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翻译类毕业论文中期答辩

发布时间:2024-07-02 11:01:58

翻译类毕业论文中期答辩

中期答辩一般是硕士研究生论文答辩的重要环节,中期答辩需要准备的程度起码到毕业论文需要写完整,起码把论文的框架和主要内容写完整,而且要包括详细的开题环节。中期答辩其实就是毕业论文答辩的前期准备,论文的框架必须保持完整。研究背景,研究内容,研究方案,目前完成的工作(得到的结果或者目前完成的工作量),以及下一步要完成的工作等等。

掌握简单,通用的词汇,再涉及几个难度大的词汇,加分的。不要紧张,听不懂可以再让他重复一遍,pardon。答题技巧:正面回答问题,不转换论题,不要答非所问。 抓住主题、要领,抓住关键词语,言简意赅

跟你论文有关系的问题

1、你为什么会选这个方面作为你毕业论文的研究方向?

2、论文中自己的观点是什么?论文的主要论点是什么?

自己的观点,不是你借鉴文献别人已经说过的,而是别人没有只有你有的观点。

3、你的论文与其他跟你研究方向一致的论文对比起来,创新的地方在哪?

4、一般会拿出你文章中的一个章节或者一个分论点让你重点阐述一下论证过程。

5、写作论文的时候你都通过什么渠道收集了什么资料,简要说明国内外的研究成果。

提问率最高的基本上就是这些,当然,到时候肯定会根据你文章的研究方向/内容问几个专业性较高的问题,大家提前做好充分的准备。

总的来说,各位答辩之前能跟答辩老师有直接的交流是最好的,运气好的话老师是可以跟你透露他们大概会问你什么。

不万一真的遇到难的问题了,留给自己相应的思考的时间,老师也不会挑理。大部分都会围绕你论文内容来问的,足够熟悉内容+写论文时的思路基本上不会有大问题。

最后会综合论文文章+答辩表现打分的,各个学校评判优秀论文的标准不一样,拿一个优秀论文在简历上也是可以写上去的。

毕业论文答辩的基本流程:

1、自我介绍:自我介绍作为答辩的开场白,包括姓名、学号、专业。介绍时要举止大方、态度从容、面带微笑,礼貌得体的介绍自己,争取给答辩小组一个良好的印象。好的开端就意味着成功了一半。

2、答辩人陈述:收到成效的自我介绍只是这场答辩的开始,接下来的自我陈述才进入正轨。自述的主要内容包括论文标题;课题背景、选择此课题的原因及课题现阶段的发展情况;有关课题的具体内容,其中包括答辩人所持的观点看法、研究过程、实验数据、结果;答辩人在此课题中的研究模块、承担的具体工作、解决方案、研究结果。文章的创新部分;结论、价值和展望;自我评价。

3、提问与答辩:答辩教师的提问安排在答辩人自述之后,是答辩中相对灵活的环节,有问有答,是一个相互交流的过程。一般为3个问题,采用由浅入深的顺序提问,采取答辩人当场作答的方式。

4、总结:上述程序一一完毕,代表答辩也即将结束。答辩人最后纵观答辩全过程,做总结陈述,包括两方面的总结:毕业设计和论文写作的体会;参加答辩的收获。答辩教师也会对答辩人的表现做出点评:成绩、不足、建议。

5、致谢:感谢在毕业设计论文方面给予帮助的人们并且要礼貌地感谢答辩教师。

翻译类毕业论文答辩自述稿

01 毕业论文答辩自述稿第一段:介绍自己的基本情况和论文名称;第二段介绍自己选题原因;第三段简要介绍论文结构;第四段简述结论;最后致谢,提出自己论文的不足。 毕业论文答辩自述稿结构如下: 第一段:介绍自己的基本情况和论文名称; 第二段:介绍自己选题原因; 第三段:简要介绍论文结构(这一部分视时间而定,可做删减); 第四段:简述结论; 最后:致谢,提出自己论文的不足; 如果时间不够,只讲部分就可以了。 答辩自述稿示例: 尊敬的各位老师: 上午/下午好! 我是xxx学院xxx专业的xxx,我的论文题目是《我国小微型企业生存状况的探讨》,这篇论文是在我的指导老师XXX老师的悉心指点下完成的,在这段时间里,X老师对我的论文进行了详细的修改和指正,并给予我许多宝贵的意见和建议。在这里,我对他表示我最真挚的感谢和敬意!下面我将这篇论文的选题背景、研究意义、结构及主要内容、存在的不足向各位老师作简要的陈述,恳请各位老师批评指导。 首先,我想谈谈为什么选这个题目及这篇文章的研究意义。 其次,我想谈谈这篇文章的结构和主要内容。 我的论文主要分为以下X个部分: 第一部分XXXX 第二部分XXXX 第三部分XXXX 我的论文结论是:XXXX 最后,我想谈谈这篇文章存在的不足。 在这篇论文的写作过程中,我尽可能多的收集资料,虽然从中学到了许多有用的东西,也积累了不少经验,但由于自己学识浅薄,认识能力不足,在理解上有诸多偏颇和浅薄的地方;也由于理论功底的薄弱,存有不少逻辑不畅和辞不达意的问题;加之时间紧迫和自己的粗心,与老师的期望相差甚远,许多问题还有待于进一步思考和探索,借此答辩机会,万分恳切的希望各位老师能够提出宝贵的意见,多指出这篇论文的错误和不足之处,我将虚心接受,从而进一步深入学习研究,使该论文得到完善和提高。 以上是我的论文答辩自述,敬请各位评委老师提出宝贵的意见。谢谢!

论文答辩自述英文

在个人成长的多个环节中,大家都经常接触到论文吧,通过论文写作可以提高我们综合运用所学知识的`能力。那么问题来了,到底应如何写一篇优秀的论文呢?以下是我帮大家整理的论文答辩自述英文,欢迎大家分享。

Good morning, professors and everyone. I come from JMU College. I am XXX and my supervisor is prof XXX. With her sincere and intellectual guidance, I have finished my paper.

The title of my paper is An Analysis of Ahab’s Personality Tragedy in Moby Dick. I choose this title as my topic due to the following reasons. Firstly, I am fond of literature works , especially gothic literature works. Secondly, I am quite familiar with this work as this is one of the texts in our American literature course . Last but not least , Moby-Dick is widely recognized as the summit not only of Melville’s art but of American nineteenth-centry fiction.

The purpose of this essay is to study Captain Ahab,the role in Moby-Dick, whose leg was bitten by the white whale in his process of the whaling. After losing his leg, he determined to revenge Moby Dick and tried to kill it. In order to revenge, Ahab ultimately dooms the crew of the Pequod (save for Ishmael) to death by his obsession with Moby Dick. By taking the comprehensive analysis perspective of Moby-Dick, this thesis will point out that the main characteristics of Ahab.

This paper consists of three parts. Part one presents an introduction to the Social Background and the life of the Author Herman Melvillehe ,Part two presents The Main Characteristics of Ahab. there are three aspects have been divided to analyze his characters: his monomania , his selfishness, and his individualism. Part three presents The Consequences of Ahabs Personality Tragedy.

OK, thats all. Thank you !

Good morning,Distinguished professors and teachers, ladies and gentlemen, thank you for attending the oral defense. (或Welcome to attend the oral defense.) :

I am Zhao Jing. Firstly, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor Zhong Ming, for his intellectual guidance, invaluable instructions and comments on my thesis. It is with his valuable assistance that I have finally accomplished this thesis.

The title of my paper is The Masculine Spirit of The Old Man and the Sea

The whole thesis consists of 3 parts. The first part will give brief introductions on the background which contains the social and cultural aspects and the introduction to the author of the masterpiece. In The second part is going to have a brief

introduction of the old man and the sea and analyze the masculine spirits in the old man and the sea such as the faith optimistic and the wisdom of the hero. In the third part, it is the natural conclusion and the deep consideration.

I choose this as my topic due to the following reasons. Firstly, I am fond of literature works. Secondly, I am quite familiar with this novel as this is one of the texts in our intensive teaching course and I have taught this text for more than 3 times. Last but not the least, I’m deeply appreciated to the masculine spirit and hope I can get and practice it in my future. For the above facts, I select the subject of The Masculine Spirit of The Old Man and the Sea as the title of my paper.

I hope by studying this novel we can know more about the author Hemingway and his honorable masculine spirit. “A man can be destroyed but not be defeated.” Such kind of spirit can

help us raise our independence and confidence and show more concern for our mental health.

That’s you!

stant encouragement and guidance, I have finished my paper. Now, its show time. You and I will work hard to welcome any correction.

The topic of my thesis is 《Angela carter to mythology research - the female archetype in “new eve passion”, for example》. I choose this as my topic due to the following reasons.

Angela Carter (1940-1992) is an outstanding feminist writer whose influence on Britishwomens writing was “pivotal in this opening and transformation”. The year 2014 represents the 22” anniversary of Angela Carters death. In those twenty-two years, her works have been widely taught internationally and brought about much critical debate. In a survey conducted by Cristina Bacchilega and Danielle M. Roemer [2],Carter is one of the most commonly taught women writers on North American programs. She has endowed us with an amazingly large number of legacies in her comparatively limited life, setting foot in various fields such as novels,short stories,children stories, dramas, non-fictions and so on. The acute observations with great insights,as well as the devastating wit and poignant mockery in Carters works have made her stand out as an iconic figure in English literature. Many scholars and critics have devoted themselves to the research on Angela Carter from many perspectives,including gothic, magic realism, feminism,post-modernism and so on. As a prolific writer who is always ready to blur the boundaries between different genres, Carter has left us a wonderful world to delve into.

With the emergence of western womens movement as well as the development of feminist criticism in the 1960s,the feminist approach has become a potent weapon for those who are concerned with the emancipation and legal rights of women. Though womens social status has considerably improved due to the contribution made by countless predecessors,the fundamental problem still lingers on. Carter, with her versatile and avant-garde reputation, is best known as a feminist writer. Concerning the dilemmas and predicaments faced by women nowadays,it is very necessary for us to probe into her insightful and penetrating reflections on femininity as well as the relationship between two genders. The Passion of New Eve, as one of Carters most representative works, is of great value in the research of her feminist thoughts and propositions.

Next, is my paper outline. In the main part of this article, I put it into five parts.

Chapter one is an introduction to the thesis, covering the research background, theobjective and significance as well as the organization of the thesis.

Chapter two presents a broad picture of Angela Carters life and her works, as well as the background information about The Passion of New Eve. It also reviews previous studies on Angela Carter and her works at home and abroad, summarizing achievements in the past and pointing out new directions in the future.

Chapter three conducts a retrospective study on feminism and archetypal criticism. The author attempts to work out the origin and development of feminism, demonstrating the important role feminism plays in Carters life. Then is the history of archetypal criticism,as well as those classic female archetypes in mythology. Regarding those fossilized and monotonous images as impediments to womens freedom and liberation,Carter endeavors to shatter them in her demythologizing strategy and appeals for a rational attitude toward heterosexual relationship.

Chapter four is the main body of the thesis. Through an in-depth analysis on The Passion of New Eve,it demonstrates Carters demythologizing of “The Temptress,,,”Mother Goddess“and ”Eve“ respectively in the text. Leilah,the embodiment of Delilah,the famous temptress in the Bible,cannot escape the fate of being objectified by men and herself. By exposing”temptresses“ as mere victims rather than symbols of viciousness. Carter condemns the oppression and exploitation of women in a patriarchal society. ”Mother“ in Beulah serves as a severe satire on those mother goddesses in mythology. Carter smashes the legend by revealing the surgically-made essence of mother and the patriarchal values lurking behind her alleged matriarchal kingdom, warning against the peril and impracticality of extremist her most convincing example goes to Eve, the most important female character in the Bible, Her transformative journey from a chauvinist to a real woman in the story illustrates that gender, rather than a hereditary feature, is the result of social influence and unremitting imitations. Carter concludes the story with proposing ”androgyny“ as a solution to the current problems,implying that mutual respect and understanding is the only way to achieve the harmony between the two genders.

Chapter five comes to a general conclusion, summarizing the limitations of the theses as well as some suggestions for further study.

OK! That is all. Thank you! Please ask questions.

英语专业毕业论文答辩陈述稿范文

时间过得真快,大学生活即将结束,毕业论文是大学生都必须通过的,毕业论文是一种有准备的检验大学学习成果的`形式,毕业论文应该怎么写才好呢?以下是我整理的英语专业毕业论文答辩陈述稿范文,仅供参考,大家一起来看看吧。

Good morning, all appraiser committee members. I am xx and my supervisor is xx. With her constant encouragement and guidance, I have finished my paper. Now, it is the show time. I will present my efforts to you and welcome any correction.

The title of my paper is On Transformation of Parts of Speech in Translation. I choose this as my topic due to the following reasons. Different languages have different standards to distinguish parts of speech. Each language has its own special structure. And there are no equivalent parts of speech between different languages. In order to make the target version more idiomatic and standard, the transformation of parts of speech is always used by translators. So the transformation of parts of speech is playing a more important role in English to Chinese based on different characteristics of English and Chinese. For the above facts, I select the subject of“On Transformation of parts of speech”as the title of my paper.

I hope by studying this topic we can know the importance of the transformation of parts of speech in English to Chinese translation. Through transformation, we can get the better version and improve the translation skills.

The way of thinking and expressing is quite different between Chinese and English. English is a kind of static languages which tends to use more nouns. While Chinese is a dynamic one in which verbs are often used.

So when we make translation in English to Chinese, we should know this point and shift the parts of speech.

Next, it is an outline of my paper. In the main part of this paper, I divide it into five parts.

Part one presents an introduction to the basic concepts of parts of speech and transformation.

Part two discusses the definition of translation and emphasizes the importance of transformation of parts of speech in the course of translation.

Part three gives four basic ways of transformation of parts of speech through illustrative examples. There are transformed English words into Chinese verbs, nouns, adjectives and adverbs.

Part four presents some problems about transformation and gives some advise to solve the problems.

Part five draws some conclusions that transformation between parts of speech is necessary for us to achieve good translation. It is demonstrated that we can have a good master of transformation and improve the translation. In addition, we must continuously study and explore in all kinds of translation practices.

OK! That is all. Thank you! Please ask questions.

Good morning, distinguished professors and teachers, thank you for attending the oral defense. Im xxand come from class xx. My supervisor is professor Li. I would like to express my deepest gratitude to Prof. his consistent guidance and valuable suggestions, I have finished my paper. Now I will present my efforts to you and gratefully welcome any suggestion.

The title of my paper is choose this as my topic due to the following reasons.

Firstly, I am very interested in the study of ambiguity. Ambiguity is a common phenomenon in all natural languages. As is known to all, in our daily conversations, ambiguity is often employed to achieve the effect of humor, thus creating a relaxing atmosphere and letting people feel at ease. Some jokes caused by ambiguity is very interesting.

Secondly, I have read several articles about ambiguity written by linguistics and scholars. I found my knowledge of ambiguity is very limited, superficial and nonsystematic. What I knew is just the tip of the iceberg. So I plan to learn more about ambiguity by this research.

Thirdly, I found many scholars have carried out numerous studies of ambiguity, but a majority of these studies are focused on single language separately. Articles about comparison between English ambiguity and Chinese ambiguity are not sufficient. So it is necessary to make further study.

For the above facts, I select this title.

Next, I will present the outline of my thesis. It consists of 7 parts.

The first part gives a brief introduction to the ambiguity and structure of the thesis.

The second part is literature review, briefly introducing the development of study of ambiguity and some scholarss main views.

The third to fifth parts focus on three types of ambiguity in English and Chinese: phonological ambiguity, lexical ambiguity, syntactic ambiguity. In every broad type, I respectively list some detailed branches and cite some vivid English and Chinese examples to explain these ambiguity phenomena. But I put more focus on the third part and point out two differences of ambiguity between English ambiguity and Chinese ambiguity.

The part six will point out positive results by using ambiguity deliberately in daily conversations, advertisements and literary works.

The last part is the conclusion.

I hope by this contrastive research, we will have a better understanding of ambiguity in English and Chinese and apply it to our life and study.

When reading the final draft, I still find my argument is not so comprehensive and improvements are needed. So welcome your precious suggestion.

Thats all. Thank you.

翻译报告类论文答辩词

Oh, I wish I could reply, passed the Bachelor thesis, as completely liberated. I go after returning to Shanghai to visit your father, he was very concerned about the comic you do, in particular, would like them to hurry up and published, I hope I can help make that happen. Wow, you speak Hollywood, Los Angeles, I think, the great, the world focused on the local Called hey, huh, huh, when I have to go, ha ha ~

,Really hope I can smoothly reply through a bachelor's degree thesis and so and thoroughly father returned to behind Shanghai me to go first to visit you, he concerns you very much of cartoon, specially think that they can hurry a publication, I also hope that I can help up the favour., You made reference to Los Angeles me to thought of Hollywood, too good, whole world type male pretty girl the place ah of the concentration, ha ha, when I have to also take a walk, ha ha

Oh, I really hope that I can pass degree thesis, so thoroughly liberation. After I come back to Shanghai to visit your father, he CARES about you, especially the cartoons published, they can quickly I hope I can help. Wow, you say to Los Angeles I thought of Hollywood, fantastic charm, the world where centralized ah girl, ha ha, when I have to go around, ha ha ~

Paper did not address, but its more closely related to the issue of what? A : I mentioned in the papers harmonious relationship between teachers and students, teachers should always encourage pupils. use less criticism nature of the language. But I think criticism of the child or encourage not possible to generalize, but to the students their own personality, temperament and characteristics of students praise or criticism. Listed as : some children more introverted, sensitive and suspicious, teachers once criticized her, The students will show more guts and the sentimental, lack of self-confidence. As some students are more lively, dynamic, aggressive temperament, Then attention should be paid to 10 million teachers can not be used excessively harsh language to criticize him, in order to avoid this student performance some extremist behavior. Also after the no English, a lack of interest on their own to learn English also lost confidence. Therefore, in carrying out praise and criticism, remember to pay attention to ways and means. And this is precisely I discussed in the paper is not enough clear.

翻译类论文答辩问什么

简单的问题:What's the significance of your paper?What's the originality of your paper?这类问题很常见,你对自己的论文较熟悉就行。难点的问题:老师可能会挑出你写出来的某一点很细节的东西来问,比如说:别人认为这个人物是这样的,为什么你会认为是那样的,而这两种看法刚好相反?我答辩的时候老师问我:我写的是的《纳尼亚传奇》。老师问:作者写的Narnia真的会实现吗?这就很难回答了,因为站在作者的观点是有可能的,从现实的角度看几乎不可能了。答辩的时候,一般是不会翻论文的。因为你必须对自己的论文很熟悉,另一方面,老师问的问题,你读答案也不太好。除非老师说翻到某一页,你这一页有什么观点,解释一下为什么?这才会翻论文看。老师有的时候也不问什么难问题,只是指出你的论文那个地方修改,因为最后答辩后还要交终稿存档,所以会让你继续改改格式之类的。建议:要对自己的Bibliography(参考文献)有一定的了解,有的老师会问某本文献里讲了什么观点,这类问题笼统回答一下就好,所以你得知道自己用了什么文献。总之,不用太紧张了,老师肯定会放你过得,不让你毕业就是他给自己早麻烦啦。呵呵,祝你顺利通过答辩!

3到10分钟的陈述期间老师一般不听 他们忙着看你的论文找问题呢 如果答辩组的老师对你写的论文不是很拿手或者没听说的话 问题会问的很简单的 至于老师会问你什么问题很难推断 放心大胆的说吧没听说答辩会卡人的 好运~

Well, you will have many questions to answer concerning about your tend to give you questions of the main idea of the ask you to explain some of terms and tectics used in the cases you write. They will also question whether your dissertation can be used in reality . As a matter of fack,teachers will have questions for you in line with the policy of your school. So ,I suggest that you get familiar with your essay .They will probably ask any parts of your dissertation. Well,I'd like to exmplify the regulations of dissertation defence in SHJT Continued Education college .First phase:Brief self - introduction and say hello to phase:narrate what you write in 3 minutes without scripts . Third phase: Teachers ask you questions by turn. The most important stage is don't carry a script and read it because you will never be allowed to read a script. If don't keep the regulations of the school ,you will totally be a loser. Good luck to you. Put more on steam.

同学:您好!首先解释一下论文答辩的一般过程和要求。一般答辩老师会针对论文的选题意义及原因、文献梳理、创新点、研究方法(写作方法)、论述过程和结论,以及论文的格式和体例有个大致的了解。之后,会针对论文的上述这些方面进行一些提问。第二,答辩时老师的关注点在哪里。这个问题比较复杂,因为不同老师的专业倾向不同,所以对你的论文的关注点也不一样,如果你写的东西正好和答辩老师的专业领域相近,那么就比较麻烦,这是由于答辩老师对你写的东西比较了解,因此也就会问的比较多,尤其是研究问题、文献和论述中的逻辑或方法。反之,如果老师对你写的东西不是特别了解,那么基本上就只是问一些细枝末节的东西,比如格式、体例、标点符号错误、拼写错误。(我一同学运气比较差,写的电影语言的翻译问题,结果碰到两个老师,一个是翻译的一个是电影文学的。。。。)至于,文学方向,这就需要学生对所选择的文学作品、作者、文学现象等内容比较全面的了解,最好能有个系统的整理,这种整理不需要太过详细,只需要列出一个提纲提示自己一下(trigger your memory)即可。第三,语言是关键。无论是什么专业的答辩老师,语言功底都比较深厚,因此,语言问题是老师最容易或最普遍的问题,老师会对语法、用词、句法、文法、拼写等等语言基本问题纠缠一下。(要不怎么显出他们水平比你高呢?)因此,把论文的语言做好是必须的,也是基本的要求。第四,题外话。一般老师都会问几句题外话,比如:你觉得学英语怎么样?工作好找吗?你学英语从事什么工作比较好,研究还是应用?(我答辩时,老师没怎么问我论文,就是问了这个问题)。这种提问一般就是考察学生的口语水平,因此就需要平时的积累。口语好的同学就不必发愁了。第五,论文体例或格式。这个是老师最先考察的内容,如果他们发现你的格式有些不一致或是不漂亮,就会影响整体效果,认为你态度不好。第六,千万不要抄袭。是不是抄袭,老师基本上一看就知道,所以这方面就不要冒险尝试了,我身边有无数同学有这种问题,都被发现了。希望对你有帮助。

翻译类论文答辩写作背景

毕业论文的研究背景包括选题简介、个人想法、选题意义。

毕业论文的研究背景所写内容为:

1、选题简介:所选题目的现今研究的相关情况,如前人研究的成果,所选题目到目前所研究到的状况,先论述行业环境情况,然后引用行业数据报告作支撑。

2、个人想法:你对选题的特别看法,以及选此题的原因,你对前人的研究成果和看法的想法,以及前人的研究有哪些不足,你选择的研究放向的切入点。要体现你对这个题目的思考以及闪光点,要讲明在别人研究的基础上自己将要做的探讨是什么,即为什么写这篇论文以及要解决什么问题。

3、选题意义:就实际的工作实践活动未来发展趋势、前景而言,需要研究的价值意义。一个研究成立的基础就是它要有意义,最好能投入实际生产。意义又包括历史性意义、理论性意义和实践意义。也可以从哲学的高度、某专业或学科角度、某个理论角度等方面,探讨需要研究的价值意义。

毕业论文写作注意事项:

1、写毕业论文是一件很严谨的事,所以里面的一些用词要特别注意,要用合适的表达方式进行表述,避免过于口语化。口语化虽然比较通俗易懂,但是会给人留下一种不专业的印象。

2、写毕业论文不仅要有亮点,这一亮点还要突出。突出的亮点,能让你的论文更生动、更传神。所以写毕业论文时,一定要特别注意这一点,这一点做得好的话,能进一步升华我们的论文。

写作背景就是:为什么我要写这篇论文。具体来说要回答以下这些问题:这个课题有何意义?该课题已有的研究达到了什么程度?该课题已有研究的不足在哪些方面?

选题的意义与价值。

1.理论意义与价值

一般有以下几种情况:(1)就哲学的高度而言,需要研究的价值意义(2)就专业或学科角度而言,需要研究的价值意义(3)就某个理论角度而言,需要研究的价值意义2.实践意义与价值

主要包括:(1)就实际的工作实践活动未来发展趋势、前景而言,需要研究的价值意义(2)就实际的现在工作的实践活动而言,需要研究的价值意义(3)就实际的现在工作的实践活动改进而言,需要研究的价值意义

确定自己研究的逻辑起点,也就是要讲明在别人研究的基础上自己将要做的探讨是什么?即为什么写这篇论文以及要解决什么问题。

掌握简单,通用的词汇,再涉及几个难度大的词汇,加分的。不要紧张,听不懂可以再让他重复一遍,pardon。答题技巧:正面回答问题,不转换论题,不要答非所问。 抓住主题、要领,抓住关键词语,言简意赅

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