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关于红字的英语毕业论文

发布时间:2024-07-07 18:19:31

关于红字的英语毕业论文

父亲的肩膀 爸的体形有些胖,也可称得上魁梧。偎依在他宽阔的怀中,心里暖暖的,很舒服。曾经幻想着永远躺在他的怀抱中,然而“逝者如斯夫,不舍昼夜”,随着年龄的增长,渐渐告别了他的怀抱。却不知靠在他的肩膀上同样舒服,同样温暖。 一个冬日的早晨,因有事耽搁,爸怕我上学迟到,决定用摩托车送我上学。因走得急,忘了带头盔,爸骑的速度有些慢。“冷吗?”他问。“不冷。”“不冷的话,我再骑的快点儿,万一迟到了不好。趴在我肩上,坐稳了。”当我俯下去那一刻,心里一阵暖流,好长时间没有让爸背过了,曾经,那肩膀是多么熟悉:儿时做游戏,那是我的“战场”;上学时,那是我的“交通工具”;伤心时,那是我的“依靠”;快乐时,那是我的“天堂”。曾无数次地趴在那肩膀上,在爸的耳边私语;无数次地猛扑上去,跟爸搞恶作剧;无数次……儿时的快乐记忆一下子涌上心头,我觉得好激动,好幸福。� 时光如梭,无论何时俯在爸的肩上,那种感觉都是最舒服的。再次趴在他肩上,无意间,我的手触到了爸的脸,天啊,好凉!我的鼻子一阵酸楚,“爸,我爱你!”一句话就像火山喷发那样毫无准备、毫不犹豫地脱口而出。“嗯?你说什么?”“噢!没……什么。”我不知道是否有必要再重复一遍,我想,对于父亲的爱,还是别用语言,而是用心灵来传递吧!� 校门已映入眼帘,车停了,望着爸那冻得通红通红的脸,我……“总算到了,骑快了点儿,没冻着你吧!好了,快进去吧!我回去了。”我机械般 地转身踏进了校门,直到在拐角处,我才偷窃父亲,他还在向这边张望,见我走远了,才转身。看到他蹒跚的背影,不觉想起朱自清先生写的《背影》。爸老了,但从他那双满怀深情的眼中看到的却是无限的爱。

我发给你呢!

The Scarlet Letter, published in 1850, is an American novel written by Nathaniel Hawthorne and is generally considered to be his magnum opus. Set in 17th-century Puritan Boston, it tells the story of Hester Prynne, who gives birth after committing adultery, refuses to name the father, and struggles to create a new life of repentance and dignity. Throughout the novel, Hawthorne explores questions of grace, legalism, sin and guilt.[edit] Plot summaryThe Scarlet Letter. Painting by T. H. Matteson. This 1860 oil-on-canvas was made under Hawthorne's personal Scarlet Letter. Painting by T. H. Matteson. This 1860 oil-on-canvas was made under Hawthorne's personal supervision.[1]The novel begins in 17th-century Boston, Massachusetts, then a Puritan settlement. A young woman, Hester Prynne, is led from the town prison with her infant daughter in her arms and the scarlet letter “A” on her bosom. The scarlet letter "A" represents the act of adultery that she has committed and it is to be a symbol of her sin – a badge of shame – for all to see. A man in the crowd tells an elderly onlooker that Hester is being punished for adultery. Hester's husband, who is much older than she is, sent her ahead to America while he settled some affairs in Europe. However, her husband never arrived in Boston. The consensus is that he has been lost at sea. While waiting for her husband, Hester has apparently had an affair, as she has given birth to a child. She will not reveal her lover’s identity, however, and the scarlet letter, along with her public shaming, is her punishment for her sin and her secrecy. On this day Hester is led to the town scaffold and harangued by the town fathers, but she again refuses to identify her child’s father.[1]The elderly onlooker is Hester’s missing husband, who is now practicing medicine and calling himself Roger Chillingworth. He settles in Boston, intent on revenge. He reveals his true identity to no one but Hester, whom he has sworn to secrecy. Several years pass. Hester supports herself by working as a seamstress, and Pearl (her daughter) grows into a willful, impish child, who is more of a symbol than an actual character, said to be the scarlet letter come to life as both Hester's love and her punishment. Shunned by the community, they live in a small cottage on the outskirts of Boston. Community officials attempt to take Pearl away from Hester, but, with the help of Arthur Dimmesdale, an eloquent minister, the mother and daughter manage to stay together. Dimmesdale, however, appears to be wasting away and suffers from mysterious heart trouble, seemingly caused by psychological distress. Chillingworth attaches himself to the ailing minister and eventually moves in with him so that he can provide his patient with round-the-clock care. Chillingworth also suspects that there may be a connection between the minister’s torments and Hester’s secret, and he begins to test Dimmesdale to see what he can learn. One afternoon, while the minister sleeps, Chillingworth discovers something undescribed to the reader, supposedly an "A" burned into Dimmesdale's chest, which convinces him that his suspicions are correct.[1]Dimmesdale’s psychological anguish deepens, and he invents new tortures for himself. In the meantime, Hester’s charitable deeds and quiet humility have earned her a reprieve from the scorn of the community. One night, when Pearl is about seven years old, she and her mother are returning home from a visit to the deathbed of John Winthrop when they encounter Dimmesdale atop the town scaffold, trying to punish himself for his sins. Hester and Pearl join him, and the three link hands. Dimmesdale refuses Pearl’s request that he acknowledge her publicly the next day, and a meteor marks a dull red “A” in the night sky. It is interpreted by the townsfolk to mean Angel, as a prominent figure in the community had died that night, but Dimmesdale sees it as meaning Adultery. Hester can see that the minister’s condition is worsening, and she resolves to intervene. She goes to Chillingworth and asks him to stop adding to Dimmesdale’s self-torment. Chillingworth refuses. She suggests that she may reveal his identity to Dimmesdale.[1]Hester arranges an encounter with Dimmesdale in the forest because she is aware that Chillingworth knows that she plans to reveal his identity to Dimmesdale, and she wishes to protect him. While walking through the forest, the sun will not shine on Hester, though Pearl can bask in it. They then wait for Dimmesdale, and he arrives. The former lovers decide to flee to Europe, where they can live with Pearl as a family. They will take a ship sailing from Boston in four days. Both feel a sense of release, and Hester removes her scarlet letter and lets down her hair. The sun immediately breaks through the clouds and trees to illuminate her release and joy. Pearl, playing nearby, does not recognize her mother without the letter. She is unnerved and expels a shriek until her mother points out the letter on the ground. Hester beckons Pearl to come to her, but Pearl will not go to her mother until Hester buttons the letter back onto her dress. Pearl then goes to her mother. Dimmesdale gives Pearl a kiss on the forehead, which Pearl immediately tries to wash off in the brook, because he again refuses to make known publicly their relationship. However, he too clearly feels a release from the pretense of his former life, and the laws and sins he has lived day before the ship is to sail, the townspeople gather for a holiday and Dimmesdale preaches his most eloquent sermon ever. Meanwhile, Hester has learned that Chillingworth knows of their plan and has booked passage on the same ship. Dimmesdale, leaving the church after his sermon, sees Hester and Pearl standing before the town scaffold. He impulsively mounts the scaffold with his lover and his daughter, and confesses publicly, exposing the mark supposedly seared into the flesh of his chest. He falls dead just after Pearl kisses him.[1]Frustrated in his revenge, Chillingworth dies a year later. Hester and Pearl leave Boston, and no one knows what has happened to them. Many years later, Hester returns alone, still wearing the scarlet letter, to live in her old cottage and resume her charitable work. She receives occasional letters from Pearl, who was rumored to have married an European aristocrat and established a family of her own. Pearl also inherits all of Chillingworth's money even though he knows she is not his daughter. There is a sense of liberation in her and the townspeople, especially the women, who had finally begun to forgive Hester of her tragic indiscretion. When Hester dies, she is buried in "a new grave near an old and sunken one, in that burial ground beside which King's Chapel has since been built. It was near that old and sunken grave, yet with a space between, as if the dust of the two sleepers had no right to mingle. Yet one tombstone served for both." The tombstone was decorated with a letter "A", and it was used for Hester and Dimmesdale.[edit] Major themesNathaniel HawthorneNathaniel Hawthorne[edit] SinSin and knowledge are linked in the Judeo-Christian tradition. The Bible begins with the story of Adam and Eve, who were expelled from the Garden of Eden for eating from the Tree of Knowledge of Good and Evil. As a result of their knowledge, Adam and Eve are made aware of their disobedience, that which separates them from the divine and from other creatures. Once expelled from the Garden of Eden, they are forced to toil and to procreate – two “labors” that seem to define the human condition. The experience of Hester and Dimmesdale recalls the story of Adam and Eve because, in both cases, sin results in expulsion and suffering. But it also results in knowledge – specifically, in knowledge of what it means to be human. For Hester, the scarlet letter functions as “her passport into regions where other women dared not tread,” leading her to “speculate” about her society and herself more “boldly” than anyone else in New England.[2]As for Dimmesdale, the “cheating minister” of his sin gives him “sympathies so intimate with the sinful brotherhood of mankind, so that his heart vibrate[s] in unison with theirs.” His eloquent and powerful sermons derive from this sense of empathy.[2] The narrative of the Reverend Arthur Dimmesdale is quite in keeping with the oldest and most fully authorized principles in Christian thought. His "Fall" is a descent from apparent grace to his own damnation; he appears to begin in purity. He ends in corruption. The subtlety is that the minister is his own deceiver, convincing himself at every stage of his spiritual pilgrimage that he is saved.[3]The rosebush, its beauty a striking contrast to all that surrounds it – as later the beautifully embroidered scarlet A will be – is held out in part as an invitation to find “some sweet moral blossom” in the ensuing, tragic tale and in part as an image that “the deep heart of nature” (perhaps God) may look more kindly on the errant Hester and her child (the roses among the weeds) than do her Puritan neighbors. Throughout the work, the nature images contrast with the stark darkness of the Puritans and their systems.[4]Chillingworth’s misshapen body reflects (or symbolizes) the evil in his soul, which builds as the novel progresses, similar to the way Dimmesdale's illness reveals his inner turmoil. The outward man reflects the condition of the heart.[4]Although Pearl is a complex character, her primary function within the novel is as a symbol. Pearl herself is the embodiment of the scarlet letter, and Hester rightly clothes her in a beautiful dress of scarlet, embroidered with gold thread, just like the scarlet letter upon Hester's bosom. [2] Parallels can be drawn between Pearl and the character Beatrice in Rappaccini's Daughter. Both are studies in the same direction, though from different standpoints. Beatrice is nourished upon poisonous plants, until she herself becomes poisonous. Pearl, in the mysterious prenatal world, imbibes the poison of her parents' guilt.[edit] Past and presentThe clashing of past and present is explored in various ways. For example, the character of the old General, whose heroic qualities include a distinguished name, perseverance, integrity, compassion, and moral inner strength, is said to be “the soul and spirit of New England hardihood.” Now put out to pasture, he sometimes presides over the Custom House run by corrupt public servants, who skip work to sleep, allow or overlook smuggling, and are supervised by an inspector with “no power of thought, nor depth of feeling, no troublesome sensibilities,” who is honest enough but without a spiritual compass.[4]Hawthorne himself had ambivalent feelings about the role of his ancestors in his life. In his autobiographical sketch, Hawthorne described his ancestors as “dim and dusky,” “grave, bearded, sable-cloaked, and steel crowned,” “bitter persecutors” whose “better deeds” would be diminished by their bad ones. There can be little doubt of Hawthorne’s disdain for the stern morality and rigidity of the Puritans, and he imagined his predecessors’ disdainful view of him: unsuccessful in their eyes, worthless and disgraceful. “A writer of story books!” But even as he disagrees with his ancestor’s viewpoint, he also feels an instinctual connection to them and, more importantly, a “sense of place” in Salem. Their blood remains in his veins, but their intolerance and lack of humanity becomes the subject of his novel.[4][edit] Public responseThe Scarlet Letter was published in the spring of 1850 by Ticknor & Fields, beginning Hawthorne's most lucrative period.[5] When he delivered the final pages to James Thomas Fields in February 1850, Hawthorne said that "some portions of the book are powerfully written" but doubted it would be popular.[6] In fact, the book was an instant best-seller[7] though, over fourteen years, it brought its author only $1,500.[5] Its initial publication brought wide protest from natives of Salem, who did not approve of how Hawthorne had depicted them in his introduction "The Custom-House". A 2,500-copy second edition of The Scarlet Letter included a preface by Hawthorne dated March 30, 1850, that he had decided to reprint his introduction "without the change of a word... The only remarkable features of the sketch are its frank and genuine good-humor... As to enmity, or ill-feeling of any kind, personal or political, he utterly disclaims such motives".[8]The book's immediate and lasting success are due to the way it addresses spiritual and moral issues from a uniquely American standpoint. In 1850, adultery was an extremely risqué subject, but because Hawthorne had the support of the New England literary establishment, it passed easily into the realm of appropriate reading. It has been said that this work represents the height of Hawthorne's literary genius; dense with terse descriptions. It remains relevant for its philosophical and psychological depth, and continues to be read as a classic tale on a universal theme.[9]The Scarlet Letter was also one of the first mass-produced books in America. Into the mid-nineteenth century, bookbinders of home-grown literature typically hand-made their books and sold them in small quantities. The first mechanized printing of The Scarlet Letter, 2,500 volumes, sold out within ten days,[5] and was widely read and discussed to an extent not much experienced in the young country up until that time. Copies of the first edition are often sought by collectors as rare books, and may fetch up to around $6,000 its publication, critic Evert Augustus Duyckinck, a friend of Hawthorne, said he preferred the author's Washington Irving-like tales. Another friend, critic Edwin Percy Whipple, objected to the novel's "morbid intensity" with dense psychological details, writing that the book "is therefore apt to become, like Hawthorne, too painfully anatomical in his exhibition of them".[10] 20th century writer D. H. Lawrence said that there could be no more perfect work of the American imagination than The Scarlet Letter.[11][edit] Allusions* Anne Hutchinson, mentioned in Chapter 1, The Prison Door, was a religious dissenter (1591-1643). In the 1630s she was excommunicated by the Puritans and exiled from Boston and moved to Rhode Island.[4]* Martin Luther (1483-1546) was a leader of the Protestant Reformation in Germany.* Sir Thomas Overbury and Dr. Forman were the subjects of an adultery scandal in 1615 in England. Dr. Forman was charged with trying to poison his adulterous wife and her lover. Overbury was a friend of the lover and was perhaps poisoned.* John Winthrop (1588-1649), first governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony.* Richard Dawkins' Out Campaign is represented with the Scarlet Letter A emblem.[edit] Film, TV and theatrical adaptationsMain article: Film Adaptations of the Scarlet Letter1995 film poster1995 film poster* 1917: A black-and-white silent film directed by Carl Harbaugh with Mary G. Martin as Hester Prynne* 1926: A silent movie directed by Victor Sjostrom and starring Lillian Gish and Lars Hanson.* 1934: film directed by Robert G. Vignola and starring Colleen Moore* 1973: Der Scharlachrote Buchstabe a film directed by Wim Wenders in German* 1979: PBS version starring Meg Foster and John Heard* 1994: A rock musical, "The Scarlet Letter" written by Mark Governor is produced in Los Angeles.* 1995: The Scarlet Letter, a film directed by Roland Joffé and starring Demi Moore as Hester and Gary Oldman as Arthur Dimmesdale. This version is "freely adapted" from Hawthorne according to the opening credits and takes liberties with the original story.* 1996: The film Primal Fear references The Scarlet Letter.* 1996: The Marilyn Manson promotional video for the song 'Man That You Fear' obliquely references the novel.* The Red Letter Plays (In The Blood produced in 1999, and F--ing A, produced in 2000) by playwright Suzan-Lori Parks, rewrote the story placing it in contemporary New York and Houston.* 2001: A musical stage adaptation which premiered at the Fringe Festival in Edinburgh, Scotland, by Stacey Mancine, Daniel Koloski, and Simon Gray.* 2004: The Scarlet Letter is a Korean noir-thriller featuring an adulteress' monologue, that mentions a plan to raise her unborn child as Pearl in America, in a desperate plea to exit her obsessive affair.* 2008: "shAme"[1], a rock opera by Mark Governor based on "The Scarlet Letter" premieres in Los Angeles. It is a major reworking of his 1994 stage musical that was also produced in Boston in 2000 and as a radio production in Berlin in 2005. The 2000 version was endorsed and presented by the Nathaniel Hawthorne Society.[edit] References to the novelLists of miscellaneous information should be avoided. Please relocate any relevant information into appropriate sections or articles. (September 2008)[edit] Literature* The 1993 novel The Holder of the World by Bharati Mukherjee re-wrote the story, placing it in present-day Boston, Colonial America, and seventeenth-century India during the spread of the British East India Company.* Deborah Noyes wrote a companion to this novel entitled Angel and Apostle with Pearl as the main character.* Postmodern writer Kathy Acker borrows from The Scarlet Letter in her novel Blood and Guts in High School. Janie, the main character, identifies with Hester Prynne and intertwines their stories in a vulgar manner.* In the novel Speak, Hairwoman, the English teacher, refers to The Scarlet Letter in her lesson. The novel's protagonist, Melinda Sordino, is a freshman in high school who is ostracized from her fellow schoolmates during the school year, much as Hester Prynne was ostracized by the Puritans in Boston.* Maryse Condé's novel I, Tituba, Black Witch of Salem, although set at the time of the Salem witch trials, also features the character Hester Prynne.* The title of Jhumpa Lahiri's 2008 novel Unaccustomed Earth comes from a passage from the introduction to The Scarlet Letter: "Human nature will not flourish, any more than a potato, if it be planted and replanted, for too long a series of generations, in the same worn-out soil. My children have had other birthplaces, and, so far as their fortunes may be within my control, shall strike their roots into unaccustomed earth."[edit] CultureRichard Dawkins's Out Campaign for atheism uses a red scarlet "A" on webpages and clothing as an emblem of atheist identification. [12]Tennessee has drivers convicted of DUI wear vests advertising this fact while on roadside litter pick-up duty. This is a badge of shame similar to the original scarlet letter.

红字英语毕业论文角度

一、文学

1、一个值得同情的复仇者 --- 评希思克力夫被扭曲的心路历程

2、小议《红字》中红字的寓意

3、试论马克?? 吐温短篇小说的幽默特色

4、惠特曼的死亡哲学

5、“罪”与“罚”的对立统一 --- 浅析《红字》的主要人物

6、一个复杂的人 --- 《呼啸山庄》男主人公希克后性格分析

7、论《呼啸山庄》 --- 原始古朴与文明理性的交错色彩

8、一人分饰两角 --- 论《了不起的盖茨比》中“二元主角”手法的运用

9、思嘉的精神家园 --- 陶乐

10、是母亲,还是情人 --- 论《儿子与情人》中莫雷尔太太的任务性格

二、英美人文和历史研究

1,从跨文化的角度谈汉英思维及表达方式的差异

2,论美国垮掉的一代

3,美国牛仔的成功之路

4,文艺复兴在英国文学史中的作用

5,跨文化交际中英汉礼貌与面子

6,中西方饮食文化的对比研究

7,西方节日的变迁及文化内涵

8,电影《喜福会》所表现的中西方文化差异

9,中美教育制度及教育理念的对比研究

10,英汉称谓的差异及其文化内涵

我毕业论文里的两段,希望有用 The character of Hester Prynne changed significantly throughout the novel The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne. Hester Prynne, through the eyes of the Puritans, is an extreme sinner. She has gone against the Puritan ways, committing adultery. For this harsh sin, she must wear a symbol of shame for the rest of her natural life. Hester "was tall, with a figure of perfect elegance... she had dark and abundant hair, so glossy that it threw off sunshine with a gleam" . Her face was "beautiful from regularity of feature and richness of complexion" . She is a beautiful, young woman who has sinned, but is forgiven. Hawthorne makes Hester a heroin and survives to a tranquil old age just by expiating her offence. She wore the scarlet letter A, somewhat willingly, for the purpose of confessing her sin, of meditating and of reforming herself. On this point, Mark Van Doren’s comments about Hester, in my interpretation, agree with Hawthorne’s original intention. Doren said that she is “heroic in size and strength…Although she came to be Puritanism’s victim, she never surrendered the integrity of her soul. Neither did she complain of her fate. Her fate was to waste her life, yet we do not feel in the end that her life was wasted. Rather it is known, she is immortal.”⒄ Each Character has a secret sin that he or she wishes to confess and each of those sins affects the character that committed that sin as well as other characters in the story.

撰写教育学研究生论文的第一步就是确定论文的主题。但是,教育这个话题太宽泛了,必须将其缩小到更具体的内容。

选题思路

选题注意事项

拟定的选题必须结合实际,针对现实,以第一手材料为基础,必须符合事物发展规律。

选题切忌过大、过难、过旧。选题过大,既难以完成,又不好驾驭选题过旧,旧话重提,会让人觉得有抄袭之嫌。

选题时,要掌握已有的和最新的研究成果,要了解该选题的研究现状和发展趋势。既要避免重复研究,也不要人云亦云,凑热闹。要引导学生选择经过深入研究,冷静思考,确有自己见解的题目。

要选择自己获取信息、寻找图书资料方便的题目,考虑能够进行调查研究、查找文书档案、数据资料的条件,这样会更有助于写作的成功。

参考主题

The Scarlet Letter, published in 1850, is an American novel written by Nathaniel Hawthorne and is generally considered to be his magnum opus. Set in 17th-century Puritan Boston, it tells the story of Hester Prynne, who gives birth after committing adultery, refuses to name the father, and struggles to create a new life of repentance and dignity. Throughout the novel, Hawthorne explores questions of grace, legalism, sin and guilt.[edit] Plot summaryThe Scarlet Letter. Painting by T. H. Matteson. This 1860 oil-on-canvas was made under Hawthorne's personal Scarlet Letter. Painting by T. H. Matteson. This 1860 oil-on-canvas was made under Hawthorne's personal supervision.[1]The novel begins in 17th-century Boston, Massachusetts, then a Puritan settlement. A young woman, Hester Prynne, is led from the town prison with her infant daughter in her arms and the scarlet letter “A” on her bosom. The scarlet letter "A" represents the act of adultery that she has committed and it is to be a symbol of her sin – a badge of shame – for all to see. A man in the crowd tells an elderly onlooker that Hester is being punished for adultery. Hester's husband, who is much older than she is, sent her ahead to America while he settled some affairs in Europe. However, her husband never arrived in Boston. The consensus is that he has been lost at sea. While waiting for her husband, Hester has apparently had an affair, as she has given birth to a child. She will not reveal her lover’s identity, however, and the scarlet letter, along with her public shaming, is her punishment for her sin and her secrecy. On this day Hester is led to the town scaffold and harangued by the town fathers, but she again refuses to identify her child’s father.[1]The elderly onlooker is Hester’s missing husband, who is now practicing medicine and calling himself Roger Chillingworth. He settles in Boston, intent on revenge. He reveals his true identity to no one but Hester, whom he has sworn to secrecy. Several years pass. Hester supports herself by working as a seamstress, and Pearl (her daughter) grows into a willful, impish child, who is more of a symbol than an actual character, said to be the scarlet letter come to life as both Hester's love and her punishment. Shunned by the community, they live in a small cottage on the outskirts of Boston. Community officials attempt to take Pearl away from Hester, but, with the help of Arthur Dimmesdale, an eloquent minister, the mother and daughter manage to stay together. Dimmesdale, however, appears to be wasting away and suffers from mysterious heart trouble, seemingly caused by psychological distress. Chillingworth attaches himself to the ailing minister and eventually moves in with him so that he can provide his patient with round-the-clock care. Chillingworth also suspects that there may be a connection between the minister’s torments and Hester’s secret, and he begins to test Dimmesdale to see what he can learn. One afternoon, while the minister sleeps, Chillingworth discovers something undescribed to the reader, supposedly an "A" burned into Dimmesdale's chest, which convinces him that his suspicions are correct.[1]Dimmesdale’s psychological anguish deepens, and he invents new tortures for himself. In the meantime, Hester’s charitable deeds and quiet humility have earned her a reprieve from the scorn of the community. One night, when Pearl is about seven years old, she and her mother are returning home from a visit to the deathbed of John Winthrop when they encounter Dimmesdale atop the town scaffold, trying to punish himself for his sins. Hester and Pearl join him, and the three link hands. Dimmesdale refuses Pearl’s request that he acknowledge her publicly the next day, and a meteor marks a dull red “A” in the night sky. It is interpreted by the townsfolk to mean Angel, as a prominent figure in the community had died that night, but Dimmesdale sees it as meaning Adultery. Hester can see that the minister’s condition is worsening, and she resolves to intervene. She goes to Chillingworth and asks him to stop adding to Dimmesdale’s self-torment. Chillingworth refuses. She suggests that she may reveal his identity to Dimmesdale.[1]Hester arranges an encounter with Dimmesdale in the forest because she is aware that Chillingworth knows that she plans to reveal his identity to Dimmesdale, and she wishes to protect him. While walking through the forest, the sun will not shine on Hester, though Pearl can bask in it. They then wait for Dimmesdale, and he arrives. The former lovers decide to flee to Europe, where they can live with Pearl as a family. They will take a ship sailing from Boston in four days. Both feel a sense of release, and Hester removes her scarlet letter and lets down her hair. The sun immediately breaks through the clouds and trees to illuminate her release and joy. Pearl, playing nearby, does not recognize her mother without the letter. She is unnerved and expels a shriek until her mother points out the letter on the ground. Hester beckons Pearl to come to her, but Pearl will not go to her mother until Hester buttons the letter back onto her dress. Pearl then goes to her mother. Dimmesdale gives Pearl a kiss on the forehead, which Pearl immediately tries to wash off in the brook, because he again refuses to make known publicly their relationship. However, he too clearly feels a release from the pretense of his former life, and the laws and sins he has lived day before the ship is to sail, the townspeople gather for a holiday and Dimmesdale preaches his most eloquent sermon ever. Meanwhile, Hester has learned that Chillingworth knows of their plan and has booked passage on the same ship. Dimmesdale, leaving the church after his sermon, sees Hester and Pearl standing before the town scaffold. He impulsively mounts the scaffold with his lover and his daughter, and confesses publicly, exposing the mark supposedly seared into the flesh of his chest. He falls dead just after Pearl kisses him.[1]Frustrated in his revenge, Chillingworth dies a year later. Hester and Pearl leave Boston, and no one knows what has happened to them. Many years later, Hester returns alone, still wearing the scarlet letter, to live in her old cottage and resume her charitable work. She receives occasional letters from Pearl, who was rumored to have married an European aristocrat and established a family of her own. Pearl also inherits all of Chillingworth's money even though he knows she is not his daughter. There is a sense of liberation in her and the townspeople, especially the women, who had finally begun to forgive Hester of her tragic indiscretion. When Hester dies, she is buried in "a new grave near an old and sunken one, in that burial ground beside which King's Chapel has since been built. It was near that old and sunken grave, yet with a space between, as if the dust of the two sleepers had no right to mingle. Yet one tombstone served for both." The tombstone was decorated with a letter "A", and it was used for Hester and Dimmesdale.[edit] Major themesNathaniel HawthorneNathaniel Hawthorne[edit] SinSin and knowledge are linked in the Judeo-Christian tradition. The Bible begins with the story of Adam and Eve, who were expelled from the Garden of Eden for eating from the Tree of Knowledge of Good and Evil. As a result of their knowledge, Adam and Eve are made aware of their disobedience, that which separates them from the divine and from other creatures. Once expelled from the Garden of Eden, they are forced to toil and to procreate – two “labors” that seem to define the human condition. The experience of Hester and Dimmesdale recalls the story of Adam and Eve because, in both cases, sin results in expulsion and suffering. But it also results in knowledge – specifically, in knowledge of what it means to be human. For Hester, the scarlet letter functions as “her passport into regions where other women dared not tread,” leading her to “speculate” about her society and herself more “boldly” than anyone else in New England.[2]As for Dimmesdale, the “cheating minister” of his sin gives him “sympathies so intimate with the sinful brotherhood of mankind, so that his heart vibrate[s] in unison with theirs.” His eloquent and powerful sermons derive from this sense of empathy.[2] The narrative of the Reverend Arthur Dimmesdale is quite in keeping with the oldest and most fully authorized principles in Christian thought. His "Fall" is a descent from apparent grace to his own damnation; he appears to begin in purity. He ends in corruption. The subtlety is that the minister is his own deceiver, convincing himself at every stage of his spiritual pilgrimage that he is saved.[3]The rosebush, its beauty a striking contrast to all that surrounds it – as later the beautifully embroidered scarlet A will be – is held out in part as an invitation to find “some sweet moral blossom” in the ensuing, tragic tale and in part as an image that “the deep heart of nature” (perhaps God) may look more kindly on the errant Hester and her child (the roses among the weeds) than do her Puritan neighbors. Throughout the work, the nature images contrast with the stark darkness of the Puritans and their systems.[4]Chillingworth’s misshapen body reflects (or symbolizes) the evil in his soul, which builds as the novel progresses, similar to the way Dimmesdale's illness reveals his inner turmoil. The outward man reflects the condition of the heart.[4]Although Pearl is a complex character, her primary function within the novel is as a symbol. Pearl herself is the embodiment of the scarlet letter, and Hester rightly clothes her in a beautiful dress of scarlet, embroidered with gold thread, just like the scarlet letter upon Hester's bosom. [2] Parallels can be drawn between Pearl and the character Beatrice in Rappaccini's Daughter. Both are studies in the same direction, though from different standpoints. Beatrice is nourished upon poisonous plants, until she herself becomes poisonous. Pearl, in the mysterious prenatal world, imbibes the poison of her parents' guilt.[edit] Past and presentThe clashing of past and present is explored in various ways. For example, the character of the old General, whose heroic qualities include a distinguished name, perseverance, integrity, compassion, and moral inner strength, is said to be “the soul and spirit of New England hardihood.” Now put out to pasture, he sometimes presides over the Custom House run by corrupt public servants, who skip work to sleep, allow or overlook smuggling, and are supervised by an inspector with “no power of thought, nor depth of feeling, no troublesome sensibilities,” who is honest enough but without a spiritual compass.[4]Hawthorne himself had ambivalent feelings about the role of his ancestors in his life. In his autobiographical sketch, Hawthorne described his ancestors as “dim and dusky,” “grave, bearded, sable-cloaked, and steel crowned,” “bitter persecutors” whose “better deeds” would be diminished by their bad ones. There can be little doubt of Hawthorne’s disdain for the stern morality and rigidity of the Puritans, and he imagined his predecessors’ disdainful view of him: unsuccessful in their eyes, worthless and disgraceful. “A writer of story books!” But even as he disagrees with his ancestor’s viewpoint, he also feels an instinctual connection to them and, more importantly, a “sense of place” in Salem. Their blood remains in his veins, but their intolerance and lack of humanity becomes the subject of his novel.[4][edit] Public responseThe Scarlet Letter was published in the spring of 1850 by Ticknor & Fields, beginning Hawthorne's most lucrative period.[5] When he delivered the final pages to James Thomas Fields in February 1850, Hawthorne said that "some portions of the book are powerfully written" but doubted it would be popular.[6] In fact, the book was an instant best-seller[7] though, over fourteen years, it brought its author only $1,500.[5] Its initial publication brought wide protest from natives of Salem, who did not approve of how Hawthorne had depicted them in his introduction "The Custom-House". A 2,500-copy second edition of The Scarlet Letter included a preface by Hawthorne dated March 30, 1850, that he had decided to reprint his introduction "without the change of a word... The only remarkable features of the sketch are its frank and genuine good-humor... As to enmity, or ill-feeling of any kind, personal or political, he utterly disclaims such motives".[8]The book's immediate and lasting success are due to the way it addresses spiritual and moral issues from a uniquely American standpoint. In 1850, adultery was an extremely risqué subject, but because Hawthorne had the support of the New England literary establishment, it passed easily into the realm of appropriate reading. It has been said that this work represents the height of Hawthorne's literary genius; dense with terse descriptions. It remains relevant for its philosophical and psychological depth, and continues to be read as a classic tale on a universal theme.[9]The Scarlet Letter was also one of the first mass-produced books in America. Into the mid-nineteenth century, bookbinders of home-grown literature typically hand-made their books and sold them in small quantities. The first mechanized printing of The Scarlet Letter, 2,500 volumes, sold out within ten days,[5] and was widely read and discussed to an extent not much experienced in the young country up until that time. Copies of the first edition are often sought by collectors as rare books, and may fetch up to around $6,000 its publication, critic Evert Augustus Duyckinck, a friend of Hawthorne, said he preferred the author's Washington Irving-like tales. Another friend, critic Edwin Percy Whipple, objected to the novel's "morbid intensity" with dense psychological details, writing that the book "is therefore apt to become, like Hawthorne, too painfully anatomical in his exhibition of them".[10] 20th century writer D. H. Lawrence said that there could be no more perfect work of the American imagination than The Scarlet Letter.[11][edit] Allusions* Anne Hutchinson, mentioned in Chapter 1, The Prison Door, was a religious dissenter (1591-1643). In the 1630s she was excommunicated by the Puritans and exiled from Boston and moved to Rhode Island.[4]* Martin Luther (1483-1546) was a leader of the Protestant Reformation in Germany.* Sir Thomas Overbury and Dr. Forman were the subjects of an adultery scandal in 1615 in England. Dr. Forman was charged with trying to poison his adulterous wife and her lover. Overbury was a friend of the lover and was perhaps poisoned.* John Winthrop (1588-1649), first governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony.* Richard Dawkins' Out Campaign is represented with the Scarlet Letter A emblem.[edit] Film, TV and theatrical adaptationsMain article: Film Adaptations of the Scarlet Letter1995 film poster1995 film poster* 1917: A black-and-white silent film directed by Carl Harbaugh with Mary G. Martin as Hester Prynne* 1926: A silent movie directed by Victor Sjostrom and starring Lillian Gish and Lars Hanson.* 1934: film directed by Robert G. Vignola and starring Colleen Moore* 1973: Der Scharlachrote Buchstabe a film directed by Wim Wenders in German* 1979: PBS version starring Meg Foster and John Heard* 1994: A rock musical, "The Scarlet Letter" written by Mark Governor is produced in Los Angeles.* 1995: The Scarlet Letter, a film directed by Roland Joffé and starring Demi Moore as Hester and Gary Oldman as Arthur Dimmesdale. This version is "freely adapted" from Hawthorne according to the opening credits and takes liberties with the original story.* 1996: The film Primal Fear references The Scarlet Letter.* 1996: The Marilyn Manson promotional video for the song 'Man That You Fear' obliquely references the novel.* The Red Letter Plays (In The Blood produced in 1999, and F--ing A, produced in 2000) by playwright Suzan-Lori Parks, rewrote the story placing it in contemporary New York and Houston.* 2001: A musical stage adaptation which premiered at the Fringe Festival in Edinburgh, Scotland, by Stacey Mancine, Daniel Koloski, and Simon Gray.* 2004: The Scarlet Letter is a Korean noir-thriller featuring an adulteress' monologue, that mentions a plan to raise her unborn child as Pearl in America, in a desperate plea to exit her obsessive affair.* 2008: "shAme"[1], a rock opera by Mark Governor based on "The Scarlet Letter" premieres in Los Angeles. It is a major reworking of his 1994 stage musical that was also produced in Boston in 2000 and as a radio production in Berlin in 2005. The 2000 version was endorsed and presented by the Nathaniel Hawthorne Society.[edit] References to the novelLists of miscellaneous information should be avoided. Please relocate any relevant information into appropriate sections or articles. (September 2008)[edit] Literature* The 1993 novel The Holder of the World by Bharati Mukherjee re-wrote the story, placing it in present-day Boston, Colonial America, and seventeenth-century India during the spread of the British East India Company.* Deborah Noyes wrote a companion to this novel entitled Angel and Apostle with Pearl as the main character.* Postmodern writer Kathy Acker borrows from The Scarlet Letter in her novel Blood and Guts in High School. Janie, the main character, identifies with Hester Prynne and intertwines their stories in a vulgar manner.* In the novel Speak, Hairwoman, the English teacher, refers to The Scarlet Letter in her lesson. The novel's protagonist, Melinda Sordino, is a freshman in high school who is ostracized from her fellow schoolmates during the school year, much as Hester Prynne was ostracized by the Puritans in Boston.* Maryse Condé's novel I, Tituba, Black Witch of Salem, although set at the time of the Salem witch trials, also features the character Hester Prynne.* The title of Jhumpa Lahiri's 2008 novel Unaccustomed Earth comes from a passage from the introduction to The Scarlet Letter: "Human nature will not flourish, any more than a potato, if it be planted and replanted, for too long a series of generations, in the same worn-out soil. My children have had other birthplaces, and, so far as their fortunes may be within my control, shall strike their roots into unaccustomed earth."[edit] CultureRichard Dawkins's Out Campaign for atheism uses a red scarlet "A" on webpages and clothing as an emblem of atheist identification. [12]Tennessee has drivers convicted of DUI wear vests advertising this fact while on roadside litter pick-up duty. This is a badge of shame similar to the original scarlet letter.

关于语用学的英语毕业论文

可以写家庭,也可以写发生过有趣的事情

提供一些英语专业的毕业论文题目,供参考。

phonetics 语音学----the study of sounds used in linguistic 音系学(音位学)morphology 词法学syntax 句法学semantics 语义学pragmatics 语用学Second language acqusition discourse analysis

1、 “在中国做一年大使”项目外籍教师跨文化培训的设计与评价

2、 中国大学生使用英语空间动介构式的历时研究

3、 会话隐型含义的理论与实验语用学研究

4、 英汉交传中的译语过度冗余及应对策略——以《人类的明天》新书分享会为例

5、 汉英交传中笔记有效性不足及应对策略——以“产业政策思辨会”模拟会议为例

6、 在译前缺乏有关会议材料状况下应对术语策略探讨——以2018年苹果秋季新品发布会英汉同传为例

7、 中国历史人物传记英译项目中专名处理的难点及对策——以《九世班禅传》英译为例

8、 英语写作原则在汉译英中的运用——以《40人看40年》翻译项目为例

9、 外媒新闻报道翻译中涉华信息的准确传递——以一组国外时政新闻的英译中为例

10、 多媒体资源在旅行指南翻译中的辅助作用——以《孤独星球·美国》英译汉项目为例

11、 汉英交替传译中话语标记语的翻译及策略——以“‘朗润·格致’产业政策思辨会”模拟会议为例

12、 中文合同英译的法律术语误译原因及对策浅析——以一组房屋租赁合同英译项目为例

13、 从表演效果的角度看剧本翻译策略——以某影视培训项目的一组剧本为例

14、 机器翻译中译前编辑措施研究——以《2018全球城市论坛实录》翻译为例

15、 家具类产品手册英汉翻译的难点及对策——以北欧某家具品牌产品手册英译汉项目为例

关于英语专业的全英毕业论文

可以写的 私信我

下面我们来说说英语专业的毕业论文怎么写:

英语专业能选择的方向包括翻译、教学、语言学、文学等主要几大类。从身边同学撰写的感受来看,翻译和文字方向比较好下手,相比之下,教学研究调查类论文则需要花大量时间收集资料,出问卷,访谈,做数据分析等等。这里主要谈一谈翻译类方向如何确定选题。首先,要确定自己的研究文本, 可以是一本书,一部电影,实地景点翻译研究等等……主要是选择自己感兴趣的研究对象,毕竟撰写论文是一个十分漫长且枯燥的过程,选一个喜欢的文本会是你想坚持下去的理由。其次就是选择一个比较合适但是又不要太常见的翻译理论,比如功能对等,目的论啥的,再结合文本中某一个比较细小的角度去研究。总之,翻译理论,文本,切入点三者必须有一两个比较创新,这样不容易撞题。

我去年自己去参加开题答辩的时候,同一个答辩场竟然有两位同学跟我理论和切入点一模一样! ! 不过幸好我的文本比较新,也花了很多心思,最后拿到了优秀论文嘻嘻。这里提醒大家,选题不要过于着急,而且在选题的过程中要反复去知网查证自己选的理论能否适用于自己的翻译文本研究,相关的研究多不多,早期多投入一些时间,后期开始撰写的时候几乎没有太大问题。

其实本科生的论文大多都是没什么内容的,因为都是在总结前人的研究成果,关键是你会不会用自己的话去阐述,从而避免知网查证不合格的想象发生。翻译方向的论文只有第四章是自己的内容,这一章节需要花大量时间寻找最合适的例子,将理论运用其中,达到你最终的目的。这里需要大家注意的是,千万不要出现低级的语法语言错误,这样你会被你的导师批斗死。不要指望导师给你该内容该语法,他只会给你基本的大方向和建议,论文的撰写完全要靠自己。

在学校查重之前,建议大家最好自己去查重一下。Paper系列里面建议使用PaperPP,相对准确一点。turnitin也是一个比较常见的英文论文查重系统,个人觉得偏高一点,价格在元/千字。除了这个,知网、维普、万方也是可以查重英文论文的,turnitin的查重率在百分之20,学校知网查重结果百分之7,如果大家查重费用比较充足,可以直接用知网,结果是最准确的。

论文答辩我觉得最重要的就是要熟悉自己的论文,熟悉到答辩老师一问你就知道是在论文的哪一章节,哪一位置,最好提前预设一下问题我还是比较幸运的,被问到的三个问题有导师之前就问过我的,有的是我准备到的。实在不懂的话,就直接道歉吧,俗话说的好,答辩答辩,只答不辨,疯狂道歉哈哈。

好了,今天就讲到这里了,希望今年的考研er都要加油呀!写论文也不可怕,合理安排好时间,你一定既能考上研也能拿到优秀论文,祝你好运!

参考资料:《英语专业的毕业论文怎么写?》

不会,我可以

你要是找国淘论文写作,就不会出现这种问题了好不好?1.题名规范 题名应简明、具体、确切,能概括论文的特定内容,有助于选定关键词,符合编制题录、索引和检索的有关原则。2.命题方式3.撰写 英文题名的注意事项 ①英文题名以短语为主要形式,尤以名词短语最常见,即题名基本上由一个或几个名词加上其前置和(或)后置定语构成;短语型题名要确定好中心词,再进行前后修饰。各个词的顺序很重要,词序不当,会导致表达不准。②一般不要用陈述句,因为题名主要起标示作用,而陈述句容易使题名具有判断式的语义,且不够精炼和醒目。少数情况(评述性、综述性和驳斥性)下可以用疑问句做题名,因为疑问句有探讨性语气,易引起读者兴趣。③同一篇论文的英文题名与中文题名内容上应一致,但不等于说词语要一一对应。在许多情况下,个别非实质性的词可以省略或变动。④国外科技期刊一般对题名字数有所限制,有的规定题名不超过2行,每行不超过42个印刷符号和空格;有的要求题名不超过14个词。这些规定可供我们参考 。 ⑤在论文的英文题名中。凡可用可不用的冠词均不用。

关于英语教育的论文6000字

关于英语教育的论文

引言

近些年来,我国非常重视发展职业教育,并且已经取得了理想的发展效果,职业教育已经逐渐发展成为和本科教育并行的教育类型。很多的高职院校都高度重视精品课程建设,专业课程中的职业特色越发显著,但是,在高职院校当中,与专业教学迅猛的发展态势相比较,英语教学的发展却略显落后,因此,当前高职院校的重要任务之一就是要加强英语教育和职业教育之间的关系,想尽办法在高职英语教育当中尽可能地体现出职业教育。

一、立足英语教材,激发学生的学习兴趣

俗语有云:兴趣是最好的老师。的确如此,不管是学习还是其他事情,有了兴趣便拥有了强有力的推动力,英语教师必须要让学生们认识到学习英语知识的重要价值,想尽办法来激发出学生的学习兴趣。这就要求英语教师,必须要彻底扭转传统教学的课堂教学模式,在立足英语教材的基础之上,尽可能地吸引学生们的注意力,比如,英语教师可以充分借助多媒体教学技术来进行教学。

在高职院校英语教材中,非常重视激发和培养学生的学习兴趣,几乎全部的课文都需要充分的课前准备部分,诸如英文歌曲、谜语或者小型游戏等等,其目的就是为了要在正式上课之前,充分调动起学生们学习的积极性。英语教师要想在英语教学中充分展现出职业教育,就必须要确保自己能够全面吃透教材,将英语教材中的内容活化或者生活化,让学生们感觉到书本内容是非常吸引力的,是和他们真实的生活有着紧密联系的',重点是要激发出学生们强烈的求知欲望。

二、以教师为中心,加强职业教育

现阶段,高职院校的学生,英语水平是参差不齐的,而且整体水平都比较低。无论是听说还是读写的能力都比较差,有一部分学生对英语学习根本就提不起兴趣,态度也是非常不端正的,在他们的观念中存在着一个非常错误的思想,那就是职业院校就是学习技术的,其他的理论课程都不重要。面对这样的情况,英语教师必须要首先从学生们的思想着手,让学生们了解到英语学习在职业教育当中的重要性,重点对学生进行素质教育。绝大部分的学生对英语是有反感和厌倦情绪的,英语教师必须要找到一个合适的方式,鼓励学生,帮助他们摆脱心理上的阴影。

三、重点培训学生的职业英语技能

在高职学院当中,英语学习的一个重要导向,便是就业,因此,英语教师要将自己的教学重点,放在职业英语技能的培养上面。高职院校,也要进一步明确英语课程教学的目标,为学生们步入社会,参与就业奠定更加坚实的基础,可以考虑将英语教学的目标,在教学计划当中加入职业证书。

诸如,在我国山东省便有英语口语证书、高职英语应用能力三级证书等等,以此为目标,同时也是教学的基础,来进一步强化学生们的英语技能,让学生们能够更好地满足就业人员的英语要求,确保学生们能够讲一套流利的口语,能够拥有敏锐的听力,同时能够对各种英文资料进行基础的翻译。

在高职院校当中,可以增设职场英语的专门课程,重点加强对学生们的听说能力的训练,同时开设就业英语等为选修科目,来更好地熟悉英语,提高英语的应用能力。高职院校要认识到,英语课堂只能算是一个基础的教育场所,要想让学生们学习到更好的英语知识,全面提高学生们的英语应用能力,高职院校可以将实训课纳入到英语教学当中来,由专业教师领导学生们一起进入到企业内部参观与学习,了解在实际的工作当中需要如何应用英语去解决问题,为学生们创设更加真实的学习环境,同时,也要学生们真正认识到英语知识在生活与工作当中的重要价值。

四、职业教育,需要重点提高学生们的应用能力

在实际的英语课堂教学过程中,英语教师需要将学生放在第一位,时时刻刻以学生的学习需求为主,适时适当地调整和变化自己的教学策略,设置不同的教学情境,布置不同的教学任务,切忌再盲目沿用教师为中心的传统教学方式,让学生们在课堂上拥有更多的发言权利,同时,也能够提出自己的看法和建议。

比如,在讲授网络“Internet”的过程中,学生们是非常熟悉和了解网络这个东西的,所以,英语教师可以让学生们讨论,将他们能够联想到的与网络相关的词汇都汇总起来,分别讲述给大家听,职业教育就是要更具针对性,更加职业化,要更具实效性和实用性。

五、结束语

综上所述,在高职英语教育过程中,无论是学校领导还是英语教师,都要认识到高职英语教育和一般本科学校的英语教育的区别,高职的英语教育会更加偏向职业化,所以,其英语教育就必须要更具针对性和实用性。

小学英语 教育 的多元化已成为一种发展趋势,面对初学者低龄时听说能力发展的黄金时期,教师要培养和保持学生对 英语学习 的较浓兴趣,把握良机,渲染英语课堂气氛,引发学生的兴趣和求知欲。下面是我给大家推荐的小学英语教育专业 毕业 论文,希望大家喜欢!小学英语教育专业毕业论文篇一 《小学英语兴趣教育的探索实践》 【摘要】本文作者 总结 自身教学经历,结合小学英语教学中一些具体实践、做法和感受,介绍小学英语兴趣教学的方式 方法 , 文章 采取举例法,分别对字母教学、新单词呈现以及教学临场应变中激发英语学习兴趣的做法进行阐述、说明,强调英语兴趣教学的重要作用和良好效果,对年轻教师的教学实践具有很好的指导作用。 【关键词】英语兴趣教学实践 在小学英语教学中,教学形式重复和教授方法单一的现象仍然普遍存在,造成学生认为英语课程枯燥,学习兴趣不浓。实践证明, 学习英语 ,兴趣是最好的老师。小学生好动、贪玩,但对新鲜事物充满好奇、兴趣,因此,教师在英语教学中不断地创新施教形式和 教学方法 ,可以有效凝聚学生的注意力,激发和保持小学生的学习兴趣。 一、趣味学字母 字母教学是英语基础教学中的一个重要环节,字母学习如果充满乐趣,学得轻松,就为以后的英语学习打下了良而坚实的基础。因此,在学习字母阶段,应利用一切可利用的资源,创设情境,让学生和字母做游戏,交朋友。 新授时,利用幻灯片,如椅子变成小写字母h,哑铃变成大写字母I等,还可以编写一些儿歌帮助学生记忆字母的形状,如:大写M象高山,两座高山肩并肩;大写N三兄弟,手牵手不分离。这个儿歌不仅提示了形状而且还提示了笔画数。(音标教学也可以采用此方法帮助学生记忆发音特点,例如:双元音〔au〕,小胖猪真贪多,大大西瓜摆上桌,嘴张大,啃得多,〔au〕、〔au〕! 操练和练习时,可采用下面的游戏: 1、What’s missing?抽去一张字母卡片,让学生说出什么没有了。 2、左邻右舍。教师出示一个字母,让他的左邻右舍的学生快速上讲台,站在相应的位置上,其余学生一起认读这几个字母。 3、教师或一名学生可用手指、下巴、手肘、脚等身体部位在空中“写”字母,学生猜或教师发指令,学生在课桌上、椅子上、文具盒上、地板上等不同地方练习写字母,或同桌之间相互在手心或脊背上写字母,让对方猜。 4、按发音归类时,可玩“招兵买马”的游戏,找出五个手持元音字母的学生当大将军,其余学生当兵卒去投靠将军。 等等…… 在教学巩固时,一是可以采用儿歌突破难点;二是手势掌握重点。如在教唱“ABC Song”时,可这样结合手语伴唱(图略);三是形象化增加趣味,如出示一张写有“日”字的卡片,让学生观察并说出所含有的大写字母,或找出某些图形中的字母;四是可采用猜 谜语 的方式,1-1不等于0,(H)。1+3不等于4或耳朵一边长,(B)。子弹射出枪,(j)。弹弓没皮筋,(Y)。扎个小辨俏模样,(a)等等。 二、新单词呈现方法 学生对语言材料感知和理解的效果,在很大程度上取决于教师呈现知识的方式、方法和过程,以及教师与学生在认知过程的相互协调。导入和呈现方法的多样性,在英语新授课程中起着十分关键的作用,总结归纳起来有以下几种: 1、直观呈现法。包括实物、卡片、教学挂图、 简笔画 、幻灯片、多媒体课件等,使学生所学知识建立在感性的基础上,从而让学生学得深刻、记得牢固。 2、游戏呈现法。采取 魔术 等游戏方法学习新单词,能够唤起学生思维的积极活动,引发学生的无意注意,变枯燥的教学内容为丰富多彩的游戏活动,让学生在玩中学,可以收到事半功倍的效果。 3、体态语呈现法。采用这种呈现方法,教师教得轻松,学生学得愉快。比如在教jump,walk,sit,stand等动词时,教师可直接做动作,一些名词可参照手语。 4、悬念、谜语呈现法。如在教授水果类单词时,教师先绘画出一个圆圈问学生,“what’s this?”,学生会根据自己的想象回答,“It’s a ball. or It’s a face.”等等。接着教师从不同的角度添加寥寥数笔后,使圆圈变成苹果、梨、橘子等等。 5、以旧带新呈现法。人们在感知事物时,与该事物有关的知识 经验 越丰富,感知就越迅速、越全面。因此,要使学生获新的知识,教师可在热身运动warming-up阶段,通过各种形式的练习来强化旧的知识,在复习旧知识的基础上,进行新知识的教学。 三、应变出精彩 一直以来,通过对课堂教学的预设以取得课堂教学的满堂喝彩是英语教师的孜孜以求。在“目标-过程-结果”的演变序列中,除了预设的精彩,伴随着课堂教学活动的展开,会萌生出许多无法预料的精彩。教师若能善于捕捉,善于利用,那么一个个超越预设,洋溢着弥香的精彩教学瞬间就会随时呈现,下面的教学案例就可以充分反映这一点: 1、在一次公开课前,教师的课件、录音机、投影仪等准备一应俱全,可偏偏这时停电了,教室里顿时弥漫着无奈的气息。尽管辛辛苦苦制作的课件没有派上用场,但教师凭着教学图片、简笔画功底也完成了一个简约、朴素的传统课堂教学,产生了别有一番情趣和效果,可以说教师扎实的基本功同样是成就教学精彩的基本元素。 2、在一次课堂教学中,由于一名学生个子矮小够不到板书,无法完成教学游戏,教师便将其抱起完成了这组教学游戏,学生显得非常兴奋。为此,教师得到灵感,将相关教学游戏拓展为同组队员互助完成的形式,既增进了同学之间的友谊和协作意识,、学生的参与兴趣也更浓了,课堂气氛更加融洽、向上。 3、在一次“传辫子帽子”女孩介绍自己的游戏中,辫子帽子意外的落到一个男生手中,学生们以为老师会换一个女生来介绍,教师却鼓励这个男生用女孩的声音介绍了自己,引起学生的哄堂大笑和高度关注,有效激发了学生的参与和学习语言的热情,锻炼了学生的口语能力和胆量,巩固了记忆效果。 小学阶段英语教学模式应符合少年 儿童 的心理特征和年龄特点,遵循中国小学生学习外语的规律和语境。实践证明,小学英语实施兴趣教学可以为学生营造一个愉快轻松的教学环境,既培养了学生兴趣,又减轻了学生的心理负担,促进了学生学习英语从“要我学”向“我要学”、“我想学”的方向转变,对培养学生英语学习兴趣、克服语言学习的畏难情绪和减轻中学阶段英语学习畏难情绪及压力具有积极的意义。 作者简介:汤利利,女,1973年8月生,沈阳师范大学英语专业本科,小学高级教师,从事英语教学17年。 小学英语教育专业毕业论文篇二 《提高小学英语课堂教学效果的实践与探索》 摘要:课堂是学校教育的主阵地,是学生学习 文化 知识、开发智力、提升能力的主要 渠道 ,其教学效果如何直接关系着学生的学习成绩和素质。因此,我们教师要重视课堂教学效果的提高。本文中笔者结合自己的教学经验,主要从精心备课,以保证课堂教学顺利进行;激发兴趣,促使学生主动学习;讲究提问技巧,激活学生的英语思维;多维度整合,优化教学方法和手段四方面就如何提高小学英语课堂教学效果探究一二。 关键词:小学英语 课堂教学 效果 新课程改革的到来,给教师教学带来了一股清新的气息,同时也提出了新的要求,如何将新课程中先进的教育理念更好地落实到英语教学中来,并努力探索出一条适合新课程标准要求的英语教学之路,全面提高英语教学效果,无疑是我们面临的一个重要课题。经过长期的思考与实践,对此,笔者认为可采取以下方法。 一、精心备课,以保证课堂教学顺利进行 精心备课是课堂教学顺利进行的基础。它包括备教材、备学生等。而备课越充分,教案设计得越详细、越科学合理,课堂教学效果才会越高。因此,我们要重视备课。首先,教师要深入钻研教材,熟练掌握教材内容,明确一节课的重点和难点,从而合理安排教学内容;其次,教师要了解学生的英语知识水平、思想动态以及接受能力等方面的情况,以结合学生实际灵活安排教法,做好课堂调控。只有这样,教师上课时才能得心应手,左右逢源。 二、激发兴趣,促使学生主动学习 兴趣是最好的老师。托尔斯泰说过:“成功的教学所需要的不是强制而是激发学生兴趣。”小学英语是入门教学,教师应该把培养学生学习英语的兴趣放在首位。为此,教师在教学过程中要采用各种方法,有意识地培养学生对英语的学习兴趣,使他们处在最佳的学习状态中,好学、乐学、善学。 1.导入激趣。良好的开端是成功的一半。在课堂教学中导入正是起着这样的作用。成功的导入,可以使学生兴趣盎然、精力集中、思维活跃,理解和记忆的质量也会相应提高。导入的方法有很多,如歌曲式导入、提问式导入、多媒体课件导入等,只要教师结合小学生的身心特点,根据教学内容,合理选择导入方法,就一定能使学生产生“欲知而后快”的期待心理,主动进入学习状态。需要注意的是新课导入时教师切忌舍近求远,在谈了一大堆与本课课题风马牛不相及的东西后,才迂回到本课新话题,造成课堂教学时间的严重浪费。 2.游戏激趣。小学生年龄小,爱玩好动,而游戏教学正好符合小学生的这一身心特点,在英语教学中,教师可根据教学内容,安排各种游戏活动,让学生参与其中,从而使之在玩中掌握各种英语知识。这不仅能够强化学生的英语技能,满足他们寻求知识、展示自我的心理需要,还活跃了学生的思维,使学生更加主动地投入到了英语学习之中。 三、讲究提问技巧,激活学生的英语思维 学生的思维过程往往是从问题开始的,成功的提问能够一石激起千层浪,有效激活学生的思维,引发学生思考。教学中教师应讲究提问技巧,从学生实际出发,根据教学内容,采用不同的方法。具体来说,需要注意以下几点:一是提问要明确、清晰。教师要把问题交代清楚,必要时将一些问题口语化,让学生听清楚教师在问什么。二是提问要适时。教师要把握最佳时机提问,即要在学生“心求通而未得,口欲言而不能”的状态下提出相应的问题,从而使学生能化解难点、深化认识。三是提问不宜太多。一堂课如果有太多的问题,让学生长时间地处在思考中,学生就会厌倦、懈怠,学习效果就会明显下降。因此应给学生足够的练习、讨论时间,多设计一些问中有练、练中有问的题型,提问与练习两者互相融合。四是提问要难易适度。教师的课堂提问不能过于简单,仅让学生回答“是”或“不是”,也不能过于有难度,应照顾到大多数学生,保证学生都有机会参与答问。五是要留给学生足够的时间思考。教师提问后不能要求学生立刻给出答案,应提供他们思考的时间,这样才能保证学生对问题的充分理解。 四、多维度整合,优化教学方法和手段 课堂教学方法和手段的选择是能否取得良好教学效果的关键。英语教学中,教师要重视教学方法和手段的选择,其所采用的教学方法和手段既要符合教学内容,又要符合小学生学英语的认识规律和一般教学原则;既要运用传统教学手段,又要合理利用各种现代化教学媒体。 1.分层教学。学生存在个体差异,其 学习态度 、知识基础、接受能力都各不相同,教学中教师只有从学生实际出发,实施分层教学,用符合教育规律和学生身心发展特点的方法对他们进行教育和引导,才能满足不同学生的不同需求,使人人都获得不同程度的发展。具体来说,分层教学包括教学目标分层、教学内容分层、问题分层、作业分层等,不论在哪一个环节,教师都要遵循以下原则:对优秀学生,要严格要求,让他们“吃得好”;对中等学生,要多引导、督促,让他们“吃得饱”;对学困生,要主动亲近,及时补救,让他们“吃得了”。只有这样,才能让每位学生都参与其中,各有所获。 2.多媒体辅助教学。目前,多媒体技术已经进入学校教育,其相较于传统教学手段,不仅听觉效果很好,视觉效果也很好,它不但能展示图文声像,还可以模仿真形象再现,即化抽象为形象,而且妙趣横生,从而降低了认识难度,突破了教学难点。教材中有些重点、难点,若单纯依靠教师的讲解,则过于抽象,且长时的有意注意容易使学生感到疲倦和厌倦。教学中教师可利用多媒体课件将抽象的文字编成生动的画面,吸引学生的无意注意并维持他们的有意注意,以帮助他们很好地掌握教学内容。需要注意的是教学中我们不能一味地追求丰富多彩的视听效果,以至于忽略了教学内容。而应结合学生特点,根据教材内容,将电教媒体与传统教学手段有机结合、互相补充,从而充分发挥电教媒体的优势,达到最佳的教学效果。 总之,提高小学英语课堂教学效率是一个系统工程,绝不是一朝一夕能完成的。我们只有从从素质教育的要求出发,以新《英语课程标准》为指导,不断探索、研究新的教学理念和方法,不断 反思 自身教学行为,才能更好地提高英语教学效果,开创小学英语教学的新篇章。 参考文献: [1]谢婉瑜.如何提高小学英语课堂教学效果[J].成才之路, 2012(15). [2]王娟.新课程背景下加强小学英语课堂教学效果的有效 措施 [J].新课程(小学),2012(01). [3]王晴.教学也要量体裁衣――谈小学英语课堂教学的误区[J].新课程(小学),2012(09). [4]陈典芳.有效:有趣・有用・有效――浅谈小学英语有效性课堂教学[J].教育教学论坛,2010(26). 小学英语教育专业毕业论文篇三 《小学英语教育若干问题》 一、小学英语教育的必要性 小学阶段,是一个人形成习惯的重要阶段,也是学习语言的最佳阶段,在小学教育中,造就小学生养成英语学习的良好习惯是非常重要的,同时也是每一位英语教师的责任"小学英语教育的必要性主要表现在以下几个方面:首先,为后续阶段的英语学习奠定基础"小学阶段的英语教育虽然只是初步涉及相关基础知识,但是其在学生英语学习的整个过程中,起着重要的引导作用,为学生英语学习兴趣的养成与语感的形成产生着重要影响;其次,提高国民整体英语水平"小学时期是普及义务教育的阶段,英语的学习不仅能够培养学生的英语交际能力,还能够在一定程度上提高整个国民英语水平,提高整体素质;最后,面向未来,为今后的就业奠定基础"如今,在社会各个领域都涉及英语,不管是科研工作,还是经济贸易工作都离不开英语" 二、小学英语教育中存在的问题 (一)教育观念与方式落后 在小学英语教育中,部分教师仍在沿用传统落后的教学观念,以教师为中心,忽略了学生的主体地位,对学生进行填鸭式教学,同时受应试教育的影响,部分教师以学生的考试成绩作为评价标准,对英语学习的真正意义产生忽略"在教学方式上,部分教师只是照本宣科,教学方式单一,学生对英语的学习只是死记硬背,严重忽略了英语语言的实践" (二)教师队伍整体素质偏低 部分小学在其发展中,并没有配备专业的英语教师,而是让其他任课教师或非英语专业教师来兼任英语教学"这部分英语教师的英语水平较为有限,英语基础差,发音不准确,词汇量严重不足,对英语知识的把握不够准确,同时其 英语口语 与交际能力较差,在英语教学中难以正确指导学生进行科学!有效的英语学习" (三)英语运用环境较少 新课标对小学英语的听!说!读!写各种能力的全面提升进行了重点强调,在小学实际的英语教学过程中,学生仅仅对老师设置的英语对话进行简单练习,而听!说能力的培养仅靠课堂学习远远不够,英语运用环境的创设对学生各种英语能力的培养与提升是非常重要的,但是由于外籍教师的缺乏,在很大程度上限制了学生英语听!说能力的全面提升" 三、小学英语教育间题的解决对策 (一)创新英语教师的教学理念与教学形式 一方面,在小学英语教育中,英语教师要更新教学理念,通过参加教学讲座及培训,对小学英语课程的改革重点得以充分认识,在英语教学过程中,以学生的学习兴趣为教学出发点,尊重学生的主体地位,面向全体学生教学,提高学生对英语的认识水平,培养学生积极向上的情感态度,树立其跨文化意识,增强学生的对英语课程的自主学习能力;另一方面,创新英语教学形式,掌握现代化的教学技术,提升自身的 网络技术 应用能力,独立制作教学课件,通过运用先进的计算机多媒体教学手段,对网络资源进行充分运用,运用网络进行英语交流与学习,以此提升课堂教学质量与效率" (二)提高英语教师的专业素质 作为英语教师,要对自身存在的不足进行重新审视,增强自身的英语专业能力,完善自身的英语知识结构,同时要强化教学理论进修,与时俱进,掌握英语教育中新型的教学方法与教育原则"在日常生活与教学中,可以通过阅读英语杂志!书刊,听英语广播等形式,不断吸收新知识,对自身掌握的英语知识进行不断更新,以提高自身的专业素质"与此同时,相关教育部门要根据学校教育的不同需求,从教师招聘!课程设置!人事调配以及教师的再教育等各方面进行综合考虑,研究并制定出科学合理的英语教师培训计划,定期组织英语教师进行培训与进修,全面提升英语教师的综合素质" (三)通过英语角或网络拓宽学生的英语运用环境 在英语的学习过程中,交流是最佳 学习方法 ,能够有效培养学生的英语语感,锻炼其英语学习能力,提升英语学习兴趣"因此,在小学英语教学中,老师要充分发挥其组织教学能力,拓宽学生的英语运用环境,为学生提供更多的交流机会,提升学生对英语的综合运用能力"在课余时间,可以通过英语角等各种英语交流活动的组织,鼓励小学生积极参加,进行英语交流,激发其英语学习兴趣,同时锻炼学生的英语听说能力"除此之外,学校可以定期或不定期地邀请外籍英语教师来校开展英语讲座,通过与学生的交流,吸引学生的英语兴趣;还可以运用网络交流,让学生更多地了解学校以外的英语环境,激发学生对英语的求知欲,以更好地提高自身的英语能力" 四、结语 随着时代的进步与社会的发展,英语在人们的日常生活中扮演着越来越重要的角色,而在小学生的基础教育中,英语教育更是重中之重"当前,小学英语的教育问题日益显露,受到越来越多的人重视,在小学英语的教学过程中,英语教师要积极更新教学观念,创新教学模式,丰富教学内容,提高教学水平,为小学生的后续英语学习奠定坚实的基础"作为学校,要对英语教育引起高度重视,为英语教学创造各种条件,促进小学英语教学工作的开展"

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