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英语书面表达论文结语模板范文

发布时间:2024-07-07 10:56:37

英语书面表达论文结语模板范文

对人权的思绪总是发生变化,不同的立场,情况和时间,根据心理学家的研究。这个念头时,我们还有的在谈判桌上坐在前排的是来自不同坐在桌子旁边,在朋友家中。作为反合作伙伴,我们应该考虑另一种方式。但是,如果双方带回的友好合作关系的谈判,有一个巨大的机会,以避免误解,很多的绊脚石

高考英语写作书面表达必备模板12篇,让你写的精彩。下面是我给大家整理的高考英语写作书面表达必备模板12篇的相关知识,供大家参阅!

要求考生列举出解决问题的多种途径

1.问题现状

2.怎样解决(解决方案的优缺点)

In recent days, we have to face I problem-----A, which is becoming more and more , ------------(说明A的现状).Second,---------------(举例进一步说明现状)

Confronted with A, we should take a series of effective measures to cope with the situation. For one thing, ---------------(解决方法一). For another -------------(解决方法二). Finally,--------------(解决方法三).

Personally,I believe that -------------(我的解决方法). Consequently, I’m confident that a bright future is a waiting us because --------------(带来的好处).

Recently_______,what amazes us most is______________,it is ture that__________.

There are many main reason is____________________.

what

aresult_______________.

Considering allthere,

thing_____________________,foranother________

Conclusion____________________.

Your address Month, Date, year

Receiver's address

Dear ...,

I am extremely pleased to hear from you./ to see your advertisement for the positionin .... And I would like to write a letter to tell you that.../ I am confidentthat I am suitable for the kind of the job you are advertising.

.../ I feel I am competent to meet therequirements you have listed. On the one hand, .... On the other hand, .... Iam enclosing my resume for your kind consideration and reference.

I shall be much obliged if you will offerme a precious opportunity to an interview. I will greatly appreciate a responsefrom you at your earliest convenience/ I am looking forward to your replies atyour earliest convenience. Best regards for your healthand success.

Sincerely yours,

X X X

As isshown/indicated/illustrated by the figure/percentage in the table(graph/picture/pie/chart),___作文题目的议题_____ has been on rise/ decrease(goesup/increases/drops/decreases),significantly/dramatically/steadilyrising/decreasing from______ in _______ to ______ in _____. From thesharp/marked decline/ rise in the chart, it goes without saying that ________.

There are at least two good reasons accounting for ______. On the one hand, ________. On the other hand, _______is due to the fact that ________. In addition,________ is responsible for _______. Maybe there are some other reasons to show________. But it is generally believed that the above mentioned reasons are commonlyconvincing.

As far as I am concerned, I hold the point of view that _______. I am sure my opinion is both sound and well-grounded.

It is well know to us that the proverb:" ___谚语_______" has a profound significance and value not onlyin our job but also in our study. It means ____谚语的含义_______. The sayingcan be illustrated through a series of examples as follows. ( alsotheoretically )

A case in point is ___例子一, it is goes without saying

that it is of great of importance topractice the proverb ____谚语_____.

With the rapid development of science andtechnology in China, an increasing number of people come to realize that it isalso of practical use to stick to the saying: ____谚语 more we are aware of the significance of this famous saying, the morebenefits we will get in our daily study and job..

Currently, there isa widespread concern over (the issue that)__作文题目 is really an important concern to every one of us. As a result, we must spare no efforts to take some measures to solve this problem.

As we know that there are many steps which can be taken to undo this problem. First of all, __途径一______. In addition, another way contributing to success of the solving problem is ___途径二_____.

Above all, to solve the problem of ___作文题目______, we should find a number of various ways. But as far as I am concerned, I would prefer to solve the problem in this way, that is to say, ____方法_____.

Nowadays,there is a widespread concern over (the issue that)___作文题目 fact, there are both advantages and disadvantages in __题目议题 speaking, it is widely believed there are several positive aspects asfollows. Firstly, ___优点一______. And secondly ___优点二_____. Just as a popular saying goes, "every coin has two sides", __讨论议题______is no exception, and in another word, it still has negative aspects. To beginwith, ___缺点一______. In addition, ____缺点二______.

To sum up, we should try to bring the advantages of __讨论议题____into full play, and reduce the disadvantages to the minimum at the same that case, we will definitely make a better use of the ____讨论议题___.

There is a widespread concern over the issue that __作文题目_____. But it is well known that the opinion concerning this hot topic varies from person to person. A majority of people think that _ 观点一________. In their views there are 2 factors contributing to this attitude as follows: in the first place, ___原因一 more,in the second place, ___原因二_____. So it goes without saying that ___观点一_____.

People, however, differ in their opinions on this matter. Some

people hold the idea that ___观点二_______. In their point of view, on the one hand, ___原因一_______. On the other hand, ____原因二_____. Therefore, there is no doubt that___观点二______.

As far as I am concerned, I firmly support the view that__观点一或二______. It isnot only because ________, but also because _________. The more _______, the more ________.

这种题型往往要求先说明一下现状,再对比事物本身的利弊,有时也会单从一个角度(利或弊)出发,最后往往要求考生表明自己的态度(或对事物前景提出预测)

1.说明事物现状

2.事物本身的优缺点(或一方面)

3.你对现状(或前景)的看法

Nowadays many people prefer A because it has a significant role in our daily , its advantages can be seen as follows. First ----------------(A的优点之一). Besides -------------------(A的优点之二).

But every coin has two sides. The negative aspects are also apparent. One of the important disadvantages is that ----------------(A的第一个缺点).Tomake matters worse,------------------(A的第二个缺点).

Through the above analysis, I believe that the positive aspects overweigh the negative ones. Therefore, I would like to ---------------(我的看法).

(From the comparison between these positive and negative effects of A, we should take it reasonably and do it according to the circumstances we are in. Only by this way, ---------------(对前景的预测).)

要求从一句话或一个主题出发,按照提纲的要求进行论述.

1.阐述名言或主题所蕴涵的意义.

2.分析并举例使其更充实.

The good old proverb ----------------(名言或谚语)reminds usthat ----------------(释义). Indeed, we can learn many things form it.

First of all,-----------------(理由一).For example, -------------------(举例说明). Secondly,----------------(理由二).Another case is that ---------------(举例说明). Furthermore, ------------------(理由三).

In my opinion, ----------------(我的观点).In short, whatever you do, please remember the say------A. If you understand itand apply it to your study or work, you”ll necessarily benefit a lot from it.

(1)要求论述两个对立的观点并给出自己的看法。

1.有一些人认为……

2.另一些人认为……

3.我的看法……

The topic of ①-----------------(主题)is becoming more and more popular recently. There are two sides of opinions about it. Some people say A is their favorite. They hold their view for the reason of②-----------------(支持A的理由

一)What is more, ③-------------理由二). Moreover, ④---------------(理由三). While others think that B is a better choice in the following three (支持B的理由一). Secondly(besides),⑥------------------(理由二). Thirdly (finally),⑦------------------(理由三).

From my point of view, I think ⑧----------------(我的观点). The reason is that ⑨--------------------(原因).As a matter of fact, there are some other reasons to explain my choice. For me,the former is surely a wise choice.

(2)给出一个观点,要求考生反对这一观点

Some people believe that ①----------------(观点一). For example, they think ②-----------------(举例说明).And it will bring them③-----------------(为他们带来的好处).

In my opinion, I never think this reason canbe the point. For one thing,④-------------(我不同意该看法的理由一). For another thing,⑤-----------------(反对的理由之二).

Form all what I have said, I agree to the thought that ⑥------------------(我对文章所讨论主题的看法).

话题一:中学生的爱好与兴趣

Sparetime(业余时间), favorite(最喜欢的), Interest(兴趣),hobby(爱好), appetite(嗜好),taste(口味),read novels(也小说), play football/basketball(打足球/篮球),surf the internet(上网), chat online(在线聊天), play games(玩游戏),collect stamps(集邮), make e-friends(交网友),climb mountains(爬山), watch TV(看电视), enjoypopular music(喜欢流行音乐),be interested in(对…感兴趣),develop an interest in(在…方面发展兴趣), be fondof(喜欢…),be keen on(喜欢…), have lovefor(喜爱…), have a taste in(对…有兴趣)等。

话题二:劳动与劳动观念

Work(工作),be at work(在工作), work hard(努力工作), produce(生产),worker(工人), labor force(劳动力), labor(劳动),voluntary labor(义务劳动),serve the people(为人民服务),heartand soul(全心全意),physical labor(体力劳动), mental labor(脑力劳动),labor viewpoint(劳动观念), labor Day(劳动节), workday(工作日),means of labor(劳动方式), honorable(光荣的),be devoted to(奉献于..), value(价值), earn money(赚钱), personal interests(个人利益)等。

话题三:创建和谐社会

harmonious(和谐的),friendly(友好的), civilized(文明的), honest(真诚的),credible (诚信的), be public-spirited(有公德心的), balanced(平衡的), be in order(有序的), peaceful(和平的),live in harmony(生活和谐), sustainable development(可持续发展)等,help each ether(互助), care for eachother(互相关心), have deep love for (热爱),be concerned with (关心), build(创建), cherish(珍惜),take an active part in(积极参与), pay attention to social moral(讲究社会公德), protect the environment(保护环境), saveenergy(节省能源)等。No pains, nogains. 不劳无获。…can be achieved by hardwok. …可以通过劳动获得。It is difficult to find work in the presentsituation. 在当前形势下,很难找到工作。It is honorable to … …是光荣的。If everyone … for others and the society, our world will be …如果每个人为他人和one

社会做…, 我们这个世界将会…。Every one should… and devotes himself to building our motherland into a strong country.每个人应该 …,为把我们祖国建设成为一个强壮的国家而奉献自己的力量。

话题四:招聘与求职

employ(雇佣),look for(寻找), take in(吸纳), full-time(全职的),part-time(兼职的), well-paid(薪水高的), be paid bythe hour(按小时发工资), requirement(要求), résumé(个人履历),schooling(受教育情况), subjects(课程), working experience(工作经历),qualification(合格证明), transcript (成绩单), health(健康状况),present address(现在通讯地址)等,apply for(申请…),graduate from(毕业于), major in(以…为专业),degree(学位), scholarship(奖学金), good grades(良好的成绩), hobby(爱好), favorite(最喜欢的), be skilledin(在…方面熟练), be good at(擅长…),experienced(有经验的), confident(自信的), English andcomputer ability(英语和计算机能力), healthy(健康的)等。

话题五:中学生的健康问题

Physical and mental condition(身体与精神状态), strong(强壮的),un/healthy(不健康/健康的),overweight/fat(肥胖的), thin(瘦的), near/short-sighted(近视的),mentally unhealthy(精神不健全的), normal(正常的), abnormal(不正常的),energetic(精力旺盛的), unhealthy eating habit(不健康的饮食习惯), eat much junk food (吃太多的垃圾食品)等,Stay/keephealthy/fit(保持健康), build up one’s body/ improve one’s' health(强身健体),enough sleep(充足的睡眠), take regular exercise(进行有规律的运动), roper diet(合理的饮食), goodliving habits(良好的生活习惯), lose weight(减肥), remove heavyburdens(减轻负担), be good for/do good to(对…有益处),nutrition(营养), go on diet(节食), form a …eating habit(养成一个…的饮食习惯) Breathe inas much fresh air等。

话题六:环境保护

Pollute(污染),Wasteis scattering here and there.(到处撒满了废弃物),protect the environment(保护环境),send out smoke and poisonous gases into the air(散发出烟和有毒气体),cut down trees(砍伐树木),pour waste water into the rivers(把废水注入河流),It is a shame to throw rubbish around. (乱扔垃圾是可耻的),form good habits to protect the surroundings(养成良好的习惯来保护环境), take active measures to protect rare animals(采取积极措施保护稀有动物), take good care of our forests(关心我们的森林),plant more trees to improve the environment (多植来改善环境),The terrible pollution have done great harm to us as wellas to the surroundings. (可怕的污染已经给我们自己还有我们的环境带来了很大的危害。)

话题七:校园文明与安全问题

Schoolrules and regulations(学校规章制度),obey(遵守), observe(遵

守),keep/observe discipline(遵守纪律), behave well(表现良好),be neatlydressed(穿戴整洁), respect one’s teachers and parents(尊敬师长),be on time(准时), keep the environment clean(保持环境干净), civilized(文明的) break the rules(违反规章制度), discipline(纪律), spit(吐痰), throw rubbisheverywhere(乱扔垃圾), cheat in the exam(考试作弊),get in line (插队), fight with sb.(与…打架),punish sb. for (因…处罚某人)等。The students are told not to break any of therules of the school. 学校要求学生不要违反任何规章制度。The students are expected to… 学校期望学生…。It must be made clear that the students should… 必须明确的一点是,学生应该…。 … is of no good to a friendly andharmonious society. …对创建友好和谐的社会是毫无益处的。It is honorable to obey the principles andrules of our school.遵守学校的规章制度是光荣的。It is worthy of praise to ... …是值得表扬的。It is shameful to … …是可耻的。Whatwe should do is that … 我们应该做的事情是…

话题八:友谊

getto know sb.(认识某人), know sb. really well(熟知某人),make friends with sb.(和某人交朋友), a strong personality (一个很强的个性), personal matters(隐私), friendship(友谊), friendly(友好的), a close friend(一个亲密的朋友), trust each other (相互信任),precious(珍贵的), worthy(有价值的), understanding(通情达理的),share …with sb.(与…分享…), be loyal to(对…忠诚),keep in touch with sb. (与…保持联系), keep company with sb.(和…结交),stay best friends with sb. (和…保持很好的友谊)等。在描述此话题时常用的句型有:

1. Friends give us … 朋友给予我们…。

2. A good friend is someone you can… 一位好朋友就是一个我们能够…的人。

3. The first time I met …, he was… 当我第一次遇到…的时候,他…。

4. Friendship plays an important part in… 友谊在…中扮演一个重要角色。

5. You can … to be a goodfriend. 你可以…来成为别人的好朋友。

6. We can turn to ... when we feeldown. 当我们心情糟糕时,可以求助于…。

7. … makes a goodfriend. …成就好朋友。

8. A friend in need is a friend indeed. 患难见真知。

9. ... is one of the things people value most in a friend.

… 是人们在朋友身上最重视的东西。

10. … have a friend of … years with sb. … 与… 有着…年的友情。

初中英语书面表达论文题目

关于高效课堂的或者学生自主学习的都可以。或是专题,关于预习,导入新课的模式,作业的设置等,范围越小越好,越具体越好。

对专业也没有要求的吗?

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学术堂整理了十五个不错的英语教学论文题目,供大家进行参考:1、小学高年段学生英语阅读能力研究2、初一英语语音意识、句法意识、工作记忆与英语阅读的关系3、小学高年段基于故事的英语阅读教学研究4、教学行动研究在高一英语阅读教学中的应用5、小学高年级英语阅读教学策略研究6、高一学生英语阅读策略研究7、浑源中学高二学生英语阅读现状调查8、从整体语言教学和字母拼音教学看我国小学英语阅读教学9、多元智能理论在小学英语阅读教学中的应用10、高三学生英语阅读策略运用状况调查与研究11、美国小学母语教材Reading Street之研究12、汉语儿童英汉语语音意识和英语单词认读能力的关系13、通过英语图画书提高小学低年级学生阅读效果的研究14、突破心理障碍,让学生爱上英语阅读——小学英语教学中突破阅读难关之我见15、小学英语教学中应用朗读方法的研究

即兴口语表达结课论文模板

方法如下:

(1) 论文标题-所有科学论文都有标题,不能“无标题”。论文题目一般在20字左右。主题的大小应与内容一致。

(2) 论文-签署的科学论文应由真实姓名和实际工作单位签署。主要体现责任归属和成就归属,便于后人跟踪学习。

(3) 论文-导言是论文中引人入胜的词语。写得好是很重要的。一篇好的论文介绍通常可以让读者了解你工作的发展过程以及你在这个研究方向上的位置。

(4) 论文-材料和方法按照规定,如实书写实验对象、设备、动物和试剂及其规格,书写实验方法、指标、判断标准、实验设计、分组、统计方法,这些论文可以按照杂志的规定提交。

(5) 论文-实验结果应高度总结、仔细分析和逻辑呈现。我们应该去粗去精,去假存真,但我们不能主观选择,因为这不符合我们自己的意图,更不用说采取欺诈手段了。

只有在技术不熟练或仪器不稳定期间获得的数据、在技术故障或操作错误期间获得的数据以及在不满足实验条件时获得的数据才能被丢弃。

(6) 论文讨论是论文的重点和难点。要放眼全局,抓住主要争议问题,从感性认识提高到理性认识。应对实验结果进行分析和推理,不得重复实验结果。我们应该集中讨论国内外相关文献中的结果和观点,以展示我们自己的观点,尤其是不应该避免相反的观点。

(7) 论文-结论或结论论文的结论应写清楚可靠的结果和结论。论文的内容要简洁,可以一篇接一篇地写。不要使用含糊不清的词语,如“摘要”。

(8) 这是论文中一个非常重要和有问题的部分。列出论文参考文献的目的是让读者了解论文研究命题的背景,这很容易找到。同时,它也尊重前人的劳动,有着准确的定位。

一篇论文几乎从头到尾都需要引用参考文献。例如,在论文的引言中应引用最重要和直接相关的文献;方法中应引用所采用或参考的方法;在结果中,有时应引用与文献比较的数据;讨论中应引用与论文相关的各种支持或矛盾的结果或观点。

(9) 论文-导师、技术助理、特殊试剂或设备供应商、财务赞助者和提出重要建议的人是感谢的对象。书面致谢应当真诚、真实,不得庸俗。不要笼统地表示感谢,不要只感谢教授,还要感谢其他人。在写论文之前,你应该得到被感谢者的同意。你不能像拉虎皮一样拉大旗。

(10) 论文摘要:用200字左右的篇幅简要总结全文。总是把文章放在开头。摘要需要仔细书写,并具有吸引力。

结构

论文一般由

名称、作者、摘要、关键词、正文、参考文献和附录等部分组成,其中部分组成(例如附录)可有可无。

要求准确、简练、醒目、新颖。

目录

目录是论文中主要段落的简表。(短篇论文不必列目录)

内容提要

是文章主要内容的摘录,要求短、精、完整。

关键词定义

关键词是从论文的题名、提要和正文中选取出来的,是对表述论文的中心内容有实质意义的词汇。关键词是用作计算机系统标引论文内容特征的词语,便于信息系统汇集,以供读者检索。每篇论文一般选取3-8个词汇作为关键词,另起一行,排在“提要”的左下方。

主题词是经过规范化的词,在确定主题词时,要对论文进行主题分析,依照标引和组配规则转换成主题词表中的规范词语。

结课论文由封面、摘要、正文、展望(或总结)以及参考文献组成,具体格式如下:

1、封面写学号、学生姓名、班级、学院名称以及论文题目。

2、次页写上摘要跟关键词。

摘要:摘要是对你写的全文内容的高度概括,而不是简单的前言,100-300字即可。

关键词:关键词是你全文中出现频率最高的3-5个词语。

3、写论文正文,1500-3000字左右。

4、写上展望(或总结)。

5、最后写上参考文献。

一般结课论文不要求太长,可以选择不去看学位论文,因为学位论文对于结课论文来说篇幅过于长,研究内容描述也过于复杂。可以看只有一两页的期刊论文,这类论文由于版面有限比较精简,篇幅也很适合写结课论文。

结课论文的意义:

结课论文作为检查学生运用理论解决实际问题能力检查学生综合水平措施的功能是众所周知的。结课论文的写作更是一个过程、一种训练,是培养学生阅读能力、分析能力、写作能力、创新能力的过程,是对学生掌握所学基础理论、专业技术知识的功底、分析问题的能力及书面语言的表达水平的一种综合训练。

因此,应该把结课论文这一实践性教学环节当成一门课,当成整个教学过程中的一个组成部分,看成培养学生综合能力的过程。

平时多加练习吧,有的人可能会去洛基 英语锤炼自己,有的人可能会每天在家自我提升,总之,多掌握一些基础的口语知识,做到脑子里有货,这样在您用的时候就能做到信手拈来,另外,多与人进行口语沟通,一是锻炼您的勇气,把口语表达当作一种习惯,另外是锻炼您的口语表达的思维能力,思维能力强了,即兴口语表达能力自然也会变强。

即兴口语就是指生活中的口语表达,以即兴为多。临场因事而发、因景而发或因情而发。

语言表达能力是指在口头语言(说话、演讲、作报告)及书面语言(回答申论问题、写文章)的过程中运用字、词、句、段的能力,二者均以语言为基础媒介,虽然书面语言可以是对口头语言的归纳总结,但是两者并无直接关系,口才不好不一定笔才也不好。

语言表达能力具体指用词准确,语意明白,结构妥贴,语句简洁,文理贯通,语言平易,合乎规范,能把客观概念表述得清晰、准确、连贯、得体,没有语病。

扩展资料:

口语灵活多变,多因场合与发言者不同而被自由使用。因为发言者与听者同在现场,有时这种发挥不但不影响听者理解,反能更生动地体现发言者心态,或使语言简洁化。与口语相对,书面语是在口语的基础上发展出来的,用于书面表达的语言。口语成为书面语言后则比较固定,语法更严谨,有利于准确地流传。

经过一段时间后口语和书面语差别就有加剧的趋向,原因是口语不断随时间与地方而变化,而书面语相对稳定。经过教育的人会从书面语学习采纳严谨的语法用于口语,而书面语经过一段时间后也需要改变以适应口语的变化,否则懂书面语的人会越来越少。语言学家从书面语文献和现代口语的差别中可以研究语言的历史发展变化。

中学英语书面表达论文参考文献

英语教学论文参考文献「汇总」

篇一

1.柯东霞(2005).交流与互动一一英语课堂教学模式的主旋律.全国教育科研“十五”成果论文集(第二卷).

2.曹逸韵(2012).浅析二语习得研究中的输入假说与互动假说.《琼州学院学报》(4).

3.付凤文(2000).分阶段听力教学.《国外外语教学》(2).

4.方子纯(2006).语篇宏观结构分析与听力教学.《外语电化教学》(8).

5.卢仁顺(2002).“输出假设”研究对我国英语教学的启示.《外语与外语教学》(4).

6.陈丽清(2010).新的英语教学模式--民主与互动性教学.《语言与文化研究》(第六辑).

7.梁岁林(2004).图式理论下的听力课新型教学模式的运用.《新疆师范大学学报》(1).

8.董明(2004).大学英语课堂“生生互动”模式初探.《外语与外语教学》(5).

9.金海玉(2012).浅析语言输入、互动、输出假说与二语习得的关系.《海外英语》(18).

10.方申萍(2000).第二语言听力理解中的学习策略培训.《国外外语教学》(4).

11.沈昌洪.刘喜文.季忠民(2010).《第二语言习得导论》(英文版).北京:北京大学出版社.

12.宫力(2010).《交互式语言教学研究》.北京:人民教育出版社.

13.顾伟勤(2010).论“互动假说”的.发展与局限.《外语学刊》(5).

14.何培芬(2003).解码理论在大学英语听力中的应用.《外语电化教学》(12).

15.李慧敏(2006).从图式理论看大学英语听力教学.《北京第二外国语学院学报》(外语版)(8).

16.刘玉红(2010).英语课堂教学生生互动模式管窥.《教学与管理》(9).

17.李燕.贾放(2001).“互动假说”与语言课堂教学互动策略及效用研究.《语言文字应用》(S1).

18.吕玉明(2000).改进听力教学的三个环节.《首都师范大学学报》(社会科学版)(S2).

19.穆育凤(2002).《新视野大学英语》教学中课堂互动环节的设计.《外语电化教学》⑵.

20.邱采真(2002).试论互动在第二语言习得中的作用.《高等函授学报》(哲学社会科学版)(15).

篇二

1.张霞,2012,基于语料库的中国高级英语学习者词块使用研究。北京:科学出版社。

2.解亚梅,2006, EFL词块法及其对写作成绩的影响。重庆大学硕士论文。

3.蔡文利,2009,词块与语言输出。上海外国语大学硕士论文。

4.解亚梅,2006, EFL词块法及其对写作成绩的影响。重庆大学硕士论文。

5.黄燕,2008,高中英语写作中词块使用的调查研究。江西师范大学硕士论文。

6.段士平,2008,国内二语语块教学研究述。《中国外语》,第24期。

7.卫乃兴,2004,中国学习者英语口语语料库初始研究。《现代外语》,第2期。

8.王朝银,2012,创新设计导学案:英语必修1.西安:陕西人民出版社。

9.张含玉,2008,中学英语语块教学研究。首都师范大学硕士论文。普通高中课程标准实验教科书英语必修。北京:人民教育出版社。

英文论文写作参考文献

参考文献是文章或著作等写作过程中参考过的文献,文后参考文献是指为撰写或编辑论文和著作而引用的有关文献信息资源。

[1]AgranoflF, R. and Michael,M., 2003,“Collaborative Public Management; New Stiategies for Local Governments”, Geo^etown University Press,Washington,D. C.

[2]Aguinis, H. and Glavas, A., 2012, “What We Know and Don't Know About Corporate Social Responsibility: A Review and Research Agenda”,Journal of Management, 38(4),pp. 932-968.

[3]Altman, E.,1998' “Financial Ratio,Discriminant Analysis and the Prediction of Corporate Banlruptcy”? Journal of Finance, 23(4),pp. 589-609.

[4]Arenas, D.,Lozano,J. M. and Albareda,L.,2009,“The role ofNGOs in CSR:Mutual Perceptions Among Stakeholders”, Journal of Business Ethics,88,pp. 175-197.

[5]Aupperie, K., Carroll, A. and Hatfield,J.,1985,“An Empirical Examination of the Relationship between Corporate Social Responsibility and Profitability”,Academy of Management Journal, 28(2), pp. 446-463.

[6]Austin, J. E.,2000,“Strategic collaboration between nonprofits between businesses”, Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 29(1), pp. 69-97.

[7]Baron,D. R, 1997,Integrated strategy* trade Policy, and global competition'California Management Review? 39(2), pp. 145-169.

[8]Baron,R. A., 2006, “Opportunity Recognition as the Detection of Meaningful Patterns: Evidence from Comparisons of Novice and Experienced Entrepreneurs”?Management Science, 9,pp. 1331-1344.

[9]Baiy, A. D?,1879,: “Die Erscheinung der Symbiose”, Strasbourg.

[10] Kotha, B. ., 1999,“Does Stakeholder Orientation Matter? The Relationship Between Stakeholder Management Models and Firm Performance”. Academy ofManagement Jounal, 42,pp. 488-506.

[11]Binghamf C. B. and Davis,J. P.,2012, “Learning Sequences: Their Emeigence? Evolution and Effect”. Academy of Management Journal 55(3), pp. 611-641.

[12]Blumer, H. , 1980, “Mead and Blumer : The Convei^ent Methodological Perspectives of Social Behaviorism and Symbolic Interactionism”,AmericanSociological Review, 45,pp. 409-419.

[13]Bondy,K.,2008,“The Paradox of Power in CSR : A Case Study on Implementation”. Journal of Business Ethics? 82(2),pp. 307-323.

[14]Bowen, F.,Aloysius. N. K. and Herremans,I.,2010,“When Suits Meet Roots:The Antecedents and Consequences of Community Engagement Strategy”, Journal of Business Ethics, 95,pp. 297-318 ?

[15]Brammer,S, and Millington,A., 2003, “The Effect of Stakeholder Preferences >Organizational Structure and Industry Type on Corporate Community Involvement”,Journal of Business Ethics,45(3)? pp. 213-226.

[16]Bridoux, F. and Stoelhorst, J. W.,2014, “Microfoundations for Stakeholder Theoiy : Managing Stakeholders with Heterogeneous Motives” , Strategic Management Joumah 35, pp. 107-125

[17]Bryson, J. M., Crosby, B. C, and Stone? M. M.,2006, “The Design and Implementation of Cross-Sector Collaborations: Propositions from the Literature”,Public Administration Review, 66(sl)。

[18]Carey, J. M.,Beilin, R., Boxshall,A.,Burgman M. A. and Flander , “Risk-Based Approaches to Deal with Uncertainty in a Data-Poor System:Stakeholder Involvement in Hazard Identification for Marine National Parks and Marine Sanctuaries in Victoria,Australia”, Risk Analysis: An International Journal,27(1),pp. 271-281,

[19]Carroll> A. B., 1979, “A TTiree-Dimensional conceptual Model of Corporate Performance”. Academy of Management Review, 4(4), pp. 497-505.

[20] Carroll, A. B?,1991,“The Pyramid of Corporate Social Responsibility: Toward the Moral Management of Organizational Stakeholders”. Business Horizons,34(4),pp. 39-48.

[1] Zhixin W, Chuanwen J, Qian A, et al. The key technology of offshore wind farm and its new development in China[J]. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2009, 13(1):216-222.

[2] Shahir H, Pak A. Estimating liquefaction-induced settlement of shallow foundations by numerical approach[J]. Computers and Geotechnics, 2010, 37(3): 267-279.

[3] Hausler EA. Influence of ground improvement on settlement and liquefaction:a study based on field case history evidence and dynamic geotechnicalcentrifuge tests. PhD dissertation, University of California, Berkeley; 2002.

[4] Kemal Hac efendio lu. Stochastic seismic response analysis of offshore wind turbine including fluid‐structure‐soil interaction[J]. Struct. Design Tall Spec. Build.,2010,

[5] Arablouei A, Gharabaghi A R M, Ghalandarzadeh A, et al. Effects of seawater–structure–soil interaction on seismic performance of caisson-type quay wall[J]. Computers &Structures, 2011, 89(23): 2439-2459.

[6] Zafeirakos A, Gerolymos N. On the seismic response of under-designed caisson foundations[J]. Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, 2013: 1-36.

[7] Snyder B, Kaiser M J. Ecological and economic cost-benefit analysis of offshore wind energy[J]. Renewable Energy, 2009, 34(6): 1567-1578.

[8] Ding H, Qi L, Du X. Estimating soil liquefaction in ice-induced vibration of bucket foundation[J]. Journal of cold regions engineering, 2003, 17(2): 60-67.

[9] Shooshpasha I, Bagheri M. The effects of surcharge on liquefaction resistance of silty sand[J]. Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 2012: 1-7.

[10] Bhattacharya S, Adhikari S. Experimental validation of soil–structure interaction of offshore wind turbines[J]. Soil dynamics and earthquake engineering, 2011, 31(5): 805-816.

[11] H. Bolton Seed, Izzat M. Idriss. Simplified procedure for evaluating soilliquafaction potential. Journal of the Soil Mechanics and Foundations Division. 1971,97(9): 1249-1273

[12] W. D. Liam Finn, Geoffrey , Kwok . An effective stress model for liquefaction. Journal of the Geotechnical Engineering Division, 1977, 103(6):517-533

[13] liquefaction and Cyclic Mobility Evolution for Level Ground During Earthquakes, J of the Geotechnical Engineering Division ASCE , 1979,

[14] and Cyclic Deformation of Sands-A Critical Review,Proceedings of the Fifth Pan American Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering,Buenos Aires,Argentina,1975.

[1] T. Paulay and J. R. Binney. Diagonally Reinforced coupling beams of shear Walls[S].ACI Special Publication 42, Detroit, 1974, 2: 579-598

[2] Lam WY, Su R K L, Pam H J. Experimental study of plate-reinforced composite deep coupling beams[J]. Structural Design Tall Special Building, 2009(18): 235-257

[3] ACI 318-02: Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete, ACI318R-02:Commentary, An ACI Standard, reported by ACI Com-mittee318, American Concete Institute, 2002

[4] Siu W H, Su R K L. Effects of plastic hinges on partial interaction behaviour of bolted side-plated beams[J]. Journal of Construction Steel Research, 2010, 66(5):622-633

[5] Xie Q. State of the art of buckling-restrained braces inAsia[J]. Journal of Construction Steel Research, 2005, 61(6):727-748

[6] Kim J,Chou H. Behavior and design of structures with buckling-restrained braces[J].Structural Engineering, 2004,26(6):693-706

[7] Tsai K C, Lai J W. A study of buckling restrained seismic braced frame[J].Structural Engineering, Chinese Society of Structural Engineering, 2002, 17(2):3-32

[8] Patrick J. Fortney, Bahrem M. Shahrooz, Gian A. Rassati. Large-Scale Testing of a Replaceable “Fuse” Steel Coupling Beam[J]. Journal of Structural 2007:1801-1807

[9] Qihong Zhao. Cyclic Behavior of traditional and Innovative Composite Shear Walls[J]. Journal of Structural Engineering, Feb. 2004:271-284

根据学术堂的了解,参考文献是英语论文的重要组成部分,也是编辑加工和重要内容。接下来就为大家介绍英语论文参考文献格式要求,欢迎阅读。I.文内引用(一)直接引用1.引用中的省略原始资料的引用:在正文中直接引用时,应给出作者、年份,并用带括号的数字标出页码。若有任何资料省略,使用英文时,应用3个省略号在句中标出(…),中文用6个(……);若两句间的资料省略,英文应用4个省略号标出(‥‥),中文用6个(……)。若要在直接引用插入自己的解释,应使用方括号[ ]。若在资料中有什么错误拼写、错误语法或标点错误会使读者糊涂,应在引用后立即插入[sic],中文用[原文如此]。下面是一些示例:例一:The DSM IV defines the disorder [dysthymic] as being in a chronically depressed mood that occurs for "most of the day more days than not for at least two years (Criterion A) .... In children, the mood may be irritable rather than depressed, and the required minimum duration is only one year" (APA, 1994, p. 345).例二:Issac (1995) states that bipolar disorder "is not only uncommon but may be the most diagnostic entity in children and adolescents in similar settings .... and may be the most common diagnosis in adolescents who are court-remanded to such settings" ().2.大段落引用当中文引用超过160字时,不使用引号,而使用“块”的形式(引用起于新的一行,首行缩进4个空格,两端对齐,之后每行都缩进)。当英文引用超过40字时,不使用引号,而使用“块”的形式(引用起于新的一行,首行缩进5个空格,左对齐,之后每行都缩进)。Elkind (1978) states:In general, our findings support Piaget's view that perceptionsas well as intelligence are neither entirely inborn nor entirely innate but are rather progressively constructed through the gradual development of perceptual regulations. The chapter has also attempted to demonstrate the applicability of Piaget's theory to practical issues by summarizing some research growing out of an analysis of beginning reading. ()(二)间接引用1.基本格式同作者在同一段中重复被引用时,第一次必须写出日期,第二次以后则日期可省略。a.英文文献:In a recent study of reaction times, Walker (2000) described the method…Walker also found…。b.中文文献:李福印(2004)提出概念隐喻的重要性,…;李福印同时建议…。2. 单一作者a. 英文文献:姓氏(出版或发表年代)或(姓氏,出版或发表年代)。例如:Porter (2001)…或…(Porter, 2001)。b. 中文文献:姓名(出版或发表年代)或(姓名,出版或发表年代)。例如:杨惠中(2011)…或…(杨惠中,2011)。3.两个作者英文引用时,在圆括号内使用两名作者的姓氏,并使用“&”来连接,在正文中,使用“and”连接两名作者。中文引用时,在圆括号内使用两名作者的姓名,并用顿号“、”来连接,在正文中,使用 “和”、“与”、“及”等字连接两名作者。例如:(Smith & Jones, 1994), or Smith and Jones (1994) found....In 1994 Smith and Jones researched.... Always cite both names in text.陈国华和田兵(2008)认为…或…(陈国华、田兵,2008)4.三至五个作者英文第一次引用参考资料时,列出所有的作者的姓氏,除最后一名作者之前在正文中使用逗号加“and”、在圆括号内使用逗号加“&”连接外,之前的其他作者之间使用逗号“,”;之后引用时,英文用第一个作者的姓随之以“et al.”。中文第一次引用参考资料时,列出所有作者的姓名,除最后两名作者之间用“和”连接外,之前的其他作者之间使用顿号“、”;之后引用时,用第一名作者加“等”字。例如:Strasburger, Jorgensen, and Randles (1996) found differences.... (第一次使用).Strasburger et al. (1996) also created tests.... (在段落中第二次使用).Starsburger et al. found discrepancies.... (在同一段落中再次使用,此时省略年份).卫乃兴、李文中与濮建忠(2005)指出…或…(卫乃兴、李文中、濮建忠,2005)。(第一次使用)卫乃兴等(2005)指出…或…(卫乃兴等,2005)。(第二次使用)5.六个作者及以上使用英文时,只用第一个人的姓氏加“et al.”;使用中文时,只列出第一名作者的姓名,再加上“等”。例如:Pouliquen et al. (2003)……或……(Pouliquen et al., 2003)王洪俊等(2007)…或…(王洪俊等,2007)6.团体作者使用中文时,第一次用全称,比如,(首都师范大学教育科学学院[首师大教科院],2001);之后可以用简称,比如,首师大教科院(2001)的调查表明……。使用英文时,第一次引用时,拼出团体,比如, (National Institute of Mental Health [NIMH], 1996);以后用团体缩写加年份表示,比如,The NIMH (1996) examined....。7.没有作者的文献当一部作品没有作者时,在文中引用参考文献目录单中的前几个字(通常是标题)和年份。比如,一项关于成年人抑郁症的调查(“Study Finds”, 1997)报告……。当某作品的作者列为“Anonymous”、中文使用“匿名”或“无名氏”时,英文引用时用“Anonymous”加逗号及年份,即(Anonymous, 1997),中文用“匿名”加逗号及年份,即(匿名,1997)。8.英文文献作者姓氏相同英文文献作者姓氏相同时,相同姓氏之作者于论文中引用时均引用全名,以避免混淆。例如:R. D. Luce (1995) and G. E. Luce (1988)…。9.多篇文献a. 多篇文献,同一作者若一作者有多篇你想引用的文献,只需用逗号“,”来区隔作品的发表年份(最早到最晚依序排列)。若多篇文献在同一年内发表,请在年份后面加上a、b、c……等标注。(按:abc的使用需与参考文献部分有所对应,而这些文献的编排以标题名称的字母来决定。)例如:1)A recent study found a possible genetic cause of alcoholism (Pauling, 2004, 2005a, 2005b).2)Pauling (2004, 2005a, 2005b) conducted a study that discovered a possible genetic cause of alcoholismb.多篇文献,多位作者文献依姓氏字母(笔画)、出版年代等顺序排列,不同作者之间用分号“;”分开,相同作者不同年代之文献用逗号“,” 分开。例如:…(Pautler, 1992; Razik & Swanson, 1993a, 1993b)。例如:…(董伟,2010;周音,2011a,2011b)。

英语作文表达观点议论文模板

由于英语作文考查的是学生词汇、语法、句式等各种知识的掌握情况,因此学生要写好英语作文,就必须全面掌握英语知识。下面,是我为你整理的高中英语作文议论文模板,希望对你有帮助!

第1段:Recently we’ve had a discussion about whether we should... (导入话题)

Our opinions are divided on this topic.(观点有分歧) 正文:

第2段:Most of the students are in favour of it.(正方观点)

Here are the reasons. First... Second... Finally...(列出2~3个赞成的理由)

第3段:However, the others are strongly against it. (反方观点)

Their reasons are as follows. In the first place... What’s more... In addition...(列出2~3个反对的理由) 结论:

第4段:Personally speaking, the advantages overweigh the disadvantages, for it will do us more harm than good, so I support it.(个人观点)

第1段:Some people hold the opinion that A is superior to B in many ways. Others, however, argue that B is much better. Personally, I would prefer A because I think A has more advantages. 正文:

第2段:There are many reasons why I prefer A. The main reason is that ... Another reason is

that...(赞同A的原因)

第3段: Of course, B also has advantages to some extent... (列出1~2个B的优势) 结论:

第4段: But if all these factors are considered, A is much better than B. From what has been discussed above, we may finally draw the conclusion that ...(得出结论) オ 3.观点论述类议论文模板: 导入:

第1段:提出一种现象或某个决定作为议论的话题 As a student, I am strongly in favour of the decision. (亮明自己的观点是赞成还是反对)

The reasons for this may be listed as follows. (过渡句,承上启下) 正文:

第2段:First of all... Secondly... Besides...(列出2~3个赞成或反对的理由) 结论:

第3段:In conclusion, I believe that... (照应第1段,构成"总—分—总"结构)

4."How to"类议论文模板:

导入:

第1段:提出一种现象或某种困难作为议论的话题 正文:

第2段:Many ways can help to solve this serious problem, but the following may be most effective. First of all... Another way to solve the problem is ... Finally...(列出2~3个解决此类问题的办法) 结论:

第3段:These are not the best but the only two/ three measures we can take. But it should be noted that we should take action to...(强调解决此类问题的根本方法)

第1段:提出一种现象或某个决定作为议论的话题 As a student, I am strongly in favour of the decision. (亮明自己的观点是赞成还是反对)

The reasons for this may be listed as follows. (过渡句,承上启下) 正文:

第2段:First of all... Secondly... Besides...(列出2~3个赞成或反对的理由) 结论:

第3段:In conclusion, I believe that... (照应第1段,构成"总—分—总"结构) 4."How to"类议论文模板:

导入:

第1段:提出一种现象或某种困难作为议论的话题 正文:

第2段:Many ways can help to solve this serious problem, but the following may be most effective. First of all... Another way to solve the problem is ... Finally...(列出2~3个解决此类问题的办法) 结论:

第3段:These are not the best but the only two/ three measures we can take. But it should be noted that we should take action to...(强调解决此类问题的根本方法)

英语作文的提高是个难点,如何让同学们在高考考场发挥出自己的英语作文水平,写出较符合要求的佳作,需要平时的点滴的积累。下面,是我为你整理的高中英语观点类作文模板,希望对你有帮助!

高中英语观点类作文模板:正反观点论述类作文模板

导入:

第1段:(导入话题)

(观点有分歧)

正文:

第2段:Most of the students are in favour of it.(正方观点)

.(列出2~3个赞成的理由)

第3段:However, the others are strongly against it. (反方观点)

(列出2~3个反对的理由)

结论:

第4段: (个人观点)

高中英语观点类作文模板:观点论述类议论文模板

导入:

第1段:提出一种现象或某个决定作为议论的话题

As a student, I am strongly in favour of the decision . (亮明自己的观点是赞成还是反对)

The reasons for this may be listed as follows. (过渡句,承上启下)

正文:

第2段:First of all... Secondly... Besides...(列出2~3个赞成或反对的理由)

结论:

第3段:In conclusion, I believe that... (照应第1段,构成"总—分—总"结构)

高中英语观点类作文模板:段首句

1 No one can doubt the essential fact that over the last years has caused wide public concern all over the world. 人 in increasing numbers are beginning to believe that [来源:学科网]

没有人能否认这一重要事实:最近几年??问题在全世界受到了普遍关注。越来越多的??开始相信这种状况将

2 There is a general debate today over the phenomenon of ————————

3 When it comes to education,------- ---------------说到~~~

4 There’s no denying the fact that...-----------.事实不容否认----------

5 ______ has become a hot topic among people,especially among the young and heated debates are right on their way. …已成为人的关注的热门话题,特别是在年青人当中,将引发激烈的辩论。

6 There is no denying that the qualities of our living have gone from bad to worse.

无可否认,我们的生活品质已经每况愈下。

7 There is no doubt that our educational system leaves something to be desired.

毫无疑问,我们的教育制度令人不满意。

8 Rich as our country is, the qualities of our living are by no means satisfactory.

虽然我们的国家很富有,但是我们的生活质量却令人很不满意。

9 .It go es without saying that... 不用说...(意思是:论述的内容是显而易见的)[来源:]

意见分歧

1 No invention has received more praise and abuse than Internet.

没有一项发明像互联网一样同时受到如此多的赞扬和批评。

2 ______ has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day has brought us a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well. ……在我们的日常生活中起着越来越重要的作用,它给我们带来了许多好处,但同时也引发一些严重的问题。

3 Many people believe that-------- produce positive effects on economic growth and local government should be encouraged to promote-----------------------

4 People differ in their attitudes towards failure. Faced with it, some of them ------. Others, however,-------人们对失败持有不同的态度。面对失败,有人------,。然而,另一些人却------

5 To average people, they often tend to live under the illusion that——————, is this really the case?对于一般人来说,他们常常以为————,然而这是真的吗?

6 There is a growing tendency for sb to ----越来越多的人••

——人——seem to tend to have an unfavorable attitude toward —————

7 An increasing number of experts believe that ?will exert positive effects on———

However, this opinion is now being questioned by more and more ------who complain that ———have brought many serious problems越来越多的 --相信-----起到积极作用。然而,越来越多的----却怀疑这种说法,他们抱怨--了许多严重的问题

8 What calls for special attention is that...需要引起特别注意的是...

科技发展:

With the op ening and reform policy being carried out, thousands upon thousands of foreign visitors are crowding into our country. They are eager to see this old mysterious land with a splendid culture of more than 5,000years.?I

随着改革开放政 策的贯彻执行,数以万计的外国游人涌入中国。他们渴望参观这个有着5000多年灿烂文化的神秘古国。

In the last decades, advances in medical technology have made it possible for people to live longer than in the past.在过去的几十年,先进的医疗技术已经使得人们比过去活的时间更长成为可能。

human had made extraordinary progress in knowledge and technology over the recent decades.

高中英语观点类作文模板:中间段落句

1 ---人---tend to have a favorable attitude toward ------

2 Using bicycle contributes greatly to people’s physical fitness as well as easing traffic jams.

使用自行车有助于人们的身体健康,并极大地缓解了交通阻塞。

3 The harder you work, the more progress you make.你越努力,你越进步。

4 Many people seem to overlook the basic fact:许多人似乎忽视了这个基本事实:

5 Listening to music enables us to feel relaxed.听音乐能使我们放松。

6 On no account can we ignore the value of knowledge

我们绝对不能忽视知识的价值。

7 There is no one but longs 人们都希望------

8 So precious is time that we can’t afford to waste it.时间是如此珍贵,我们不能浪费它。

高中英语观点类作文模板:结尾句

From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that, although ——indeed bring us many obvious advantages, its disadvantages shouldn’t be ignored and far outweigh its advantages. 通过以上讨论,我们可以得出结论:尽管----很多优点,但它的缺点不可忽视,且远大于它的优点。

From what has been discussed above, we may reasonably arrive at the conclusion that____

.综上所述,我们可以清楚地得出结论……

It is difficult to say whether _____is good or not in general as it depends very much on the situation of______. However, from a personal point of view,I find----

在总体上很难说……是好还是坏,因为它在很大程度上取决于……的形势。然而,就我个人而言,我发现…

个人观点:

As for me, I’m in favor of the opinion that ———for the following reasons:

就我而言,我同意 观点。

As far as I am concerned, I agree with the latter opinion to some extent. I think that ____.

I fully agree with the statement that ______ because______.

完全同意……这种观点(陈述),主要理由如下:

But ______and ______have their own advantages. For example, _____, while_____. Comparing this with that, however, I prefer to______.

但是,……和……都有它们各自的优势(好处)。例如,……,而……。然而,把这两者相比较,我更倾向于(喜欢)……

号召:

In a word, the whole society should pay close attention to the problem of in this way can ______in the future.

总而言之,整个社会应该密切关注……这个问题。只有这样,我们才能在将来……

随着社会的发展,……。因此,迫切需要……。如果每个人都愿为社会贡献自已的一份力量,这个社会将要变得越来越好。

With the development of society, it"s urgent and necessary to every member is willing to contribute himself to the society, it will be better and better.

严重影响社会秩序

seriously disturb social order

促进经济和社会发展

to promote economic

对健康有好处

make for good health

对健康有危害

a hazard to health

破坏环境、污染环境

poisoning the environment[来源:学|科|网]

环境保护

protect the environment

浪费时间、浪费金钱、浪费精力

a waste of money,time and energy

促进学习

facilitating learning

影响学习

influnce one's study

提高自身水平

upgrade oneself

反对

disapproval

赞成

in favor of

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