英语学术论文写作教程课后答案解析

论文格式当我们对一个问题研究之后，如何将其展现于众人面前是一个重要的工作。在这里我们结合具体的事例，给大家介绍科研的一个重要部分枣论文的一般格式及其注意事项。当然，要写出一篇好的论文，绝不是单单这么一个简要的介绍就够了，还需自己多写、多练。随着科学技术的发展，越来越多的学者涉及到学术论文的写作领域，那么怎样写学术论文、学术论文写作是怎样要求的、格式如何，下面就介绍一下学术论文的写作，希望能对您论文写作有所帮助。 (一)题名（Title，Topic）1、论文格式的论文题目：（下附署名）要求准确、简练、醒目、新颖。论文题目是一篇论文给出的涉及论文范围与水平的第一个重要信息，也是必须考虑到有助于选定关键词不达意和编制题录、索引等二次文献可以提供检索的特定实用信息。论文题目十分重要，必须用心斟酌选定。有人描述其重要性，用了下面的一句话：论文题目是文章的一半。对论文题目的要求是：准确得体；简短精炼；外延和内涵恰如其分；醒目。对这四方面的要求分述如下。1．准确得体要求论文题目能准确表达论文内容，恰当反映所研究的范围和深度。常见毛病是：过于笼统，题不扣文。关键问题在于题目要紧扣论文内容，或论文内容民论文题目要互相匹配、紧扣，即题要扣文，文也要扣题。这是撰写论文的基本准则。2．简短精炼力求题目的字数要少，用词需要精选。至于多少字算是合乎要求，并无统一的硬性规定，一般希望一篇论文题目不要超出20个字，不过，不能由于一味追求字数少而影响题目对内容的恰当反映，在遇到两者确有矛盾时，宁可多用几个字也要力求表达明确。若简短题名不足以显示论文内容或反映出属于系列研究的性质，则可利用正、副标题的方法解决，以加副标题来补充说明特定的实验材料，方法及内容等信息使标题成为既充实准确又不流于笼统和一般化。3．外延和内涵要恰如其分外延和内涵属于形式逻辑中的概念。所谓外延，是指一个概念所反映的每一个对象；而所谓内涵，则是指对每一个概念对象特有属性的反映。命题时，若不考虑逻辑上有关外延和内涵的恰当运用，则有可能出现谬误，至少是不当。4．醒目论文题目虽然居于首先映入读者眼帘的醒目位置，但仍然存在题目是否醒目的问题，因为题目所用字句及其所表现的内容是否醒目，其产生的效果是相距甚远的。有人对36种公开发行的医学科持期刊1987年发表的论文的部分标题，作过统计分析，从中筛选100条有错误的标题。在100条有错误的标题中，属于省略不当错误的占20%；属于介词使用不当错误的占12%）。在使用介词时产生的错误主要有：①省略主语枣第一人称代词不达意后，没有使用介词结构，使辅助成分误为主语；②需要使用介词时又没有使用；③不需要使用介词结构时使用。属主事的错误的占11%；属于并列关系使用不当错误的占9%；属于用词不当、句子混乱错误的各占9%，其它类型的错误，如标题冗长、文题不符、重复、歧意等亦时有发生。（二）作者姓名和单位（Author and department）这一项属于论文署名问题。署名一是为了表明文责自负，二是记录作用的劳动成果，三是便于读者与作者的联系及文献检索（作者索引）。大致分为二种情形，即：单个作者论文和多作者论文。后者按署名顺序列为第一作者、第二作者厖。重要的是坚持实事求是的态度，对研究工作与论文撰写实际贡献最大的列为第一作者，贡献次之的，列为第二作者，余类推。注明作者所在单位同样是为了便于读者与作者的联系。（三）摘要（Abstract）论文一般应有摘要，有些为了国际交流，还有外文（多用英文）摘要。它是论文内容不加注释和评论的简短陈述。其他用是不阅读论文全文即能获得必要的信息。摘要应包含以下内容：①从事这一研究的目的和重要性；②研究的主要内容，指明完成了哪些工作；③获得的基本结论和研究成果，突出论文的新见解；④结论或结果的意义。论文摘要虽然要反映以上内容，但文字必须十分简炼，内容亦需充分概括，篇幅大小一般限制其字数不超过论文字数的5%。例如，对于6000字的一篇论文，其摘要一般不超出300字。论文摘要不要列举例证，不讲研究过程，不用图表，不给化学结构式，也不要作自我评价。撰写论文摘要的常见毛病，一是照搬论文正文中的小标题（目录）或论文结论部分的文字；二是内容不浓缩、不概括，文字篇幅过长。（四）关键词（Key words）关键词属于主题词中的一类。主题词除关键词外，还包含有单元词、标题词的叙词。主题词是用来描述文献资料主题和给出检索文献资料的一种新型的情报检索语言词汇，正是由于它的出现和发展，才使得情报检索计算机化（计算机检索）成为可能。主题词是指以概念的特性关系来区分事物，用自然语言来表达，并且具有组配功能，用以准确显示词与词之间的语义概念关系的动态性的词或词组。关键词是标示文献关建主题内容，但未经规范处理的主题词。关键词是为了文献标引工作，从论文中选取出来，用以表示全文主要内容信息款目的单词或术语。一篇论文可选取3~8个词作为关键词。关键词或主题词的一般选择方法是：由作者在完成论文写作后，纵观全文，先出能表示论文主要内容的信息或词汇，这些住处或词江，可以从论文标题中去找和选，也可以从论文内容中去找和选。例如上例，关键词选用了6个，其中前三个就是从论文标题中选出的，而后三个却是从论文内容中选取出来的。后三个关键词的选取，补充了论文标题所未能表示出的主要内容信息，也提高了所涉及的概念深度。需要选出，与从标题中选出的关键词一道，组成该论文的关键词组。关键词与主题词的运用，主要是为了适应计算机检索的需要，以及适应国际计算机联机检索的需要。一个刊物增加关键词这一项，就为该刊物提高引用率、增加知名度开辟了一个新的途径。（五）引言（Intorduction）引言又称前言，属于整篇论文的引论部分。其写作内容包括：研究的理由、目的、背景、前人的工作和知识空白，理论依据和实验基础，预期的结果及其在相关领域里的地位、作用和意义。引言的文字不可冗长，内容选择不必过于分散、琐碎，措词要精炼，要吸引读者读下去。引言的篇幅大小，并无硬性的统一规定，需视整篇论文篇幅的大小及论文内容的需要来确定，长的可达700~800字或1000字左右，短的可不到100字。（六）正文（Main body）正文是一篇论文的本论，属于论文的主体，它占据论文的最大篇幅。论文所体现的创造性成果或新的研究结果，都将在这一部分得到充分的反映。因此，要求这一部分内容充实，论据充分、可靠，论证有力，主题明确。为了满足这一系列要求，同时也为了做到层次分明、脉络清晰，常常将正文部分人成几个大的段落。这些段落即所谓逻辑段，一个逻辑段可包含几个自然段。每一逻辑段落可冠以适当标题（分标题或小标题）。段落和划分，应视论文性质与内容而定。（七）参考文献[序号] 编著者书名[M]，出版地：出版社，年代，起止页码 [序号] 作者论文名称[J]，期刊名称，年度，卷（期），起止页码电子文献的载体类型及其标识随着我国信息化进程的加快，电子文献的采用量逐渐加大，其标注方式的规范化已经提到议事日程上来了。现根据国家新闻出版署印发的《中国学术期刊（光盘版）检索与评价数据规范》的有关规定，对来稿提出如下要求：一、对于数据库、计算机程序及电子公告等电子文献类型的参考文献，以下列双字母作为标示：电子文献类型数据库计算机程序电子公告电子文献类型标识DBCPEB二、电子文献的载体类型及其标识对于非纸张类型载体的电子文献，当被引用为参考文献时需在参考文献类型中同时标明其载体类型。《规范》采用双字母表示电子文献载体类型：磁带(magnetic tape)MT，磁盘(disk)DK，光盘(CD-ROM) CD，联机网络(online)OL，并以下列格式表示包括了文献载体类型的参考文献类型标识：[文献类型标识/载体类型标识]如：[DB/OL]——联机网上数据库（database online）[ DB/MT]——磁带数据库（database on magnetic tape）[M/CD]——光盘图书（monograph on CD-ROM）[CP/DK]——磁盘软件（computer program on disk）[J/OL]——网上期刊（serial online）[EB/OL]——网上电子公告（electronic pulletin board online）如：[1]王明亮．关于中国学术期刊标准数据库系统工程的进展[DB/OL]．文献网址， 1998-08-16/1998-10-04．以纸张为载体的传统文献在引作参考文献时不必注明其载体类型。编写要求页面要求：毕业论文须用A4（210×297）标准、70克以上白纸，一律采用单面打印；毕业论文页边距按以下标准设置：上边距为30mm，下边距为25mm，左边距和右边距为25mm；装订线为10mm，页眉16mm，页脚15mm。页眉：页眉从摘要页开始到论文最后一页，均需设置。页眉内容：浙江广播电视大学汉语言文学类本科毕业论文，居中，打印字号为5号宋体，页眉之下有一条下划线。页脚：从论文主体部分（引言或绪论）开始，用阿拉伯数字连续编页，页码编写方法为：第×页共×页，居中，打印字号为小五号宋体。前置部分从中文题名页起单独编页。字体与间距：毕业论文字体为小四号宋体，字间距设置为标准字间距，行间距设置为固定值20磅。

Ten Chinese traditional virtuesFirst， love filial pietyThis is the virtue of the Chinese nation in the most characteristic "Benevolence" is a symbol of the Chinese nation's moral and spiritual， a variety of basic morality is the highest virtues， but also in secular moral life is the most common virtues Core "benevolence" Germany is love， that "benevolent"; the basic content of the virtue of filial piety is Fucizixiao， Xiongyoudigong， it forms a strong sense of family， of the family relationship， and thus also for China social stability played an extremely important role， is the cornerstone of national unity， when feelings of filial piety extended "Forbearance" basic requirements "Forbearance" Morality is based on Sincerity， benefit the people， that is， "All men are brothers"， " Its not just the pro-pro， not only son of his son， "the social Thereby forming a Chinese family strong humane social life and zest for Love， filial piety， loyalty and forgiveness are the basic content of Rende， also embodies the traditional Chinese Second， modest mannersChina is the world-famous ceremonies， "ceremony" is the highlight of the spirit of Chinese culture， manners， courtesy， propriety is important to pay attention to the virtues of the Chinese people conduct themselves in "Ceremony" is one of the German mother of the Chinese nation， she is rooted in people's heart respectful， politely refuse the heart， in the pair of long， respectful of ethics and politely refuse the love of brothers and "Benefit him， full of hurts，" This is the Chinese people since ancient times to understand the truth， Kentoku also rooted in the heart of Rende politely refuse， which is embodied in the face of honor， humility indisputable benefits， as well as relationships of mutual "And the German" reflected in the attitude of the "gas" in the relationships as "harmony" in the value orientation of "harmony"， but as a virtue to "neutral"， "Manners" and "modest" ， "and" better reflects the sentiment of the Chinese Third， the integrity of knowledge report"Honesty" That's no jump， its basic meaning is sincere to ourselves， honest in their "Sincerity" as the basis， the Chinese people formed a number of related ethics， such as the man's honest， sincere others， loyalty to the "Trust" is the word， talk about faith， the basic requirement is consistent with her words and deeds， "true to its word， line must be " "Newspaper" that famous， "drip grace， the smallest " These are also composed of Chinese people's moral conscience and moral conscience of an important component， it is China's important moral simplicity of Fourth， sakeDeep patriotic feelings for the motherland is the most simple emotion and character， she as a kind of "thousands of years to consolidate up to their country a deep affection" is the love family love family emotional sublimation， which also the formation of a defense of national dignity， and safeguard the interests of the motherland and noble Sake of defending the country's spirit of the Chinese nation great cohesion， but also to promote national development of great spiritual V austerityBecause the Chinese social structure and culture of the traditional family-based ethics， and foster a spirit of holism， and the virtues of austerity is formed on this Is a spirit of order "ritual" of the spirit of nature， the highlight is the overall significance of the individual order， requiring the individual to obey and serve the Therefore it is necessary dedication and self-denial， play its private is public， that is justice， "self-denial" that go beyond the private self-restraint has， subject to the After the private spiritual nature is Xiangong austerity on personal interests to obey the spirit of the public interest of This "public" is to strengthen the spirit of nurturing the community， the nation's sense of responsibility and sense of Sixth， Xiuji CautiousnessGoodness of faith and goodness of a tradition， so that Chinese ethics， and the whole Chinese culture， are built on to emphasize human dignity and This epitomizes characterized in cultivating self-discipline and moral cultivation theory emphasizes independent discipline， self-transcendence in order to safeguard human relations and the overall order and establish moral self， its basic spirit is "His"， "Maintenance" is when the self alone to discipline， avoiding fear， "immersive abyss， treading on thin ice，" the cultivation of the traditional culture of the Chinese nation Xiuji Cautiousness Pursuits moral consciousness in the initiative， creating a gentleman's personality has many noble qualities and strong festival Seven， see Leith justiceOf righteousness and benefit processing relationship epitomizes the value orientation of Chinese E After the first justice to the justice system benefit is the traditional concept of justice and benefit basic contents and its rational core， it is also very important to the traditional virtues of the Chinese The fundamental characteristics and values justice of man， is the essence of Chinese moral spirit， she sublimated as "born to upload justice，" "righteousness to Lisheng 'outlook on life， the sublimation of the Chinese nation" Shashenchengren， justice， "the lofty moral realm This morality is inspired by high ideals hesitate to sacrifice for the national cause important spiritual force， but also the glorious nation of high moral character Eight， thrift IndependentChinese people traditionally regard to thrift， integrity and integrity known to the They work self-reliance， forming a labor of love， hard-working， honest and hardworking high "Frugal and Germany to support" it is to ask "indifferent Ming， quiet Zhiyuan，" for the government to say it is mainly M Lim is both for the government's requirements， but also ordinary people should have character， because there is no "cheap" is not "clean"， no "cheap" is not "" "Inexpensive" are intended to be trade-offs between， take moral， homes Evil， strict self- With "clean" it may be "" "N" is to follow the public welfare and Against both thrifty nation common values， but also the Chinese people there are Nine， Atsuzane generousChinese traditional moral advocate simple， plain Chinese people in dealing with others， to "real" as the standard against hypocrisy In the long-term moral practice， the Chinese nation has formed many with "real" as the value of the standard norms and As honest， honest， realistic， pragmatic， really like， advocating the formation of hard work， pragmatism and opposition talk of spiritual On the interpersonal， the Chinese nation has always been generous to the United States， self-discipline， and lenient towards In interpersonal relationships， the Chinese people， "Care"， "heart to " In real life， through generous moral personality to impress others， to achieve any purpose of my Moral Evaluation everyday life tolerant， generous， honest and elderly， are generous character embodies the Chinese Ten， dauntless exerciseThis is a nation in moral Pursuits has the virtue and virtue， or moral will is reflected in terms of "Courage" have the courage of blood with strength， there are emotional courage with will， justifiably， and abide by a firm moral convictions "" "Yi" is to persevere in hardship in perseverance， and perseverance in the ethical norms Chinese people attach great importance to "exercise" Chinese culture believes perfect personality， social progress， the focus is not Zhiyu words， but "Gentleman satisfied in words， and sensitive to the line，" It is this dauntless exercise of virtue， so that the Chinese people in a variety of dangerous environments can be saved the day， self-improvement， constant

美国大学英语写作最新第九版课后答案《美国大学英语写作》是2007年外语教学与研究出版社出版的图书。本书是一部全面、系统、实用的英语写作教材。拓展资料：目录Reading Listed by Rhetorical ModeTo the InstructorPART ONE: ESSAY WRITIONG 短文写作1 An Introduction to WritingPoint and SupportStructure of the Traditional EssayBenefits of Writing the Traditional EssayWriting as a SkillWriting as a Process of DiscoveryWriting as a Way to Communicate with OthersKeeping a JournalUsing a ComputerReview ActivitiesUsing This Text2 The Writing ProcessPrewritingWriting a First DraftRevisingEditingReview Activities3 The First and Second Steps in Essay WritingStep 1: Begin with a Point， or ThesisStep 2: Support the Thesis with Specific EvidencePractice in Advancing and Supporting a Thesis4 The Third Step in Essay WritingStep 3: Organize and Connect the Specific EvidenceIntroductions， Conclusions， and TitlesPractice in Organizing and Connecting Specific Evidence5 The Fourth Step in Essay WritingRevising SentencesEditing SentencesPractice in Revising Sentences6 Four Bases for Revising EssaysBase 1: UnityBase 2: SupportBase 3: CoherenceBase 4: Sentence SkillsPractice in Using the Four BasesPART TOW: PATTERNS OF ESSAY DEVELOPMENT 短文的分类和写作手法7 Introduction to Essay DevelopmentImportant Considerations in Essay Development8 DescriptionREADING: Lou's Place Beth Johnson9 NarrationREADING: The Yellow Ribbon Pete Hamill10 ExamplesREADING: Dad Andrew H Malcolm11 ProcessREADING: How to Do Well on a Job Interview Glenda Davis12 Cause and EffectREADING: Taming the Anger Monster Anne Davidson13 Comparison and ContrastREADING: Born to Be Different? Camille Lewis14 Definition……PART THREE: SPECLAL SKILLS 实用写作技巧PART FOUR: HANDBOOK OF SENTENCE SKILLS 句子写作技巧指南PART FIVE: READINGS FOR WRITING 以阅读带动写作Reading Comprehension ChartCreditsIndex

The great and good

英语论文写作教程课后答案解析

pinionsanddon'Theylistenoothers，evaluatewhattheysay，Althoughwinnerscanadmire，theyarenottotallydefined，demolished，bound，Winnersdonotplay"helpless"，nor do they play the blaming Instead， they assume responsibility fortheir own lives。【这些答案，因为有打字长度限制，所以只能打密些，别介意啊，只能你看仔细点了，(*^__^*) 嘻嘻，希望对你有用奥！谢谢！】

同学，这是我在网上找到的一片文章，你的提问基本被它涵盖，因为网上引用的太多，所以我也不知道究竟是谁的大作，但是先感谢这位热心的同学写出这么棒的文章让我们分享。原文：终于知道自己考上了研究生，虽然成绩不是特别理想，但是总算走完了我人生的这段历程。回忆考研往事，不胜感慨，写下一点东西，总结过去，也希望能够对后来者有所帮助，能使你们少走弯路，顺利度过人生这一关。纯粹是个人观点，难免会有不当之处，也请有不同意见者批评指正。建议准备时间：4月份到第二年1月份网上报名时间：10月1日开始现场报名时间：11月10—14日考试时间：春节两周前的周六周日。一、数学复习 1、教材推荐：高数用同济大学版的教材，概率论用浙江大学版的教材，线性代数用哈工大版的教材。 2、辅导用书：陈文登的《复习指南》，高数方面比较强，有个别错误；李永乐的《复习全书》，线性代数方面比较强。这两本书价格一样，80元。强烈建议，最好两个人一起复习考研，分别买这两本书，互相换着看。此外，推荐使用李永乐的《历年试题解析》，《全真模拟经典400题》，《突破135分》等书。 3、复习方法：数学占150分，是重中之重。下手越早越好，开始要把教材吃透，基础打牢，每一个公式，定理，每一道课后习题都要信手拈来，不能有丝毫差错。然后就可以用陈或者李的复习书了，至少要过三遍，第一遍认真学习每一个知识点，做每一道习题，注意，做题前不要看参考答案，做到独立思考。第二遍总结各知识点，做到所有的知识点都能够记在心里面，张嘴就能从头到尾说出来，甚至于达到能说出来在哪里能出什么题，自己闭着眼睛可以给自己出题的程度。第三遍查找自己的知识角，弱点，难点，重点。每年的数学大纲变化不大，可以借别人以前的辅导书看，每年2、3月份，新书就上市了，这时就可以购买了。有人说《历年试题解析》，《全真模拟经典400题》，《突破135分》等书，要考试前2个月才去做，这样才最有效果，还不容易忘记。我认为千万不要这样，这样做是错误的，时间是不允许的，完全可以早做，有百利而无一害。我不提倡题海战术，但是做题少了肯定是不行的，到考场上是会发蒙的，不知道从何下手。二、英语复习 1、辅导用书：考研词汇，历年试题，阅读理解，作文写作，翻译，新题型，模拟试卷等等，种类繁多，可以凭借自己的喜好和特点，选择用书。有人说朱泰琪的书好，我不以为然。人大版的书还不错。 2、复习方法：英语100分，是难中之难。我认为，拿着词汇专门背诵单词是没有任何效果的，事倍功半，背得快，忘得更快。而且，现在出题有不少单词是超纲的，2006年尤其突出。英语最重要的就是阅读理解和作文，分别占40分和30分，只要这两部分答好了，小分通过是不成问题的。我认为，最好的方法就是多做阅读理解，不要为了做题而做题，要读懂每一句话，记住每一个单词，理解每一个选项，在做题中背诵单词，在文章中理解单词，是最有效的方法。作文一定要背诵一定量的范文，尤其是与社会现实生活相关的文章，例如，安全生产，网络成瘾，假冒伪劣，科技创新，下岗就业，经济发展，义务教育，儿童失学，教育收费，校外租房，通货膨胀，环境污染，手机等电子产品的作用，禽流感，学术造假，贫富差距，旅游黄金周，勤俭节约，高额医药费，房地产价格，电脑利弊，网络用语的利弊，网络安全，文明上网，社会保障体系，反倾销调查，贸易摩擦，人民币升值，小排量汽车，西部开发，沿海优势，和谐社会，遵守交通规则等等，其次要自己多做练习，不要眼高手低，以为想一想如何写就行了，一定要落实到笔头上，只有这样你才能发现你的不足。另外，要注意搜集一些实用词汇和词组，有些单词不会可以找替代的，但是有些关键词是无法替代的，如果不会这些单词就会影响到整篇文章的写作，例如2005年的“赡养 ”，2006年的“追星族”等。其他的如完型填空，翻译，选择补全文章等题目也要多做练习，落到实处。尤其要仔细研究历年试题，从中体会出题者的思路，这很重要。三、政治复习 1、辅导用书：林代昭的《应试宝典》，内容多，有超纲的，但是考试出题时必然会有超纲的部分，这些部分一般会包含在宝典里，缺点是个别知

第二版新视野大学英语3读写教程课后习题答案链接：_LF2ja8ZxBd8m5i_Q 提取码：kgu6如果资源不正确，或者版本不正确，欢迎追问

英语专业学术论文写作教程课后答案解析

关键词属于主题词中的一类。主题词除关键词外，还包含有单元词、标题词的叙词。　　主题词是用来描述文献资料主题和给出检索文献资料的一种新型的情报检索语言词汇，正是由于它的出现和发展，才使得情报检索计算机化(计算机检索)成为可能。主题词是指以概念的特性关系来区分事物，用自然语言来表达，并且具有组配功能，用以准确显示词与词之间的语义概念关系的动态性的词或词组。　　技巧—：依据学术方向进行选题。论文写作的价值，关键在于能够解决特定行业的特定问题，特别是在学术方面的论文更是如此。因此，论文选择和提炼标题的技巧之一，就是依据学术价值进行选择提炼。　　技巧二：依据兴趣爱好进行选题。论文选择和提炼标题的技巧之二，就是从作者的爱好和兴趣出发，只有选题符合作者兴趣和爱好，作者平日所积累的资料才能得以发挥效用，语言应用等方面也才能熟能生巧。　　技巧三：依据掌握的文献资料进行选题。文献资料是支撑、充实论文的基础，同时更能体现论文所研究的方向和观点，因而，作者从现有文献资料出发，进行选题和提炼标题，即成为第三大技巧。　　技巧四：从小从专进行选题。所谓从小从专，即是指软文撰稿者在进行选则和提炼标题时，要从专业出发，从小处入手进行突破，切记全而不专，大而空洞。

只有部分的……21世纪大学实用英语综合教程（第三册）课后习题翻译答案Unit 1 每当我的兄弟抱怨他工作中的困难时，我总要求他看到光明的一面 Each time my brother complained about the difficulty of his work， I asked him to look on the bright 当有报告说附近大楼里两个孩子被人持枪劫持时，警察立刻作出了反应。 The police reacted immediately when report came that two kids had been held up (were held up ) at gunpoint in a nearby 当我指出玛丽的计算错误时，她没有尽快地改正它们，却申明那不是她的错。 When I pointed out the mistakes in her calculation， instead of correcting them as soon as possible， Mary protested that it was not her 汤姆对我跟同事们说的笑话感到好奇，但他没有听懂。 Tom was curious about the joke I told my colleagues， but he didn’t get 由于杰克的积极心态，在急诊室里他在失去知觉前采取了行动并且挽救了自己的生命。 Thanks to his positive attitude， Jack took action and saved his own life before he lost consciousness in the emergency 当我细想我在过去所取得的成绩时，我不得不说，成功来自艰苦的工作。那是关键。 When I reflect on what I have achieved in the past， I have to say that success comes from hard That’s the bottom Unit 2 就拿迈克尔•乔丹来说吧，人们很容易看到他的成就而忽视了他为使自己出类拔萃而在球场上付出的血与汗的代价。 Take Michael Jordan， it’s easy for people to see his achievements while neglect the price of blood and sweat that he has paid on the court in order to come out on 在第一堂英语课上，老师就传达(convey)给我们一个清晰的信息：作为构成语言的基本材料，生词是必须熟记(memorize)的；任何其他的捷径都是愚人金。 Right in the first English class， our teacher conveyed a clear message to us: as the basic building blocks of the language， new words must be memorized; any other shortcut is fool’s 成千上万的中国劳工为美国第一条横贯大陆铁路的建设做出了巨大贡献；他们的巨大努力值得记录在美国历史上。 Thousands of Chinese laborers contributed greatly to the construction of America’s first transcontinental railroad， and their intense efforts deserve a page in American 说到训练，教练能毫无困难地忍受球员们的各种抱怨但从不向任何人妥协。 When it comes to training， the coach has no problem living with all sorts of complaints of the players but he ever compromises with any of 在有些是非之间的界限薄如蛋壳的情况下，传统道德准则显得尤为重要。 Traditional ethics seem especially important in some situations where the margin between right and wrong is as thin as an 随着竞争的加剧，我们和我们的对手都在努力达到更高的服务标准。 As competition intensifies， our opponents and we are all working hard to live up to higher service Unit 3 这份健康报告强调了新鲜水果和蔬菜在我们日常饮食中的重要性。 The health report stresses the importance of fresh fruit and vegetables in our 我用了整整一个星期才鼓足勇气拒绝了他们的请求。 I spent a whole week gathering the courage to say no to their 这些旅行使他充分意识到世界上许多物种正处于灭绝的边缘。 These journeys made him realize to the fullest extent that many of the world’s species were on the brink of 医生在做这种手术前必须征得病人家属的同意。 Approval of the patient’s family should be sought before doctors carry out such 消费者消费信心的增长对于经济的复苏至关重要。 Improved consumer confidence is crucial to an economic 我们对失踪的登山队员不再抱什么希望，他已经失踪两个星期了。 We gave up on the missing mountain climber after he had been missing for two Unit 4 他毫无疑问是个伟大的英雄，所以人们才为他的去世禁不住地感到悲伤。 He was no doubt a great hero so people couldn’t help but cry over his 那位演员利用自己的名人地位资助或许有一天会拿出一种治愈艾滋病的疗法的研究。 The actor used his celebrity status to fund research that might someday yield a cure for AIDS那个残疾人曾一度考虑自杀以使家人卸下沉重的负担。 The disadren man once considered suicide to relieve his family of the heavy 孩子们把自己装扮成超人，以吸引大人的注意力。 Children dress up as Superman to capture adults' 直到长大成人后我才认识到我不应该害怕正视厄运和磨难。 It wasn't until I matured that I realized I shouldn't be afraid to look add hardship in the 他本可以轻松地呆在家里，因为他有足够的财富可以使他不必为医疗费帐单操心。 He could have easily stayed at home，for he had plenty of financial resource to keep him from worrying about medical 我刚收到一封电子邮件，信中杰西卡表露了对与她亲爱的男友结束关系的和后悔之情。 I juest received an email in which Jessica expressed her regret of ending the relationship with her beloved 失去家人使她崩溃了，这一悲惨的事件一直影响着她的余生。 She broke down at the loss of her family，and the impact of this miserable incident remained for the rest of her 父母都反对我出国深造。我不知道是该让步还是尽力说服他们。 Both my parents object to my going abroad to further my I wonder if I should give in or try to talk them 埃德加不善言辞，所以每当杰西卡对他发泄怒气时，他只是默默地忍受着。 Edgar was not good with words，so whenever Jessica vented her anger on him ，he only endured it in 欢快的背景音乐与他的心情很相称，因为他刚刚与心爱的女友订了婚。 The cheerful background music matches his mood very well，for he's just got engaged to his beloved 系统不时发出刺耳的噪音，表明它无法正常运转。 From time to the system would utter a piercing noise indicating its inability to run 有时候，即使你完全有资格胜任这份工作，你仍然有可能遭到拒绝。 Sometimes even if you are totally qualilfied for the job，you may still be 要学会应付困难的处境，更为重要的是，不要指望别人来帮你。 You should learn to cope with difficult And even more important，don't look to others for 使我惊讶的是，他不仅参加了各种各样的课外活动，还申请了一份兼职工作。 To my shock，he was not only involved in a variety of extracurricular activities but aslo had applied for a part-time 牢记这一点：多遭遇一次失败就是向成功更迈进了一步。 Keep in mind that one more failure is one step closer to 不要多想那些你无法控制的原因，因为这份工作并不完全适合你，而且你的机会也很小。 Don't dwell on the reasons that are out of your control，because this job doesn't entirely suit you and your chances are 虽然你也许并不总是希望听到负面的反馈意见，但是无论做什么，都不要破釜沉舟。 Although you may not always like to hear negative feedback，whatever you do，don't burn your Unit7寻求心理咨询的学生只代表了冰山之一角；大部分学生都默默忍受着压力。 The students who seek psychological counseling represent only the tip of the Most students endure the stress in 恐怖电影把他吓坏了，以至于令他睡眠紊乱，甚至失眠 The horror movie overwhelmed him so much that he began to suffer from a sleeping disorder， even 莉萨一直是全优生，直到大学三年级，那时她不得不做两份兼职来付学费Lisa had always been a straight-A student until her junior year， when she had to hold down two part-time jobs to pay her 约翰不顾能力倾向测试 (aptitude test) 的结果，还是决定由会计专业转到心理学专业 In spite of the result of the aptitude test， John decided to switch his major from accounting to 他宁愿继续做售货员，显然(apparently)是因为他喜欢过稳定的而不是充满起伏的生活。 He would rather remain a sales clerk， apparently because he prefers a steady life to a life full of ups and 这台电脑已经坏了不止一次了。难道这还不足以需要专业人员帮忙吗？ The computer has broken down on more than one Isn’t that enough for professional help?Unit8随着核电厂建成，这座城市现在不用再为自己的电力供应担心了。相反，它可以为附近的其他城市供电了。 With the construction of the nuclear power plant， this city now doesn’t have to worry about its own electricity Instead， it can supply electricity to other cities 这些蔬菜放在相对稳定的低温里不会腐烂。 These vegetables do not decay when kept at a relatively stable low 这座城市被称为这个国家的金融中心。其经济的发展在很大程度上倚仗银行业(banking)和外贸。 This city is known as the financial center of the The development of its economy depends heavily on banking and foreign 这种植物仅生长在某些高山的山顶。它在春天散发出浓浓的芳香。 This plant only lives on the top of certain high mountains and gives off a very sweet smell in 这一地区水污染的主要原因是河边一家造纸厂泄漏的化学物质。 The main cause of this area’s water pollution is the chemical substance that leaks out of a paper mill by the river 这种废弃物由化学废料混合物构成。它已经毒害了土壤并且把它彻底毁了 This kind of litter is made up of a mixture of chemical It has poisoned the soil， ruining it

第二版新视野大学英语3读写教程课后习题答案链接：_LF2ja8ZxBd8m5i_Q 提取码：kgu6如果资源不正确，或者版本不正确，欢迎追问

研究生英语学术论文写作教程课后答案解析

Unit Vocabulary(1) d (2) g (3) k (4) i (5) b (6) m (7) c (8) f (9) n (10) Cloze（1）and （2）understand （3）about （4）sides （5）what （6）bad （7）nor （8）properly（9）destroy （10）says （11）which （12）stronger （13）behind （14）up （15）While （16）unique （17）dark （18）benefits （19）from （20） TranslationA English to Chinese由于殖民地与许多海外地区的大量贸易，所有欧洲的重要商业国及其在西半球的附属国的金银铸币在北美东海岸都可以自由交易。由于法律不允许英国货币从英国流向殖民地，相比之下，西班牙货币显得更加重要。这些货币在墨西哥城几利马铸造，再流入西班牙殖民地。西班牙币在殖民地被普遍使用，以至这种货币最终成为美国的货币单位。虽然早在1652 年马萨诸塞首先铸造低含金量的硬币，但殖民地最后转而用纸币来提高短缺且不可靠的货币供给。著名人士的期票与签发给英国商人的汇票在几个月内就能顺利转手。此外，各殖民地的财政部门开始在税收前签发期票，同时向城镇官员下达书面命令，要求当地店铺履行付款义务，如其他可转让的单据一样，这些票据经签注后可作为货币进行交换。B Chinese to English（1）With China’s successful entry into the WTO， state-owned banks are faced with more and more The big bank intends to merge with two small banks so as to quickly solve the problem of capital sufficiency and enlarge its （2）Because of the recessionary effect on global economy and inflation， many small businesses in this city have gone bankrupt or have been swallowed up by giant It leads to a large number of workers facing （3）He didn’t marry her， because he thought that although sympathy was closely akin to love， they were still What he hoped was marry for love， not for sympathy（4）Web-based training and learning seems to be a perfect way to reach a huge pool of potential students， as well as curtail the high infrastructure and personnel costs of traditional （5）With the development of this towns’ economy， local government intends to tailor a first-class nursing home for the needs of the （6）The deregulation of financial markets taken by government is very helpful to economical globalization， but， at the same time， it brings some unpleasant influences on domestic （7）I wish my younger brother would desist from playing network games all day， otherwise he would have to discontinue his （8）One shop began to prolong the business hours， and all other shops along the same street followed （9）Following the dramatic currency depreciations in many East Asian economies in 1997， these countries suffered sharp and lingering This outcome runs counter to the notion that depreciations ought to boost output because they make domestically produced goods Unit Vocabulary（1）splashed （2）comply （3）offset （4）concessions （5）pledged（6）prohibitive （7）Astoundingly （8）undermined（9）deluded （10） Cloze（1）committing （2）combat （3）issued （4）reduce （5）withdrawal （6）ratified （7）accounted（8）emissions（9）participation （10）implemented （11）reached （12）proceed （13）secure （14）concessions （15）original （16）option（17）pressure（18）unanimous （19）revised （20） TranslationA English to Chinese（1）并非所有的地区都会经历气候变暖的情况。有些地区会变得更热更干燥，而另外一些地区则会遭遇较冷的天气。全球变暖产生的预期结果包括极地冰盖融化，海洋沿线地区被淹，剧烈的暴风雨，降雨模式的改变，以及现有生态平衡的广泛变化等等。根据现有的模式，估计下个世纪全球海平面将上升15~95 厘米。这足以将全球l/3 人口的家园淹没。由于像蚊子这类传播疾病的昆虫的栖息地的扩大，传染性疾病的数目也将日益上升。许多物种也许无法适应如此剧烈的气候变化而最终灭绝。（2）然而，一切都考虑到了之后，那个真正能够解决气候危机的长期方法却被所有的领导人忽视了。倘若不调整我们的经济，我们所做的一切努力就如同即将垂死的朽树上的个别绿叶。我们的政府，和它们的前任一样，坚持认为持续增长的全球贸易是理所当然的一件好事。因此，政府给予了无数直接或间接的资助。这些资助只能使那些生产远距离出口商品的大公司获益。B Chinese to English（1）As to the climate crisis， we are better off with a clean slate than a weak Because once the proposal is made， politicians will close the climate chapter for some （2）She’s cottoned on that her constant stomachache was caused by the bacon on offer last week at the local （3）That superstar descended on a small costal town， which was splashed across the front page of the local （4）It seemed frustrating that his last-ditch effort to win a place in his business world But it was also for the From the long term， he could learn a （5）Parents lavish their love and care on their However， when they become old， some of them are condemned to live （6）The present political leaders of our country， in line with their predecessors， were wedded to the belief that we should not retreat in the action against （7）The school dropouts in poverty-stricken areas came back to school by courtesy of the subsidies from government and donations from the kind （8）Under the effective organization of the local government， the damage caused by the flood has been watered down to the （9）Superpower forge ahead in economic development， leaving other countries far But it doesn’t necessarily follow that they can determine Unit Vocabulary（1）parade （2）scourge （3）surveillance （4）virulent（5）harbored （6）disrupting （7）bombarded （8） Cloze（1）account （2）including （3）deaths （4）burden （5）reflects （6）result （7） increasing（8）approach （9）under （10）strategy （11）extensive （12）presented （13）goal （14）improve（15）through （16）synthesize （17）between （18）for （19）agree （20） TranslationA English to Chinese据美国国家过敏和传染病中心(NIAID)的研究人员说，往猴子的鼻子里喷一次测试疫苗猴子就可以免得非典。同时一些荷兰的科学家已经成功地利用人类抗体使白鼬免于病毒的侵袭。由亚历山大•博克乐耶夫领导的NIAID 科研小组把引起非典的主要蛋自的基因(SARS-S)注入一种削弱的人类流感病毒，并用这样培养出来的试验疫苗治疗4 只猴子。另外的4 只猴子接受了安慰性疫苗。在这所有的8 只猴子中，药物都直接喷入了它们的鼻腔。免疫接种后的一个月，两组猴子都被特意染上非典。研究人员发现，从接受安慰剂的猴子的呼吸道的取样中有复制的病毒，这表明免疫接种失败。而在接受正常疫苗的猴子身上却没有这种症状。B Chinese to English（1）Though difficulties kept on cropping up in his work， he still succeeded in finding this new element after solving all the （2）The train was moving at such a good clip that one day’s travel brought him from the northern part of the country covered with white snow to the south with scorching （3）During her first voyage to the sea， the breakdown of the ship’s engine left her at the mercy of the rough （4）While seeking after their own profits， some companies ignore the farmers’ Recently， the government has been bombarded with the complaints about delayed （5）With the bird flu emerging in some Asian countries， our government has placed the imported food under close （6）While economic globalization has brought absolute opportunities to some Chinese， the challenges it causes to others are also （7）To our relief， the vote in this assembly stopped certain countries from containing C（8）With some people， the old saying “One’s character in three years old seals his ” is true， but there are many people with different Unit Vocabulary（1）intact （2）humiliated （3）assert （4）subdue （5）repelled（6）decrepit （7）antagonistic （8）undermine （9）appendix （10） Cloze（1）variety （2）legal （3）independence （4）dependent （5）into （6）lesser （7）Moreover（8）divorce（9）themselves （10）about （11）remains （12）survey （13）important（14）outdated （15）over （16）more（17）point（18）while （19）proportion （20） TranslationA English to Chinese何谓女权主义？就广义的定义而言，女权主义是女性及其贡献得到重视的哲学。它是建立在女性的社会、政治、经济权利平等的基础上的。任何人，男人、女人、男孩、女孩，都可以成为女权主义者。女权主义也可以被描述成一种运动，一场革命。在这种运动或革命中，男人女人们希望世界平等无界。这些界限或障碍就是人们所熟知的对性别、性取向、年龄、婚姻状况和经济状况的歧视和偏见。每个人都以白己的性别观、平等观来观察这个世界。女权主义者认为这个世界是不平等的。他们希望看到性别差异的减小，男性优于女性的观念削弱，甚至消失。B Chinese to English（1）Pearl Sydenstricker Buck was born in a missionary She lived in China for seventeen years，and was saturated in Chinese （2）How can you justify your rude behavior to your parents who love you so much?（3）He has grown up and has outgrown the bad habits of smoking and drinking in （4）We hold this to be self-evident that no state is in the position to interfere with the domestic affairs of other This is especially true of great （5）Before they came down in the world， they couldn’t imagine that they would content themselves with the simple life: a small room， dry bread and plain boiled （6）Though he boasted he would never be taken alive， the outlaw submitted to the police without a struggle when （7）In order to have her higher education， she has to contend fiercely with her father who believes that women are doomed to spending their life at the kitchen （8）It is feminism that the single mother has instilled in her Unit Vocabulary（1）meticulous （2）facilitators （3）incentive （4）accommodate（5）agile （6）downsized （7）relevant （8） Cloze（1）not （2）between （3）ecological （4）such （5）as （6）then （7）that （8）contribute（9）form （10）groups （11）participating （12）comprise （13）which （14）from（15）linked （16）may （17） with （18）content （19）Once （20） TranslationA English to Chinese我们的计算机网络已经相当发达，不久就会使我们有机会和地方公司甚至和其他大学共享我们的专长。一个专门致力于远程学习的中心正在酝酿之中。我们将越来越多地利用以因特网为基础的计算机课程，以此来提高我们的教学水平，同时也使校外的学生有机会学习。这并不意味着计算机终端将会取代人，学生永远需要面对面的建议和高质量的面授。但这的确意味着我们可以逐步改进我们的教学课程，并以书本的形式呈现给大家。就大学自身而言，能够接纳更多的学生仍是我们的头等大事。我们正在努力消除剑桥的神秘感，增加录取公立中学毕业生的比率。我们要确保鼓励和支持少数民族、外国学生和残疾学生申请上剑桥，确保妇女全面参与大学事务，增加她们在高端学术方面的职位。我们要鼓励校友们更加关心剑桥，用他们的专长和经验为母校服务。B Chinese to English（1）According to my friend’s suggestion， this room was converted from a single bedroom to a （2）People always connect Xi’an with the Big Goose Pagoda and Terracotta Warriors and H（3）College students must have access to a good library， through which their knowledge and experience can be （4）The dam was not strong enough to hold back the flood waters， so that the river had burst its banks and folded the houses by the （5）Her success was largely due to her Also her parents’ words were a great encouragement to （6）Through participating in the process of planning our field trip， my group members and I had to identify out intended learning goals for the （7）I did in the spirit of revenge by sending an e-mail to everyone in the office which began as follow: “We regret to inform you that you have missed this opportunity， …”（8）Even though this IC(integrated circuit)is supposed to work as a latch circuit， it can also be made to function as RS(recommended standard) flip-

学术英语论文写作课后答案解析

后答案徐宏亮，康敬群