中医科普文章

中医讲：脾为后天之本，气血生化之源。我们身体所依赖的水谷精微以及津液都是需要脾的运化功能来完成的，而一旦脾脏虚弱，则脾运化无力，我们身体不仅无法得到水谷精微的濡养，而且还会造成水湿内停，聚集成痰，从而影响到其他脏腑，正所谓脾胃虚，则百病生。不过，提起脾胃虚，很多人首先想到就是需要补脾了。听说某中成药补脾效果不错，有些朋友就到药店买开始吃，起初感觉这效果确实是不错的，但后面越补越上火，这是怎么一回事？从中医来看，调理脾脏，是要分清自己到底是该补脾还是该健脾。为什么这么说？是因为当脾胃虚时，脾胃吸收能力就比较弱，而这时若不管自己的体质，就去吃各种补虚药，就会出现这种情况，这虚非但没有补回来，还可能导致进补的东西囤积在体内，无法消化，进而引发一系列病理情况。因此，对于补脾，还是要分清是该补脾，还是健脾。那如何区分？今天沈医生就给大家聊一聊什么是补脾？什么是健脾？总的来说，这补脾的目的是为了补动力，而健脾的目的是为了清除体内产生的垃圾，让脾健壮起来。那什么情况需要健脾，什么情况需要补脾呢？需要健脾，往往会有以下表现。首先就是看舌象，这种体质的舌象，一会表现出舌质淡，舌两边有齿痕，舌头上布满了厚厚的舌苔，而且苔也比较白腻。而这种舌象一般是因为脾虚湿盛，脾虚不能运化水湿，以至于水湿聚集体内，久之形成痰湿，并且还常表现为面色萎黄、浑身乏力、喉咙有痰、大便黏腻、头油脸油等。而需要补脾者，这种人群的脾虚情况一般来说不是很严重的，常表现为身体干瘦、脾胃虚弱等。好了，这篇文章到这里就结束了，通过今天沈医生科普的知识，大家学会怎么健脾，怎么补脾了吗？可以在评论区聊一下。

气血不足表现为入睡困难，易惊易醒，指甲灰白无光泽，皮肤黯淡无光或萎黄，肌肤干燥，眼睛无神，眼球混浊或晦暗，脸色萎黄等症状，需要吃黄芪，当归，党参，白术，炙甘草等中药。心气不足的时候是比较容易出虚汗，天气热经常出虚汗不一定是气血不足，还有可能是肾气不足，肾阴虚，或者湿热之类的。气血不足对生育功能有一定影响的。

中医药科普文章

肝气郁滞主要是由于情志的抑郁导致的，主要是由于着急生气，会引起这种症状。建议和指导，当然针灸是可以改善的，需要每天扎针可能需要一周或者是10天左右可以改善，但是还需要注意自己的情绪的控制，以及情志的改变，另外也可以配合一些中药治疗，比如舒肝丸。

风湿、类风湿的病人，疾病之初经常是由于受寒湿困阻经络，出现疼痛，关节活动不利，手脚冷痛，这个时候比较单纯，一般都有比较明显的吹风、天气变冷疼痛加剧的情况。时间一久，寒湿长期积在体内，就会化热，这时候疾病就变的复杂了，有时候热的时候痛，有时候冷也痛，从治疗上来看，就变得不太好把握。

还有一种是直接就是被热邪侵袭的，一开始就表现为红肿热痛。

治病的时候既要清楚现在的情况，也要了解它的病史，如果先寒后热的是属于寒热错杂的，要根据具体情况，进行寒热调整。对于直接受热邪侵袭的，就要用清热祛风湿药了。

络石藤出自《神农本草经》，味辛、苦，性微寒，归肝、心二经。为夹竹桃科攀援木质藤本植物络石的带叶茎。主产于江苏、湖北、山东等地。冬季至次年春季采集入药。生用。

具有祛风湿，舒筋活络，清热解毒的作用。

络石藤有微寒的属性，所以较常用于热证，适合风湿痹证、郁久化热之湿热痹，或者配上其他祛风除湿清热药同用，比如秦艽、防己、忍冬藤。

因为寒性不太重，所以也可用于风湿寒痹的情况，可以单独泡酒来治，或者加上祛风除湿散寒药，比如附子，细辛等。

络石藤能清热解毒消肿，可用于热毒壅结所致的疮痈及咽喉红肿疼痛。

治痈肿疼痛，可以配上解毒消痈、活血消肿药，比如金银花、连翘、乳香、没药、瓜蒌等。

治喉痹咽部痛，可单用煎汤，慢慢咽下，也可配上其他清热解毒利咽药，比如射干、栀子。

古代的文献也对络石藤的主治有过论述，而且总结得更精炼。

这边把文中出现的中药链接放在下面，想进一步学习，可以点击下方蓝字。

秦艽：秦艽，不能低估它，除了祛风湿，还有治湿疹、中风、牙痛的作用

防己：防己，是治疗痛风、水肿的要药，能祛风湿、止痛、利水消肿

栀子：栀子花开，很唯美，栀子成熟，也很有用，清心除烦善解人

射干：射干，很多人都看过，估计都以为是一种观赏花，化痰清热的

细辛：细辛：常用于过敏性鼻炎，但有小毒，曾试吃粉到嘴里有麻麻的感觉

金银花：金银花，忍冬藤是同一棵植物，功效类似，只是忍冬藤常用于关节痛

连翘：被前人誉为“疮家圣药”，和金银花是好兄弟，经常一起出现

好了，今天的中医药科普就到这里了，科普文章，不易传播，期望得到关注，转发，赞赏，还知道哪些能够泡酒的中药？欢迎留言，欢迎一起每日学习打卡。

我国药食同源的历史源远流长。《黄帝内经太素》中记载：“用之充饥则谓之食，以其疗病则谓之药”。我国最早的药学专著《神农本草经》中列为上品的大部分是日常食物，许多食物即是药物，它们之间并无绝对的分界线，性味多平和。药食同源的物质，本质为可食用中药材，因兼具药食两用性，一般食性强于药性，多为补益药，具有调养、康复、保健作用，历来以食疗、食补和药膳等形式应用于医疗保健中。古代医学家将中药的“四性五味”理论运用到食物之中，认为每种食物也具有“四性”、“五味”，使用时也应遵循“因人、因时、因地制宜”的原则，同时注意食物和药物的配伍禁忌。中医认为肥胖与先天体质及饮食失节、好静恶动、情志失调等多种因素有关。治疗上，在辨证施治的基础上，采用补虚泻实的原则，调整脏腑气血阴阳不足，结合行气化痰、利水、消导通腑、化瘀等方法综合治疗。日常生活中，我们可以选用具有药食同源的中药进行预防与治疗。一、昆布性味咸寒，归入肝、胃、肾经。功效：软坚散结、消痰利水。 “下气，久服瘦人。” ——《食疗本草》含昆布素，为多糖类，有消除血脂的作用。其所含多种矿物质、微量元素等，能减少人体摄入动物脂肪在心脏、血管、肠壁上沉积。二、海藻性味苦咸寒，归入肝、胃、肾经。功效：消痰软坚、利水。 “瘦人，不可服之。” ——《食疗本草》有降低血脂的作用。海藻所含的藻胶酸与等分子的苯丙胺制成的合剂，是一种食欲抑制剂，能减轻肥胖。三、赤小豆性味甘酸而平，入脾、心、小肠经。功效：利尿消肿、解毒。 “久食瘦人。” ——《食疗本草》 “性逐津液，久食令人枯燥。”——陶弘景含有石碱酸，可加快肠胃蠕动，促进排尿、消除水肿。对伴有水肿的肥胖患者效果尤好。四、荷叶性味甘涩平，入脾经。功效：清暑化湿、升发清阳。 “荷叶服之，令人瘦劣。” ——《本草纲目》可用鲜荷叶煮粥，或煎汤代茶饮。尤其适用于夏季减肥，或用于肥胖患者脾虚湿阻化热症和胃热湿阻。荷叶碱能有效分解体内的脂肪，并排出体外。荷叶碱能密布在人体肠壁上，形成一层脂肪隔离膜，阻止脂肪吸收，防止脂肪堆积。五、冬瓜味甘淡而性寒。功效：利尿消痰、清热解毒。 “煮食之，能炼五脏精细，欲得肥者，勿食之，为下气。欲瘦小轻健者，食之甚健人。” ——《食疗本草》含有丙醇二酸，这种物质能够有效的抑制糖类转化成脂肪，冬瓜中的膳食纤维含量很高，可降低体内胆固醇，防止动脉粥样硬化。六、山楂性味酸甘微温，入脾、胃、肝经。功效：消食化积，行气散瘀。 “化饮食，消肉积。” ——《本草纲目》山楂可以让脂肪快速地分解消耗，可促进身体内脂肪类食物的消化。本文作者：中国中医科学院广安门医院内分泌科主任医师白煜内分泌科“肥胖及代谢综合征”专家出诊表注： 1.“专题门诊”需挂“专题号”就诊； 2. “专题门诊”由主治及以上职称医师轮流出诊。

医学科普文章发表

由于随着科技和社会的发展，人们的生活水平不断提高，当代人把身体健康看得越来越重，对自己的饮食习惯，药物的使用与滥用和急救知识等格外关注。下面是我带来的医学科普文章，欢迎阅读!

医学科普文章英文版1

为什么总是睡不好?十大常见睡眠错误

Most of us have struggled at some point with sleep. Whether it’s not getting enough sleepor struggling to get up in the morning, it can be difficult to get the balance just right.

大多数人都遇到过一些睡眠问题。有可能是睡得不够，又或者是早晨起不来，很难达到平衡睡得舒服。

However, sleep is essential if we want to be productive in life. It provides us with theenergy we need to get stuff done!

然而为了保证精力充沛，睡眠是十分必要的。我们需要睡足了才有精力干活!

Here are the 10 most common sleep mistakes people make and a few tips for avoidingthem!

下面列出了常见的十大睡眠错误以及纠正小贴士。

1. The snooze button

闹钟止闹按钮

Don’t EVER hit the snoozebutton. It really is much more beneficial to just get up on yourfirst alarm. Think about it – the snooze button gives you an extra 10 minutes or so sleep. Inthe grand scheme of your day this really won’t provide you with any more energy. In-fact itdoes the opposite. Research has shown that ‘interrupted sleep’ can cause us to feel moretired.

千万不要按止闹按钮，其实在闹铃一响时就起来对身体更好。想想看，止闹按钮可以让你多睡10分钟或者更长一点时间。但相比于一整天满满的计划，这多睡的10分钟根本无法为你多添几份活力。事实上恰恰相反，研究表明受干扰的睡眠会让人更加疲倦。

2. Disorganized sleeping habits

不规律的睡眠习惯

It’s much easier to get to sleep each night (and wake up feeling refreshed) if we have aregular routine. This means going to bed at roughly the same time each night and getting upat roughly the same time each morning. If you’re disorganized with your sleeping routine, youend up interrupting your natural sleeping rhythms, which can cause insomnia and fatigue.

如果每天的作息时间规律，每晚会更加容易入眠(醒来时也会感到神清气爽)。也就是说每晚在相对固定的时间睡觉，每天早上在相对固定的时间起床。如果你睡觉的时间不规律，就会打乱你的生物钟，导致失眠和疲劳感。

3. Long naps

小睡时间过长

Long naps can disrupt your sleeping rhythms so if you’re desperate for a nap then keep itunder the 30 minute mark (and before 4pm). Short naps after lunch can help to restore energylevels (just make sure you don’t sleep in).

小睡时间过长会打乱人的生物钟，所以如果你真的很想打个盹儿的话，请把时间控制在30分钟以内(而且要在下午四点前睡)。在午餐后小睡一会儿有助于恢复体力(只是不要睡过头了)。

4. Caffeine/stimulants

咖啡因/兴奋剂

Don’t drink any caffeinated drinks after mid-day. Caffeine stimulatesyour body for up to 12hours after consumption so it’s important to restrict your intake later in the day. Be aware ofsupposed ‘herbal’ drinks such as green tea, which can have a high dose of caffeine. Alwayscheck the label.

请不要在中午之后饮用含咖啡因的饮料。咖啡因会持续的影响人体12个小时，所以要控制自己不要在中午以后摄取咖啡因。小心一些“草本”饮料，例如绿茶含有很高的咖啡因。每次喝饮料之前都要看一下成份标签。

5. Stress &negative thinking

压力和消极想法

Stress is a large reason why many people find it difficult to sleep. One of the worse thingsyou can do is be stressed before bed. Stress produces chemicals that physically stop us fromsleeping. Try and clear your mind before bed time and make an effort to think positive thoughtsthat aid sleep.

压力是造成人难以入眠的重要原因。在上床睡觉前带着太大压力就更加糟糕了。压力会使人分泌出某些从生理上阻止睡眠的化学物质。尝试在睡前清空所思所想，努力朝有助于睡眠的积极方面想吧。

6. Too much light

光线太亮

Our bodies depend on ‘sleep signals’ to fall asleep and one of those signals is sure your room is as dark as possible before trying to get to sleep. Even a thin stream oflight coming in through your window can disrupt your pinealgland’s production of sleephormones and therefore disturb your sleep rhythms, so make sure your blinds are closed!

我们的身体依靠“睡眠信号”来入睡，其中一个信号就是黑暗。所以在睡觉前要确保房间光线尽可能暗。即便是透过玻璃窗射进来的一小束光线也可能会干扰人的松果体分泌睡眠荷尔蒙，从而干扰睡眠生物钟。因此要保证关上百叶窗!

7. Sugar before bedtime

睡前摄取糖分

Sugary snacks before bedtime are a really bad idea. The sugar can disrupt the chemicals inyour body causing you to wake up during the night. Limit all late night sweet treats – if you’rehungry go for a protein based snack instead.

睡前吃含糖的零食真的是个坏主意。糖会破坏人体体内的化学物质，导致人在夜间醒来。因此要控制晚间吃甜食的量，如果你饿了，去吃一些蛋白质为主的零食吧。

8. Alcohol before bedtime

睡前喝酒

Alcohol is a sedativeand therefore people get fooled into thinking it will help them get agood nights sleep. The reality is that it may initially induce sleep, however it usually drasticallyimpairs sleep during the second half of the night which leads to interrupted sleep patterns thatwill leave you feeling fatigued in the morning (not to mention the hangover!)

酒精有镇定作用，因此人们会误以为酒精能帮助睡眠。实际上酒精可能会在一开始促进人睡眠，但是它也常会在后半夜严重影响人的睡眠，打乱人的睡眠模式，让你在早上觉得很疲乏(更不用说还有宿醉了)。

9. TV in the bedroom

卧室里摆放电视

It can be easy to fall asleep on the couch in front of the TV. It’s important we don’t try andreplicatethis strategy in the bedroom though. The bedroom must only be associated withsleep. When you start to introduce mental stimulation such as a TV this can severely disruptyour sleep patterns.

坐在电视机前的沙发上很容易睡着，但重要的是我们不能在卧室里尝试这一方法。卧室应当只与睡眠有关，把电视机之类刺激神经的东西放进卧室会严重打乱你的睡眠模式。

10. Worrying about sleep

担心睡眠

If you’ve had a few bad nights sleep, then the worst thing you can do is worry too muchabout it. When we place too much focus on sleeping this can cause anxiety and only make theproblem worse. Try to go with the flow and let your body naturally get into a healthy sleeppattern.

当你几天都睡不好后，最糟糕的事情就是你还总是担心自己的睡眠。当我们把注意力过多放在睡眠上时，就会导致焦虑，而焦虑只会让睡眠问题变得更严重。试着顺其自然地让身体进入健康的睡眠模式吧。

医学科普文章英文版2

5个有害健康的常见生活习惯

Everyday health hazard 1: Lying

日常健康危害之1：撒谎

Whether you’re complimenting your best friend’s unflattering hairdo or “improvising”on thecost of your new designer shoes, we all tell the odd fibfrom time to time. However, accordingto research, those little white lies could be more harmful than you think. Lying can generatefeelings of stress which are damaging to your health, and a study by researchers at theUniversity of Notre Dame found that when people reduced the amount of lies they told theysuffered from less headaches, sore throats and anxiety.

无论你是在恭维你最好朋友那不讨喜的发型，或临时冲动购物买下最新名牌鞋，在这时候我们通常会撒一些古怪的小谎。但是最新的研究显示，即便是那些无害纯洁的小谎言也会带来意想不到的危害。撒谎会产生压力，而压力会损害你的健康。一项来自圣母大学的研究发现，当人们减少说谎话的次数时，他们就会减少头疼、咽喉疼痛和焦虑的患病次数。

Everyday health hazard 2: Eating at your desk

日常健康危害之2：办公桌上吃饭

If you’re having a busy day in work, it can be tempting to skip your lunch break and eat atyour desk. However, missing out on breaks is not only bad for your stress levels, eating whiledistracted may also mean you are more likely to overeat. Furthermore, spending your lunchhour at your desk can lengthen the time you are physically inactive and also expose you toharmful bacteria. According to a study by the University of Arizona, your work station containsnearly 400 times more germs than the average toilet seat, making it a less than ideal place fordining.

如果你工作忙绿，你的午餐休息时间可能没了，就不得不在办公桌上吃午饭。然而错过了休息不仅会让你感到压力紧张，而且心烦意乱的你在这时候吃饭会导致你进食过量。此外，在办公桌上吃饭，你的身体不活动的时间就会增加，还会让你暴露在有害的细菌环境中。亚利桑那大学的研究报告显示，办公环境细菌量是马桶座圈平均量的400倍，你还想在这样的地方进餐吗?

Everyday health hazard 3: Housework

日常健康危害之3：家务

Need an excuse to put your feet up? Well, good news: research suggests that leaving thehousework for another day could give your health a boost! Research results published in theJournal of Family Psychology revealed that doing housework when you get home from workprevents levels of cortisol (the stress hormone) from lowering and reduces recovery fromstress. However, stress levels for both men and women were lowered by housework beingcompleted – just so long as they weren’t the ones doing it. Look after your health by takingturns to do the housework with other members of your household if possible, and take timeout to relax afterwards.

想找个理由不做家务?那有好消息了：研究显示，人们把家务活留到第二天做，身体会更棒!《家庭心理学》刊登了这篇研究报告，报告结果显示，当你下班回家后做家务活，皮质醇(压力荷尔蒙)的释放会被抑制。皮质醇能降低压力，还能缩短受压后的恢复时间。但是当家务被完成后，男性和女性的压力水平都会降低——只要做家务的不仅仅只有他或她。可以的话，你可以和家人分担家务，这样能让自己保持健康，还有家务过后记得要抽时间休息啊。

Everyday health hazard 4: Using cash machines

日常健康危害之4：使用自动提款机

Withdrawing money from ATM machines is a common habit for most of us. However,cleanliness tests in Britain have revealed that cash machines are just as dirty as public toilets,and many of us are failing to wash our hands after using them. Experts assessed swabs fromthe key pads on cash machines and also from nearby public toilets and found that they bothcontained the same types of bacteria known to cause sickness. To look after your health, usean antibacterialhand gel once you have made your withdrawaland after handling money.

从自动提款机中提起现金是大多数人的日常习惯。然而一项英国的洁净测试显示，提款机和公厕一样脏，而且，大多数人在使用后都不会去洗手。专家们在自动提款机的键盘和附近的公厕中提取了样品，发现两者均含有同样致病菌。为了您的健康，请在提款和处理钱款后使用抗菌洗手液清洗。

Everyday health hazard 5: Cancelling plans

日常健康危害之5：取消计划

Find yourself frequently cancelling plans and bailing out on social events to have a bit oftime to yourself? Then it may be time to pay some attention to your social life. While a bit of‘me time’ is essential to good mental and physical health, too much time on your own canactually be bad for you. Research suggests that having strong social bonds promotes brainhealth, reduces feelings of depression and stress and encourages you to look after yourhealth. In fact, a study found that having few friends affects your longevityas much as smoking15 cigarettes a day.

发现自己频繁取消计划，还想摆脱社交活动，只为挤出属于自己的空闲时间?那么现在是时候在自己的社交生活中多多用心。拥有少量属于自己的时间，对于精神和身体方面是非常有益处的，但是太多属于自己的时间，反而有可能会害了你。研究显示，较强的社交联系有益于大脑的健康，同时能避免抑郁、降低压力，还能鼓励自己多关注自身的健康。事实上一项研究发现，没有朋友也会减少你的寿命，效果相当于1天抽15根烟。

医学科普文章英文版3

睡前玩iPad会影响睡眠质量

Using tablet computers like Apple’s iPad and Samsung’s Galaxy Note just before bed can lead toa poor night’s sleep, according to research.

More and more people are taking their tablets to bed with them to surf the web, checkFacebook or email before switching off the light.

But researchers are warning that the blueish light their screens emit can stop users getting agood night’s sleep.

That is because this type of light mimics daylight, convincing the brain that it is still daytime.

Blue light suppresses production of a brain chemical called melatonin, which helps us fall is because our brains have evolved to be wakeful during daylight hours.

By contrast, light which is more orange or red in tone does not suppress melatoninproduction, perhaps because our brains recognize it as a cue that the day is ending.

Neurologists have known for years that staring at screens late in the evening can disrupt sleep- be they television screens, computer screens or mobile phone screens.

However, because mobiles and tablets are by nature portable - not to say addictive - morepeople are taking them into the bedroom.

Users also tend to hold them much closer to their eyes than a computer or television screen.

Researchers at the Lighting Research Centre, at the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in NewYork, are warning that looking at tablet displays for more than two hours “leads to asuppression of our natural melatonin levels as the devices emit optical radiation at shortwavelengths” - in other words, they emit bluer light.

They say: “Although turning off devices at night is the ultimate solution, it is recommendedthat if these devices are used at night displays are dimmed as much as possible and that thetime spent on them before bed should be limited.”

They drew their conclusions after measuring melatonin levels in 13 volunteers, after they hadspent time viewing iPads at full brightness at a distance of 10 inches, for two hours.

Melatonin levels were significantly lower after they had done this, than they were after thevolunteers had viewed their iPads for the same time, but while wearing orange glass goggles,which cut out the blue light.

They wrote in the journal Applied Ergonomics that tablet makers could "tune the spectral powerdistribution of self-luminous devices" so that they disrupted the sleep patterns of users less.

It is not just a good night’s sleep that could be jeopardized by too much late night screentime.

Researchers know that persistent disruption to sleep patterns can lead to an increased risk ofobesity, and even breast cancer.

However, these studies tend to be comparisons of those with chronic sleep disruption, suchas long term shift workers, with those who have normal sleep patterns.

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