毕业论文单片机外文翻译

外文翻译要求：（1）选定外文文献后先给指导老师看，得到老师的确认通过后方可翻译。（2）选择外文翻译时一定选择外国作者写的文章，可从学校中知网或者外文数据库下载。（3）外文翻译字数要求3000字以上，从外文文章起始处开始翻译，不允许从文章中间部分开始翻译，翻译必须结束于文章的一个大段落。

（最好）不要某宝，不要个人，一定要选一个正规的润色机构——服务有保障，有售后，北京译顶科技做的不错，可以联系他们一下终身满意。

单片机论文--------------------------------------------------------------------------------文:admin 发表时间2008-9-26 11:29:00 单片机论文：单片机是一种嵌入式系统仿真方法，通过一种特殊设计的指令集仿真器ISS将软件调试器软件Keil uVision2和硬件语言仿真器软件Modelsim连接起来，实现了软件和硬件的同步仿真。关键词：BFM，TCL，Verilog，Vhdl，PLI，Modelsim，Keil uVision2，ISS，TFTP，HTTP，虚拟网卡，Sniffer，SMART MEDIA，DMA，MAC，SRAM，CPLD缩略词解释：BFM：总线功能模块。在HDL硬件语言仿真中，BFM完成抽象描述数据和具体的时序信号之间的转换。PLI：Verilog编程语言接口，是C语言模块和Verilog语言模块之间交换数据的接口定义。TCL：字面意思是工具命令语言，是一种解释执行语言，流行EDA软件一般都集成有TCL。使用TCL用户可以编写控制EDA工具的脚本程序，实现工具操作自动化。ISS：CPU指令集仿真器，可以执行CPU的机器码。TFTP：简单文件传输协议，Windows的既是该协议的客户端实现。SMART MEDIA：一种存储卡，常用于数码相机、MP3。DMA：直接内存访问。用于外部设备之间高速数据转移。MAC：媒体接入控制器。本文中是指网卡芯片。前言传统的嵌入式系统中，设计周期、硬件和软件的开发是分开进行的，并在硬件完成后才将系统集成在一起，很多情况下，硬件完成后才开始进行实时软件和整体调试。软硬件联合仿真是一种在物理原型可用前，能尽早开始调试程序的技术。软硬件联合仿真有可能使软件设计工程师在设计早期着手调试，而采用传统的方法，设计工程师直到硬件设计完成才能进行除错处理。有些软件可在没有硬件支持的情况下完成任务的编码，如不涉及到硬件的算法。与硬件相互作用的编码在获得硬件之前编写，但只有在硬件上运行后，才能真正对编码进行调试。通过采用软硬件联合仿真技术，可在设计早期开始这一设计调试过程。由于软件的开发通常在系统开发的后段完成，在设计周期中较早的开始调试有可能将使这一项目提早完成，该技术会降低首次将硬件和软件连接在一起时出现意外而致使项目延期完成所造成的风险。在取得物理原型前，采用软硬件联合仿真技术对硬件和软件之间的接口进行验证，将使你不会花太多的时间在后期系统调试上。当你确实拿到物理原型开始在上面跑软件的时候，你会发现经过测试的软件部分将会正常工作，这会节省项目后期的大量时间及努力。软硬件联合仿真系统由一个硬件执行环境和一个软件执行环境组成，通常软件环境和硬件环境都有自己的除错和控制界面，软件通过一系列由处理器启动的总线周期与硬件的交互作用。本文以一个Mini Web卡的开发介绍一种软硬件联合仿真系统。该方案的核心是采用一个51单片机仿真引擎GoldBull ISS51（以下简称ISS51），ISS51是51单片机开发环境Keil uVision2的一个插件，ISS51具有连接Keil和硬件仿真环境Modelsim的接口，可以实现软硬件同步仿真。在该系统中，Keil作为软件调试界面，Modelsim作为硬件仿真和调试界面，ISS51负责软件执行、监控软件断点、单步执行、内存和寄存器数据返回给Keil、CPU总线时序产生和捕获、内部功能模块（如定时器，串口）的运行等功能。Mini Web卡介绍Mini Web卡是一个运行在单片机上的Web服务器，提供网口连接，有大容量文件系统，提供TFTP和HTTP服务。尽管软件系统比较复杂，但优化编译后，执行代码还不足25K，为后续升级留下了足够空间。51CPU采用SST89系列，这种CPU具有ISP功能，可以通过RS232串口，直接将目标码下载到CPU。DMA控制逻辑是一个可编程逻辑器件，采用的是ALTERA的CPLD EPM240，主要功能是实现外围器件之间的DMA传递。因为51CPU进行IO访问是很低效的，需要24个时钟周期才能进行一次IO访问，在外围设备之间转移数据则需要更多的时钟周期，使用DMA控制逻辑可以达到3个时钟周期就能转移一个字节。本系统中处理多种网络协议，需要大量报文收发和文件系统访问，采用DMA可以极大地提高51单片机的数据处理速度。DMA通道主要有MAC芯片与RAM之间的数据块转移，SMART MEDIA和RAM之间的数据块转移。网卡芯片采用的是AX88796，主要的优点是可以和51CPU方便地接口；支持100M以太网，速度高；有较大的接收报文缓存，能够平滑网络流量，减少因51CPU处理速度慢导致的报文丢弃和重发。SMART MEDIA是一个移动存储卡，主要用于存储文件，Mini Web卡支持8M到256M的SMD卡。文件系统是Mini Web卡的新开发模块，文件系统的测试主要通过TFTP来进行，为此Mini Web卡上的TFTP服务程序进行了特殊设计，支持格式化SMART MEDIA，获取剩余空间，获取文件名列表，上传、下载和删除文件。软硬件联合仿真的必要性：Mini Web卡软件模块多，软件开发风险较大。软件对硬件的依赖较强，FLASH存储器的访问驱动、网卡驱动、DMA驱动，需要软硬件协同调试。文件系统的开发，在仿真环境下更容易和快捷。比如在仿真结束时，可以将SMART MEDIA仿真模型中的数据倒换到磁盘文件中，在仿真开始时，将磁盘文件中的数据加载到SMART MEDIA仿真模型中，在定位文件系统的问题时，这一个功能很有用。采用软硬件联合仿真，便于系统前期设计。51单片机的外部RAM访问效率较低，内存拷贝、外部器件之间的数据块转移很浪费时间。将大量数据的拷贝操作或数据块校验、比较操作在CPLD内实现，可以大大改进51单片机处理数据的能力。通过软硬件联合仿真，可以评估CPLD处理数据对性能的改进。Mini Web卡软硬件联合仿真系统：软硬件联合仿真主要解决的问题是系统功能设计与验证，它不解决电源、滤波电容、总线电平兼容问题。做系统仿真，首先要对硬件系统建模。我们关注的是系统设计的正确性和可执行性。系统中的串口只是用来支持ISP下载软件，软件部分没有对串口做任何操作，所以系统仿真可以不必考虑。网卡芯片AX88796，厂商没有提供仿真模型。它与CPU的接口符合ISA接口标准，软件对AX88796的操作是根据NE2000标准网卡芯片设计的，由此我们建立了一个网卡芯片的仿真模型。我们设计了一个MAC BFM来仿真网卡芯片的ISA接口，NE2000定义的寄存器在C模型中实现，MAC BFM与NE2000寄存器C模型通过PLI接****换数据。SRAM仿真模型是很容易获取的，很多器件生产商都提供Verilog仿真模型，但器件生产商提供的Verilog仿真模型都包含复杂的延时控制代码，这会影响仿真速度。根据经验，我们可以确保SRAM在单板设计中被正确应用，不会产生时序问题，所以我们可以采用一个简化的SRAM仿真模型，这是我们自己设计的，有效代码只有十几行。51CPU BFM 负责单片机管脚时序的产生和捕获。51CPU BFM是与ISS51紧密捆绑的，由ISS51安装SMART MEDIA是三星公司提供的仿真模型，我们使用的也是三星公司的同类型存储卡。该模型可以用于验证软件操作SMART MEDIA的正确性和DMA Controller的接口时序。DMA Controller是Mini Web卡硬件开发的一部分，将逻辑设计代码应用于仿真，既能检测逻辑设计的正确性，又能使整个仿真系统得以正常运转。将上述硬件模型连接起来，产生下图所示硬件系统模型图：图2. Mini Web卡硬件模块电路图图2中U11为SMART MEDIA仿真模型，U4为DMA Controller模型。虚拟网卡做系统仿真，必须输入来自真实世界的激励，并将仿真系统的输出传递到真实世界。即便是不能连接到真实世界，也应该提供模拟真实世界的输入，并对仿真系统的输出进行检测和分析。对于Mini Web卡来说，它和真实环境是通过网口连接的。使用虚拟网卡技术，能够将图3中的MAC C Model与虚拟网卡进行通讯。对于运行在Windows系统上的应用程序来说，它并不知道网卡是虚拟的还是真实的，应用程序通过虚拟网卡收发数据，事实上是与仿真系统在进行网络通信。这样就可以使用TFTP向Mini Web卡仿真系统传递网页文件，使用IE浏览Mini Web卡仿真系统中的网页，Mini Web卡的所有功能都能够被检验。使用网络臭探器Sniffer可以监控虚拟网卡的报文流，方便协议调试。仿真加速技术软硬件联合仿真，影响仿真速度的瓶颈在HDL代码部分的仿真。如果不设法提高HDL代码部分的仿真速度，软件调试就非常低效。提高硬件仿真速度的方法之一是软件硬件仿真采用事件同步，只在CPU访问IO时保持软件和硬件是同步的。仿真加速方法之二是硬件仿真系统时钟休眠。对于Mini Web卡来说，只有DMA Controller是受时钟控制的，软件没有操作DMA Controller的期间，DMA Controller的运作是毫无意义的，所以可以在非DMA操作期间，对时钟进行休眠；ISS51在每次IO访问时，给出与上次IO访问的时间差，这个时间差经过处理可以作为时钟休眠的时间段。如果ISS51连续进行IO访问，就不会产生时钟休眠了。DMA Controller工作于查询方式，可以采用时钟休眠技术，而不会导致仿真与真实结果的不一致。方法之三是，缩短SMART MEDIA仿真模型中的一些长延时的时间参数。因为在等待SMART MEDIA进入就绪状态时，CPU必须连续查询IO，影响仿真速度。我们主要用于软件功能验证，这种修改也是可以接受的。方法之四，在软件设计上，谨慎使用外部中断，因为一旦中断启动，ISS51需要在每个机器周期查询是否有中断信号，导致软件仿真和硬件仿真在每个指令上都进行同步，影响仿真速度。如果一定要使用外部中断，建议用C模型代替Verilog模型，这样可不影响仿真速度；或者由用户根据外部模块产生外部中断的时机，使用ISS51的控制命令，在恰当时刻使能ISS在一个普通PC （CPU为AMD速龙1000，SDRM512M 133），运行Mini Web卡仿真系统，使用PING命令测试Mini Web卡仿真系统的响应速度：Reply from : bytes=32 time=64ms TTL=128使用IE打开Mini Web卡仿真系统中的网页文件，感觉和拨号上网的速度差不太多。创建多个TFTP连接，同时向仿真系统传递或下载网页文件，同时使用IE进行网页浏览，都无响应中断现象出现。总结使用软硬件联合仿真，Mini Web卡不需要硬件就能进行全部功能的仿真，增强了系统设计成功的信心。软硬件联合仿真方便系统设计调整，可以在设计前期评估性能，方便软件和硬件的debug，是一个值得推广的技术。已经发你邮箱了

[1]杨十元.模拟系统故障诊断与可靠性设计，清华人学出版社，2004 [2]童诗白.模拟电子技术基础，高教出版社，2006[3]周航慈.单片机应用程序设计技术，北京航空航大大学出版社，2005[4]李刚.ADuC812系列单片机原理和应用技术，北京航空航天山版社，2005[5]胡诞康.在线测试技术的发展与展望，计量与测试技术，2001[6]星河科技开发公司，印刷电路板在线测试系统的发展与应用，电子标准化与测量，2003[7]季华.PCB测试技术的综合利用，电子产品世界，2007-12[8]鲜坛.组装测试技术应用前景分析，世界电子元器件，2008-1[9]张金敏.基于单片机控制的智能电阻电容在线测试仪，甘肃科技，2006 [10]庄绍雄王济浩张迎春.智能阻容在线测试技术，山东工业大学学报，[11]陈国顺陈春沙王格芳等.通用电路板在线测试仪设计与开发，仪器仪表学报，2001[12]Nancy Instruments Smooth Rapid Test System & Measurement World,AUGUST 2001[13]卢育强.如何设定ICT的上下限，电子生产设备，2003 142-143[14]赵悦沈青松终玉军.路板的测试技术，辽宁工学院学报，2008-1[15]程亚黎曾周末.电路故障自动测试与诊断系统，中国仪器仪表，2007

单片机毕业论文英文翻译

“毕业论文”用英文是dissertation dissertation[ˌdɪsəˈteɪʃn]n. 专题论文，学位论文；学术演讲毕业论文；博士论文；论文；学位论文例句： was involved in writing his doctoral dissertation. 他在聚精会神地写他的博士论文.2. I have not yet footnoted my dissertation. 我还没有给我的论文加上脚注.3. I'm working my notes up into a dissertation. 我正在把我的笔记修改成论文.

Thesis For Graduation毕业论文Thesis For Academic Degree学位论文Thesis表示比较严肃的文章，是带有一定目的的，研究性的文章。学位论文，研究报告。

SCM is microcomputer (Single-Chip Microcomputer) is a set of CPU, RAM, ROM, the timing, number and variety of integrated micro-controller interface. MCS-51 microcontroller which is all typical and representative of a widely used in various fields. The planned main topics designed by chip - microcomputer control of the music. The music by the SCM system is the smallest system and the planned expansion of LED display circuit and voice circuit. MCU for the use of assembly language programming, press the button on Bell. and regularly interrupted LED showed that the initial value of the notes function. This paper introduces the doorbell music software, hardware design, and in design, Commissioning the problems encountered and solutions. The topics designed musical doorbell system is simple, cost low-cost, fully functional, very practical.

毕业论文的英文翻译是thesis，音标是英[ˈθi:sɪs] 美[ˈθisɪs] 。thesisn.论文，毕业论文;论点，论题;命题扩展例句1、There is no empirical evidence to support his thesis. 他的论文缺乏实验证据的支持。2、How well does this thesis stand up to close examination? 这个命题经得起推敲吗？3、He has finished his thesis. 他的论文完成了。4、She's finished writing her thesis. 她那篇论文写出来了。5、Please write an abstract of this article 〔 thesis 〕. 请写一份这本书〔这篇论文〕的摘要。The article has a clear-cut thesis and arguments, but lacks reasoning.文章论点、论据鲜明，但缺乏论证。

单片机毕业论文英语翻译

wo 这个和你的有些相似，我的是C51单片机，键盘 128*64LCD，我的论文，不是那在线翻译的。是专业翻译。你修改点就能用了，我懒得改，不好意思啊！！！！！！便携式低频信号发生器作者：（陕西理工学院机械工程学院指导教师：翟任何[摘要]信号发生器是一种常用的信号源，广泛地应用于电子电路、自动控制系统和教学实验等领域。目前使用的信号发生器大部分是函数信号发生器，且特殊波形发生器的价格昂贵。所以本设计使用的是AT89c51单片机构成的发生器，可产生三角波、方波、正弦波等多种特殊波形和任意波形，波形的频率可用程序控制改变。在单片机上加外围器件距阵式键盘，通过键盘控制波形频率的增减以及波形的选择，并用了LCD显示频率大小。在单片机的输出端口接DAC0832进行D/A转换，再通过运放进行波形调整，最后输出波形接在示波器上显示。本设计具有线路简单、结构紧凑、价格低廉、性能优越等优点。[关键词]信号发生器；单片机；波形调整The design of low- frequency function signal-generatorAuthor:Zhao （Grade05,Class2, Detection Technology and Application，Mechanical engineering institute ，Shaanxi University of Technology，Hanzhong 723003，Shaanxi）Tutor:Zhai Renhe[Abstract]Signal-generator is a kind of signal source in common use, broadly applied at the electronics electric circuit, auto control system and teaching experiment etc. Currently used mostly function signal generator signal generator, waveform generator and a special price of expensive . So the dissertation is usage of the AT89s51 single-chip microcomputer constitute of wave-form generator, which can generate triangle wave, square wave, sine wave etc variety wave-form, the period of wave can be controlled by procedure, at outer circle spare part of the machine, plus independence type keyboard , which can control wave increase or decrease of form-frequency and the choice of wave-form, at the same time LED display frequency size. The output of the machine connect DAC0832 to carry on a DA conversion，again pass operation amplifier to put an end exportation wave-form. This design has advantage of simple circuit, tightly packed structure, cheap price, superior function etc.[Keywords]signal generator; MCU; wave-form adjustment

In recent years, with the rapid development of science and technology, the application of single chip is accepted broadly in real-time detection and automatic control of microcomputer. Although it’s often act as the core component of single chip system, it is not enough only with the knowledge of single chip. Engineers also need to think about the structure of the hardware to perfect the most higher education institutions have built single chip laboratory, equipped with experiment box and other hardware simulation equipment. But the circuitry of the experiment box is fixed and the experiment steps are hard to be changed. It is not fit the trend of rapid development speed of single chip technology. It is also unsuited to develop students’ abilities and creativities. With the introduction of the Proteus software simulation technology, it can be solved at a certain extent. We could design more experiment steps and help students completing their self-study with the simulation experimental platform. It is a positive technology for system construction. Based on the information above, the author design a temperature alarm system with functions of automatic temperature monitoring and artificially infrared temperature adjustment. This system is created based on the single-chip microcomputer simulation environment, using the PIC single chip of MICOCHIP ltd as the main control chip, combined with peripheral infrared sensor, LCD display, temperature sensing, dc motors, heating electric stove wire and alarm equipment. The control system of main chip and main program was written in C design has the advantages of reducing cost and increase practicability. It is could be adopted by most higher education institutions.

引言在城市居民日常生活中%防盗门上的门铃用得比较频繁%但这种门铃不具有对讲功能%并且可视性也不好%这给市民的日常生活带来了诸多的不便&例如当有人按门铃时%房主一般走到门口%通过防盗门上所谓的’猫眼(来辨认来访者是谁%这不仅费劲%而且当来访者是你不愿接见的人时%由于走动到门口发出的脚步声已告知来访者你在家%有时碍于情面%你不得不接见来访者& 本文介绍的基于单片机 !"AB%&JDF 的单户防盗门可视对讲门铃室内分机便很好的解决了这些问题& 该可视对讲门铃室内分机和与其配套使用的防盗门上的室外机特别适合于别墅式住宅防盗门安装使用%也适合于普通市民入户防盗门安装使用& ( 单户可视对讲门铃室内分机工作原理图 F 所示为该单户防盗门可视对讲门铃室内分机的工作原理框图& 它以单片机 !"AB%&JDF 作为系统控制核心%配以呼叫检测模块)摘挂机检测模块)视频显示及控制模块)开锁和音频信号输入K出控制模块)音频信号输入放大模块)音频信号输出前置放大模块以及按键组成* 当来访者按门铃开关传来呼叫主人的门铃信号时%!"#B%C(’F 的 LFM 脚通过呼叫检测模块检测到门铃呼叫信号% 其 LFN 脚输出开启视频显示控制信号到视频显示及控制模块+ 其 LFO 脚输出允许通话控制信号到音频控制模块%同时进行 PJ, 定时* 若主人不在家或通过辨认 %Q" 显示器中显示的来访者决定不接见% 则 PJ, 后 !"AB%CJDF 通过 LFN和 LFO 脚分别输出关闭视频显示信号和禁止通话信号+ 若主人决定接见来访者% 则摘机* !"AB%CJDF 通过 LFD 脚检测到已摘机%则终止 PJ, 定时* 主人的话音音频信号经过前置放大模块放大后%经 %R 的 N 脚 !ST 线传到门口室外机供来访者听话%而来访者的话音音频输入信号经放大模块从 !ST 线取出放大后送耳机发声%完成通话动作*主人通过通话询问并从显示屏中观察来访者的表情%进一步判明来访者的身份和意图%判明后主人按下开锁键 ’URVT%W(%!"AB%&JD) 经 L)O 脚输出的开锁信号经由 !ST 线传到门口室外机% 控制防盗门的电控锁的电磁铁动作%门被打开*客人进门后%防盗门依靠闭门器的作用再次关上*主人挂机%!"AB%&JD) 通过 L)D 脚检测到已挂机% 则由 L)X 和L)O 脚分别输出关闭视频显示信号和禁止通话信号% 恢复收铃状态* 另外%主人还可通过按主动监视键’YTQRS"TQ(%来开启显示屏显示来访者或查看门外的情况* & 单户防盗门可视对讲门铃室内分机硬件设计及实现该单户防盗门可视对讲门铃室内分机硬件电路原理图略可向作者索取* &I) 呼叫及摘挂机检测模块设计及实现呼叫检测模块由图中的 ZD,Q)O)Q)M)%))[M 及 !"AB%CJD)的 L)M 脚及其上的上拉电阻 Q)A 构成& 当来访者按下门铃开关%由 %R 的 M 脚的 \] 线传来的门铃呼叫信号一路经扬声器发出门铃呼叫声% 另一路经过 ZD 反向截止%Q)O 与 %) 组成的充放电电路%由 Q)M 驱动三极管 [M 导通%使 !"AB%CJD) 的 L)M 脚由高电平变为低电平%完成呼叫检测& 图中的压键开关)!"AB%CJD) 的 L)D 脚及其上的上拉电阻QO 构成摘挂机检测模块%当主人摘机后压键开关转换状态%L)D脚的电平由高变低%完成摘机检测& 反之%完成挂机检测& CIC 视频显示及控制模块设计及实现设计的视频显示及控制模块图^略_%主要由 [‘)[X)[D)[O)继电器 \Q])视频显示屏及 !"#B%&JDF 的 LFX 脚及其上的上拉电阻 QF& 构成&视频显示屏选用具有显像作用%工作电压为 F&a的国产金阳牌 X 寸黑白扁平显像管& 设计时为了同时对显示屏的 F&a 直流工作电源和 %R 的 D 脚 aSZ 输入的视频信号进行控制% 选用 \]Q 型双刀双掷电磁式继电器并利用其常开触点%QX对继电器线圈起限流保护作用%Z‘ 对继电器线圈起续流保护作用& 待机时%LFX 脚输出高电平%[O 导通%[X 和 [D 截止& 当!"#B%&JDF 检测到呼叫信号或主人按下主动监视键时%LFX 脚输出低电平%[O 截止%[X)[D 导通& [X 导通使大功率三极管!BXJ 导通%由 %R 的 F 脚 ab送来的 F#a 直流电源%经 !BXJ 的集电极输出%提供继电器线圈工作电压和 F&a 集成稳压器的输入电源%并经 %R 的 O 脚 aZ% 给室外机的视频摄像镜头提供受控的输入电源# !" 导通$继电器吸合给视频显示屏提供工作电压及视频信号以显示视频图像# #$% 开锁和音频信号输入&出控制模块设计及实现图中的压键开关%’#%’%%!(%!#%)*+,-#."( 的 /(0 脚及其上的上拉电阻 ’( 构成了开锁和音频信号输入&出控制模块# 待机时$即使摘机使压键开关转换状态$但 /(0 脚输出低电平$!(截止$!# 基极得电导通$ 使 )12 对地短路而禁止通话# 当)*+,-#."( 检测到门铃呼叫信号时$/(0 脚输出高电平使 !( 导通$!# 因基极对地短路而截止$允许通话# 但若主人未摘机$则压键开关不转换状态$来访者仍不能与主人进行通话#这很好地解决了同类产品或其它未使用单片机控制的单户可视对讲门铃任何状态下$摘机即可通话$以及来访者呼叫后$即可从室外机的扬声器听到室内发出的声音等缺陷# #$3 音频信号放大处理模块设计及实现声电转换器件选择灵敏度高$频率响应好的驻极体传声器$但经传声器转换形成的音频电压信号比较微弱$ 不适宜直接传输$为此需要设计音频输出信号前置放大处理模块#为了降低成本$ 音频输出信号前置放大采用三极管进行两极放大# 如图所示$分压电阻 ’(,%’#.%’#( 和滤波电容 -(. 为传声器提供直流工作电压$传声器产生的音频信号经 -(( 耦合$-(# 滤波输入到!+ 的基极$ 经 !+ 放大后$ 由集电极输出直接耦合到 !, 的基极$再经 !, 放大由集电极输出#’%. 起到两个作用$一是给 )12电路供电$ 二是将 !, 集电极输出的音频信号混合到音频输入输出线 )12$并送到室外机&防盗门端’$经再次放大$供来访者听话# 图中的 ’#"%’#0%’#4%’#+ 及 ’#, 为 !+%!, 的直流工作限流电阻# 来访者传声器产生的并经前置放大的音频输入信号$ 由于传输衰减需要再次放大$为此需设计输入音频信号放大模块#设计时$ 可选用通用集成运算放大器来设计$ 但所需外围器件较多$ 并且音频放大效果不够理想$ 为此选用具有所需外围器件少$工作电压为 35!(#5$低变形和低功耗等特点的专用音频集成功率放大器 67%+0$ 并且采用放大倍数为 #. 倍的典型接法#如图所示$-+ 从 )12 线取出的输入音频信号经 -, 和 ’## 滤波后$由 67%+0 的 % 脚输入$经过 #. 倍放大后由 " 脚输出$再经-4 和 ’#3 滤波$由 -0 耦合到频率特性好$谐波失真小的平膜动圈式耳机发声$完成通话动作# 另外$还设计了两个独立式按键$用于开锁和主动监视$设计的独立式按键如图所示# ! 单户防盗门可视对讲门铃室内机软件设计及实现单片机软件主要完成门铃呼叫信号检测%摘挂机检测%按键检测及相应控制信号的输出$完成来访者呼叫后及主动监视 %.8定时等功能# 用 7-9:"( 语言编写的具体软件实现程序如下( 2’; ....< 7)1=> 725 9/?@".< -6’ /($0 A输出关闭音频控制信号 -6’ #%< A清呼叫标志位 ;B> B=C /($"?7DEF A摘机呼叫无效 BC /($4?7DEF A 无呼叫信号则转检查是否按下主动监视键 9E*C #%< A置呼叫标志 6B7/ *17%.8 A转 %.8 定时 7DEF> BC /($%?;B A未按主动监视键则跳转挂机检查 *17%.8> -6’ /($3 A允许电源输出和开启视频显示 725 04 725 0+ B=C #% -)66 GE6F"H8 A调 "H8 定时子程序 GB=I 0+ 9E*C /($0 A允许通话 -6’ #%< A清呼叫标志 J=62-D> BC /($#?;B( A若未按开锁键则跳转检查挂机 -6’ /($0 A若按下开锁键则输出开电控锁信号 -)66 GE6F"H8 9E*C /($0 A恢复通话 ;B(> B=C /($"?J=62-D A若未挂机?继续检查是否按开锁键 -6’ /($0 A若挂机?则禁止通话 9E*C /($3 A关视频显示及视频&音频通话电源 6B7/ ;B GE6F"H8> 725 0" 725 00

c单片机论文英文文献翻译

大学生呀！！

Single-Chip Microcomputer有的时候，也可以用SingleChip来代替下面链接的第六章有讲单片机Single Chip Microcmputer 第148页开始这是一段中汉对照的。中文:单片机是把主要计算机功能部件都集成在一块芯片上的微型计算机。它是一种集计数和多中接口于一体的微控制器，被广泛应用在智能产品和工业自动化上，而51单片机是个单片机中最为典型和最有代表性的一种。本课题选择89S51为核心控制元件，设计了一个日常生活中用到的电子音乐门铃系统。当功能按键按下，音乐响起，发光二极管随着音乐的节拍进行闪烁，LED显示相应的定时器初值。音乐演奏过程中再次按下按键无效，只有当音乐段结束再次按下才有效。如果是电子音乐门铃在响，按下复位按键就终止，显示初始状态。经过实践证明，本系统运行稳定，具有一定的实用价值。-------------翻译:SCM is a major piece of computer components are integrated into the chip micro-computer. It is a multi-interface and counting on the micro-controller integration, and intelligence products are widely used in industrial automation. and MCS-51 microcontroller is a typical and topics chosen for the 89S51 control of the core components used in the design of a daily electronic music doorbell system. When the function button is pressed, the music sounded and the music beats with light emitting diodes for flickered. Initial corresponding LED timer. Musical process again pressed the button ineffective, and only when pressed again before the end of the music effectively. If the doorbell ring for electronic music, press the button on the reduction and termination, showed initial state. Practice has proved that the system is stable and has some practical value.本设计是以凌阳16位单片机为重心，介绍语音控制在机械手中的应用，实现微型舵机的运作，完成所指定的动作。其中通过凌阳16位单片机输出的脉冲信号来准确的控制机械手的摆动角度，机械手的捏拿动作由电磁铁完成，电磁铁的通断由凌阳16位单片机的I/O口控制，硬件和软件都在具体的实验中证明了其可行性This design is take insults the positive 16 monolithic integrated circuits as a center of gravity, introduced the pronunciation control in manipulator's application, the realization miniature servo operation, completes the movement which assigns. Through insults the pulse signal which the positive 16 monolithic integrated circuits outputs to come the accurate control manipulator to swing the angle, the manipulator pinches takes the movement to complete by the electro-magnet, the electro-magnet passes the legal reason for judgment to insult the positive 16 monolithic integrated circuits I/O control, the hardware and the software all have proven its feasibility in the concrete experiment

Introduction of Programmable controllers From a simple heritage, these remarkable systems have evolved to not only replace electromechanical devices, but to solve an ever-increasing array of control problems in both process and nonprocess industries. By all indications, these microprocessor powered giants will continue to break new ground in the automated factory into the 1990s. HISTORY In the 1960s, electromechanical devices were the order of the day ass far as control was concerned. These devices, commonly known as relays, were being used by the thousands to control many sequential-type manufacturing processes and stand-along machines. Many of these relays were in use in the transportation industry, more specifically, the automotive industry. These relays used hundreds of wires and their interconnections to effect a control solution. The performance of a relay was basically reliable - at least as a single device. But the common applications for relay panels called for 300 to 500 or more relays, and the reliability and maintenance issues associated with supporting these panels became a very great challenge. Cost became another issue, for in spite of the low cost of the relay itself, the installed cost of the panel could be quite high. The total cost including purchased parts, wiring, and installation labor, could range from $30~$50 per relay. To make matters worse, the constantly changing needs of a process called for recurring modifications of a control panel. With relays, this was a costly prospect, as it was accomplished by a major rewiring effort on the panel. In addition these changes were sometimes poorly documented, causing a second-shift maintenance nightmare months later. In light of this, it was not uncommon to discard an entire control panel in favor of a new one with the appropriate components wired in a manner suited for the new process. Add to this the unpredictable, and potentially high, cost of maintaining these systems as on high-volume motor vehicle production lines, and it became clear that something was needed to improve the control process – to make it more reliable, easier to troubleshoot, and more adaptable to changing control needs. That something, in the late 1960s, was the first programmable controller. This first ‘revolutionary’ system wan developed as a specific response to the needs of the major automotive manufacturers in the United States. These early controllers, or programmable logic controllers (PLC), represented the first systems that 1 could be used on the factory floor, 2 could have there ‘logic’ changed without extensive rewiring or component changes, and 3 were easy to diagnose and repair when problems occurred. It is interesting to observe the progress that has been made in the past 15 years in the programmable controller area. The pioneer products of the late 1960s must have been confusing and frightening to a great number of people. For example, what happened to the hardwired and electromechanical devices that maintenance personnel were used to repairing with hand tools? They were replaced with ‘computers’ disguised as electronics designed to replace relays. Even the programming tools were designed to appear as relay equivalent presentations. We have the opportunity now to examine the promise, in retrospect, that the programmable controller brought to manufacturing. All programmable controllers consist of the basic functional blocks shown in Fig. 10. 1. We’ll examine each block to understand the relationship to the control system. First we look at the center, as it is the heart ( or at least the brain ) of the system. It consists of a microprocessor, logic memory for the storage of the actual control logic, storage or variable memory for use with data that will ordinarily change as a function power for the processor and memory. Next comes the I/O block. This function takes the control level signals for the CPU and converts them to voltage and current levels suitable for connection with factory grade sensors and actuators. The I/O type can range from digital (discrete or on / off), analog (continuously variable), or a variety of special purpose ‘smart’ I/O which are dedicated to a certain application task. The programmer is shown here, but it is normally used only to initially configure and program a system and is not required for the system to operate. It is also used in troubleshooting a system, and can prove to be a valuable tool in pinpointing the exact cause of a problem. The field devices shown here represent the various sensors and actuators connected to the I/O. These are the arms, legs, eyes, and ears of the system, including push buttons, limit switches, proximity switches, photosensors, thermocouples, RTDS, position sensing devices, and bar code reader as input; and pilot lights, display devices, motor starters, DC and AC drives, solenoids, and printers as outputs. No single attempt could cover its rapidly changing scope, but three basic characteristics can be examined to give classify an industrial control device as a programmable controller. (1) Its basic internal operation is to solve logic from the beginning of memory to some specified point, such as end of memory or end of program. Once the end is reached, the operation begins again at the beginning of memory. This scanning process continues from the time power is supplied to the time it it removed. (2) The programming logic is a form of a relay ladder diagram. Normally open, normally closed contacts, and relay coils are used within a format utilizing a left and a right vertical rail. Power flow (symbolic positive electron flow) is used to determine which coil or outputs are energized or deenergized. (3) The machine is designed for the industrial environment from its basic concept; this protection is not added at a later date. The industrial environment includes unreliable AC power, high temperatures (0 to 60 degree Celsius), extremes of humidity, vibrations, RF noise, and other similar parameters. General application areas The programmable controller is used in a wide variety of control applications today, many of which were not economically possible just a few years ago. This is true for two general reasons: 1 there cost effectiveness (that is, the cost per I/O point) has improved dramatically with the falling prices of microprocessors and related components, and 2 the ability of the controller to solve complex computation and communication tasks has made it possible to use it where a dedicated computer was previously used. Applications for programmable controllers can be categorized in a number of different ways, including general and industrial application categories. But it is important to understand the framework in which controllers are presently understood and used so that the full scope of present and future evolution can be examined. It is through the power of applications that controllers can be seen in their full light. Industrial applications include many in both discrete manufacturing and process industries. Automotive industry applications, the genesis of the programmable controller, continue to provide the largest base of opportunity. Other industries, such as food processing and utilities, provide current development opportunities. There are five general application areas in which programmable controllers are used. A typical installation will use one or more of these integrated to the control system problem. The five general areas are explained briefly below. Description The AT89C51 is a low-power, high-performance CMOS 8-bit microcomputer with 4K bytes of Flash programmable and erasable read only memory (PEROM). The device is manufactured using Atmel’s high-density nonvolatile memory technology and is compatible with the industry-standard MCS-51 instruction set and pinout. The on-chip Flash allows the program memory to be reprogrammed in-system or by a conventional nonvolatile memory programmer. By combining a versatile 8-bit CPU with Flash on a monolithic chip, the Atmel AT89C51 is a powerful microcomputer which provides a highly-flexible and cost-effective solution to many embedded control applications. Function characteristic The AT89C51 provides the following standard features: 4K bytes of Flash, 128 bytes of RAM, 32 I/O lines, two 16-bit timer/counters, a five vector two-level interrupt architecture, a full duplex serial port, on-chip oscillator and clock circuitry. In addition, the AT89C51 is designed with static logic for operation down to zero frequency and supports two software selectable power saving modes. The Idle Mode stops the CPU while allowing the RAM, timer/counters, serial port and interrupt system to continue functioning. The Power-down Mode saves the RAM contents but freezes the oscillator disabling all other chip functions until the next hardware reset. Pin Description VCC：Supply voltage. GND：Ground. Port 0： Port 0 is an 8-bit open-drain bi-directional I/O port. As an output port, each pin can sink eight TTL inputs. When 1s are written to port 0 pins, the pins can be used as highimpedance 0 may also be configured to be the multiplexed loworder address/data bus during accesses to external program and data memory. In this mode P0 has internal 0 also receives the code bytes during Flash programming,and outputs the code bytes during programverification. External pullups are required during programverification. Port 1 Port 1 is an 8-bit bi-directional I/O port with internal Port 1 output buffers can sink/source four TTL 1s are written to Port 1 pins they are pulled high by the internal pullups and can be used as inputs. As inputs,Port 1 pins that are externally being pulled low will source current (IIL) because of the internal 1 also receives the low-order address bytes during Flash programming and verification. Port 2 Port 2 is an 8-bit bi-directional I/O port with internal Port 2 output buffers can sink/source four TTL 1s are written to Port 2 pins they are pulled high by the internal pullups and can be used as inputs. As inputs,Port 2 pins that are externally being pulled low will source current, because of the internal 2 emits the high-order address byte during fetches from external program memory and during accesses to external data memory that use 16-bit addresses. In this application, it uses strong internal pullupswhen emitting 1s. During accesses to external data memory that use 8-bit addresses, Port 2 emits the contents of the P2 Special Function 2 also receives the high-order address bits and some control signals during Flash programming and verification. Port 3 Port 3 is an 8-bit bi-directional I/O port with internal Port 3 output buffers can sink/source four TTL 1s are written to Port 3 pins they are pulled high by the internal pullups and can be used as inputs. As inputs,Port 3 pins that are externally being pulled low will source current (IIL) because of the 3 also serves the functions of various special features of the AT89C51 as listed below: Port 3 also receives some control signals for Flash programming and verification. RST Reset input. A high on this pin for two machine cycles while the oscillator is running resets the device. ALE/PROG Address Latch Enable output pulse for latching the low byte of the address during accesses to external memory. This pin is also the program pulse input (PROG) during Flash normal operation ALE is emitted at a constant rate of 1/6 the oscillator frequency, and may be used for external timing or clocking purposes. Note, however, that one ALE pulse is skipped during each access to external Data Memory. If desired, ALE operation can be disabled by setting bit 0 of SFR location 8EH. With the bit set, ALE is active only during a MOVX or MOVC instruction. Otherwise, the pin is weakly pulled high. Setting the ALE-disable bit has no effect if the microcontroller is in external execution mode. PSEN Program Store Enable is the read strobe to external program the AT89C51 is executing code from external program memory, PSEN is activated twice each machine cycle, except that two PSEN activations are skipped during each access to external data memory. EA/VPP External Access Enable. EA must be strapped to GND in order to enable the device to fetch code from external program memory locations starting at 0000H up to FFFFH. Note, however, that if lock bit 1 is programmed, EA will be internally latched on should be strapped to VCC for internal program pin also receives the 12-volt programming enable voltage(VPP) during Flash programming, for parts that require12-volt VPP. XTAL1 Input to the inverting oscillator amplifier and input to the internal clock operating circuit. XTAL2 Output from the inverting oscillator amplifier. Oscillator Characteristics XTAL1 and XTAL2 are the input and output, respectively,of an inverting amplifier which can be configured for use as an on-chip oscillator, as shown in Figure a quartz crystal or ceramic resonator may be used. To drive the device from an external clock source, XTAL2 should be left unconnected while XTAL1 is driven as shown in Figure are no requirements on the duty cycle of the external clock signal, since the input to the internal clocking circuitry is through a divide-by-two flip-flop, but minimum and maximum voltage high and low time specifications must be observed. Figure 1. Oscillator Connections Figure 2. External Clock Drive Configuration Idle Mode In idle mode, the CPU puts itself to sleep while all the onchip peripherals remain active. The mode is invoked by software. The content of the on-chip RAM and all the special functions registers remain unchanged during this mode. The idle mode can be terminated by any enabled interrupt or by a hardware should be noted that when idle is terminated by a hard ware reset, the device normally resumes program execution,from where it left off, up to two machine cycles before the internal reset algorithm takes control. On-chip hardware inhibits access to internal RAM in this event, but access to the port pins is not inhibited. To eliminate the possibility of an unexpected write to a port pin when Idle is terminated by reset, the instruction following the one that invokes Idle should not be one that writes to a port pin or to external memory. Power-down Mode In the power-down mode, the oscillator is stopped, and the instruction that invokes power-down is the last instruction executed. The on-chip RAM and Special Function Registers retain their values until the power-down mode is terminated. The only exit from power-down is a hardware reset. Reset redefines the SFRs but does not change the on-chip RAM. The reset should not be activated before VCC is restored to its normal operating level and must be held active long enough to allow the oscillator to restart and stabilize. Program Memory Lock Bits On the chip are three lock bits which can be left unprogrammed (U) or can be programmed (P) to obtain the additional features listed in the table below. When lock bit 1 is programmed, the logic level at the EA pin is sampled and latched during reset. If the device is powered up without a reset, the latch initializes to a random value, and holds that value until reset is activated. It is necessary that the latched value of EA be in agreement with the current logic level at that pin in order for the device to function properly

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Single-chip microcontroller that micro-computer (Single-Chip Microcomputer) gathering CPU, RAM, ROM, the timing, number and variety of interface integrated microcontrollers. Widely used in various fields. In this paper, the music alarm clock designed by AT89S53 SCM control. The music alarm clock from SCM system is the smallest system and the expansion of LED display circuit and voice circuit. Using single-chip C programming language, can be set to achieve a number of alarm clocks, alarm clocks on time to play music, and showing the date and other functions. This paper introduces the music alarm clock software and hardware design, and design, debugging process of the problems encountered and solutions. The topics designed music alarm system is simple, cost, low-cost, multifunctional, with a very strong sense of practicality. Keywords : music, simple arrangements, clock timing 题目:SCM Application Development-music electronic clock design 希望对您有所帮助，祝您成功！

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