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专用汽车结构与设计论文题目推荐及答案英文

发布时间:2024-07-04 05:17:20

专用汽车结构与设计论文题目推荐及答案英文

厢式汽车底盘改装设计【摘要】根据用户需求,使厢式汽车具有各种功能,必须对其底盘进行改造。文章在分析底盘改装设计内容和要求的基础上,对车架后悬的改装,千斤顶的安装,油箱的移位等提出改造设计方案,并提出了操作注意事项。【关键词】底盘;改装设计;注意事项0引言厢式汽车是具有独立的封闭结构车厢或与驾驶室联成一体的整体式封闭结构车厢,装备有专用设施,用于载运人员、货物或承担专门作业的专用汽车厢式汽车主要由二类汽车底盘、车厢,连接装置等组成。多数情况下,生产厢式汽车的专用汽车改装厂自己不生产底盘,而是从生产汽车的主机厂购买二类汽车底盘,回厂后根据需要对底盘进行改装设计。为了满足用户提出的要求,保证厢式车具有各种各样的功能,需要对底盘进行这样那样的改装设计总结笔者多年来的工作经验,底盘改装项目主要有车架后悬的改变、加装千斤顶、油箱移位、移动横梁、移动汽液管等。改装时,总的原则是不影响、不降低原二类底盘的性能,不允许随意改变底盘轴距、轮距,保证改装后底盘的强度性能。改装设计应使原来底盘的保养部位、润滑点、注油口、蓄电池和驾驶室翻转操纵机构易于接近,便于操作,不能损坏原底盘上为用户正确使用而设置的各种标识,不应使底盘的维修及保养变得困难[1]。1车架后悬的改造1后悬改装设计车架后悬的改造有两种情况,1)后悬缩短。2)后悬加长。按照GB7258《机动车运行安全技术条件》[2]要求,客车及封闭式车厢的车辆后悬不得超过轴距的65%,最大不得超过5m。对于特殊改装汽车,除了满足上述条件外,为了保证车辆越野性,还要满足离去角要求,GJB219B《军用通信车通用规范》[3]中规定,底盘改装后离去角不得小于26°。一般情况下,车架后端至上装车厢后端的距离不得超过400 mm。当缩短车架后悬时,要保留后横梁或直接利用后横梁附近之前的横梁,同时注意不能损坏板簧后吊耳的连接。当加长车架后悬时,后横梁至前一横梁的距离不应大于1 200mm~1 400 mm,必要时在延长的空间内纵向增加辅助横梁。不论缩短还是加长车架后悬,改制后的后横梁在车架大梁前大约50mm左右(见图1)。后悬加长设计时,为了保证车架的强度,要采用与原车架纵横梁同型号、规格的材料,材料的性能、质量应符合相应标准的规定,一般车架都选用16MnL专用材料。2后悬改装操作注意事项后悬改装时要移动后横梁或增加辅助横梁,横梁与纵梁上下翼联接最好采用铆接方式。铆接具有工艺简单、抗震、耐冲击和牢固可靠等优点。如果采用螺栓联接,要注意螺栓应采用强度等级不低于8级的螺栓,螺母应采用自锁螺母,整体上要保证强度和防松要求。纵梁加长一般采用焊接方式,为了确保车架加长不出现质量问题,一般企业都制定了《车辆改装车架接长专用工艺规程》,其中规定了焊接人员、设备、材料、操作方法等,每批产品改装前都要做焊缝强度试验,试验合格后,才允许按照工艺要求进行施工。试样材料与被接长的纵梁一致,一般都是16MnL,按照下图制作两件(见图2)。两件对接立焊,采用J507或J502焊条,分两次焊完,底层采用!(2 mm焊条,顶层采用(!4 mm焊条,电流I=110~170A。焊缝要求如下(图3)。

Guide the future development of the concept of automotive vehicles Summary of high-tech popularization and application makes the pace of replacement automotive products faster and faster, also makes the Chinese automotive industry independent research and development level and technical level with the international on the growing gap in the development of the concept car is even more the difference between the very WTO accession for China car alarm sounded, but also tremendous opportunity, our government, as well as automotive companies must increase their research and automotive design input, to establish a positive right car design concept, the concept of extensive vehicle design Keywords concept car designed to develop science, technology and culture Technology start-ups PIONEERINGWITHSCIENCE & TECHNOLOGYMONTHLY The 21st century, in order to lead and performance of the new century, the development of future automotive trends, a number of international auto companies, one after another at the major auto show in the world to launch its own concept car and new There is, however, must be caused by a phenomenon we are concerned about: As a car big country, but few Chinese car makers to launch its own development and design concept Are one of the main reasons for China's automotive design concepts and methods, as well as the lack of research and development of concept cars do not pay enough It can be said that a self-designed and self-development capacity of the automobile industry, it is difficult to say that is a complete auto Thus we must intensify the study of automotive design and input, to establish a positive right car design concept, the concept of extensive vehicle 1 "concept car" is defined The so-called "concept cars" that have not yet begun to enter the market with a design unique and must advance the awareness of the new Its main characteristics are: it must give people are to consider that can guide the new concept It has just the design in general at the time, people's aesthetic ideas, the purchasing power and even the level of motor vehicle manufacturing industry is also Generally it will be it avant-garde design, innovative materials, bold use of a more perfect performance, the new car interior design indicates that the direction of development of the automobile Some of the world's largest car company every year to spend many human and material resources to design their own concept car, and in some large auto exposition on It can be said that with the continuous introduction of concept cars, the near future may occur on some concept cars have today, some features or functions of the But not necessarily a concept car will each eventually evolve into mass production cars to enter the market, the majority of concept cars are finally only a "concept" for people to discuss the 2 concept car, in reality the meaning of 1 concept car design and development of automotive products reflected the development trend of 1 the performance of the highest scientific level and the most sophisticated technology in concept car At the International Motor Show the previous, and the major automotive companies and the introduction of the concept of lot of cars, concept cars to remove these sleek, but also more integrated into a large number of high-tech and modern means of the introduction of the concept car to become Motor Company takes pride in the idea of the concept of automotive research and development are often accompanied by new technologies and the use of new materials with certain forward-looking, herald a new stage of development and the beginning for this reason that car companies the development of the concept car has invested great human and material resources, with its show car the company's strong momentum of Various high-tech applications, making car slowly evolved into information, communications, entertainment centers and the exchange of information with the outside world, the computer functions and Internet all-round involvement, in-car information and entertainment equipment, advanced navigation equipment, real-time traffic information function of the growing popularity of the inevitable demand of these high-tech automotive designers transcend time and space to establish a new value system, the emergence of various new technologies for the automotive design freely given to a wider Function of motor vehicles for further expansion and development of the concept car, the car gradually from the cold machinery into human information exchange platform, if the concept car has its own way of expressing their emotions with pregnant, anger, sadness and joy, such as facial expression make the concept car than in high volume production cars, become a new symbol of Concept Car Design of automotive products have greater and greater impact, it represents the development direction of the automobile industry and the basic idea of the automobile company design standards and a symbol of scientific and technological 2 human physiological needs and psychological needs of the largest Satisfied --- Automotive Engineering in the Ergonomics Ergonomics are 50 in the early 20th century with the rapid development of a new subject with the aim of research, design and engineering technology to solve the relationship between the human Car body design in ergonomics, it is to people (drivers and passengers) as the center, from the body's physiology, psychology, and exercise the human body, the research body design, layout and equipment in terms of how to adapt to people need to create a manipulation convenient, safe, reliable, beautiful and comfortable driving environment and take the environment, that is the best person to design a - vehicle - environment Automotive Design Human-Computer analysis of the first ministries to human size required for measurement, statistics and analysis, conducting interior layout design as a basis to determine the effective space vehicle, as well as parts, assemblies (seats, dashboard , steering wheel, ) position and dimensions of the relationship between Through the study of human physiological structure, so that the seat design in full compliance with the requirements of human Based on the manipulation of human manipulation of the scope and power to determine the layout of the manipulator position and force size, so that when the human body to manipulate natural, rapid, accurate and lightweight, so as to reduce the degree of manipulation of Through the visual characteristics of the human eye, the effect of vision research, testing, checking driver information system, to ensure that drivers have access to proper driving Exercise in accordance with the characteristics of the human body to study the automobile collision on the human body, a reasonable protection, the right to determine the hinged point seat belts and binding on the human body to study the vibration of the impact on ride comfort, research on and get off at the convenience of passengers, and door openings in order to determine location and According to the body's physiological requirements, reasonable certainty that the air-conditioning system and Research on the psychological characteristics and requirements, to design a comfortable, beautiful, relaxed by the 3 virtual product development technology At present, a growing number of automotive design companies and manufacturing companies to start using virtual product development technology, using three-dimensional virtual reality 3D technology development concept Opel car using 3D virtual reality technology concept car design and Designers can experience floating in the air of a virtual image of car design and manufacturing, saving considerable development costs, and plans to be extended to its North American assembly plant to Britain's Rolls-Royce, Renault, France, Germany Audi, as well as Italy, Sweden and other auto plants are actively engaged in this virtual design and Over the past automotive research and development centers to develop new or modified are first shaped body sludge physical model, is extremely time-consuming Now automotive R & D, in particular the development of concept cars are increasingly seeking the shortest development If the introduction of virtual product development technologies, as long as the computer input data to construct a model figure model, in the laboratory can show an ideal vehicle images, as long as the engineers wear eyepiece, you can see clearly, there is such as a car in front of us true, after all the discussion of design engineers modifications, you can quickly design an ideal new Stereotypes, the computer can use the data, outsourcing trial and trial fitted the new parts and components, assembly achieve zero error, and the development of aging more rapidly than in the 4 the concept of green environment-friendly vehicles to the development trend of Since entering the 21st century, countries around the world have been produced about 5 billion vehicles, according to expert estimates that in 2010 global vehicle production will reach 75 People sigh at the rapid development of automobile industry, but also an increasing awareness of pollution from motor vehicles to harm human beings, so many countries of the vehicle to develop environmental protection measures and regulations to protect the environment for human survival, so automotive environmental protection the design of this new concept car design to be placed in a prominent position on the Improve energy efficiency, improved engine configurations, including electronically controlled fuel injection system, secondary air injection, thermal reactor, exhaust gas recirculation system, catalytic purification device, crankcase ventilation systems, fuel evaporation control The development of alternative fuels, research and development of new environmentally-friendly energy, including natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas, fast charging batteries, hybrid power, hydrogen In the automotive manufacturing process, use of green materials, green packaging, green manufacturing processes and equipment and equipment Green car recycling 2 Concept car indicates road traffic in the evolution of human behavior 1 Concept foretells the future of the way road traffic trends Along with the development of automobile, the vehicle status is also slowly change, now car in people's minds as a symbol, a symbol of wealth and the embodiment of a status, but the car as a way of the nature of road traffic has Concept car design is based on the nature of a car's innovative design Concept car at the design of the way through the daily life of mankind, human beings in road traffic in the use of methods such as behavior and ways of life all aspects of prediction and analysis, it is envisaged to solve the future in the way road traffic between the object harmonious Strong and high-speed in today's technology enables the development of means of transport have a much broader space for development, more and more high-tech continuously applied at a new At present many of the world's major auto companies have realized that the development of the next car is no longer the biggest obstacles are technical limitations, but limits the designers Now appearing in major auto show concept cars are generally two types: one is based on the latest available technology can achieve another kind of concept cars are those who put forward some innovative technology options but is still in the research phase of the concept Able to express their feelings such as car, truck can random shell replacement car, be able to easily change the driving mode of motor vehicles, be able to swim in the water of the amphibious vehicle, able to fly in space vehicles, be able to change Like from Toyota and Sony jointly developed by "POD" cars, will be able to through the car before the lights, mirrors, antenna, as well as the rear seat to the car owners to express their "" Like Volkswagen's Seat International Auto Show in the United States on the introduction of multi-functional concept car "Sal? Juancheng sa", there are sports, comfort and three kinds of urban-type driving mode selection for 2 Concept of culture differences in performance The United States as a world leader in the auto industry, concept cars at the manufacturing are on the forefront in the At the United States because of cultural blending, collision, so the concept car embodies the greater the diversity of cultures; are also caused by a highly developed country commercial, commercial design and pragmatism prevailed, so the design is set up at a deep aesthetic Ethics on the real and solve practical With the American cars are in sharp contrast to the Japanese concept Japan as the world's output of the second car big country, its concept car many practical and imagination, technology is better than art, more concerned about solving technical problems, it can be said in Japan This is the premise of the concept of car design, each model is to solve one kinds of technical problems The Japanese car model to maintain a small, simple, style characteristics of the economy and harmonious relations between man-machine deal with the Japanese are reflected as a delicate oriental thinking and compromise approach to solve the The United States put the design of commercial operation as an important aspect, Japan put out of Products Designed to accelerate as a tool, Germany put Designed as a social and cultural foundation, while the French took the design as a designer of stage From various countries so the concept of car design in different styles, we can see different countries, different concepts, as well as their different cultural backgrounds 3 Concluding remarks The future of automotive design as the development of the inevitable progress of Automotive Technology with each passing day, many of the artistic style of the designer will make it even more widely and more strongly reflected in the car design, and give people a wider Under high-tech, and personality of the car more humane 21st century will be the necessity of the development of the automobile industry, because it is consistent with human culture, the pursuit of individuality and Therefore, the increase in automobile design concept of the attention and input, will be the development of China's automobile industry has played a great role in pushing References 1尹定邦 Introduction to Study Design [M] Hunan: Hunan Science and Technology Press, 1999 2张洪欣 Auto Design [M] Beijing: Mechanical Industry Press, 1997 3 Tang Jia-Ti, Han Xiao Jian had --- Product conceptual design theory, methods and techniques [M] Beijing: Mechanical Industry Press, 2002

With the entry of informative network times is comimg, people are not simply satisfied with Atuo as the means of walking replacement, but to expect it can be closely related life to work, just as we work in the office or at home while we take the Meanwhile, Auto electronic rapid developing is regarded as the revolution of Auto technology E-vehicle developing level is one of the key points to measure modern auto Followed the rapid development of comupter, telecommunication and integrated circuit technology, the typified digital field bus of field instrument and other related instruments widely used, and the complicated live link are replaced by simple live network link, the quality of signal transmission becomes much better than before, so that Auto gradually enters internet In reccent decade, customers have higher quality on comfort, security, eco-friendliness of A To meet these increasing demands, many electronic equipment controlled by computer is sharpely increasing in Auto, as a result of line connection becomes more difficult in Auto, especially in Besides, the quantity of electronic line point shows Inevitably it’ll has some troubles or blocks in So that many new model or high-level model auto is using network technology in the process of research to solve these This essay talks about how network is used in inner and outer auto, refering to the characteristic and standard of inner network used in A While the key point is to emphasise on the main features and using of controlling local area According to driving performance, auto electronic products could be classified as followings: one is Auto electronic control devices, including engine, chassis and body electronic The other is car electronic devices, including motor vehicle information systems, navigation systems, car audio and video entertainment systems, automotive communications systems, internet equipment

Society into the information network era, the requirements of the vehicle no longer be satisfied with a means of transport, but also want to live and work car is an extension of the scope, in the car like in their own office and home work and At the same time, the growing automotive electronics and also the rapid development of automotive technology was considered in the development process of a revolution of automotive electronics is a measure of the degree is seen as an important level of Hyundai Motor With computer technology, communication technology, the rapid development of integrated circuit technology in order to figure represented Fieldbus field instrument, equipment, a large number of applications, red tape has been the scene of a single simple connection of fieldbus networks in place of, the quality of signal transmission also greatly improved, cars have begun to enter the Internet A In the last decade, the users of motor vehicles for the comfort, safety and environmental requirements such as performance In order to meet these ever-increasing demand for computer-controlled vehicle electrical and electronic equipment increased dramatically, making vehicles (especially cars) the design of the layout of electrical circuits has become increasingly In addition, a variety of automotive electrical and electronic connector of the ensuing surge in the number of motor vehicles traveling on the course because of the failure point connector automotive electrical and electronic equipment on the issue of failure to perform its functions more and more To address these problems, many new models (especially the high-end models) the beginning of the development of the wider use of computer network In this paper, computer network technology in the automotive application of the basic principles of network technology on the inside and outside the vehicle, the introduction of the internal network, introduced the characteristics of automotive and automotive standards for the internal network, focuses on the control of the main local area network CAN characteristics and their Vehicle performance in accordance with the role of the impact of division of motor vehicle electronic products can be summarized as two types: one is the automotive electronic control devices, including the engine, chassis and body electronic One is car-car electronic devices, including motor vehicle information systems, navigation systems, car audio and video entertainment systems, automotive communications systems, Internet

专用汽车结构与设计论文题目推荐及答案

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合成机油的特点及类型?回答打开链接就知道!

汽车未来发展方向有三个,你可以选其一作为论文题目:1、关于汽车节能方面的,如轻量化,汽车发动机控制等2、关于汽车环保方面的,如电子电器控制方面的;3、关于汽车安全反面的,如有限元分析方面的,结构耐撞性研究等

专用汽车结构与设计论文题目推荐及答案大全

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你自己没思路的话~可以看下(机械工程与技术 )期刊里面的文献啊~看下这类论文别人是研究什么的~说不定就能找到自己的灵感

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汽车知识:机械-基本原理一:我国汽车的分类及表示方法二:汽车行驶的基本原理三:汽车总体结构四:汽车主要零件术语五:汽车主要参数六:何谓汽车排放欧Ⅰ欧Ⅱ标准汽车知识:机械-发动机一:发动机的分类二:汽油发动机工作原理三:柴油发动机工作原理四:新GLOBAL直列4缸发动机五:捷达2气门车横流扫气的浅释六:柴油机新技术七:教你了解VTEC发动机技术八:正确看待涡轮增压器九:SAAB燃烧控制系统十:健康有力的引擎动力来自点火使者——火花塞十一:何为顶置式凸轮轴?十二:到底哪一种气门数的汽油引擎比较好?十三:令人赞叹的HONDA引擎十四:中置发动机是怎么回事?十五:从参数看汽车发动机的指标汽车知识:机械-传动系一:汽车传动系概括二:离合器总括三:摩擦离合器四:变速器概括五:4WD 决战 AWD六:前轮驱动VS后轮驱动七:传动系统专题五、无级变速器八:传动系统专题四、四轮驱动系统九:ZF Ecomat—城市公共汽车用自动变速箱十:传动系统专题三、中置/后置引擎十一:传动系统专题二、前置引擎后轮驱动十二:汽车知识轻松入门九——变速器概括十三:传动系统专题一、前置引擎前轮驱动十四:汽车知识轻松入门八——摩擦离合器十五:汽车知识轻松入门七——离合器总括十六:汽车知识轻松入门六——汽车传动系概括十七:下一代的变速器 Hyper CVT十八:变速箱机构入门简介十九:自动变速箱汽车知识:机械-行驶系列一:轮胎做动平衡常识二:轿车的悬架三:轮胎的不正常磨损四:您的爱车是什么悬吊?五:什么是麦弗逊式悬挂?六:轮子的平衡及其它七:汽车的悬挂系统八:轮胎标记有讲究
汽车知识:机械-转向系和制动系一:四轮转向(4WS)汽车知识:机械-车身及附属设备一:安全气囊工作原理和使用指南二:德尔福的集成安全系统(ISS)三:GPS到底是什么?四:汽车“防滑控制系统”浅释五:天窗三明治为车身增加强度六:汽车为什么装“尾翼”?七:了解车辆灯光与视镜八:深入了解ABS九:轿车车身上的三大立柱

专用汽车结构与设计论文题目推荐及答案解析

对于汽车维修企业而言,应该在自主意识的引导下,逐步设法确立自己的独特品牌形象,以提升自身的竞争力。自有品牌形象塑造问题的本质,即是创造差异化的竞争战略,其积极意义至少体现在以下几个方面:一是独特的企业品牌形象能为消费者确立识别标志,有助于消费者进行理性选择,从而提升消费需求的满足程度。品牌形象塑造的实质是通过向消费者提供关于企业维修服务品质的信息以引导其做出积极反应,企业应该知道消费者需要的是维修服务所能带来的效用,而大多数服务的效用并不能凭借直观感受加以判断,当消费者无法确定服务的质量水准时会倾向于借助品牌来识别。 在汽车维修企业服务品质参差不齐的情况下,困扰消费者的主要问题是凭借何种依据判别究竟哪家企业值得信赖。通过对汽车消费者的问卷调查,我们发现大多数消费者在对车辆进行维修保养时,所选择的维修企业往往是经由友人或是某些媒体重点推荐的,因为消费者通常不具备独立鉴别维修服务质量的能力,面对鱼龙混杂的众多汽车维修企业时难辨良莠,只能借助某些能体现企业外在形象特征的标志作为识别依据。不难想象,如果汽车维修企业能够有效确 立独特而完善的品牌形象,则对消费者的吸引力定能极大增强。二是良好的品牌形象能有效提升汽车维修企业在行业中的竞争力。汽车维修企业相互间的竞争既是技术、价格上的竞争,也是品牌的竞争,由于消费者对技术及价格条件的辨识能力较弱,而品牌事实上直接影响到消费者对维修服务评价的差异性,因而对于企业竞争力的影响显得尤为突出。一旦品牌形象塑造得以成功地揭示企业服务的独特优势,则能使其展示出强大的竞争力。在汽车维修行业差异 化竞争强度日渐加大的情况下,品牌形象塑造已经超越技术和价格而成为企业寻求竞争优势时所倚仗的最重要的手段。三是完善的品牌形象能帮助汽车维修企业增强赢利能力。在汽车维修企业的发展过程中,品牌形象的优劣与企业的服务产品价格高低之间有着十分密切的关系,进而影响到企业的营业收入及利润。企业应该意识到决定服务产品价格的条件除了服务质量之外,还有无形的企业品牌形象。因为从实质来看,汽车维修服务产品的赢利能力强弱取决于 其能否为消费者创造更高的价值,或曰能否更好地满足消费者对维修服务提出的不同水准的需求。完善的品牌形象会使消费者确信企业的服务产品具备这种能力,而消费者也甘愿为此付出更高的代价。 实际调查中我们发现几乎所有的消费者都表示,如果有充分的证据显示某家汽车维修企业值得信赖,他们宁愿花费更多的费用来寻求其帮助。事实上消费者在选择汽车维修服务产品时的顾虑往往不是费用的多少而是服务是否称心如意。四是理想的企业品牌形象有助于培养顾客忠诚度,确保企业的长远利益。汽车维修企业的收益从长远角度衡量主要来自于高度忠诚的消费者,他们对于服务产品的重复购买率较高,是企业重点关注的对象,而着力于培养这部分消 费者也就成为企业的工作重心。而顾客忠诚度的提升很大程度上依赖于品牌形象对消费者形成的吸引力强弱。

汽车大梁的有限元分析

这个 就有些纠结了 可以去书店弄点资料 汗 我对论文这东西没兴趣 不过要说关于汽车的东西的话 就是说话的话 随便谈论一下 也不少于3000字了 书店一般都有关于汽车的书籍 其中涵盖了  汽车基本结构(汽车基本结构分为 发动机结构 底盘结构[底盘结构也分得很细 变速箱结构 传动轴结构 主减速器结构 主减速器中还有差速器结构 还有制动器结构等等] 汽车电器结构 汽车气路结构 等等)  汽车保养维护[其中包括 汽车日常保养 汽车发动机保养 汽车底盘保养 汽车电器设备保养 汽车气路设备保养 汽车轮胎保养 汽车油漆保养 汽车玻璃保养等等]  汽车文化[其中包括 世界名车介绍 世界各大名牌汽车的辉煌历史等等]  汽车驾驶技巧[其中包括正常的交通规则 和一般驾驶时 遇到紧急情况的应对措施等等]  这里面东西可多了 我上面说的这一部分里面 还有好多内容可以在论文中写到一块 比如说 踩一脚刹车 这一脚刹车里面 学问可多了 从汽车驾驶技巧来说 踩刹车的时机 和松刹车的时机 都很重要 除了刹车时机 刹车深度也很重要 这个时候 就可以谈到车的操控部分 从刹车踏板 到刹车总泵的杠杆原理 然后是刹车总泵从油杯里泵油 再到输油管 进入ABS(防抱死系统) 有的车甚至还要经过一道EBD(电子制动力分配系统 通过感应4个车轮附着地面的条件 自动分配每个轮子的刹车力度) 然后油会到刹车分泵 再从刹车分泵的油管到刹车分泵里的活塞 再到制动片 制动盘 固定螺栓 轮辋 轮胎 (这里面 又包括了 刹车油的选择和更换条件 如何更换刹车油 制动片的材料 制动盘的材料[这个地方是高温件 对材料有讲究] 如何检测 更换制动片 制动盘 还有轮胎的养护 轮辋的养护等等 ) 通过制动片与制动盘 和 轮胎的抓地力 与地面摩擦 跟速度相抗衡 才能起到刹车的效果 [这里面 又包含了汽车底盘构造里面的好多内容 其实 车这东西 就是人类通过想象力构造出的一种连锁反应 就像是玩多米诺一样 给一个动力 它就会好无止境的一环扣一环的发生连锁反应 直到这个动力消失为止(也就是这个连锁反应的终点) 它是人类想象力 创造力 和 现代工艺的产物 代表着人类的思维能力]  而且 制动系统的种类又有那么多 盘式 毂式 电涡流缓速器(这个是辅助制动系统 装在主减速器与传动轴之间 通过高电流产生与传动轴动力相反的作用力实现缓速作用) 就光盘式制动器 就分出了通风盘式 带毂盘式 单活塞盘式制动器 双活塞盘式制动器 四活塞盘式制动器等  看 就光刹车就能谈出这么多东西出来 而且还是正常的基本理论 那么随便翻一下关于车的那么多书 我相信 你的 3000字的论文 绝对是小菜一碟 车的学问太多了 短短3000字 其实是说不完的 随便找个品牌的车的使用说明书 可能都不止3000字 我的语言表达能力不是很好 别笑我

专用汽车结构与设计论文题目推荐及理由

毕 业 论 文(设计)  题目:汽车发动机冷却系统维护  所在院系  专业班级  学 号  学生姓名  指导教师  2010 年 03月 21 日  目 录  摘要 ………………………………………………………………………………1  关键词 ……………………………………………………………………………1  1引言…………………………………………………………………………………2  2 冷却系统的作用……………………………………………………………2  3 冷却系统的组成………………………………………………………………2  4 冷却系统的构造及维护……………………………………………………………2  5 冷却系统的工作原理……………………………………………………………4  6 冷却系统的特点……………………………………………………………………4  7 冷却系统的检修……………………………………………………………………4  8冷却系统智能控制……………………………………………………………………6  1 系统组成……………………………………………………………………6  2 单片机控制系统工作原理……………………………………………………………6  3 单片机系统控制工作过程……………………………………………………………6  结论…………………………………………………………………………………10  谢辞…………………………………………………………………………………11  参考文献 ………………………………………………………………………12  摘 要  本文论述了冷却系统的作用、组成、主要构造、工作原理、日常维护、故障的检测步骤和排除方法,同时论述了冷却系统系统化、模块化设计方法,以及冷却系统的智能控制,并举例做出简单介绍。  关键词:冷却系统 冷却系统维护 温度设定点 冷却系统智能控制  1 引言:如果一台发动机,冷却系统的维修率一直居高不下,往往会引起发动机其他构件损坏,特别是随着车辆行驶里程的增加,冷却系统的工作效率逐渐下降,对发动机的整体工作能力产生较大影响,冷却系统的重要性在于维护发动机常温下工作,尤如人体的皮肤汗腺,如果有一天,人体的汗腺不能正常工作,那么身体内的热量将无法散去,轻则产生中暑,重则休克。  2 冷却系统的作用  冷却系统的功用是带走引擎因燃烧所产生的热量,使引擎维持在正常的运转温度范围内。引擎依照冷却的方式可分为气冷式引擎及水冷式引擎,气冷式引擎是靠引擎带动风扇及车辆行驶时的气流来冷却引擎;水冷式引擎则是靠冷却水在引擎中循环来冷却引擎。不论采何种方式冷却,正常的冷却系统必须确保引擎在各样行驶环境都不致过热。  3 冷却系统的组成  水冷却系统一般由散热器、节温器、水泵、水道、风扇等组成。散热器负责循环水的冷却,它的水管和散热片多用铝材制成,铝制水管做成扁平形状,散热片带波纹状,注重散热性能,安装方向垂直于空气流动的方向,尽量做到风阻要小,冷却效率要高。散热器又分为横流式和垂直流动两种,空调冷凝器通常与其装在一起。  水泵和节温器  发动机是由冷却液的循环来实现的,强制冷却液循环的部件是水泵,它由曲轴皮带带动,推动冷却液在整个系统内循环。目前最先进的水泵是宝马新一代直六发动机上采用的电动水泵,它能精确的控制水泵的转速,并有效的减少了对输出功率的损耗。这些冷却液对发动机的冷却,要根据发动机的工作情况而随时调节。当发动机温度低的时候,冷却液就在发动机本身内部做小循环,当发动机温度高的时候,冷却液就在发动机—散热器之间做大循环。实现冷却液做不同循环的控制部件是节温器。可以将节温器看作一个阀门,其原理是利用可随温度伸缩的材料(石蜡或乙醚之类的材料)做开关阀门,当水温高时材料膨胀顶开阀门,冷却液进行大循环,当水温低时材料收缩关闭阀门,冷却液小循环。  空气的流动  为了提高散热器的冷却能力,在散热器后面安装风扇强制通风。以前的轿车散热器风扇是由曲轴皮带直接带动的,发动机启动它就要转,不能视发动机温度变化而变化,为了调节散热器的冷却力,要在散热器上装上活动百页窗以控制风力进入。现在已经普遍使用风扇电磁离合器或者电子风扇,当水温比较低时离合器与转轴分离,风扇不动,当水温比较高时由温度传感器接通电源,使离合器与转轴接合,风扇转动。同样,电子风扇由电动机直接带动,由温度传感器控制电动机运转。这两种形式的散热器电扇运转实际上都由温度传感器控制。  散热器  散热器兼作储水及散热作用,再此之上还装有膨胀水箱。因为单纯依赖散热器有几个缺点,一是水泵吸水一侧因压力低而容易沸腾,水泵的叶轮容易穴蚀;二是气水分离会产生气阻;三是温度高冷却液容易沸腾。因此设计师就加装了膨胀水箱,它的上下两根水管分别与散热器上部和水泵进水口联接,防止上述问题的产生。  冷却介质  虽然我们称其为水冷但冷却介质并不是单纯的水,而是由水、防冻液和各种专门用途的防腐剂组成的混合物,也称为冷却液。这些冷却液中的防冻液含量占30%~50%,提高了液体的凝固点,防止在低温下结冰而损坏发动机。整个冷却系统并不与大气相通,相当于高压锅的作用,水箱盖则相当于高压阀,一般情况下,轿车冷却液的允许工作温度可达摄氏120度,提高传热能  4 冷却系统的构造及维护  汽车发动机的冷却系统是保持发动机正常工作的重要部件,如果发动机冷却系统的维修率很高,就会引起发动机其他部件的损坏,使发动机的整体工作能力受到影响,因此,汽车发动机冷却系统的维护与保养就显得尤为重要,那么,怎样才能使汽车发动机的冷却系统保持良好的状态呢?驰耐普的汽车美容养护专家告诉我们,正确堆护发动机的冷却系统,首先应了解常用的水冷式发动机的主要部件:  第一、冷却液,冷却液指清洁的软水,不是什么水都可以当作冷却液的,越娇贵的车对水质的要求越高。比如,清澈的泉水,虽然清澈,看起来也干净,但泉水中含有大量的矿物质,如果加入发动机的冷却系统中,就会产生大量的水垢,影响冷却系统正常作用的发挥,可见,冷却液水质的好坏是相当重要的,国际上普遍使用的乙二醇型冷却液是在软化水中按比例添加防冻剂乙二醇,配以适量的金属缓蚀剂、阻垢剂等添加剂进行科学调和,达到冬季防冻、夏季防沸、且能防腐蚀、防水垢等作用。  1、防冻。用乙二醇配制的冷却液最低可在-70℃环境下使用。市场上销售的冷却液,乙二醇浓度一般保持在33~50%之间,也就是冰点在-20℃~-45℃之间,往往根据不同地域的实际需要合理选择,以满足使用要求。  2、防沸。加到水中的乙二醇会改变冷却液的沸点。乙二醇浓度越高,冷却液的沸点也就越高,-20℃时冷却液的沸点为5℃,而-50℃时沸点达到5℃。如果冷却系统采用压力盖,冷却液的实际沸点会更高,即使在炎热的夏天,也能有效的防止冷却液“开锅”。  3、防腐。冷却液最主要的功能是防腐蚀。腐蚀是一种化学、电化学和浸蚀作用,逐步破坏冷却系统内的金属表面,严重时可使冷却系统的壁穿孔,引起冷却液漏失,导致发动机损坏。使用去离子水及适当的添加剂能防止各种腐蚀的出现。  4、防锈。锈蚀是由于冷却系统内的氧化作用造成的。热量和湿气使锈蚀的过程加速。锈蚀留下的残余物会阻塞冷却系统,加速磨损和降低热传导的效率。冷却液中的添加剂有助于防止冷却系统通道内锈蚀的出现。  5、防垢。水源中所含的各种杂质,其中包括金属离子、无机盐等,决定了结垢和沉淀的形成,会大大地降低冷却系统的导热效率,在许多情况下会对发动机造成严重损害。冷却液所使用的去离子水,可以避免结垢和沉淀的形成,从而保护发动机。  第二、汽缸水套,它相当于发动机燃烧室周围的水道,当发动机产生大量的热时,汽缸水套将发挥降温的作用在发动机中,水和油的管道泾渭分明、互不干涉,如果发现冷却液中有油,就说明水路和油路发生了穿孔现象,一旦出现这种情况,水温表的水温会急剧上升,这时一定要及时采取措施。  第三、散热水箱和冷却风扇,散热水箱从外观看状似蜂窝,做成这种形状是为了增加水箱的散热面积,以增强散热效果;冷却风扇有在正面安装的,也有在侧面安装的,汽车在高速行驶过程中,冷却风扇将外面的空气吸引进来,利用自然风,起到冷却的作用。冷却系和空调冷凝器共同的风扇是直流永磁电动机风扇,用装在散热器上的温度控制开关来控制,当散热器中冷却液温度下降至93℃-98℃时风扇停转。由于电动风扇的电源不受点火开关的控制,因此发动机熄火后,散热器中液温若高于88℃-93℃,电动风扇运转是不正常的。如果低于88℃时风扇仍转,则是不正常的;而温度高于98℃时,仍不转也是不正常的。当温度高于105℃时,温控开关高温部分接通,电源接通电动机便高速运转;当温度达到120℃时,冷却水温过高,报警指示灯闪亮,为风扇有故障或冷却液不足。如电动机风扇不转,先检查和更换熔断丝,或检修温控开关,必要时再查看电风扇有无损坏。  第四、冷却水泵和节温器,冷却液在冷却系统中的流动,主要依靠冷却水泵的动力;节温器能感知发动机的工作温度,低温时,它封住水套中的水,令其在水套内流动,当达到一定温度时再打开,让水经过散热水箱,发挥散热作用。这里值得说明的是,切勿将节温器摘掉,否则会导致发动机过冷而难以启动。正确维护发动机的冷却系统,应了解经常出现的几种冷却系统故障:  1、由于冷却液水质不好,水箱中经常会出现锈污和水垢,它们积聚在水箱通道结合处、弯角处,阻碍水流畅通,造成散热不良,如果出现这种情况,应及时清洗干净,日常加水时,尽量加清洁软水,如果用除垢防锈液,养护效果会更好,这里给您推荐驰耐普的S-510冷却系快速除垢剂,它可以迅速溶解冷却系统中形成的水垢、油泥和锈皮,恢复冷却系统的功能,使冷却液循环顺畅,防止过热、开锅而引发的发动机损坏及动力不足;另外,驰耐普的S-520冷却系防锈润滑剂也是一款不错的产品,它能防止冷却系统锈蚀和腐蚀,有效抑制水垢生成,润滑水泵、节温器,消除水泵异响,保护铜、铝、锡和其它金属部件,延长水箱寿命,防止水箱开锅,使发动机在正常温度下工作。维护时清除冷却系水垢措施:可采用2%苛性钠水溶液加入冷却系统,使汽车行驶一天后全部放出,再用清水冲洗;然后再加入同样苛性钠溶液,使用一天后放净,最后用清水冲净即可。也可在冷却系统中加满清水后,从膨胀箱的加水口加入1kg苏打,让汽车行驶一天放净后,使发动机低速运行,并不断从加水口加入清水,即可彻底清除水垢。  2、漏水,只要是流体,都有泄漏的可能,汽缸水套中的水一旦发生泄漏,水温表的水温就会急剧上升,出现这种情况,您一定要及时采取必要的措施,以免发生不必要的麻烦,这里给您介绍驰耐普的S-530冷却系止漏剂,它对于冷却系统的修复和保护作用等同于“99超强修复剂”和“S-201”,对于发动机的修复和保护,对于阻止水箱、散热器、水泵、节温器等部件的渗漏是独到的,它可与任何冷却液相融使用,并可减缓冷却系统杂质的产生。  总的来讲,冷却系统还有很多故障,不能一一列举。一般情况下,各位车主应遵循这样一个原则,车辆每行驶1000千米,就应查看一下发动机的工作情况。另外,汽车刚停车时,不可立即打开水箱盖,以免出现烫伤的情况。  5 冷却系统工作原理  冷却系的功用就是使发动机在任何工况下都得到适度的冷却,从而保持在适宜的温度(冷却液温度)下工作。  夏利TJ376Q型发动机采用闭式强制循环水冷却系,其组成如图所示。  图1-1 发动机的冷却系  (A)冷却系的布置示意图;(b)发动机机体内的水套  l-风扇;2-散热器;3-散热器出水管;4-水泵;5-节温器;6-进气管;7-风扇电机控制开关;8-空阀散热器进水管;9-旁通软管;10-蓄电池;11-点火开关;12-膨胀水箱;13-空调散热器出水管;14-散热器进水管;l5—风扇电机;I6-进气管底部水套;17-气缸盖水套;l8-气缸体水套;A-到空调散热器去;B-由空调散热器来  当发动机工作时,在水泵4的作用下,进入水泵4中的冷却液被压入缸体水套l8中,并进入缸盖水套l7中,然后经缸盖侧向水道进入进气管底部的水套16中,对进气管6进行加热,以促进其中的混合气中的汽油蒸发、混合。在进气管6的后端装有节温器5,在冷却液温度低于82℃时,节温器阀门关闭,冷却液仅经空调散热器进水管8、空调散热器、空调散热器出水管l3流入散热器出水管3。如果空调暖风开关处于关闭,冷却液则不流经空调散热器,而直接由空调散热器进水管8经旁通管9流进散热器出水管3,最后进入水泵4,即进行小循环;在冷却液温度高于82℃时,节温器阀门打开,冷却液除进行上述小循环外,还经散热器进水管8流入散热器2中冷却降温,再沿散热器出水管3流入水泵4,即进行大循环。冷却液如此不断地循环流动,就使得发动机能在适宜的温度下进行工作。  冷却液的循环路线如图2-2所示。  图2-2 冷却液循环路线示意图  图3-3 散热器盖  (A)压力阀打开;(B)真空阀打开  1-溢流管;2-压力阀弹簧;3-压力阀;4-散热器加水口;5-真空阀  6 冷却系统的特点  传统冷却系统的作用是可靠地保护发动机,而还应具有改善燃料经济性和降低排放的作用。为此,现代冷却系统要综合考虑下面的因素:发动机内部的摩擦损失;冷却系统水泵的功率;燃烧边界条件,如燃烧室温度、充量密度、充量温度。  先进的冷却系统采用系统化、模块化设计方法,统筹考虑每项影响因素,使冷却系统既保证发动机正常工作,又提高发动机效率和减少排放。  1 温度设定点  发动机工作温度的极限值取决于排气门周围区域最高温度。最理想的情况是按金属温度而不是冷却液温度控制冷却系统,这样才能更好地保护发动机。由于冷却系统设定的冷却温度是以满负荷时最大散热率为基础,因此,发动机和冷却系统在部分负荷时处于不太理想状态,如市区行驶和低速行驶时,会产生高油耗和排放。  通过改变冷却液温度设定点可改善发动机和冷却系统在部分负荷时的性能。根据排气门周围区域温度极限值,可升高或降低冷却液或金属温度设定点。升高或降低温度点都各有特点,这取决于希望达到的目的。  2 提高温度设定点  提高工作温度设定点是一种比较受欢迎的方法。提高温度有许多优点,它直接影响发动机损耗和冷却系统的效果以及发动机排放物的形成。提高工作温度将提高发动机机油温度,降低发动机摩擦磨损,降低发动机燃油消耗。  研究表明,发动机工作温度对摩擦损失有很大影响。将冷却液排出温度提高到150℃,使气缸温度升高到195℃,油耗则下降4%-6%。将冷却液温度保持在90-115℃范围内,使发动机机油的最高温度为140℃,则油耗在部分负荷时下降10%。  提高工作温度也明显影响冷却系统的效能。提高冷却液或金属温度会改善发动机和散热气热传递传递的效果,降低冷却液的流速,减小水泵的额定功率,从而降低发动机的功率消耗。此外,可采用不同的方式,进一步减小冷却液的流速。  3 降低温度设定点  降低冷却系统的工作温度可提高发动机充气效率,降低进气温度。这对燃烧过程、燃油效率及排放有利。降低温度设定点可以节省发动机运行成本,提高部件使用寿命。  研究表明,若气缸盖温度降低到50℃,点火提前角可提前3℃A而不发生爆震,充气效率提高2%,发动机工作特性改善,有助于优化压缩比和参数选择,取得更好的燃油效率和排放性能。  7 冷却系统的检修  常见引起发动机过热的原因有:冷却空气流量减少(如散热器阻塞等);散热风扇不工作;低速上坡,环境温度过高;V型皮带过松,转动效率差;以及缸体有水垢,节温器失效,水泵损坏,热敏开关失灵等。  为防止冷却液温度过高,在使用中必须保持散热器和水套清洁、冷却液数量充足、风扇皮带张紧适当,以防发动机在负荷工作时间过长。必须注意以下要点:  保持冷却系(尤其散热器)外部和内部清洁,是提高散热效能的重要条件。散热器外部沾有泥污或碰撞变形,均合影响风量流通,使冷却液温度过高,必要时清洗或修复。  按规定使用防冻冷却液,保持冷却液数量充足。正确的冷却液液面高度:当发动机处于冷态时,冷却液液面在膨胀箱内,位于最高和最低标志之间。膨胀箱内装有自动液位报警传感器,当箱内液面过低时、位于仪表板上的冷却液温度报警灯问烁,应及时予以添加。  应保持风扇皮带张紧力适当,风扇正常工作。皮带过松影响水循环,加剧其磨损;过紧易损坏轴承。  热敏开关连接良好,若有松动会影响风扇换档变速及正常运转;如果发现冷却系溢水,应及时检查节温器技术状况。  防止发动机大负荷、长时间工作,以免水温过高;上坡及时换档,减轻负荷。汽车长时间坡道行驶、挡住低或是环境温度较高时,应注意散热。  更换冷却液时,将仪表板的暖风开关拨至右端使暖风控制阀全开,拆下冷却液膨胀箱盖,松开水泵口软管夹箍,拉出冷却液软管,放出冷却液后再将软管夹箍拧紧。在膨胀箱中加入冷却液,直到液面高度与最高标志齐平为止。拧紧膨胀箱盖。启动发动机,直到风扇运转,将发动机熄火,检查冷却液高度,必要时补充。膨胀箱内冷却液不能注满,加注1/2即可,一般使用2年左右更换一次。  8 冷却系统智能控制  系统由于汽车运行过程中产生强烈的振动、热辐射和电磁干扰,因此对该系统电路有特殊要求:电路要有较高的抗振动能力,以适应不同路况、车况的要求。提高系统整体的可靠性和稳定性。电路应采取有效的防护隔离措施,以提高其抗干扰能力。  1 系统组成  该系统由电控冷却风扇、电控节温器、电控导风板、微控制机构组成。电控冷却风扇由电动机驱动;电控节温器利用电加热引起双金属片变形,由双金属片变形带动节温阀旋转运动,来改变大小循环;电控导风板由双向电动机通过传动机构使之打开或关闭;微控制机构是利用89C51开发的单片机控制系统。  2 单片机控制系统工作原理  由温度传感器感受发动机水温的变化,同时把温度信号转变为同其成反比关系的电压模拟信号。这些信号经过处理(电容器低通滤波、校正和电压跟随器耦合)送入A/D转换器(ADC0809)中INO信号通道。由A/D转换器把采集来的模拟电压信号转换为数字信号并读入单片机,89C510单片机89C51根据不同的输入信号分析处理去控制驱动电路,实现对节温器继电器、导风板继电器和风扇继电器的控制。即可实现对发动机冷却能力的智能控制。  3 单片机 系统控制过程  当发动机预热时(发动机水温(70℃),单片机根据检测来的温度数据处理分析向执行元件发出控制信号,使其完成如下操作。  电控冷却风扇不工作;  电控导风板关闭状态;  电控节温器处于小循环状态。  由于导风板关闭,冷却风扇不工作,以至冷却空气不能进入散热器;同时节温器处于小循环(加热电阻丝通电),发动机水温上升很快。当水温升至75℃,单片机根据检测来的温度数据处理分析向执行元件发出控制信号,使电控节温器的加热电阻丝断电(让其进入大循环控制状态)。当水温达到80℃时,单片机又发出指令,使电控导风板处于敞开状态。  此时可充分利用汽车行驶迎面风对散热器的冷却作用,尽量减少冷却风扇的工作时间。当水温高达95℃时,单片机经数据分析发出控制指令使电控冷却风扇工作,而让节温器仍处于大循环状态,导风板仍处于敞开状态。这时冷却系统的冷却能力最大,实现快速降温。当发动机水温降至89℃时,单片机根据采样数据分析处理发出控制指令,使执行元件完成以下操作。  电控冷却风扇不工作;  电控导风板处于敞开状态;  电控节温器处于大循环状态。  这样,直到发动机水温返升至95℃,电控冷却风扇又重新工作。  结 论  汽车冷却系统对汽车来说是至关重要的,发动机就如同人类的心脏,如果不好好保护就会受到威胁,现在随着科技发展,冷却系统不象以往那样只是单纯的水冷循环,现在冷却系统智能控制很受欢迎,所以在以后的汽车发展中,单纯的冷却系统不会站主导位置了,虽然智能控制要求很高,但是在高级轿车中很实用,它代表着未来冷却系统的发现方向,智能冷却系统控制将会作为标准装置在汽车上,未来一段时间在冷却系统中将占主导位置;而智能控制将会提高发动机的使用寿命,保障汽车的安全行驶,提高人身安全等原因,将来智能控制冷却系统的发展将占主导位置  谢 辞  时间过的很快,两年的大学生活就这么结束了,有些匆忙、有些不舍,却也很充实。感谢我的母校黑龙江旅游职业技术学院让我有一段值得回忆的快乐充实的大学生活。  感谢我的辅导员XXX老师。他给予我学习上的指导和生活上的无私帮助,表示衷心感谢!祝X老师工作顺利,桃李满天下!  谢我的论文导师,XX老师,X老师在我写论文过程中为我提出了许多宝贵建议,指正了我论文中的诸多不足,使我的论文得以顺利完成,在此对导师的细心指导表示衷心感谢!  在两年的大学生活中还有很多老师和同学给予我学习和生活上的帮助,在此我向他们表示我衷心地感谢!  最后,祝母校蒸蒸日上!祝所有老师工作顺利!  参考文献  [1] 杨万福发动机原理与汽车性能北京:高等教育出版社,2004  [2] 孔宪辉张广坤。汽车故障诊断技术。北京:高等教育出版社,2002  [3] 张子波汽车发动机构造与维修。北京:高等教育出版社,2005  [4] 陈家瑞等汽车构造北京:人民交通出版社,2003  [5] 黄虎等现代汽车维修上海:上海交通大学出版社,2001

加我求求吧。里面有我的联系方式

汽车未来发展方向有三个,你可以选其一作为论文题目:1、关于汽车节能方面的,如轻量化,汽车发动机控制等2、关于汽车环保方面的,如电子电器控制方面的;3、关于汽车安全反面的,如有限元分析方面的,结构耐撞性研究等

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