uses formulaic expressions.

Translation should be fascinating, considering the overall rhetorical, but not stackrhetoric. Good English advertising language is not many words, but it is impressive(丁树德 xx: 42-43)。 Cao Shunfa also takes a large number of examples of bothEnglish-Chinese translation two aspects show that based on the principle of simple,the translation of advertising language should strive to use the most simple languageto express the most complex meaning, to make it easy to be remembered (曹顺发xx: 43-45)。

Equivalence theory is based on Nida's equivalence translation theory. On thisbasis, some researchers point out that commercial advertising translation is mainlyon the equivalence of semantic, social and cultural, and stylistic aspect. 1) Thesemantic equivalence. This is the most basic and important equivalence. From wordto chapter, in order to achieve the semantic equivalence, the first thing to thetranslator is that he must determine the meaning of the translation unit in context.

英语专业翻译方向论文开题报告范文

以下是由我整理的.英语专业翻译方向论文的开题报告范文,供大家参考!

How to Deal with Ellipsis in English-Chinese Translation

I. Purpose and Significance

With the development of globalization, the world’s political, economic and cultural communications are becoming increasingly frequent. Therefore, the role of translation cannot be ignored. However, the differences between English and Chinese cultures that are reflected in the two languages pose considerable difficulty.

It is acknowledged that when doing translation one can not translate word for word, or sentence by sentence. Therefore, we must use some translation strategies such as amplification, ellipsis, conversion and so on. Ellipsis as one of the basic translation methods plays an essential role in English-Chinese rendition. Translators apply it in order to make their versions more coherent and understandable.

According to the Oxford Advanced Learner’s English-Chinese Dictionary, ellipsis means leaving out a word or words from a sentence deliberately, when the meaning can be understood without them. Ellipsis in translation does not mean cutting some content from the original articles. What could be omitted are words that are useless in translated works or else they will make the versions redundant or disobey the manner of expression in another language.

Some words and phrases are useless in Chinese but necessary in English. Articles in English are the most significant phenomenon from this aspect. They are very important in English, but we can hardly see any reflection of this part in Chinese. Ellipsis is designed on the basis of faithfulness to the original text, making it more fluent, smooth, concise, thus conforming to idiomatic Chinese. The paper will explore ellipsis in English-Chinese translation from five aspects, which are ellipses of pronouns, conjunctions, articles, prepositions, modifications, so as to achieve smoother and clearer communications among China and English-speaking countries.

II. Literature Review

Long before, some people began to learn other countries’ languages to understand others cultures. In China, Xuanzang was the first translator who not only translated the Sanskrit sutras into Chinese, but introduced the first Chinese writings to foreign countries, making foreigners understand China’s ancient culture. Meanwhile, he was the first to translate Lao Tse's works into Sanskrit. Indian scholars had a high opinion of Xuanzang, "In China, there is no such great translator, and also in the human cultural history, we can only say that Xuanzang is the first great translator."(Ye Lang, 2008) We can say that it was Xuanzang who motivated people to know the different parts of the world, their cultures and the peoples who live there. Then, some big countries such as America, China, and so on became a melting pot.(Gu Zhengkun, 2000) People have imperceptibly spent thousands of years in knowing each other.

With China’s entry into WTO and its open-up policy, cross-cultural exchanges are increasingly frequent between this country and others. A lot of foreign tourists come to visit China. While traveling, these foreigners are not satisfied with the translations of the scenic spots. Sometimes, they even feel confused. A lot of problems exist in the translation, such as misuse of words, poor expression of meaning and so on. All of these poor translations do harm to our country’s international image, and cause a lot of inconveniences for the foreign visitors. (Ma Zuyi, 2000). I am fond of tourism and being a free tourist like the others who are good at enjoying their wonderful lives. The love of tourism makes me feel the need to improve the translation. But every time when I have a trip, many unsuitable translations of the names of those scenic spots will embarrass me. Tourism is part of intercultural communication, so proper translation of the scenic spots become more and more important to our country.

Communication plays a significant role in the globalized society. In order to know each other better, people from all over the world have tried a verity of ways. Of course, translation is one of them. All translators have done their best to make the translated works more consistent with the needs of people.(Gu Jinming, 1997) From my perspective, they really have done a great job. And I want to retrospect the cause of their development. After a thorough evaluation, I choose a branch of translation—ellipsis in translation from English to Chinese, then I did the following jobs.

I put all my researches and other stuffs together, and then I found that it is a common case in English and Chinese which draws much academic interest. In 1976, Halliday and Hsan classified ellipsis into nominal, verbal and clausal ellipsis. This classification exerts great influence in academic circle. Thereafter, ellipsis in Chinese and English has been studied according to this theory, which is based on different layers of structure. This kind of study underlines differentiations and similarities of ellipsis in Chinese and English.

Another famous theory to explain ellipsis is Economy Principle. Economy Principle was put forward by Chomsky (1991,1993, and 1995) in his Generate Crammer. It maintains that language and linguistic study follow Economy Principle, which means using the least effort to express the most information. This principle just coincides with ellipsis in function.

In this thesis, I think that brevity is the most obvious and common function of ellipsis, especially in daily language. And in both English and Chinese, people advocate brevity. Shakespeare once remarked, “brevity is the soul of wit”, and in Chinese there are numerous idioms like “yan jian yi gai” (meaning compendious). However, apart from the function of brevity, ellipsis embodies other functions which are also pretty common in the two languages but less noticed.(Hua Xianfa,2002)These functions distribute in both English and Chinese unevenly and represent great colorfulness of language. Exploring other functions of ellipsis and searching for functional recreation in translation will be of much benefit to both English to Chinese and Chinese to English translation.

I found that when Chinese authors try to analyse ellipsis in English to Chinese translation, they always initially put articles in the list. They consider that it is a common phenomenon that Chinese always leave out personal articles. While it is obviously different in English that almost every sentence has a subject, we can see articles fluently. That is because when we translate from English to Chinese, personal articles can be omitted, even though sometimes it may appear once, it can also be omitted if necessary. Furthermore, if the objects can be seen obviously, personal articles should also be omitted. However, it never happens in English. From this point, it is not only allowable but also necessary when we translate personal articles which are objects in sentences into Chinese.

In my point of view, the development of society has in some way has deliberately promoted the way of people’s thinking, translation system has become more and more perfect, people from all over the world have enjoyed the convenience. However, we can not neglect that there are still some problems in this field in China, and we have less influential Chinese translators in the world. Therefore, we still have a long way to go in translation.

III. Feasibility Analysis

This academic paper is a feasible project and the reasons are as follows:

have great interests in the way of English-Chinese translation.

have already studied translation methods and have been familiar with the functions and applications of ellipsis .

have collected enough references both Chinese and Western on ellipsis in

translation and do a scrupulous study of the relationship between them.

have a carefully planned schedule and have worked out a detailed outline of this thesis.

have acquainted myself with the correct format, a clear and complete structure required by the academic paper, and my adequate English competence will enable me to write in fluent and precise English.

instructor is a qualified translator who is familiar with the subject I havechosen.

IV. Problems of the research and solutions

1. Problems

Despite the references I have collected and read, a thorough study of ellipsis in English-Chinese translation from the point of freely using still needs far more. What’s more, owing to the limited ways of getting references in Xinjiang, I will have to make full use of my present resources. Also, this is the first time I have ever written such a serious academic paper. I am therefore a learner and lack the needed training and experience.

2. Solutions

(1) I shall make full use of my already acquired references which come from books, magazines and the Internet as well.

(2) I shall value my own original thoughts and mainly rely on detailed analysis that I have read from the books which have closely idea with my purpose.

(3) When I have difficulties in the writing process, I shall consult my instructor and seek for help.

V. Necessary conditions

1. Our university and school of foreign languages have provided the basic study and research conditions and facilities, including books and journals in the library and reading rooms.

2. The Internet is another source of information and on the campus we have easy access to the Internet.

3. I have been assigned an instructor to guide me through the whole process of planning and writing.

VI. Outline

I. Introduction

A. A Brief Introduction of Ellipsis in Translation

B. What Should We Pay Attention to When Dealing with Ellipsis

C. The Reason Why Ellipsis Is So Widely Used in Translation

1. Chinese Expressions Are Much Briefer Than That of English

2. English Grammar Is Wee-Knit and Complete in Sentence Structure

II. The Principles of Ellipsis

A. Omitted Words Must Be Useless And Unnecessary in the Translated Works

B. The Meaning of the Omitted Words Is Implied in the Test

C. Omitted Words Which Are Self-Evident

Ш. The Functions and Applications of Ellipsis

A. The Coherence of the Meaning of Expression

B. The Coincidence of the Manner of Expression

1. Ellipsis of Articles

a. Ellipsis of Definite Articles

b. Ellipsis of Indefinite Articles

2. Ellipsis of Prepositions

3. Ellipsis of Pronouns

a. Ellipsis of Personal and Impersonal Pronouns

b. Ellipsis of Indefinite Pronouns

c. Ellipsis of Relative Pronouns

4. Ellipsis of Conjunctions

a. Ellipsis of Coordinating Conjunctions

b. Ellipsis of Subordinate Conjunctions

5. Ellipsis of Rhetoric

a. Ellipsis of Repeated Words

b. Ellipsis of Synonyms

题目定了么,格式给我。

可写 Introduction 或 Background 介绍写论文的目的 或 研究的目标

旅游景点名称翻译论文英文文献

我正好看到一篇有关旅游景点名称;归化;异化;直译;音译;意译的文章,里面大概阐述了有关旅游景点翻译时注意的一些事项,你可以借鉴一下。:) 复制下摘要: 摘要:旅游景点名称的翻译是旅游翻译的重要环节。但是由于景点名称所包含文化的多样性以及中英文之间的不对等性,使得在中文景点名称的英译过程中信息传递的不完全,存在有许多困难以及误区。本文分析了中文景点名称的特点,并对其进行分类;剖析了“归化”和“异化”这两种翻译策略的优缺点,并对现在用得较多的翻译方法:“音译”,“直译”和“意译”进行了比较、分析。从而对于旅游景点名称的翻译进行初步的探讨。 再给你补充一些中英文的景点介绍,供你参考。 1.城隍庙的英文介绍稿: Chenghuang Miao Temple 城隍庙 The Temple of the Town Deity is located south of Yuyuan Gardan. There used to be a temple to the local deity, whick the inhabitants believed would protect them, in every city. The city deities were frequently real persons to whom the town owed something. Today, an arts aand crafts store is in the temple. Garden 豫园 Yuyuan Garden is northeast of the Old Town. A high official had it designed in the Suzhou style as a private garden and built from 1559-- 1577. Later, it was restored several times. In spite of its relatively small area of two hectares it seems considerably larger due to the skillful arrangement of 30 different landscape scenes. The garden consists of an inner and an outer section. The inner garden, neiyuan, is in the southern part and substantially smaller than the outer one, but then, it is more impressive and romantic, if it is possible to visit it in the early moring hours in order to enjoy it alone. An excellent calligrapher displays his work in one of the halls. the outer part is in the north and contains numberous halls, pavilions and lakes. In 1853, the Pavilion of Spring in the northeast was the seat of the Xiaodao Hui, the Society of Little Swords, tho led an uprishing against Qing rule and occupied Shanghai for 17 months. Today, weapons and coins made by the Xiaodao Hui society, among other objects, are exhibited in this hall. A man-made, 11-m-high hill bounds the garden in the northwest. Huxin Ting teahouse is a favorite with the citizens of Shanghai. It is in the southwest, outside of the garden grounds, a two-story building resting on posts in the middle of a pond and connected to the shore by a 'Zigzag Bridge' 3.张家界旅游景点介绍 4.马鞍山景点英文介绍 Anhui Tour - Colorful Stones Rock (Caishiji) Anhui Tour - Colorful Stones Rock Rising precipitously beside the rolling Yangtze River seven kilometers southwest of Ma'anshan City, Anhui Province, this rock used to be called Bull Islet Rock (Niuzhuji) because a legendary gold bull is said to have appeared here in ancient times. The present name was adopted during the period of the Three Kingdoms (220-280) because the area abounded in colorful stones. The rock occupies a position of strategic importance. Its scenery is dominated by pines, bamboos, and the steep cliffs of Cuiluo Hill. Caishiji is one of the three most famous such rocks along the banks of the Yangtze River, the other two are Chenglingji in Yueyang, and Yanziji in Nanjing. It was here that Li Bai wrote many immortal poems. There are such places of interest as Taibai Tower, the Memorial Hall to Li Bai, and the Tower to Catch the Moon. Add: Caishi Township, Ma'anshan, Anhui Anhui Tour - Tomb of Libai Lying at the foot of Mt. Qingshan southeast of Dangtu County, Ma'anshan, the Tomb of Li Bai (701-762), a great poet of the Tang Dynasty, covers an area of three hectares, in the shade of ancient pines and willow trees. Near the tomb there is a memorial hall named Taibai, which houses stone inscriptions of past dynasties and paintings and calligraphy by distinguished artists. Through the ages, numerous men of letters came to show their respect to Li Bai. Green Snail Hill (Cuiluoshan) This hill, which faces the Yangtze and the Niuzhu rivers seven kilometers southwest of the city, got its name because it is shaped like a snail. The huge Taibai Tower on the hill was dedicated to the memory of the famous Tang Dynasty poet Li Bai (701-762). It is said that after a drinking spree Li Bai plunged into the Yangtze in an attempt to catch the moon, only to drown. The terrace from which he leaped is called Catching the Moon Terrace (Zhuoyuetai). Fishermen fetched his cap and clothes from the river and buried them in a tomb on the hill. 采石风景区以诗人李白为灵魂,以"翠螺出大江"的壮丽景观和锁溪河风光为载体,含翠螺山、荷包山、小九华和采石镇、小黄洲在内的名胜。景区内的太白楼,四角飞翘,斗拱画梁,古色古香,与黄鹤楼、岳阳楼、腾王阁并称为“三楼一阁”。沿石级向上,有联璧台、燃犀亭、三元洞、三台阁、李白衣冠冢等,像一串串珍珠镶篏在翠螺山上下,五彩斑烂,美不胜收。人类和大自然的和谒,在这里得到充分的诠释。希望采纳

活动名称:探寻瑶族发源地—灌阳千家峒(级别2:美景+艰难+技巧)活动时间:五月二日到五月五日(四天)活动目的地:千家峒原始森林活动内容:观赏自然美景、摄影、野外露营、登山、挑战自我千家峒的传说:传说瑶族的始祖盘瓠是一只龙犬,帮助皇帝打败了对手,娶了三公主为妻,来到这里过起了世外桃源的生活。他们生下6男6女,皇上赐姓为:盘沈郑黄李邓周冯赵胡雷蒲。数百年后,这里发展到几千户人家、数万亩良田,生活富足。元朝年代,有人偶然路过这里,当作美事传说,不料竟招来灭顶之灾――官府进山收税。热情好客的瑶民家家轮流做东,款待官员,三年过去了,收税的还没走遍千家峒。官府以为他们被抗税瑶民杀了,进军围剿,血流成河……幸存者不得不逃离家园。临走时,千家峒的族人拿出一只牛角,锯成12节,每姓一节,发誓500年后,要让12节牛角重新接拢,返回千家峒团聚。然而,岁月流逝,历史变迁,千家峒的具体位置已被人淡忘。700年过去了,无数瑶民仍在寻找千家峒……1998年,据武汉大学宫哲兵教授及国家有关部门考证,这块位于都庞山脉广西灌阳县东部、湖南道县西部、江永县西北部的神秘土地就是瑶族同胞的发源地――千家峒。海拔2009米,从地形图上看,掩隐在茫茫原始森林中的千家峒是一个高山环抱的小小盆地;通往千家峒的山路,像高空摄影中的万里长城,绵延曲折,绕了半个灌阳县境。千家峒是一个神秘而又神圣的地方,古迹斑斑,田园犹在。放眼望去,夹在原始森林中的上万亩只长青草不长树木的土地,犹如正在耕种的田园,阡陌纵横,芳草青青,踏进这里,顿时有一种到家的感觉。第一天早上九点在桂林汽车站集中,乘车去灌阳,午餐,采购上山油盐柴米酱醋茶--4天晚餐需要的食品。到达千家峒自然保护区,开始徒步登山,傍晚到达原始森林边缘的最后一户人家,扎营,埋锅造饭,饮山泉吃野餐,艰难行程前的最后Fb。第二天早餐后,赏“牛鼻子出水”瀑布,黄泥江瀑布,开始艰难行程。傍晚扎营黑山漕,晚餐,品尝山村野味--腊肉土鸡野菜第三天早餐,整理装备,全力登顶,穿原始森林,渡道江河,攀古怪冲,抵达千家峒。赏高山草甸,观石山猴群,吃原汁原味都庞岭顶峰韭菜岭的野生韭菜!做一回真正与世隔绝的原始人:)第四天早餐,开始下撤,傍晚回到灌阳县城,腐败一顿以弥补多日的艰苦生活,乘车返回桂林。全程预计AA费用:200元左右/人(四天,多退少补)包含如下:交通费、向导费、森林保护费、山中四天野外晚餐及烧烤食品(如队员需要另请山民挑行装,费用由队员自负,约45元/天)俱乐部收取费用:公共器材费:5元/人/天活动组织费:非会员30元/人/天 会员10元/人/天领队工资: 非会员15元/人/天 会员5元/人/天说明:公共器材费及活动组织费、领队工资为俱乐部收取的经营成本费用。领队的AA费用由全体队员共同分担,原则上8个队员配一个领队个人自带物品:45升以上背包、野外食品8餐、登山鞋及备用鞋、睡袋、保暖衣物、防潮垫、帐篷,防雨服装、手电(建议使用头灯)、水壶(1升以上)、哨子、小刀、替换内外衣袜、个人常用药品、防晒用品、个人卫生用具、娱乐用品、防水袋、蛇药、个人餐具个人如需防潮垫及帐篷、睡袋,可向俱乐部租用,具体价格见装备出租价格单。俱乐部提供:防水天盖、营灯、备用炉具、垃圾袋、医药用品、烧烤用具考虑到山中实际情况,若全部吃自带干粮太过艰苦,准备每日晚餐时埋锅做饭,佐以腊肉土鸡野菜为食,充分补充体能,以便第二天能挑战新的艰苦环境,所以请大家携带好个人餐具。四天时间每日以坡度较大的狭窄山路为主,所以大家可以根据自己体力情况尽量携带轻便实用的物品。众所周知户外探险活动潜藏有不可预见的意外情况发生,请准备参加活动的人员充分了解这一危险性,在决定参加活动前参照自身情况综合考虑清楚。本俱乐部组织的户外活动只是一种自愿性质的AA制活动,并不能保证参加人员不会因突发情况意外受伤,建议个人向保险公司购买相应保险,当发生意外时,保险公司将按不同情况的理赔标准给予赔付,本俱乐部不另外承担赔付责任,但本俱乐部将尽一切努力进行救护与援助。每位队员必须与俱乐部签订自愿参加协议书,才能参加活动。

Iron pagoda 铁塔Xiangguo temple 相国寺大多数都是拼音的其实。中国地名拒绝用英语标识 牵扯到主权问题似乎

这个问题我已经回答过你开封街道上指示牌的铭文标注都是正确的。我们学校外语学院有位教授说 铁塔公园内有很多英文标注是错误的 如果楼主想写论文可以直接去铁塔公园。其他的规模大错误率很低说到详细一点对于名字的英文标识暂且不谈 我们教授说 铁塔公园的介绍,就是一边是汉语一边是英语的几百字的简介错误连篇,一切指引标识也有很大出入

电影名翻译论文开题报告

翻译专业开题报告

开题报告是毕业论文答辩委员会对学生答辩资格审查的一个重要依据材料。下面是我为大家收集整理的翻译专业开题报告,欢迎阅读。

How to Deal with Ellipsis in English-Chinese Translation

I. Purpose and Significance

With the development of globalization, the world’s political, economic and cultural communications are becoming increasingly frequent. Therefore, the role of translation cannot be ignored. However, the differences between English and Chinese cultures that are reflected in the two languages pose considerable difficulty.

It is acknowledged that when doing translation one can not translate word for word, or sentence by sentence. Therefore, we must use some translation strategies such as amplification, ellipsis, conversion and so on. Ellipsis as one of the basic translation methods plays an essential role in English-Chinese rendition. Translators apply it in order to make their versions more coherent and understandable.

According to the Oxford Advanced Learner’s English-Chinese Dictionary, ellipsis means leaving out a word or words from a sentence deliberately, when the meaning can be understood without them. Ellipsis in translation does not mean cutting some content from the original articles. What could be omitted are words that are useless in translated works or else they will make the versions redundant or disobey the manner of expression in another language.

Some words and phrases are useless in Chinese but necessary in English. Articles in English are the most significant phenomenon from this aspect. They are very important in English, but we can hardly see any reflection of this part in Chinese. Ellipsis is designed on the basis of faithfulness to the original text, making it more fluent, smooth, concise, thus conforming to idiomatic Chinese. The paper will explore ellipsis in English-Chinese translation from five aspects, which are ellipses of pronouns, conjunctions, articles, prepositions, modifications, so as to achieve smoother and clearer communications among China and English-speaking countries.

II. Literature Review

Long before, some people began to learn other countries’ languages to understand others cultures. In China, Xuanzang was the first translator who not only translated the Sanskrit sutras into Chinese, but introduced the first Chinese writings to foreign countries, making foreigners understand China’s ancient culture. Meanwhile, he was the first to translate Lao Tse's works into Sanskrit. Indian scholars had a high opinion of Xuanzang, "In China, there is no such great translator, and also in the human cultural history, we can only say that Xuanzang is the first great translator."(Ye Lang, 2008) We can say that it was Xuanzang who motivated people to know the different parts of the world, their cultures and the peoples who live there. Then, some big countries such as America, China, and so on became a melting pot.(Gu Zhengkun, 2000) People have imperceptibly spent thousands of years in knowing each other.

With China’s entry into WTO and its open-up policy, cross-cultural exchanges are increasingly frequent between this country and others. A lot of foreign tourists come to visit China. While traveling, these foreigners are not satisfied with the translations of the scenic spots. Sometimes, they even feel confused. A lot of problems exist in the translation, such as misuse of words, poor expression of meaning and so on. All of these poor translations do harm to our country’s international image, and cause a lot of inconveniences for the foreign visitors. (Ma Zuyi, 2000). I am fond of tourism and being a free tourist like the others who are good at enjoying their wonderful lives. The love of tourism makes me feel the need to improve the translation. But every time when I have a trip, many unsuitable translations of the names of those scenic spots will embarrass me. Tourism is part of intercultural communication, so proper translation of the scenic spots become more and more important to our country.

Communication plays a significant role in the globalized society. In order to know each other better, people from all over the world have tried a verity of ways. Of course, translation is one of them. All translators have done their best to make the translated works more consistent with the needs of people.(Gu Jinming, 1997) From my perspective, they really have done a great job. And I want to retrospect the cause of their development. After a thorough evaluation, I choose a branch of translation—ellipsis in translation from English to Chinese, then I did the following jobs.

I put all my researches and other stuffs together, and then I found that it is a common case in English and Chinese which draws much academic interest. In 1976, Halliday and Hsan classified ellipsis into nominal, verbal and clausal ellipsis. This classification exerts great influence in academic circle. Thereafter, ellipsis in Chinese and English has been studied according to this theory, which is based on different layers of structure. This kind of study underlines differentiations and similarities of ellipsis in Chinese and English.

Another famous theory to explain ellipsis is Economy Principle. Economy Principle was put forward by Chomsky (1991,1993, and 1995) in his Generate Crammer. It maintains that language and linguistic study follow Economy Principle, which means using the least effort to express the most information. This principle just coincides with ellipsis in function.

In this thesis, I think that brevity is the most obvious and common function of ellipsis, especially in daily language. And in both English and Chinese, people advocate brevity. Shakespeare once remarked, “brevity is the soul of wit”, and in Chinese there are numerous idioms like “yan jian yi gai” (meaning compendious). However, apart from the function of brevity, ellipsis embodies other functions which are also pretty common in the two languages but less noticed.(Hua Xianfa,2002)These functions distribute in both English and Chinese unevenly and represent great colorfulness of language. Exploring other functions of ellipsis and searching for functional recreation in translation will be of much benefit to both English to Chinese and Chinese to English translation.

I found that when Chinese authors try to analyse ellipsis in English to Chinese translation, they always initially put articles in the list. They consider that it is a common phenomenon that Chinese always leave out personal articles. While it is obviously different in English that almost every sentence has a subject, we can see articles fluently. That is because when we translate from English to Chinese, personal articles can be omitted, even though sometimes it may appear once, it can also be omitted if necessary. Furthermore, if the objects can be seen obviously, personal articles should also be omitted. However, it never happens in English. From this point, it is not only allowable but also necessary when we translate personal articles which are objects in sentences into Chinese.

In my point of view, the development of society has in some way has deliberately promoted the way of people’s thinking, translation system has become more and more perfect, people from all over the world have enjoyed the convenience. However, we can not neglect that there are still some problems in this field in China, and we have less influential Chinese translators in the world. Therefore, we still have a long way to go in translation.

III. Feasibility Analysis

This academic paper is a feasible project and the reasons are as follows:

have great interests in the way of English-Chinese translation.

have already studied translation methods and have been familiar with the functions and applications of ellipsis .

have collected enough references both Chinese and Western on ellipsis in

translation and do a scrupulous study of the relationship between them.

have a carefully planned schedule and have worked out a detailed outline of this thesis.

have acquainted myself with the correct format, a clear and complete structure required by the academic paper, and my adequate English competence will enable me to write in fluent and precise English.

instructor is a qualified translator who is familiar with the subject I havechosen.

IV. Problems of the research and solutions

1. Problems

Despite the references I have collected and read, a thorough study of ellipsis in English-Chinese translation from the point of freely using still needs far more. What’s more, owing to the limited ways of getting references in Xinjiang, I will have to make full use of my present resources. Also, this is the first time I have ever written such a serious academic paper. I am therefore a learner and lack the needed training and experience.

2. Solutions

(1) I shall make full use of my already acquired references which come from books, magazines and the Internet as well.

(2) I shall value my own original thoughts and mainly rely on detailed analysis that I have read from the books which have closely idea with my purpose.

(3) When I have difficulties in the writing process, I shall consult my instructor and seek for help.

V. Necessary conditions

1. Our university and school of foreign languages have provided the basic study and research conditions and facilities, including books and journals in the library and reading rooms.

2. The Internet is another source of information and on the campus we have easy access to the Internet.

3. I have been assigned an instructor to guide me through the whole process of planning and writing.

VI. Outline

I. Introduction

A. A Brief Introduction of Ellipsis in Translation

B. What Should We Pay Attention to When Dealing with Ellipsis

C. The Reason Why Ellipsis Is So Widely Used in Translation

1. Chinese Expressions Are Much Briefer Than That of English

2. English Grammar Is Wee-Knit and Complete in Sentence Structure

II. The Principles of Ellipsis

A. Omitted Words Must Be Useless And Unnecessary in the Translated Works

B. The Meaning of the Omitted Words Is Implied in the Test

C. Omitted Words Which Are Self-Evident

Ш. The Functions and Applications of Ellipsis

A. The Coherence of the Meaning of Expression

B. The Coincidence of the Manner of Expression

1. Ellipsis of Articles

a. Ellipsis of Definite Articles

b. Ellipsis of Indefinite Articles

2. Ellipsis of Prepositions

3. Ellipsis of Pronouns

a. Ellipsis of Personal and Impersonal Pronouns

b. Ellipsis of Indefinite Pronouns

c. Ellipsis of Relative Pronouns

4. Ellipsis of Conjunctions

a. Ellipsis of Coordinating Conjunctions

b. Ellipsis of Subordinate Conjunctions

5. Ellipsis of Rhetoric

a. Ellipsis of Repeated Words

b. Ellipsis of Synonyms

选题的原因、基本内容:

英语成语(idiom)是英语的核心与精华。其内容丰富,寓意深刻,具有浓厚的感情色彩。如果能在文章、谈话或对外交往中,恰当地加以运用,会大大增加语言的表达能力,收到良好的效果。英语谚语是英语语言的'精华,是英国艺术宝库的瑰丽明珠。英语谚语的句式特点是句式简单,语言精炼,富于形象比喻,充满浓郁的民族色彩。学习和研究英语谚语有助于启迪思想,开拓视野,了解英国的历史文化、风土人情,以及英国人民的人生哲理,同时还可以学到生动活泼的大众语言。

本文通过比较英汉成语及谚语这两种语言的相似及不同之处,详细的介绍英语成语及谚语。第一部分主要从内容和形式两方面谈谈英语成语及谚语的基本特色;第二部分谈及英语成语及谚语的一般翻译方法和翻译时应该注意的一些问题。

相关资料收集情况:

陈亚光。小议英谚语和成语的创新。上海外国语学院学报,1983。

黄粉保。英汉成语翻译漫谈。云梦学刊,1999/2

顾雪梁。语成语英译探索。广州师范学院学报,1993/2。

张培基,喻云根,李宗杰,彭谟禹。《英汉翻译教程》。北京:中国外语教育出版社,xx/8

杨永和。英语谚语的修辞特点研究。重庆工学院学报,xx/3。

论文提纲:

thesis statemen:this essay discourse the features and translation of english

idioms and proverbs. and from the society culture to find out the basic different between chinese.

outline

ⅰ. introduction: for chinese students, english idioms and proverbs is a stumbling block. so the characteristics and translation of idioms and proverbs should be studied.

ⅱ. the characteristics of english idioms and proverbs

a. the characteristics of english idioms

1. simple but rich

2. harmonious phonology

3. vivid metaphor

b. the characteristics of english proverb

1. concise and clear

2. symmetrical sentence pattern

3. rich and varied rhetoric

ⅲ. the translation of english idioms and proverbs

a. the theories of translation

1. literal translation

2. free translation

3. mechanical application of the synonym chinese proverb

4. literal translation and free translation

b. the points of translation

1. the literal translation of proverbs prohibited

2. the translation of proverbs to keep the original text style

3. the translation of proverbs to notice the national characteristic

4. the translation of proverbs to notice the artistic characteristic

ⅳ. conclusion

指导教师意见:

指导教师签名:

年 月 日

本科毕业论文任务书(精选7篇)

紧张又充实的大学生活即将结束,同学们毕业前都要通过最后的毕业论文,毕业论文是一种有准备、有计划的检验学生学习成果的形式,如何把毕业论文做到重点突出呢?以下是我为大家整理的本科毕业论文任务书,欢迎大家分享。

毕业设计(论文)题目: 网吧营销初探

毕业设计(论文)工作内容与基本要求(目标、任务、途径、方法,应掌握的原始资料(数据)、参考资料(文献)以及设计技术要求、注意事项等)(纸张不够可加页)

目标:

通过对毕业论文的写作学会综合应用所学的理论知识,特别是“网吧营销”中有关管理方面的理论,结合收集和利用相关资料,分析当前网吧激烈的市场竞争,特别是本地网吧同行挑战所形成的态势,分析出优势和劣势,找到解决问题的办法,供有关单位参考。要通过毕业论文体现专业知识学习运用的水平、创新精神和实践能力。

任务:

1、根据论文题目和任务书要求完成“开题报告”;

2、广泛收集、学习、利用文献资料,在导师的指导下构建论文框架;

3、认真进行社会实践,通过网吧管理案例充实论文内容,增强说服力;

4、按要求,定期与导师沟通,在导师指导下完成论文;

6、按规定格式打印论文,并准备论文答辩。

途径、方法:

查阅相关资料,进行社会调研,通过个人思考和导师指导、创新网络化管理运用的思路和方法,为改善、提高企业管理水平提供借鉴。

进度安排、阶段成果:

1、20xx年12月xx日—20xx年1月13日,选定题目并向导师领取“任务书”;

2、20xx年2月21日—3月2日,提交开题报告;

3、20xx年2月25日—5月21日,撰写毕业论文;

4、20xx年5月22日—5月24日,论文答辩;

应掌握的原始资料:

1、及时填写“教学日志”;

2、大学阶段关于管理学原理、市场调查与预测基础知识以及营销策划方面的理论知识,尤其是管理学方面的理论知识;

3、进行社会实践,对郑州市网吧的经营现状进行市场调研;

4、收集网吧管理运用的典型案例。

1、论文的主要任务及目标

(本部分能够说明本论文要解决什么问题,得出什么结论即可)

近年来,随着经济的发展与社会的进步,单亲家庭这一特殊群体的数量在逐年增长,而由此产生的一系列问题,无论是对社会还是对家庭都产生了巨大的影响。因此,本文通过调查和研究,来分析单亲家庭的现状和主要问题,然后针对这些情况通过借鉴发达国家的政策,来提出自己的一些建议和意见,希望能对改善单亲家庭生活情况和提高他们的生活质量起到一定的促进作用。

2、设计(论文)的基本要求

论文撰写应在指导教师指导下独立完成,并以马克思主义理论为指导,符合党和国家的有关方针、政策;论文应做到中心突出,层次清楚,结构合理;必须观点正确,论据充分,条理清楚,文字通顺;并能进行深入分析,见解独到。同时论文字数不得少于8000字,还要有300字左右的论文摘要,关键词3~5个(按词条外延层次,由高至低顺序排列)。最后附上参考文献目录和致谢辞。

3、设计(论文)的主要内容

以下以《浅析北京社区户外媒体的现状与发展趋势》一文为例说明:

全文拟分五个部分来研究北京社区户外媒体的现状与发展趋势:其中第一部分将阐述研究社区户外媒体的意义:社会经济及科学技术的发展带动户外媒体的高速发展,但社区户外媒体没有充分发挥出它的宣传及服务功能。

第二部分将综述北京社区户外媒体的特点及现状,让人们对北京社区户外媒体的现状有所了解。第三部分将对制约北京社区户外媒体发展的因素进行分析,拟从社区户外媒体所受到的各方面制约来进行探讨。

第四部分将是本文的重点部分:根据现在的社会经济及科技水平的发展对社区户外媒体的发展趋势进行预测,并将重点介绍数十种会在社区大量普及的新型媒体及其所采用的新技术。

第五部分将得出本文的结论:将通过预测互联网、无线通信和数字视频技术的发展,从而得出未来社区户外新媒体与其它媒体将相互溶合为一个整体,成为真正的多媒体,并最终支持新兴虚拟系统的视、触觉控制技术。

4、主要参考文献

[1]〔加〕埃里克 麦克卢汉.麦克卢汉精粹[M].何道宽译.南京:南京大学出版社,2006:311-315.

[2]陈培爱 覃胜南.广告媒体教程[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2005:156-160.

[3]〔美〕约翰 帕夫利克.新媒体技术——文化和商业前景[M].周勇 张平锋 景刚译.北京:清华大学出版社,2005:329-331.

[4]特里 K.甘布尔 迫克尔 甘布尔.有效传播[M].熊婷婷译.北京:清华大学出版社, 2005:442.

[5]蒋宏 徐剑.新媒体导论[M].上海:上海交通大学出版社,2006:89.

[6]曾小彤.国际广告[J].渠道的盛宴——2007户外传媒市场的细致盘点,2008,2(194):116.

[7]林旭峰.国际广告[J].瞻前顾后:谈谈2006~2007年的户外广告,2007,4(184

[8] H. Morris,. Kuratko. Corporate Entrepreneurship:Entrepreneurship Development within organization. New York, HarcourtPress,2001

[9] Antoncic B ,Hisrich RD. Intrapreneurship :construct refinement and cross cultural validation[J ] . Journal of Business Venturing ,2001 ,16(5)

5、进度安排

设计(论文)各阶段名称

起止日期

1、确定具体选题

2、撰写、提交开题报告,参加论文开题

3、准备资料、撰写修改论文

4、论文定搞、打印装订及答辩准备

5、论文答辩

一、主要任务与目标:

本文的主要任务与目标是根据沃尔玛的经验,旨在研究如何解决我国的连锁零售业目前存在的供应商与零售企业不良冲突,建立和谐的长期的合作关系,进而实现我国连锁零售业能够有所突破,使其发展壮大,做大做强,走向世界。

希望通过本次毕业论文,能综合运用所学知识,根据论文写作方向,能独立查找、分析和翻译外文资料;根据国内外的研究和应用现状,能独立地提出问题、分析问题和解决问题。

二、主要内容与基本要求:

本文研究的是供应链管理在我国连锁零售业企业中的运用探析,先介绍供应链的基本理论,本文侧重于研究供应商关系管理,并结合沃尔玛在中国零售市场中的供应链实践活动。本文基本要求贴近实际生活,最后所提出的建议也具有一定的可取性。

论文写作中的基本要求:

1、根据论文研究方向,独立进行文献查找和分析文献资料;

2、能够独立查找、翻译和分析外文资料;

3、参考国内外研究现状和成果,独立分析、写作、完成完整的毕业论文。

三、计划进度:

确定论文题目、收集资料、准备开题报告

完成开题报告

准备文献综述、英文翻译

完成英文翻译

整理资料,准备文献综述及正文

完成文献综述及正文

提交论文初稿

提交论文修改稿

完成论文全文

一、主要任务与目标:

本设计的选题缙云县邮政生产用房结构设计,框架结构,地上5层,局部6层。本次毕业设计应独立完成大楼的结构设计。计算书部分的完成以手算为主,PKPM校核为辅,校核部分应包括内力计算结果、梁板柱配筋计算结果等基本内容。通过两次计算结果的相互校核,获得最终计算结果,并绘制AUTOCAD结构施工图,以WORD文档形式或者手写文本作为设计计算书。

二、主要内容与基本要求:

(一)主要内容

每人至少须独立完成8张A2或A1规格的结构施工图及完整的结构设计计算书(小组内每个同学所计算的框架、连续梁、基础、板不同)。

1、结构设计总说明

2、桩及基础平面布置图、承台详图。

3、结构平面图。

4、结构构件(雨蓬、檐沟、构架、阳台、扶手板等)及连梁、板配筋详图。

5、楼梯配筋详图。

(二)设计要求

1、结构形式:钢筋混凝土框架结构。

2、基础:桩基

3、抗震设防烈度及荷载:六度(按构造设防),楼面荷载按荷载规范取。

4、砖砌体:地面以上采用水泥多孔砖,地面以下采用水泥实心砖。

5、计算书:要求做成文本(正规装订,A4规格),内容主要包括:确定框架计算简图、荷载取值、内力计算与组合、框架梁柱截面计算,基础桩及承台计算,以及楼屋面梁板断面计算,楼梯配筋计算及其它结构构件(雨蓬、檐沟等)的配筋计算。

6、以上计算书部分的完成以手算为主,PKPM校核为辅,校核部分应包括内力计算结果、梁板柱配筋计算结果等基本内容。

计算书思路清晰,条理分明,步骤强略得当,计算正确,文字叙述流畅,成图完整,标识明确。计算书应包括了摘要、目录、正文、致谢、参考文献等等部分。

三、计划进度:

整个设计从2021年3月20日开始到2021年6月8日,共x周。

第一周:写任务书及开题报告;

第二周:楼、屋面板的梁板平面布置和荷载计算;

第三周:楼、屋面板的梁板内力及配筋计算与绘图;

第四周:框架荷载计算

第五周:框架内力、配筋计算;

第六周:框架配筋及施工图;

第七周:PKPM校核;

第八周:基础配筋计算、承台配筋计算。

第九周:绘桩基平面布置图、承台配筋图;

第十周:连梁的计算与绘图;

第十一周:楼梯的计算与绘图;

第十二周:雨蓬、檐沟等节点详图计算与绘图;

第十三周:设计总说明;

第十四周:整理计算书。

第十五周:打印计算书、出图,准备答辩。

拟定题目 :中文题目 浅谈英文电影片名的误译及对策

英文题目 :a brief analysis of mistranslation of titles for english films and countermeasures

题目来源 :□教师科研项目 □教师指定 √学生自拟 □其他

基本任务:

与要求论文主题是英文电影片名的误译以及对误译提出的对策,研究方向是翻译方向。

要求学生通过对英文电影片名特点、作用的分析,力图结合英文电影片名的翻译原则以及翻译方法,来研究英文电影片名的误译及对策。论文通过探讨引起误译的原因,具体以被误译的英文电影片名来讨论和研究误译的现象和对策。并综合国内外学者的研究提出英文电影片名翻译的原则和翻译方法,以减少误译的发生。

严格规范论文格式,严禁抄袭。拟解决主要问题及预期成果 论文从英文电影片名的误译着手,研究英文电影片名的'特点和功能,分析引起误译的原因,研究英文电影片名的翻译原则和方法,已到达减少英文电影片名误译和提升英文电影片名翻译水平的目的。

在规定时间内完成字数在3000到5000字以内的关于从翻译角度探讨英文电影片名误译与对策的论文。

阶段性主要工作的起止时间

1、准备工作 xx、10、13起 6、论文撰写 xx、1月起

2、选题 xx、10、30-11、15 7、完成初稿 xx、3、15

3、资料收集 xx、11、16-11、30 8、修改、定稿 xx、4、26

4、开题报告 xx、12、1-12、15 9、答辩 xx、5月下旬

5、论文大纲 xx、12、16-12、20 10、其他工作 xx、6月

学生完成论文最终时间: xx 年 4 月 26 日

学生接受任务时间: xx 年 11 月 16 日

主要内容:

根据所学电子商务的基本理论和基本方法,结合当今社会电子商务发展的特点,以及电子商务的国际化、网络化的发展方向,以此作为论文的研究方向,撰写论文。

基本要求:论文格式正确,符合要求;及时上交论文及相关材料

主要参考资料:

《电子商务概论》、《电子商务网络营销》、《市场营销》、《电子商务法规》、《电子商务网络建设》、《经济学基础》、《电子商务案例分析》、商务周刊、互联网等

完 成 期 限:20xx年

指导教师签名:

评审小组负责人签名:

毕业设计(论文)开题报告表

课题名称 中小企业电子商务网络营销策略研究

指导教师孟刚

学生姓名 张海锋 学号 200706015 专业 电子商务

根据指导老师给定范围自选题目。

二、设计目的:

电子商务作为一种新的商务模式及企业经营方法,对企业扩大经营、提高竞争力、改善供应链、培育新的经济增长点等都具有十分重要的作用。但就目前中小企业对电子商务的应用而言,仍存在诸如对电子商务认识不足、设施落后、执行不力、缺乏规划、全球化不足等问题,对此本文将予以探讨和研究。

三、设计思路:

根据上述目的,本文首先对中小企业开展电子商务模式的现状和特点进行分析,将电子商务模式分为网上商店/服务、网络经纪商、价值链服务商。其次从信息的横向价值链、纵向价值链和信息内容三个维度对上述电子商务模式进行了分析和比较,最后提出了当前中小企业开展电子商务模式的不足,并在分析价值链发展机制的基础上,引入知识价值链对电子商务模式的发展趋势作了探讨与研究。

四、任务完成的阶段内容及时间安排:

第二阶段:2009年11月21日----11月30日 撰写开题报告,提交并经指导老师审查。 第四阶段:2010年1月1日----1月20日 与指导老师沟通、修改论文。

第五阶段:2010年4月1日前定稿并提交正式毕业设计成果。

浅谈藏文编码国际标准的产生对西藏文化发展的影响

学生姓名

xxx

院系、专业

xxxx院

xxxx专业

指导教师

xxx

选题目的和意义:少数民族语言文字及其所承载的民族文化是中华民族大家庭文化的重要组成部分,同时又与世界民族文化有着千丝万缕的联系。面对各民族间政治、经济和文化交流日趋密切的社会发展现实,面对开放的世界,少数民族语言文字信息化,特别是跨境民族语言文字信息化对提高我国国际地位,扩大国际影响力有不可忽视的积极作用。少数民族语言信息化理论的研究、少数民族语言的资源与信息处理技术的开发和利用等工作,关系到少数民族语言政策的贯彻和落实,关系到少数民族语言文字的学习、使用和发展,关系到少数民族语言文字信息技术的科学化,关系到民族文化兴衰,促进各民族共同繁荣与发展,并涉及国家稳定与安全以及国际影响的重要社会问题。因此,加速少数民族语言文字信息化进程,具有重要的社会意义和科学意义。

本课题在国内外的研究状况及发展趋势:

从网络检索的资料看,藏文编码的国家标准和国际标准于20世纪90年代初开始正式启动实施。通过西藏自治区和国内相关研究机构和大专院校专家们精诚合作和艰辛努力,最终使藏文编码字符集国际标准成为我国少数民族文字中的第一个国际标准。藏文编码方案在传统藏文字素的`认知和计算机字符代码处理上做到了合理的继承和创新,体现了藏文应用开发的本土化和国际化的有机结合。藏文编码标准在各种藏文信息处理领域的正式启用,将带动藏语文在信息技术发展和国际化交流方面发挥更加广泛和积极的社会作用,推动藏语文的使用和发展上一个新的台阶,为少数民族地区的物质文明建设和精神文明建设服务。

主要研究内容:

藏文编码国际标准研制提案的研究制定工作主要涉及4个方面的内容;即字汇、字序、字符名称及相关规则的制定。字汇就是要确定收字的范围,字序就是要确定字符的编码及其位置,字符名称就是要给出每个字符标准的、明确的名称,相关规则就是要给出一系列用于技术实现的规则。

进度安排

2021-11-19——2021-11-22确定论文题目、填写任务书

2021-11-23——2021-11-30毕业设计(论文)任务书及进度表

2021-12-01——2021-12-20查找资料、写出论文大纲

2021-12-21——2022-03-31完成系统总体设计

2022-04-01——2022-04-15完善系统,并完成初稿

2022-04-16——2022-04-25第二次稿交给老师批阅。

2022-04-26——2022-05-03完成论文终稿交老师批阅

2022-05-04—2022-05-07申请答辩

2022-05-08—2022-05-12论文答辩

完成论文的条件、方法及措施:

1、收集大量资料。

2、刻苦钻研、勤于实践、勇于创新、经常向指导老师汇报情况,虚心听取指导老师的意见。

3、严格遵循科学研究规律、遵守科研道德。

4、认真完成设计报告。

指导教师意见及建议

签字:XXX

XXXX年XX月XX日

毕业论文(设计)领导小组审批意见:

签字:XXX

XXXX年XX月XX日

注:此表经学生填写,指导教师签署意见后,报院(系)毕业论文(设计)领导小组审批。此表作为毕业论文(设计)评分依据。

化妆品品名翻译论文开题报告

1.解读英语长句的翻译密码2.基于关联理论的对英汉、汉英翻译的本质探讨3.浅析大学英语中翻译能力的提高策略4.外贸买卖合同中从句的翻译

化妆品是双刃剑有专家说,化妆品其实是一把双刃剑,它在美丽皮肤的同时也在摧残着皮肤,因为化妆品终究是化学合成的,从长远来说对皮肤是有不良影响的,而且越是成分复杂的,皮肤越不适应。世界上大约有7000多种化学物质作为化妆品的原料,按不同的比例配合成各种各样的化妆品。目前市场出售的化妆品中就基本包括了油脂、表面活性剂(也叫乳化剂)、防腐杀菌剂、抗氧化剂、色素、香料等。某些特殊功用的化妆品还必须添加保湿剂、增粘剂、收敛剂、抗氧化助剂、漂白剂、紫外线吸收剂等,而这些原料大都是化学物质,有些能对人体产生急慢性危害。在不良化妆品中最常见的化学毒物为汞、铅、砷、甲醇及雌激素。而引起皮肤功能障碍的原料中最危险的是香料,其次为色素和防腐杀菌剂,它们被称为化妆品的“三害”,而市场上所有化妆品几乎都含有这三种成分。例如:双刃剑之美白产品:像果酸等各种酸性美白成分作用机理就是把皮肤表层的老死皮肤除去,第二层皮肤自然光洁白嫩,但长期对皮肤进行刺激,反而会引起黑色素的反跳,到了中老年,皮肤就会粗糙有斑点。而使用维生素C类的美白产品,虽然维生素C能抗氧化,但其本身有还原性,暴露在空气中会被氧化,被破坏。为了防止这点,现在往往采用维生素C的化合物,虽不容易被氧化,但美白效果没有维生素C好。 双刃剑之天然化妆产品:即使是天然化妆品,使用了天然植物,也还是要添加一些防腐剂等化学物质来保质的。况且,天然植物同样可能引起过敏。此外,如果化妆品不含防腐剂,在使用的过程中非常容易变质。一旦肌肤长期使用这些变质的天然化妆品,就会出现发炎、红肿等过敏现象。所以金教授觉得使用化妆品不要过度,尽量少用。一些强调不含防腐剂、香精、色素,纯天然物质制造的化妆品如今正大行其道,受到不少关心健康者的青睐。是不是使用天然化妆品,就能有效避免化学侵害了呢?化妆品引起的皮肤之痛 一层层涂抹,唯恐岁月早早留痕,殊不知在此后的数十年间,常常因为对本人情况和产品的不了解,反让自己的肌肤遭了大罪。 病症1.瘙痒型皮炎 是一种最常见的化妆品皮炎的类型,其症状是面部皮肤,尤其是两颊、额部突然发生一种瘙痒感、烧灼感或蚁爬感,但皮疹不明显。停止使用引起病变的化妆品,症状随之消失。重者可出现大片红斑、丘疹、斑丘疹、水疤,上下眼睑出现水肿,甚至睁眼都困难,局部可以剧痒、有烧灼感、发胀感,出现糜烂时可疼痛。 病症2.色素沉着皮炎 接触化妆品部位的皮肤出现片状或弥漫性淡褐色、深褐色或红褐色的色素沉着斑。起初,其边缘不十分明显,色泽也较浅,随着病情的反复发生和时间的推移,边缘变得清楚,色素也加深,部分色素可呈网状,或有交错的毛细血管扩张,有时皮肤干燥,可伴有脱屑。 病症3.化妆品光感性皮炎 用化妆品后,又经过光照而引起的皮肤炎症性改变。它是化妆品中的光感物质引起皮肤黏膜的光毒性反应或光变态反应。化妆品中的光感物质可见于防腐剂、染料、香料以及唇膏中的荧光物质等成分中,防晒化妆品中的遮光剂及其脂类化合物也有可能引起光感性皮炎。 病症4.化妆品痤疮 该病为使用化妆品引发的面部和颈部的一种炎性反应,往往表现为红肿、水疱及大疱,同时伴有某种程度的瘙痒及灼热感。发生化妆品斑疹的原因,一是使用人本身属过敏体质,当皮肤接触化妆品时,便会发生化妆品斑疹;二是化妆品变质,此乃导致皮肤过敏的重要原因。 减轻化妆品损害N招 1.要认真查看化妆品的标识和生产日期。它包括:产品性能、名称、使用方法、产品检验合格证、生产日期、有效使用期限、使用时的注意事项、生产厂家、生产许可证、特殊用途批准文号等。有了上述保证后,要选择离生产日期最近的。 2.要学会识别劣质化妆品。买化妆品时不仅要看外表,还要打开看看内容和化妆品品质优劣。如过期一般会有一些改变,如化妆品的颜色由原来的正常色变为黑色、黄色、褐色;化妆品表面出现异色和霉斑;化妆品变稀,表面出水等等。 3.使用前可先做皮肤斑贴试验。可以在洗脸后选择在耳朵后面、或者手背皮肤上和其他敏感处先试用一周,如果出现红斑、丘疹和水疱等,应该立即停止使用该化妆品。 4.化妆也要有“星期天”。得不到休息的皮肤受到的伤害更重,所以,应当给皮肤一定休息时间,如不外出时不要化妆,涂一点营养霜,养养皮肤是最好的。 5.不要在脸部使用多种化妆品,更不要同时使用三种以上的产品。 常见化妆品有害成分 钕:金属元素,是一种稀土金属。淡黄色,在空气中容易氧化,用来制合金和光学玻璃等。钕对眼睛和黏膜有很强的刺激性,对皮肤有中度刺激性,吸入还可导致肺栓塞和肝损害。 铬:金属元素,银灰色,质硬而脆,耐腐蚀。用来特制特种钢等,镀在别种金属上可以防锈。也叫克罗米。铬为皮肤变态反应原,可引起过敏性皮炎或湿疹,病程长,久而不愈。 汞:祛斑产品里含有的成分。人体汞蓄积多容易引起汞中毒,致使人失眠乏力、记忆力不好、情绪变化明显。 镉:口红里含有的成分。是致癌物之一,能伤害人的肝、肾和骨骼。 铅:口红里含有的成分。慢性铅中毒,会引起贫血,能伤害人的肝、肾、骨骼,引发神经衰弱、便秘、食欲不振等现象。 邻苯二:常见于指甲油中。干扰内分泌,使男性精子数量质量下降,严重的会导致睾丸癌,增加女性患乳腺癌的几率,还会危害到她们未来生育的男婴的生殖系统。 苏丹3号:口红等化妆品中。刺激皮肤,产生湿疹、花粉热、哮喘等过敏症;刺激眼睛、口腔、鼻腔和唇部黏膜导致发炎 增塑剂:常见于指甲油等。破坏人体荷尔蒙、影响生殖健康、甚至引发癌症。 小知识:测试化妆品是否过敏 用蒸馏水或生理盐水浸湿一块布,拧至一半干,并折叠为4层约1厘米见方大小,将化妆品涂在布的一面,然后敷在前臂内侧或背部正常皮肤上,再盖上不透气的玻璃纸或塑料薄膜,以胶布固定。经过24~48小时的观察,若试验部位无任何症状,则表明该化妆品对皮肤无刺激性,较为安全。如果测试处剧痒或灼痛,表明该化妆品对皮肤有刺激性,提示该化妆品绝对不可使用,应及时将试验物去掉,用清水冲洗。

你到百度查下 有很多 换一个方式去思考.如果他的离开是善意的,说句放开点的话就是,没有谁也可以照样活的更好,只要为爱的人祝福就行了,或许他离开你,他会找到更好的另一半.只要他幸福,那不是你心中所愿的么?因为你是爱他的.现在能做的,就是祝福!还有就是,随着时间的流逝,渐渐淡化它,那样对谁都好等待一个等待不起的等待不如不去等待...即使等待,也要先想清楚,是否会等到想要的结果~~~~既然那份感情已经不属于你,何必留恋那份不属于你的缘那~~

提供一些翻译方向的论文题目,供参考。商务合同英汉互译技巧英文品牌汉译知识对于翻译的重要性中英文化差异及其对英汉互译的消极影响英语广告中修辞手法的应用及其翻译<<红楼梦>>金陵判词两种译文的比较及评析从红楼梦诗词翻译看翻译中的文化补偿关于李后主“虞美人”的3种英译本的鉴赏跨文化交际与商标翻译中式菜肴的命名与翻译浅谈英语电影片名的翻译英文电影片名的翻译策略英文化妆品广告之美学翻译数字在中西文化中的内涵差异及数字习语翻译初探浅析原语文本在目标语文本中文体的适应性英语习用语翻译中的等效性研究论语境在英汉翻译中的作用浅析英语动画片翻译的基本原则中英服饰广告的翻译论英汉翻译中语篇连贯的重要性论译者的风格与译风经济英语中的隐喻及其翻译从翻译的美学角度浅析旅游资料的中英译

翻译论文开题报告

翻译硕士怎么写开题报告

开题报告主要说明这个课题应该进行研究,自己有条件进行研究以及准备如何开展研究等问题,也可以说是对课题的论证和设计。开题报告是提高选题质量和水平的重要环节。以下是我整理的翻译硕士怎么写开题报告,欢迎阅读。

1、选题意义和背景。

随着中国加入世界贸易组织,中国企业的对外联系也日益增多。中国企业要想打入国际市场,提高在国际市场上的知名度,企业网站或宣传册上的企业简介扮演着十分重要的地位。通过阅读企业宣传资料,读者可以看出企业外宣材料既有关于企业的基本信息介绍,也有企业所做的文字上、句法上、结构上的这染来达到推广企业、大市场的目的。汉语企业外宣材料的翻译在英译过程中会涉及到与目的语不同的语言习惯、行文方式以及文化因素、社会政治因素、心理因素和审美因素等,这就需要译者对原文本做出适当调整,从内容和形式上对语篇进行重构,以此实现对交际意图的顺应。根据赖斯的文本类型说,本文有三种类型,分别是“信息型”、“表达型”和“诱导型”.笔者认为,企业外宣翻译属于“信息型”和“诱导型”文本兼而有之,而且更侧重于“诱导型”.因此,外宣翻译要更加注重文本的交际功能,要更多的考虑如何使译文所传递的信息更便于目的语读者理解和接受,并让读者产生共鸣,继而付诸行动,实现译文预期的功能。

比利时语用学家维索尔伦(Verschuem)提出了顺应论,将语言的使用过程看做语言为顺应不同的交际目的和交际对象进行动态选择的过程。因而可以从顺应论的视角研究语言使用。翻译作为一种特殊的交际方式,也可以从顺应论的视角对其进行研究。优秀的企业宣传材料不仅会提高企业的知名度,还会为企业带来不可估量的经济效益,因此任何一个想打入国际市场的企业务必在其外宣材料的翻译上做足功夫。由于中西方文化背景、历史渊源、生活环境的不同,译者在翻译企业外宣材料时为了获取目的语读者的认可并激发他们付诸行动,就要顺应目的语读者的阅读习惯、审美习惯以及心理因素、文化因素等对原文做出形式上和内容上的调整,而这一顺应的过程也是语篇重构的过程。本文突破性的将顺应论与语篇重构结合起来,并结合西麦克展览公司宣传材料和海天调味食品股份有限公司宣传材料及其翻译,试图从顺应论的视角分析企业外宣翻译中的语篇重构现象。

2、论文综述/研究基础。

1987年维索尔伦(Verschueren)提出顺应论之后,在语用学界引起了很大反响,不久国内学者就将其引进到中国来。国内学者不仅从理论层面对顺应论进行研究和探索,而且将顺应论应用到翻译理论和实践、外语教学、二语习得、文化传播等领域。在这些领域中,成果最大的当属顺应论对翻译理论和其应用的研究。我国真正将顺应论引入翻译研究开始于21世纪初。

1 国外顺应论研究状况。

比利时语用学家维索尔伦(Verschueren)在《IprA工作文集》(IprA WorkingDocument 1) (1987, 45-48)中发表了一篇名为《作为顺应论的语用学》,标志着顺应论的提出。1995年,他较为详细并系统地在他主编出版的第一本《语用学手册》(handbook of Pragmatics)中对顺应论进行了进一步阐述。他认为,语言的使用过程就是语言为顺应不同的交际目的和交际对象进行动态地选择的过程。他将语用学描述为关于语言整体的、功能性综观,并将语用学定义为语言和交际在认知、社会与文化方面的研究。1998年,阿萨卡瑟(AsaKasher)主编的《语用学的关键概念》Pragmatics;: Critical Concepts)论文集中,维索尔伦发表了一篇名为《交际动态过程的语用模式》(v4 Pragmatic model for the dynamatics of communication )的文章,主要研究了顺应论中顺应的动态性。1999年,在他的专着《语用学新解》(Understaning Pragmatics)中,维索尔伦强调了语用学的地位和作用,这本书的出现标志着顺应论走向成熟。该书主张把语用学当作一种研究视角,突破了以往学者将语用学看作语言学的一个核心分支(语音学、音位学、形态学、句法学、语义学)的看法,而认为语用学是一种语言功能的视角或纵观,贯穿于语言学研究和使用的方方面面,可以照应到语言的各个层次。运用这一视角,可以研究不同的语言材料。这是一种研究方法上的革命,可以为语言的不同层面进行语用分析,也为语用学的学科性质进行了重新定位。

2 国内顺应论研究状况。

钱冠连是国内第一位将顺应论引入中国进行研究的学者。在他发表在《外语教学与研究》上的《语用学:语言适应理论----Verschueren语用学新论评述》(1991,62-66)的文章中,将维索尔伦对语言适应包括五个方面,即适应的对象、层次、阶段、领悟程度和适应策略进行了分析,并且就语言适应、选择和语言功能综观三者的关系进行了探讨,认真分析对比了维索尔伦的语用学新论和以往的语用学的区别。他还在《外语教学与研究》上发表了一篇《语用学:统一连贯的理论框架〈如何理解语用学〉述评》(2000,230-232),该文章首先解释了语用学综观论的理论源头。维索尔伦从Morris的理论中得出了任何规则里都有语用成分,也能从不同的语言成分中审视到语用视角。其建设性意义体现在将语用学从语言学的并列学科出分割出来,使其不再属于语言资源的语言学,而是加入到语言使用的语言学去,作为是一种语言综观和视角来研究和使用,这不仅仅可以解决语用学问题,还为今后人们从语用学角度解释其他问题提供了一种新的视角。

国内除钱冠连外,2007年何自然主编的《语用三论:关联论顺应论模因论》一书也对维索尔伦的顺应论进行了详细介绍和评述。和以往语言学及语用学着作不同的是,该书紧紧把握住语用学研究与发展的方向,集语用学的三个前沿理论(关联论、顺应论、模因论)为一体来向国内读者进行西方翻译理论的介绍。

关于顺应论的部分,该书介绍了顺应论的理论来源、顺应论的三个核心概念、顺应论的视角观、顺应论的分析维度、顺应论的应用等。本书中理论与实例有效结合,为读者展现了顺应论的完整框架及其应用。该书指出,顺应论是宏观语用学的核心,顺应论为我们提供了一个研究和探讨语用学的全新视角。谭晓晨发表在《外语与外语教学》上的《语境的动态研究一--维索尔伦的语境适应论评介》(2000, 50-52)中介绍了维索尔伦的语境适应论,探讨了语言和语境互为构建的动态关系,指出动态生成的语境观是对传统语境研究及时而必要的补充。孙炬发表在《山东大学学报》上的《维索尔伦顺应论的语言哲学观》(2007,51-55)从语言哲学的立场阐释了维索尔伦的顺应论。语言的使用是哲学立场的反映,纵观维索尔伦的语用思想,折射出体现在意义观、心理认知观和语境观三个方面的语言哲学。此外,刘正光、吴志高从哲学、心理学以及语言学的角度论述了顺应论的理论基础,除了对语言顺应论做出肯定,他们还指出“将‘顺应’看成一把万能的朗匙,以解释所有的语言运用,有运用过度之嫌”(李元胜,2007:124)。

中国学者不仅专门对顺应论进行研究,还将其与其他理论结合或者将顺应论应用到不同的领域。在利用顺应论对其他问题进行研究的过程中,顺应论对翻译的研究占据多数。

从理论研究的角度来看,有的学者侧重于顺应论对翻译理论研究的启示,戈玲玲在发表在《外语学刊》上的《顺应论对翻译研究的启示----兼论语用翻译标准》(2000,7-11) -文中,为我们展现了语用翻译理论的发展历程,它超越了以往语言学研究的框架,将翻译看作是一种动态的信息交流活动。文章还指出,根据顺应论,语言和语境之间的顺应是一个相互的过程,两者可以相互影响,同样,翻译作为语言转换的过程,也会涉及到原语和目的语之间的相互顺应,这种顺应应该以满了交际双方的需要为目的,对交际语境、语言的选择和语言结构做出改变。

有的学者从顺应论的角度分析翻译策略和方法,王建国发表于《外语研究》上的《从语用顺应论的角度看翻译策略与方法》(2005,55-59) -文中,针对国内外翻译界对翻译方法和翻译策略的争论,他指出直译、意译、归化、异化只是翻译方法,而不是翻译策略,动态顺应才是翻译策略。同时,他还指出翻译的过程和结果是动态顺应的过程和结果。

顺应论在与翻译结合的过程中,学者们除了从翻译理论研究的角度分析和阐释顺应论对翻译研究的意义外,还将顺应论应用到具体的翻译实践中去,比如文学作品译作分析、应用文本译作分析,同时还有学者将顺应论与语用策略研究、外语教学研究、跨文化交际等方面联系起来。

叶苗在其着作《应用翻译语用观》COn Pragmatics Translation from theperspective of Pragmatics)中,首先对应用翻译进行了定位,然后从语用学的角度研究应用翻译。同时她主张以顺应论为基础来讨论和解释异化,并以《选美中国》为例,结合应用翻译中“异化”和“归化”之争,提出了在对具有中国文化特色的应用文本翻译时,译者可以采取异化策略,担负起传播中国文化的使命,扩大目的语读者的'文化语境、认知语境,激发他们对中国文化和传统的兴趣和探索,增强我国软实力。

纵观国内顺应论的研究现状以及顺应论与翻译结合的研究现状,可以看出在顺应论对翻译的结合方面,研究者几乎都是从文学翻译、应用文翻译的角度进行研究,而且很多研究还是局限于维索尔伦顺应论的推介和重申,缺乏创新点,并且对理论的适用范围没有做出明确规定,导致了顺应论在很多领域的误用和滥用。

3、参考文献。

Reiss, Katharina. Translation Criticism, The Potential &上海外语教育出版社,2004.

Verschueren, Jef. Understanding Pragmatics. Beijing: Foreign LanguageTeaching and Research Press. 2000.

戈玲玲。《顺应论对翻译研究的启示--兼论语用翻译标准》[J].黑龙江,外语学刊。2002 (3) :7-11.

公海燕《顺应论视角下广告翻译研究》。2012.

何自然。Pragmatics and CE/EC Translation [J].北京‘外语教学。1992 (1) ; 19-25.

何自然。《语用三论:关联论顺应论模因论》M.上海,上海教育出版社。2007.

何自然,冉永平。《语用学概论》[M].长沙,湖南教育出版社。2002.

胡芳毅,贾占波。《外宣翻译:意识形态操纵下的改写》[J] ?上海,上海翻译。2010⑴:23-28.

蒋澄生,廖定中。《语用学需要“顺应”潮流--顺应论的几个关键概念述评》[J].广州,广东工业大学学报。2005 (1) : 68-71.

贾文波。《应用翻译功能论(第二版)》[M].北京,中国出版集团公司。2012.

李明。《商务英语翻译(汉译英)》[M]?北京,高等教育出版社。2007.

李元胜《顺应论在中国的研究综述》[J].成都,成都大学学报 2007⑶:123-126.

刘恩祥,刘颖,李哲。《论语言顺应的动态性一基于广告语言的分析》[J].佛山,佛山科学技术学院学报(社会科学版)》。2011 (1) :70-73.

卢立程《企业对外宣传材料翻译中的语篇重构》[J].肇庆,肇庆学院学报。2007⑶:53-56.

钱冠连。《语用学:统一连贯的理论框架--J. Verschueren〈如何理解语用学〉述评》[J].北京,外语教学与研究。2000(3) :230-232.

钱冠连。《语用学:语言适应理论一“Verschueren语用学新论评述》[J] ?北京,外语教学与研究。1991(1):61-66.

孙炬。《维索尔伦顺应论的语言哲学观》[J].济南,山东大学学报(哲学社会科学版)。2007 (6) :51-55.

潭晓晨。《语境的动态研究-维索尔伦的语境适应论评介》[J].北京,外语与外语教学。2002 (6):50-52.

王建国。《从语用顺应论的角度看翻译策略与方法》[J].南京,外语研究。2005(4) :55-59.

叶丽萍《顺应论在企业简介汉英翻译中的应用》。2012,叶苗。《应用翻译语用观研究》M.上海,上海交通大学出版社。2009.

张运桥,严敏芬。《语用三观:关联论、顺应论、模因论评介》[J].广州,外语艺术教育研究。2009(3) :36-38.

4、论文提纲。

1 引言

2 文献综述

国外顺应论研究状况

国内顺应论研究状况

3 顺应论简介

顺应论的三个核心概念

变异

商讨性

顺应

顺应论的两个分析维度

语境因素的顺应

语言结构顺应

顺应论在翻译中的应用

4 从顺应论的视角看企业外宣翻译中的语篇重构

企业外宣翻译的文本和语言特点

语篇重构的概念

从顺应论的视角看形式的语篇重构

语篇衔接和连贯方式与形式的语篇重构

语言风格与形式的语篇重构

从顺应论的视角看内容的语篇重构

心理世界与内容的语篇重构

文化现象与内容的语篇重构

社会规范和政治制度与内容的语篇重构

5 结论

5、论文的理论依据、研究方法、研究内容。

本论文选取了两篇企业外宣材料,分别是《西麦克展览公司简介》和《海天味业网站宣传资料》,并由本人对其进行翻译。根据翻译过程中出现的问题,并结合顺应论的相关分析维度和语篇重构的两大类型,分析译者为顺应目的语读者的语言习惯、文化背景、社会规约和心理因素等所做出的调整。

6、研究条件和可能存在的问题。

本文以顺应论为基础,结合语篇重构的概念,分析了西麦克展览公司宣传材料和海天调味食品股份有限公司宣传材料英译过程中的语篇重构现象。企业外宣材料不仅仅涉及到基本信息传达,而且涉及到企业文化、价值观念、影晌力的传递。因此企业外宣翻译不是简单机械地表达和传递信息,还要从目的语读者的角度对原文作出调整,使目的语读者在阅读外宣材料时被其所传递的企业信息所吸引,继而激发他们采取行动。因此,译者为了符合目的语读者的阅读习惯、审美习惯、思维方式、文化背景要对原文进行内容上和形式上的语篇重构。包括语篇衔接与连贯方式的顺应、语言风格的顺应、心理世界的顺应、文化现象的顺应以及社会规范和政治制度的顺应。同时译者为了达到以上这些顺应的目的,选择顺应的过程中也包含了对原文从词语、句子结构、篇章衔接以及内容上进行重构。

对于企业的外宣翻译,只有设身处地地从目的语读者的角度去思考和翻译,巧妙地对原文进行语篇重构来顺应目的语读者的语言和文化,才能激发读者付诸行动,为企业的形象宣传和经济发展带来实实在在的好处。

7、预期的结果。

企业外宣翻译要通过对原文进行语篇重构来顺应目的语社会的语言语境、心理世界、社交世界、文化世界等,才能更好地实现外宣翻译的交际功能,达到良好外宣效果。

A Contrastive Study between English and Chinese Idioms(题目:二号,黑体,加粗,居中,除了英语小词外,其他单词首字母都要大写;另外:除了题目外,论文中所有英文的字体均采用“Times New Roman”)(学院、专业、学号、作者姓名、指导教师姓名(小四号宋体字,加粗),依次排印在论文题目下,上空二行,居中)【Abstract】 This paper centers on the different expressions of …… (英文摘要:上空二行;题目采用五号“Times New Roman”字体,加粗,置于粗体方括号【】内,顶格放置;随后的内容与前面的粗体方括号【】之间空一格,不用其他任何标点符号;采用五号“Times New Roman”字体,不加粗;单倍行距。)【Key Words】 idiom; comparison; English; Chinese (英文关键词:题目采用五号“Times New Roman”字体,加粗,两个单词的首字母要大写,置于粗体方括号【】内,顶格放置;随后的内容与前面的粗体方括号【】之间空一格,不用任何其他标点符号,采用五号“Times New Roman”字体,不加粗,除了专有名词外,其他单词的首字母不大写,各单词之间用分号“;”隔开,分号之后空一格;最后一个关键词之后不用任何标点符号;单倍行距。)1. Introduction (顶格,除了第一个单词及专有名词外,其他单词首字母都不要大写;标题最后不用任何标点符号,上空两行)In both English and Chinese, …. So, this essay is trying to focus on the differences between Chinese and English idoms in terms of their essential meaning, customary usage and typical expression (Chang Liang, 1993:44; Li Guangling, 1999). (段落第一行缩进4个英文字符;夹注的标注法:出现在夹注中的作者必须与文后的参考文献形成一一对应关系;注意一个或多个作者间的标点符号,时间、页码等的标注法;另外,汉语参考文献的作者要以拼音形式出现,不能出现汉语姓氏;夹注出现在标点符号之前)2. The similarities between English idioms and Chinese idioms In English, …. And it can be clearly seen in the below examples:(1) I don’t know。我不知道。 (2) I am not a poet. 我不是诗人。 (正文中的例子以(1),(2)…为序号排列,直至最后一个例子;而①, ②…则为脚注或尾注的上标序号)3. The differences between English idioms and Chinese The characteristics of English idioms(正文章节序号编制:章的编号:1. ,2., 3.,…;节的编号:…,…;小节的编号为:, …。小节以下层次,采用希腊数字加括号为序,如(i),(ii)…;之后再采用字母加括号,如(a), (b),…;每章题目左顶格,小四号字,加粗;每节(及小节以下)题目左顶格,小四号字,不加粗但要斜体;所有章节的题目都单独一行,最后不加任何标点符号)….In conclusion, …. The characteristics of Chinese idioms….Feng (1998) found some problems as shown in the following examples (注意此句中夹注的另一种写法):(9) We never know the worth of water till the well is dry.(10) People take no thought of the value of time until they lose it.…. The analysis of the differences between English and Chinese idioms… (i) ….….(ii) ….…. 4. Conclusion….Bibliography (References) (小四号,加粗,后面不加任何标点符号) Sanved, ed. The Oxford book of American literary anecdotes[C]. New York: OUP, 1981.常亮,“关于英语的偏离否定”[J] 。《外国语文》,1993,4:44。 冯树健,“否定之否定新说”[J] 。《英语辅导》,1998,6:11。 李光陵,“不完全否定浅析” [J] 。《大学英语》,2000,30:30。 (论文最后的参考文献中所有文献的排列顺序:尾注:按照编号顺序。夹注:英文文献----网络文献----汉语文献,各个文献的先后以作者的姓氏字母或拼音为序,不用单独加序号或编号;每个参考文献的第二行起必须缩进4个英文字符;倍行距;另外,与文中的夹注一一对应;不同类型的参考文献写法请参照写作指南中附件2的内容)

相关百科
热门百科
首页
发表服务