商英毕业论文怎么写

商科论文写作通常可以遵循以下步骤：

1、定义主题

撰写商科论文的第一步是定义主题。了解论文的主要目的是什么(教育、宣传、推广)以及针对谁。这一步至关重要，因为它为整篇论文奠定了基础。

2、创建大纲

大纲在撰写商科论文时至关重要。要想论文讲得通，唯一的途径就是整合逻辑。首先创建一个简单的草图，描述论文整体的框架，包括各个部分应该写什么内容。这会防止同学在实际写作时偏离要点。

3、广泛研究

这是撰写论文时收集所有必要信息的部分。遵循之前创建的大纲，以避免浪费时间。充分利用所有可用的资源，例如：书籍、网络、采访等，只收集相关和必要的信息即可。这部分将构成论文的主体，所以同学需要获得充分的信息。

4、撰写初稿

有了详细的大纲和相关的材料支撑，这一步应该很容易。初稿很少是完美的，但通常需要耗费大量时间。有几个最重要的部分需要同学留意：

5、校对修改

千万不要直接提交初稿，因为很有可能里面全是错误。同学要消除所有的语法和结构错误。尽可能地浓缩观点，并通过修改论点来突出要点。

因为商务英语是以适应职场生活的语言要求为目的，不只是简单地英文水平、能力的提高，它更多地是一种西方的企业管理理念、工作心理，甚至是如何和外国人打交道，如何和他们合作、工作的方式方法，以及他们的生活习惯等，从某种程度上说是包含在文化概念里的。所以题目的确定能使毕业论文方向明确，论文的题目要具有实践性、现实性；要把握其专业领域中最新的发展动态，根据专业培养的目标，结合其特点以及收集的资料、素材，反复推敲后，审定难度适宜的论文题目，否者，就易发生选题陈旧、单调，甚至于出现偏题的问题。在资料收集与研究整理则需要充分利用网络来快捷方便地查找最新、最全面的信息，这样既使自己从事研究的课题有一个全方位的了解，又使得所搜集的资料比较全面，尤其是能够掌握课题领域里最新、最完整的研究动向和研究成果。此外必须根据所选课题对所收集的资料进行充分、透彻的研究，进行去伪存真、去粗取精、由此及彼、由表及里、分门别类的整理，资料的阅读、整理、分析、综合过程实际上就是提炼和深化主题、明确论点的过程，此过程关系到论文质量的高低，对于论文的写作是十分重要的，这也是论文写作要下大力重点抓的环节。写商务英语最好的方法是找个老师进行一对一辅导，所得到的效果是最明显的。我建议你到奥威斯发展大厦的29层进行系统的学习，那里的专业老师可以对你进行详细的答疑。

商务英语毕业论文写翻译、信函都可以的。开始也不了解，也是上届的学长给介绍的莫文网，非常有帮助商务英语中的隐喻及其翻译高校机辅商务英语写作教学系统的研发关于商务英语学科核心竞争力的理论探讨语用原则在商务英语信函写作中的运用商务英语的词汇特征及其翻译经济一体化环境下的商务英语翻译教学商务英语的教学研究对国际商务英语学科发展的探讨以就业为导向商务英语专业实践教学体系的构建——以江苏城市职业学院为例创新高职商务英语人才培养模式计算机网络与商务英语教学整合模式探讨商务英语特色浅论翻译美学视角下的商务英语文本翻译研究“商务英语”专业的现状与发展内容教学法(CBI)与复合型外语专业教学——以商务英语教学模式为例独立学院商务英语专业课程设置现状及对策研究——以四川外语学院重庆南方翻译学院为例商务英语词汇特点及其汉译从功能对等角度看商务英语翻译商务英语教学与商务文化意识的培养多媒体自主学习模式在商务英语教学中的实践探索论商务英语语言学的理论体系现代商务英语的界定和内涵浅谈经济全球化背景下的商务英语高职商务英语实训教学存在的问题及思考项目学习法在高职商务英语写作教学中的运用商务英语专业课程设置调查——以西南财经大学为例商务英语课程设计中的英语本科生需求分析商务英语翻译原则探讨商务英语中的文化因素及其翻译策略生态学视域下的商务英语专业课程体系的构建

商务英语毕业论文提纲怎么写

英语专业论文提纲范文

英语专业论文提纲怎么写呢?随着社会的发展，英语在人们生活中的比重逐渐加大，成为运用非常广泛的语言。下面是我分享的英语专业论文提纲的范文，欢迎阅读!

Idiom Translation under the Chinese and English Cultures

Class XXX Number XXX Name XXX

Abstract: Nida, a famous translator, says, "For truly successful translation, it is much more important to familiarize two cultures than master two languages, because words are assigned meanings in its particular cultures."(Background information) This is to say, translation is closely related with not only languages but also cultures. Studies of the cultural distinction in idiom translation are still relatively weak in the field of translation in China. Exclusive research on the translation of Chinese and English idioms is still incomplete. In the last twenty years, idiom translation has mostly emphasized the level of inter-lingual communication, but cultural differences were rarely involved in it.(Identify problem) This thesis analyses the cultural differences in Chinese and English idioms, then studies English-ChineseChinese-English idiom translation methods(Research subject) from the angle of culture(Method) and points out some warnings concerning idiom translation: pay attention to context and choose the right version in line with the style and meaning of the original passage(Results); culture is a whole way of life, when new culture emerges, new idioms also appear, therefore idiom translation should develop with the time.(Conclusion)

Key Words: idioms; culture; translation

论英汉文化背景下的习语翻译

摘要: 著名翻译学家奈达指出:“对于真正成功的翻译而言，熟悉两种文化甚至比掌握两种语言更为重要，

因为词语只有在其作用的文化背景下才有意义。”也就是说，翻译不仅与语言有关也和文化有关。习语翻译中对文化差异的研究在中国的翻译领域中仍然较弱，专门对中英习语翻译的研究还不很完善。近20年来，习语翻译大多强调语际的'交流，而很少涉及文化差异。本文通过分析中英习语的文化差异，进而从文化角度研究中英习语翻译方法，并指出中英习语翻译要注意的问题:联系上下文，选择与原文风格，意思相符的翻译;文化是一种生活方式，文化在变化，出现新的习语，习语翻译要与时俱进。

关键词：习语;文化;翻译

1. Introduction

Idioms universally exist in every language. An Idiom is a word or an expression

that cannot be literally translated from the source language into the target language because its idiomatic meaning cannot be understood by literally defining its component parts.(Background) In a broad sense, idioms contain set phrases, proverbs, colloquialisms, slangs, maxims, allusions, etc. (YinLi, 2007:9) In Chinese, they also include enigmatic folk similes. Newmark, a British translation theorist, in his work A Textbook of Translation, said, "I define as culture the way of life and his manifestation that are peculiar to a community that uses a peculiar language as its means of expression. "(Previous research) English Idioms derives from English cultures and daily life. In real context, idioms explain themselves: nine times out of ten they carry their own explanations. If we are unaware of these, we will find ourselves in a state of confusion since we will assign literal meaning to them. The Chinese Idioms, especially the four-character idioms, have their own unique origins which are closely correlative to the Chinese history and cultures. In view of the difficulties in understanding idioms, we should pay due attention and efforts to understand their cultures and customs. This thesis is designed to dig into the cultural differences between Chinese and English and then elaborates on the translation theories applied to idioms. (Subject + Method)

2. A Comparison Between English and Chinese Idioms

The Cultural Differences Between English and Chinese Idioms Geographical Conditions

The formation of culture is closely related with natural geographical conditions. A specific geographical environment produces a specific culture, which also leads to a particular expression.

Great Britain covers islands including the Northern one-sixth of the island of

Ireland between the North Atlantic Ocean and the North Sea, northwest of France. It has a moist climate with much rainfall. Rivers and lakes are numerous. No wonder that fishery is thriving and most important in Britain. Accordingly, idioms concerning fish and navigation constitute a great part in English idioms. (LiYuping, 2008:20)(Theory/Results of previous research)

For example, "like a fish out of water". If you feel like fish out of water, you feel awkward and uncomfortable because you are in an unusual and unfamiliar situation. Fish in the air 缘木求鱼 An odd fish 怪人 Miss the boat 错过机会

Trim the sails to the wind 顺势前进

A small leak will sink a great ship 小洞不补要沉大船 (Examples)

On the other hand, China is located in the Asian Continent and reputed as an agricultural country with a large population of peasants. It is not surprising to find many idioms relevant to farming, such as "骨瘦如柴，对牛弹琴, 众人拾柴火焰高,竹篮打水一场空......" Chinese people also have a mysterious and awe feeling for sea, so they have idioms like "海角天涯，海枯石烂，海阔天空，海底捞针，海市蜃楼......". (Analysis)

History

The Similarities Between English and Chinese Idioms

Colours

Numbers

3. Methods of Idiom Translation

Translation is far more than a science. It is also a skill, and at the ultimate analysis, fully satisfactory translation is always an art. (Nida, 1982:49) Translation is considered as the cultural bridge and media between two languages. As there are wide differences in vocabulary and syntax between English and Chinese, translation is no easy job. Therefore, in order to keep the flavor of the original as well as cater for both the Chinese and English languages, translation skills should be reasonably employed in the process of translating, such as the following translating methods:

Literal Translation

Free Translation

Translation with Notes

Replacement with Similar Idioms

The Translation of Corresponding Idioms with the Same Meaning

A Combination of Literal and Free Translation

4. Some Warnings Concerning Idiom Translation

5. Conclusion

One of the major characteristics identifying us as human is our ability to use language. Language plays a very important role in people’s daily life; it enables people communicate with each other and understand others feelings. Language has close relations with culture. It is impossible to separate language from culture. As the essence of language, idioms also have close relations with culture. The contents of them range from society, history, psychology to customs and other various social phenomena. So, in the process of translation, translators should pay more attention to the cultural factors, in doing this, he can dig up the implicit meanings. (Conclusion of research) Only the cultural factors are concerned, translators can have a satisfactory translation. Besides, people should get acquaintances with the cultural background when using idioms to avoid embarrassment in communication. (Suggestions)

References

[*] 作者. 书名(英语的斜体). (出版地：)出版社，年份：参考内容页码 [*] 作者. 文章名(英语的斜体). 刊物名称. (出版地：)出版社，年份

[1] Li Mei. Mother tongue and translation. Shanhai: Shanhai Foreign Language Education Press,2008

[2] Li Qingming. A Comparison of the Cultures between the Chinese and English Language. Xian: Northwest University of technology Press, 2007

[3] Nida Eugene. The theory and Practice of Translation. Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1982

[4] Nida Eugene. Language, Culture, and Translating. Shanhai: Shanhai Foreign Language Education Press, 1993

[5] Susan Bassnett, Andre Lefevere. Translation, History, Culture. Shanghai: Shanhai Foreign Language Education Press, 1987

[6] Luo Shiping. A Research on English Idioms. Shanhai: Shanhai Foreign Language Education Press, 2006

[7] Li Yuping. English Idioms and their Cultural Origin. Tianjin: Nankai University Press, 2008

[8] Yin Li. English-Chinese Idioms and Folk Culture. Beijing: Bejing university Press, 2007

[9] Zhang Yajun. A Kaleidoscope of Chinese Culture. Beijing: Sinolingua, 2008

[10] 李云(Li Yun).《新编大学翻译教程》. 北京：世界知识出版社, 2007 [11] 马爱英(Ma Aiying).《中英文化翻译》. 北京：科学出版社, 2006

[12] 孙致礼(Sun Zhili).《新编英汉翻译教程》. 上海：上海外语教学出版社, 2008

[13] 王宗炎(Wang Zongyan).《英汉语文问题面面观》. 北京：北京高等教育出版社, 2006

英语毕业论文提纲的写作流程：1.提纲写作需要先拟定论文标题.2.根据论文题目写出总论点.3.结合总论点考虑全篇的整体布局.4.确定论文的整体布局后再逐步考虑总论点下面的分论点,直至确定论点句.5.结合段落部署,把相关材料组合起来,以便写作过程中的随用随取.6.进行全面的检查,对于不必要的内容进行不必要的删减.英语专业毕业论文提纲要求学位论文包括前置、主体、附录等三个部分.(一)前置1.英文封面：由论文英文题目、解释、作者、指导老师姓名和职称、时间组成.2.目录：由论文的中、英文摘要、篇、章、条、款以及参考书目、附录等序号、题名和页码组成,排在英文封面之后另页.3.中、英文内容论文摘要：摘要是论文的内容不加注释和评论的简短陈述,宜以最简洁的语言介绍论文的概要、作者的突出论点、新见解或创造性成果以及实验方法、数据或结论,是一篇完整的短文,可以独立使用,中文摘要一般在200字左右4关键词：关键词是用以表示全文主题内容信息的单词或术语.为便于文献检索,学位论文应注明三至五个具有代表意义中、外文,关键词,,这些关键词就是论文的中心词,以显著的字符另起一行,分别排在中、外文摘要的左下方.各关键词之间用,分号,隔开.外文关键词应与中文关键词相对应.(二)主体部分主题部分包括引言(introduction)、正文(body)、结论(conclusion)、参考文献(bibliography).主体部分必须由另页右页开始.1.引言：主要说明研究工作的目的、涉及范围、相关领域的前人研究成果和知识空白、研究设想、研究方法等方面的概述、理论意义和实用价值等.2.正文：论文的正文是核心部分,占主要篇幅.一般论文选题需要从几个方面来论述或论证.要求论据充分,论点明确.行文必须实事求是,客观真切,准确完备,合乎逻辑,层次分明,简练可读.正文部分要有分级标题,章、条、款、项的序号编码方法,采用阿拉伯数分级系列编号法,论文中的章、条、款、项依次排列,依次从1开始,连续编号,中间用,.,相隔,最末级编号之后不加点.3.结论：学位论文的结论是最终的、总体的结论,它是对正文部分的论述的概述,也可以在结论或讨论中提出建议、研究设想、尚待解决的问题等.毕业论文提纲的编写方法：标题式写法用简洁的文字凝练出标题,并将这部分内容概括出来.这种写法的好处是简洁明了,一目了然,但是这种方法存在一定的缺陷,作者本人对此非常了解熟悉,但是外人乍看没有眉目,因此,在毕业论文的提纲写作中,很少使用这种方法. 句子式写法就是用表述完整通畅的句子将所要描述出来的内容进行概括,这种写法更为具体,更为明确,自己了解的同时也能让外人看得懂.因为毕业论文不是针对个人,因此在毕业论文提纲的写作中得到广泛应用.2.毕业论文提供的修改推敲毕业论文提纲写好后,需要进行推敲和修改,修改的过程中需要注意以下几点：题目是否合适.题目是一篇文章的精华所在,其重要性不容忽视,不合适的论文题目会对接下来的论文写作带来阻碍. 结构是否合理.合理的结构需要点明主题的基础上围绕主题进行拓展延伸,划分层次和段落,提高文章的逻辑性,检查过渡是否自然,然后进行全局性的把控. 层次是否完善.提纲的层次必须完善,每个层次必须保证清晰,总论点应该重点突出,序论和结论部分应该简明扼要.本论是全文的重点,是需要集中精力写的一部分,因此,提纲应该罗列地详细一点,层层深入,体现总论和分论的巧妙融合.希望能帮到你

英国毕业论文商科应该怎么写

英国硕士毕业论文的结构及相关的注意事项以做参考：一、动笔前的准备工作。硕士毕业论文开始之前，一般老师会提前给学生提出论文的大概方向或题目，时间可能会集中在4月或5月份。这个题目就是开题报告即proposal。它占论文总成绩的比例会在10左右,对毕业论文起着纲领性的作用。一般占有字数会在1500-3000字左右。二、硕士毕业论文结构。接下来你就要非常清楚，硕士毕业论文的构成部分：一、摘要（Abstract）即主要是让导师一看就知道这是写的什么的文章，如文章领域专业及研究方向，总之是文章的概括和灵魂。二、引言部分（Introduction）:主要讲文章从哪些方面、哪些部份来写这个论题，大概说明文章的结构（从…到…到…conclusion）,为什么要用这个结构，要达到什么样的目的。三、LR:文献综述即引用的背景有前人的研究加一些自己的言论。参考了哪些东西并注明。需要注意数据引用的权威性及时效性，所以这一部分耗时比较长久一些。四、方法论（methodology or method）即定性或定量的分析方法。定性：比较简单，可能是调查问卷或二手资料属于经验性的论证方法。定量：比较难因为要用软件做分析数据如：SPSS、STATA、MATLAB.五、分析结果及结论和建议（Analysis conclusion Recommendation）即得出结果。需要有权威性的根据与理论来证明，主要是通过上面的method发现了什么？并总结自己的看法与建议。六、参考文献（Reference）需要注意:REF的来源，学术的权威性，时效性还有数量。三、检查细节，避免小错写作的时候注意语法，其次中式英文，到过于简单的语句又或者刻意复杂语句但表达不合理的英文.当然在动笔前可以多参考一些范文提升自己的硕士毕业论文写作时的结构及语态表达的参考力，只要你做足了准备功课，一定可以顺利完成自己的硕士毕业论文任务的。毕业论文的写作需要花大量的心力，因为导师的要求会很严格，你的论文任何一个小错误都有可能导致扣分。字词句段的单词拼写，语法运用，任何一个地方的错误，都有可能让导师误以为你对自己的毕业论文不上心，很容易被扣分哦。希望大家都能注意起来，养成定稿后做详细检查的习惯。

去图书馆找相关资料，做好研究，不要抄书。实在还是不行，花钱请人做

百度一下国外的英文学术论文、英文文献检索网站，参考上面的论文

英国毕业论文得看他们要求的内容来写论文。

商务英语毕业论文的提纲怎么写

英文论文提纲范文

在各领域中，大家最不陌生的就是论文了吧，论文是讨论某种问题或研究某种问题的`文章。你知道论文怎样写才规范吗？以下是我精心整理的英文论文提纲范文，希望能够帮助到大家。

论文的规格：正文长度5,500-8,500单词。

使用的语言：英语

论文分题目、引言、正文、参考文献、致谢等部分。

引文要注明出处。直接引用要加引号，间接引文要以转述的方式出现。然后以括号把引文来源写清楚：(作者名，年份，引文所在页码)

论文正文部分：

1、题目大写，三号字，新时代罗马字，大写下面可写一个附标题，4号字;

2、作者名，5号字，班级，学号

3、指导教师名，5号字，职称

4、摘要：用300词，5号字，英文一页，中文一页

5、关键词：不能用专有名词，词与词之间空四格(或一个tab键)，不加标点符号

6、正文：用5号字，

大部分标题用5号字黑体、小部分、小小部分。大部分用罗马字，小不分用一般数字符号：

引言：引入正题，不超过2段

i. ii. iii. iv. v. vi. vii. viii. ix. x.

ii. , , , , …

iii. , , , , , / . …

结论

7、参考文献(bibliography)：先英文，后中文

作者名，出版年月，文章名/书刊名，出版社，地点

8、致谢(acknowledgement)

英语毕业论文提纲范例：

题目：基于语料库的英语不规则动词过去式的社会语言学变异研究

Contents

Introduction

Chapter 1 Literature Review

General Studies of English Irregular Verbs

Studies of the Variations of Irregular Verbs

Summary

Chapter 2 Theoretical Framework

Foundational Studies of Variationist Sociolinguistics

Variationist Sociolinguistics: Key Concepts and the Principle of Accountability

Analytical Methods in Variationist Sociolinguistics

Summary

Chapter 3 Diachronic Change of PTFs of Irregular Verbs in COHA

Methodology and Data Visualization

Data Analysis

Discussion and Conclusions

Summary

Chapter 4 Synchronic Variation of PTFs of Irregular Verbs

Introduction and Data

Principle Components Analysis

User-related Variation of PTFs of Irregular Verbs in BNCweb

Discussion and Conclusions

Summary

Conclusion

Bibliography

Acknowledgements

怎么写商务英语论文范文

商务英语范文可以给你

商务英语毕业论文有很多

商务英语写作范文5篇

商务英语专业方向主要培养具有扎实的英语语言基础和较系统的国际商务管理理论知识，具有较强的.实践技能，能在外贸、外事、文化、新闻出版、教育、科研、旅游等部门从事翻译、管理、教学、研究工作的英语高级专门人才。写作是上午英语考试中的重要部分，掌握一定的技巧才能取得高分，下面我为大家整理了商务英语写作的范文，供大家参考!

范文1

Dear

Thank you for yourorder. At this time we cannot fill your order due to an unexpectedshipment delay from our overseas suppliers.

We will hold yourorder for arrival of the merchandise， and ship shortly thereafter. Unfortunately， we cannot provide you with a specific shipping date at this time.

Thank you for youranticipated patience in this matter.

范文2

Dear

Because Mr. Jones isout of the office for the next two weeks I am acknowledging receipt of yourletter dated May 20， l983. Itwill be brought to his attention immediately upon his return.

If I may be of anyassistance during Mr. Jones' absence，please do not hesitate to call

范文3

Dear

The [product name and model number] that you mailedto us for repair was received on [date] We will bereturning it to you as soon as the necessary adjustments are made.

We are sorry that youexperienced a problem with our product and want to thank you for purchasing a[name of product]

范文4

Dear

This is to inform youthat we have carefully reviewed your estimate on the parking lotrefurbishing. We are planning to contract with you for this work.

We are unable to letthis contract immediately， as finalapproval of expenditures of this nature must come from the head office in NewYork.

Dear

We have received yourletter acknowledging receipt of the items we mailed to you and noticing us tocancel shipment of your order for those items which are back ordered.

We will be issuing youa refund as soon as we have completed the necessary paperwork for your account.

We would like to takethis opportunity to thank you for shopping through [name] Our new [specify] catalogshould be arriving at your home shortly， and I believe you will be pleased by some of the beautiful choicesour buyers have made this season.

Thank you for yourpatience and understanding and for providing us with the opportunity to be ofservice to you.

范文5

Dear

Thank you for yourkind letter regarding your exceptional treatment by one of our employees. A copy of your letter has been forwarded to the personnel department and willbe included in the employee's file.

So seldom is it that acustomer takes the time to write a letter of appreciation， that I feel moved to reward your initiative.

Please accept theenclosed certificate， which， when presented， will entitlethe bearer to a ten percent discount on the merchandise being purchased at thattime.

This is but a smalltoken of our appreciation of customers such as you， upon whose satisfaction we have been allowed to grow and prosper inthis highly competitive marketplace.

Again， on behalf of our entire organization， a heart-felt thank you.