关于汽车安全方面的论文题目有哪些英文
汽车未来发展方向有三个，你可以选其一作为论文题目：1、关于汽车节能方面的，如轻量化，汽车发动机控制等2、关于汽车环保方面的，如电子电器控制方面的；3、关于汽车安全反面的，如有限元分析方面的，结构耐撞性研究等
让你同学帮你在一些高校的图书馆里找，那里都有电子档的
Electronic brakeforce distribution or EBD or EBFD is an automobile brake technology that automatically varies the amount of force applied to each of a vehicle's brakes， based on road conditions， speed， loading， Always coupled with anti-lock braking systems， EBD can apply more or less braking pressure to each wheel in order to maximize stopping power whilst maintaining vehicular [1][2] Typically， the front end carries the most weight and EBD distributes less braking pressure to the rear brakes so the rear brakes do not lock up and cause a [3]How ABS worksUnder heavy braking， vehicle wheels may lock- The anti-lock braking system (ABS) monitors wheel speeds and releases pressure on individual wheel brake lines， rapidly pulsing individual brakes to prevent lock- During heavy braking， preventing wheel lock-up helps the driver maintain steering Modern ABS has four individual brake lines for each wheel， enabling different braking pressure on different road For example， less braking pressure is needed to lock a wheel on ice than a wheel which on bare If the left wheels are on asphalt and the right wheels are on ice， during an emergency stop， ABS detects the right wheels about to lock and reduces braking force on the right wheels， helping to avoid lock-up and loss of vehicle How EBD worksAs per SAE technical paper #920646 - Buschmann et "The job of the EBD as a subsystem of the ABS system is to control the effective adhesion utilization by the rear The pressure of the rear wheels is approximated to the ideal brake force distribution in a partial braking To do so， the conventional brake design is modified in the direction of rear axle overbraking， and the components of the ABS are EBD reduces the strain on the hydraulic brake force proportioning valve in the EBD optimizes the brake design with regard to: adhesion utilization; driving stability; wear; temperature stress; and pedal "EBD may work in conjunction with ABS and Electronic Stability Control ("ESC") to minimize yaw accelerations during ESC compares steering wheel angle to vehicle turning rate using a yaw rate "Yaw" is the vehicle's rotation around its vertical center of gravity (turning left or right) If the yaw sensor detects more/less yaw than the steering wheel angle should create， the car is understeering or oversteering and ESC activates one of the front or rear brakes to rotate the car back into its intended For example， if a car is making a left turn and begins to understeer (the car plows forward to the outside of the turn) ESC activates the left rear brake， which will help turn the car The sensors are so sensitive， and the actuation is so quick that the system may correct direction before the driver ABS helps prevent wheel lock-up and EBD helps apply appropriate brake force to make ESC work
关于汽车安全方面的论文题目有哪些
有招编辑部这边做过类似的文章通过的哦，小编全程 免费 提供专业写作思路和构建框架， 在线构题辅导，这样能更准确的解决同学的问题哦，望采纳哦，，麻烦同学了。
你的论文准备往什么方向写，选题老师审核通过了没，有没有列个大纲让老师看一下写作方向？ 老师有没有和你说论文往哪个方向写比较好？写论文之前，一定要写个大纲，这样老师，好确定了框架，避免以后论文修改过程中出现大改的情况！！ 学校的格式要求、写作规范要注意，否则很可能发回来重新改，你要还有什么不明白或不懂可以问我，希望你能够顺利毕业，迈向新的人生。 （一）选题 毕业论文（设计）题目应符合本专业的培养目标和教学要求，具有综合性和创新性。本科生要根据自己的实际情况和专业特长，选择适当的论文题目，但所写论文要与本专业所学课程有关。 （二）查阅资料、列出论文提纲 题目选定后，要在指导教师指导下开展调研和进行实验，搜集、查阅有关资料，进行加工、提炼，然后列出详细的写作提纲。 （三）完成初稿 根据所列提纲，按指导教师的意见认真完成初稿。 （四）定稿 初稿须经指导教师审阅，并按其意见和要求进行修改，然后定稿。 一般毕业论文题目的选择最好不要太泛，越具体越好，而且老师希望学生能结合自己学过的知识对问题进行分析和解决。 不知道你是否确定了选题， 确定选题了接下来你需要根据选题去查阅前辈们的相关论文， 看看人家是怎么规划论文整体框架的； 其次就是需要自己动手收集资料了， 进而整理和分析资料得出自己的论文框架； 最后就是按照框架去组织论文了。 你如果需要什么参考资料和范文我可以提供给你。 还有什么不了解的可以直接问我，希望可以帮到你，祝写作过程顺利 毕业论文选题的方法: 一、尽快确定毕业论文的选题方向 在毕业论文工作布置后，每个人都应遵循选题的基本原则，在较短的时间内把选题的方向确定下来。从毕业论文题目的性质来看，基本上可以分为两大类:一类是社会主义现代化建设实践中提出的理论和实际问题;另一类是专业学科本身发展中存在的基本范畴和基本理论问题。大学生应根据自己的志趣和爱好，尽快从上述两大类中确定一个方向。 二、在初步调查研究的基础上选定毕业论文的具体题目在选题的方向确定以后，还要经过一定的调查和研究，来进一步确定选题的范围，以至最后选定具体题目。下面介绍两种常见的选题方法。 浏览捕捉法 :这种方法就是通过对占有的文献资料快速地、大量地阅读，在比较中来确定论文题目地方法。浏览，一般是在资料占有达到一定数量时集中一段时间进行，这样便于对资料作集中的比较和鉴别。浏览的目的是在咀嚼消化已有资料的过程中，提出问题，寻找自己的研究课题。这就需要对收集到的材料作一全面的阅读研究，主要的、次要的、不同角度的、不同观点的都应了解，不能看了一些资料，有了一点看法，就到此为止，急于动笔。也不能“先入为主”，以自己头脑中原有的观点或看了第一篇资料后得到的看法去决定取舍。而应冷静地、客观地对所有资料作认真的分析思考。在浩如烟海，内容丰富的资料中吸取营养，反复思考琢磨许多时候之后，必然会有所发现，这是搞科学研究的人时常会碰到的情形。 浏览捕捉法一般可按以下步骤进行: 第一步，广泛地浏览资料。在浏览中要注意勤作笔录，随时记下资料的纲目，记下资料中对自己影响最深刻的观点、论据、论证方法等，记下脑海中涌现的点滴体会。当然，手抄笔录并不等于有言必录，有文必录，而是要做细心的选择，有目的、有重点地摘录，当详则详，当略则略，一些相同的或类似的观点和材料则不必重复摘录，只需记下资料来源及页码就行，以避免浪费时间和精力。 第二步，是将阅读所得到的方方面面的内容，进行分类、排列、组合，从中寻找问题、发现问题，材料可按纲目分类，如分成: 系统介绍有关问题研究发展概况的资料; 对某一个问题研究情况的资料; 对同一问题几种不同观点的资料; 对某一问题研究最新的资料和成果等等。 第三步，将自己在研究中的体会与资料分别加以比较，找出哪些体会在资料中没有或部分没有;哪些体会虽然资料已有，但自己对此有不同看法;哪些体会和资料是基本一致的;哪些体会是在资料基础上的深化和发挥等等。经过几番深思熟虑的思考过程，就容易萌生自己的想法。把这种想法及时捕捉住，再作进一步的思考，选题的目标也就会渐渐明确起来。
新能源汽车是指采用非常规的车用燃料作为动力来源（或使用常规的车用燃料、采用新型车载动力装置），综合车辆的动力操控和驱动方面的先进技术，形成的技术原理先进、具有新技术、新结构的汽车。主要区别于现在我们常见的汽油和柴油为燃料的内燃机汽车。新能源汽车包括纯电动汽车、增程式电动汽车、混合动力汽车、燃料电池电动汽车、氢动力汽车、其他新能源汽车等。下面介绍几个市场主流的新能源汽车类型：1、新能源包括混合动力汽车：采用燃油和电作为驱动原料的混合动力。目前各大品牌基本都有此类车型，比如：奔驰S400、宝马5系等，这些混动车辆都会标有Hybrid字样。2、纯电动汽车：此款车完全脱离了燃油，完全靠电作为驱动原料的混合动力。3、燃料电池汽车：这款车也是电池车，是一种氢氧混合燃料电池，您可以快速将电池燃料灌满，无需充电等待。4、氢能源动力汽车：此款车也完全脱离了燃油，利用氢能源替代了燃料。5、太阳能汽车：这款车大家比较容易理解，通过太阳能电池板，转化成电能来驱动车辆。还有其他新能源汽车，如：双燃料汽车、天然气汽车等
关于汽车安全方面的论文题目有哪些好写
汽车未来发展方向有三个，你可以选其一作为论文题目：1、关于汽车节能方面的，如轻量化，汽车发动机控制等2、关于汽车环保方面的，如电子电器控制方面的；3、关于汽车安全反面的，如有限元分析方面的，结构耐撞性研究等
提供一些关于汽车的毕业论文的题目，供参考。1 发动机排放技术的应用分析2 微型车怠速不良原因与控制措施3 柴油机电子控制系统的发展4 我国汽车尾气排放控制现状与对策5 发动机自动熄火的诊断分析6 汽车发动机的维护与保养7 柴油机微粒排放的净化技术发展趋势8 汽车污染途径及控制措施9 现代发动机自诊断系统探讨10 关于奔驰300SEL型不能着车的故障分析11 奔驰Sprinter动力不足的检测与维修12 上海通用别克发动机电控系统故障的诊断与检修13 现代伊兰特发动机电控系统故障的诊断与检修14 广本雅阁发动机电控系统故障的诊断与检修15 电子燃油喷射系统的诊断与维修16 帕萨特8T排放控制系统的结构控制原理与检修17 广本雅阁排放控制系统的结构控制原理与检修18 汽车发动机怠速成抖动现象的原因及排查方法探讨19 汽车排放控制系统的检修20 上海帕萨特B5电子燃油喷射系统的诊断与维修21 论汽车检测技术的发展22 奥迪A6排放控制系统的结构控制原理与检修23 丰田凌志400发动机电控系统故障的诊断与检修24 奥迪A6B5电子燃油喷射系统的诊断与维修25 标致307电子燃油喷射系统的诊断与维修26 捷达轿车发动机常见故障分析与检修27 汽车转向盘摆振故障分析28 防抱死系统在常用轿车上的使用特点分析29 汽车底盘的故障诊断分30 汽车的常用转向系统的性能分析31 汽车变速箱故障故障诊断32 安全气囊的发展与应用33 汽车制动系统故障诊断34 分析国产几种汽车行走系统特点35 分析国产几种汽车制动系统特点36 分析国产几种汽车转向系统特点37 机电液一体化技术在汽车中的应用38 丰田系列ABS故障诊断方法的探讨39 通用系列ABS故障诊断探讨40 奔驰560SEL车型ABS系统故障案例分析41 AL4自动变速器的结构控制原理与检修42 汽车制动系43 汽车四轮定位的探讨44 4T65E自动变速器的结构控制原理与检修45 上海通用别克转向系统故障的诊断与检修46 上海通用别克制动系统故障的诊断与检修47 现代伊兰特转向系统故障的诊断与检修48 现代伊兰特制动系统故障的诊断与检修49 SONATA制动系统的结构控制原理与检修50 电控悬架系统的结构控制原理与检修51 上海帕萨特B5自动变速器的结构控制原理与检修52 丰田佳美制动系统的结构控制原理与检修53 丰田凌志400悬架系统的结构控制原理与检修54 标致307制动系统故障的诊断与检修55 标致307手动变速器的结构控制原理与检修56 上海通用别克悬架与车桥故障分析与检修57 电控液动式自动变速器的结构控制原理与维修58 分析轮胎性能对汽车行走行使的影响59 捷达轿车底盘常见故障分析与检修60 汽车转向系课件设计61 汽车ABS综述62 车用防抱死制动系统设计63 汽车蓄电池的维护与故障控制64 信息技术在汽车中的应用65 现代汽车渗漏故障与控制技术66 汽车点火系统故障诊断67 丰田凌志400空调控制系统分析68 桑塔纳故障诊断方法的研究69 汽车空调技术浅析70 蒙迪欧的空调系统分析71 氧传感器故障检测72 传统诊断在轿车维修中的应用73 广本雅阁的空调系统故障的诊断与检修74 电子点火系统的诊断与维修75 上海帕萨特B5的空调系统故障的诊断与检修76 论车身计算机系统的结构控制原理与检修77 上海通用别克空调控制系统故障分析与检修78 广本雅阁电气设备及附件系统常见故障分析与检修79 汽车常用防盗系统综述80 汽车防撞技术综术81 现代汽车音响防干扰设计82 汽车电控技术分析83 奥迪A6电气设备及附件系统常见故障分析与检修84 上海通用别克电气设备及附件系统常见故障分析与检修85 标致307电气设备及附件系统常见故障分析与检修
1、论文题目：要求准确、简练、醒目、新颖。 2、目录：目录是论文中主要段落的简表。（短篇论文不必列目录） 3、提要：是文章主要内容的摘录，要求短、精、完整。字数少可几十字，多不超过三百字为宜。 4、关键词或主题词：关键词是从论文的题名、提要和正文中选取出来的，是对表述论文的中心内容有实质意义的词汇。关键词是用作机系统标引论文内容特征的词语，便于信息系统汇集，以供读者检索。 每篇论文一般选取3-8个词汇作为关键词，另起一行，排在“提要”的左下方。 主题词是经过规范化的词，在确定主题词时，要对论文进行主题，依照标引和组配规则转换成主题词表中的规范词语。 5、论文正文： （1）引言：引言又称前言、序言和导言，用在论文的开头。 引言一般要概括地写出作者意图，说明选题的目的和意义， 并指出论文写作的范围。引言要短小精悍、紧扣主题。 〈2）论文正文：正文是论文的主体，正文应包括论点、论据、 论证过程和结论。主体部分包括以下内容： 提出-论点； 分析问题-论据和论证； 解决问题-论证与步骤； 结论。 6、一篇论文的参考文献是将论文在和写作中可参考或引证的主要文献资料，列于论文的末尾。参考文献应另起一页，标注方式按《GB7714-87文后参考文献著录规则》进行。 中文：标题--作者--出版物信息（版地、版者、版期）：作者--标题--出版物信息 所列参考文献的要求是： （1）所列参考文献应是正式出版物，以便读者考证。 （2）所列举的参考文献要标明序号、著作或文章的标题、作者、出版物信息。
汽车安全方面的论文题目有哪些
有招编辑部这边做过类似的文章通过的哦，小编全程 免费 提供专业写作思路和构建框架， 在线构题辅导，这样能更准确的解决同学的问题哦，望采纳哦，，麻烦同学了。
你看看交通技术期刊或者直接去汉斯出版社的官网检索相关文献就可以哈，看看别人是怎么写的，你找找灵感
网上搜集 仅供参考目前学术不端检测系统比较完善，在撰写论文时一定要避免抄袭《科技传播》杂志 国家级科技学术期刊中英文目录知网万方全文收录编辑部直接收稿百度空间有期刊详细信息摘 要 本文论述了目前国内外汽车安全气囊控制的一些主要算法，并解释了该算法中的核心内容和研究特点。在结合传统方法的同时，提出了两种新的算法——数据融合控制算法和模式识别控制方法。 关键词 安全气囊；汽车碰撞；数据融合；模式识别1 引言 汽车安全气囊的应用拯救了许多乘员的生命。但随着汽车的应用越来越多，气囊错误弹出的情况也时有发生，这样反而会威胁到乘员的安全，所以必须提高安全气囊的控制性能。因此，我们也需要进一步研究气囊控制算法。 汽车安全气囊技术发展到今天，其优劣已经不在于是否能够判断发生碰撞和实现点火，现代的安全气囊控制的关键在于能够在最佳时间实现点火和对于非破坏性碰撞的抗干扰。只有实现最佳时间点火，才能够更好的保护驾驶员和乘客。 最佳时间的确定在于当汽车发生碰撞的过程中，乘员向前移动接触到气囊，此时气囊刚好达到最大体积，这样的保护效果最好。如果点火慢了，则乘员在接触气囊的时候，气囊还在膨胀，这样会对乘员造成额外的伤害。如果点火快了，乘员在接触到气囊的时候气囊已经可以萎缩，则气囊不能对乘员的碰撞起到最好的缓冲作用，也就不能很好的起到对乘员的保护作用。图1 气囊示意图 第二个是气囊的可靠性问题，也就是对于急刹车、过路坎和其他非破坏性碰撞时引起的冲击信号的抗干扰。汽车在颠簸路面上行驶或以很低速度的碰撞产生的加速度信号可能会令气囊误触发，一个好的控制系统应该能够很好的识别这些信号，从而在汽车产生非破坏性碰撞时不会使气囊系统误打开。 第三个就是气囊控制技术的基本指标，包括避免以下情况：①气囊可能在很低的车速时打开。车辆在很低车速行驶而发生碰撞事故时，只要驾驶员和乘员系上了安全带，是不需要气囊打开起保护作用的。这时气囊的打开造成了不必要的浪费。②当乘客偏离座位或座位上无人，气囊系统的启动不仅起不到应有的保护作用，还可能对乘客造成一定伤害[1]。2 安全气囊点火控制的几种算法 1) 加速度法 该算法是通过测量汽车碰撞时的加速度（减速度），当加速度超过预先设定的阈值就弹出安全气囊。 2) 速度变量法 该算法是通过对汽车加速度进行积分从而得到加速度变化量，当加速度变化量超过预先设定的阈值时就弹出安全气囊。 3) 加速度坡度法 该方法是对加速度进行求导得到加速度的变化量作为判断是否点火的指标。 4) 移动窗积分算法[2] 对加速度曲线在一定时间内进行积分，当积分值超过预先设置的阈值时，就发出点火信号。 1 移动窗积分算法 下面具体介绍一下移动窗积分算法，选定以下几个观察量作为气囊点火的条件指标。①汽车碰撞时的水平方向加速度（或减速度）ax。ax是直接反映碰撞激烈程度的信号，而且ax在最佳点火时刻的选取中起关键作用。②汽车碰撞时垂直方向的加速度ay，气囊控制系统加入ay对非碰撞信号能起到很大的抗干扰作用，当汽车发生正向碰撞时，ay与ax有很大的不一致性[3]；而当汽车受到路面干扰，例如汽车与较高的台阶直接相撞时，ay与ax有很大的一致性[3]，可以由此来判别干扰信号。结合这几个量，得出一个判断气囊点火的最佳指标。 需要采样一个时间段（从碰撞开始）ax的值，根据这一系列的值才能判断碰撞的激烈程度 气囊点火控制算法应在发生碰撞后20～30ms内做出点火判断，因为气囊膨胀到最大需要时间大概为30ms[4]，在碰撞初速度为4km/h时，人体向前移动5inch到达接触气囊的时间大概为70ms，则目标点火时刻为70－30＝40ms，所以气囊打开应该在碰撞后的40ms时刻，所以算法必须在20～30ms内做出点火决定。这样可以采样碰撞后的20个加速度值（频率是1kHZ）作为算法的输入值。而对于垂直方向也可以如此采样。则可得两组值：ax(1)，ax(2)……ax(20)；ay(1)，ay(2)……ay(20) 移动窗算法中对ax的处理为（1）式： (1)图2 移动窗口算法示意图 其中t为当前时刻，w为时间窗宽度（采样时间宽度），对ax(t)进行积分，得到指标S(t，w)，当S(t，w)超过预先设定值时，则发出点火信号。 写成离散形式，如式(2)： (2) n为当前时间点，k为采样点数，f为采样频率。 加上垂直加速度之后，可以提高对路面干扰的抗干扰能力[3]，形式如式(3)： (3) S(n，k，ρ)为双向合成积分量，n，f，k如上定义；ρ为合成因数，表征两个方向加速度在合成算法中的权重。这种算法主要是考虑了汽车碰撞时的加速度因素，当加速度的积分达到一定值的时候，表示汽车的碰撞剧烈程度也到达一定值，会给乘员带来一定伤害。而且这种算法对于判断最佳点火时刻也是很有优势的，经过实验，利用这种算法得出的点火时刻离汽车碰撞的最佳点火时刻（利用摄像得出）仅差几毫秒[2]，符合要求的精度。 但是这种算法也有其不足，例如没有考虑碰撞时的速度以及座位上有没有人的因素，这样当汽车低速运行的时候，还是有可能引起误触发。如果将速度和座位上是否有人的信号引入，则可以进一步减少误触发的机会。2 利用数据融合提出的改进算法 由上面的叙述中我们可以知道，移动窗积分算法对于气囊弹出与否进行判断主要是根据积分量S，现在我们对积分量进行一些改造，可以克服上述缺点。具体做法如下，加入以下几个观察量：（1）汽车碰撞时的水平方向速度v，v可以反映汽车碰撞时乘客的受伤害程度。v越大，乘客的动能就越大，碰撞时受到的伤害就越大。v是判断气囊是否应该打开的最直接的指标。（2）坐位上是否有乘员的信号[5]。坐位上无人时，当发生碰撞则可以不弹出气囊，这样做可以减少误触发的几率，同时避免对其他乘员的伤害。 引入函数，这个函数的波形为：图3 函数波形图 当v超过30km/h的时候，y的值就大于1；反之就小于1。现在普遍采用的标准是，安全带配合使用的气袋引爆车速一般为：低于20km/h正面撞击固定壁时，不应点爆。而在大于35km/h碰撞时，必须点爆。在20km/h和35km/h之间属于可爆可不爆的范围。所以我们取v0＝30km/h为标准点，这样结合上面的移动窗积分算法，提出新的S1，则S1为： (4) 这样当v>v0时，汽车点火引爆的灵敏度就比原来大了；而v 你的论文准备往什么方向写，选题老师审核通过了没，有没有列个大纲让老师看一下写作方向？ 老师有没有和你说论文往哪个方向写比较好？写论文之前，一定要写个大纲，这样老师，好确定了框架，避免以后论文修改过程中出现大改的情况！！ 学校的格式要求、写作规范要注意，否则很可能发回来重新改，你要还有什么不明白或不懂可以问我，希望你能够顺利毕业，迈向新的人生。 （一）选题 毕业论文（设计）题目应符合本专业的培养目标和教学要求，具有综合性和创新性。本科生要根据自己的实际情况和专业特长，选择适当的论文题目，但所写论文要与本专业所学课程有关。 （二）查阅资料、列出论文提纲 题目选定后，要在指导教师指导下开展调研和进行实验，搜集、查阅有关资料，进行加工、提炼，然后列出详细的写作提纲。 （三）完成初稿 根据所列提纲，按指导教师的意见认真完成初稿。 （四）定稿 初稿须经指导教师审阅，并按其意见和要求进行修改，然后定稿。 一般毕业论文题目的选择最好不要太泛，越具体越好，而且老师希望学生能结合自己学过的知识对问题进行分析和解决。 不知道你是否确定了选题， 确定选题了接下来你需要根据选题去查阅前辈们的相关论文， 看看人家是怎么规划论文整体框架的； 其次就是需要自己动手收集资料了， 进而整理和分析资料得出自己的论文框架； 最后就是按照框架去组织论文了。 你如果需要什么参考资料和范文我可以提供给你。 还有什么不了解的可以直接问我，希望可以帮到你，祝写作过程顺利 毕业论文选题的方法: 一、尽快确定毕业论文的选题方向 在毕业论文工作布置后，每个人都应遵循选题的基本原则，在较短的时间内把选题的方向确定下来。从毕业论文题目的性质来看，基本上可以分为两大类:一类是社会主义现代化建设实践中提出的理论和实际问题;另一类是专业学科本身发展中存在的基本范畴和基本理论问题。大学生应根据自己的志趣和爱好，尽快从上述两大类中确定一个方向。 二、在初步调查研究的基础上选定毕业论文的具体题目在选题的方向确定以后，还要经过一定的调查和研究，来进一步确定选题的范围，以至最后选定具体题目。下面介绍两种常见的选题方法。 浏览捕捉法 :这种方法就是通过对占有的文献资料快速地、大量地阅读，在比较中来确定论文题目地方法。浏览，一般是在资料占有达到一定数量时集中一段时间进行，这样便于对资料作集中的比较和鉴别。浏览的目的是在咀嚼消化已有资料的过程中，提出问题，寻找自己的研究课题。这就需要对收集到的材料作一全面的阅读研究，主要的、次要的、不同角度的、不同观点的都应了解，不能看了一些资料，有了一点看法，就到此为止，急于动笔。也不能“先入为主”，以自己头脑中原有的观点或看了第一篇资料后得到的看法去决定取舍。而应冷静地、客观地对所有资料作认真的分析思考。在浩如烟海，内容丰富的资料中吸取营养，反复思考琢磨许多时候之后，必然会有所发现，这是搞科学研究的人时常会碰到的情形。 浏览捕捉法一般可按以下步骤进行: 第一步，广泛地浏览资料。在浏览中要注意勤作笔录，随时记下资料的纲目，记下资料中对自己影响最深刻的观点、论据、论证方法等，记下脑海中涌现的点滴体会。当然，手抄笔录并不等于有言必录，有文必录，而是要做细心的选择，有目的、有重点地摘录，当详则详，当略则略，一些相同的或类似的观点和材料则不必重复摘录，只需记下资料来源及页码就行，以避免浪费时间和精力。 第二步，是将阅读所得到的方方面面的内容，进行分类、排列、组合，从中寻找问题、发现问题，材料可按纲目分类，如分成: 系统介绍有关问题研究发展概况的资料; 对某一个问题研究情况的资料; 对同一问题几种不同观点的资料; 对某一问题研究最新的资料和成果等等。 第三步，将自己在研究中的体会与资料分别加以比较，找出哪些体会在资料中没有或部分没有;哪些体会虽然资料已有，但自己对此有不同看法;哪些体会和资料是基本一致的;哪些体会是在资料基础上的深化和发挥等等。经过几番深思熟虑的思考过程，就容易萌生自己的想法。把这种想法及时捕捉住，再作进一步的思考，选题的目标也就会渐渐明确起来。 Guide the future development of the concept of automotive vehicles Summary of high-tech popularization and application makes the pace of replacement automotive products faster and faster， also makes the Chinese automotive industry independent research and development level and technical level with the international on the growing gap in the development of the concept car is even more the difference between the very WTO accession for China car alarm sounded， but also tremendous opportunity， our government， as well as automotive companies must increase their research and automotive design input， to establish a positive right car design concept， the concept of extensive vehicle design Keywords concept car designed to develop science， technology and culture Technology start-ups PIONEERINGWITHSCIENCE & TECHNOLOGYMONTHLY The 21st century， in order to lead and performance of the new century， the development of future automotive trends， a number of international auto companies， one after another at the major auto show in the world to launch its own concept car and new There is， however， must be caused by a phenomenon we are concerned about: As a car big country， but few Chinese car makers to launch its own development and design concept Are one of the main reasons for China's automotive design concepts and methods， as well as the lack of research and development of concept cars do not pay enough It can be said that a self-designed and self-development capacity of the automobile industry， it is difficult to say that is a complete auto Thus we must intensify the study of automotive design and input， to establish a positive right car design concept， the concept of extensive vehicle 1 "concept car" is defined The so-called "concept cars" that have not yet begun to enter the market with a design unique and must advance the awareness of the new Its main characteristics are: it must give people are to consider that can guide the new concept It has just the design in general at the time， people's aesthetic ideas， the purchasing power and even the level of motor vehicle manufacturing industry is also Generally it will be it avant-garde design， innovative materials， bold use of a more perfect performance， the new car interior design indicates that the direction of development of the automobile Some of the world's largest car company every year to spend many human and material resources to design their own concept car， and in some large auto exposition on It can be said that with the continuous introduction of concept cars， the near future may occur on some concept cars have today， some features or functions of the But not necessarily a concept car will each eventually evolve into mass production cars to enter the market， the majority of concept cars are finally only a "concept" for people to discuss the 2 concept car， in reality the meaning of 1 concept car design and development of automotive products reflected the development trend of 1 the performance of the highest scientific level and the most sophisticated technology in concept car At the International Motor Show the previous， and the major automotive companies and the introduction of the concept of lot of cars， concept cars to remove these sleek， but also more integrated into a large number of high-tech and modern means of the introduction of the concept car to become Motor Company takes pride in the idea of the concept of automotive research and development are often accompanied by new technologies and the use of new materials with certain forward-looking， herald a new stage of development and the beginning for this reason that car companies the development of the concept car has invested great human and material resources， with its show car the company's strong momentum of Various high-tech applications， making car slowly evolved into information， communications， entertainment centers and the exchange of information with the outside world， the computer functions and Internet all-round involvement， in-car information and entertainment equipment， advanced navigation equipment， real-time traffic information function of the growing popularity of the inevitable demand of these high-tech automotive designers transcend time and space to establish a new value system， the emergence of various new technologies for the automotive design freely given to a wider Function of motor vehicles for further expansion and development of the concept car， the car gradually from the cold machinery into human information exchange platform， if the concept car has its own way of expressing their emotions with pregnant， anger， sadness and joy， such as facial expression make the concept car than in high volume production cars， become a new symbol of Concept Car Design of automotive products have greater and greater impact， it represents the development direction of the automobile industry and the basic idea of the automobile company design standards and a symbol of scientific and technological 2 human physiological needs and psychological needs of the largest Satisfied --- Automotive Engineering in the Ergonomics Ergonomics are 50 in the early 20th century with the rapid development of a new subject with the aim of research， design and engineering technology to solve the relationship between the human Car body design in ergonomics， it is to people (drivers and passengers) as the center， from the body's physiology， psychology， and exercise the human body， the research body design， layout and equipment in terms of how to adapt to people need to create a manipulation convenient， safe， reliable， beautiful and comfortable driving environment and take the environment， that is the best person to design a - vehicle - environment Automotive Design Human-Computer analysis of the first ministries to human size required for measurement， statistics and analysis， conducting interior layout design as a basis to determine the effective space vehicle， as well as parts， assemblies (seats， dashboard ， steering wheel， ) position and dimensions of the relationship between Through the study of human physiological structure， so that the seat design in full compliance with the requirements of human Based on the manipulation of human manipulation of the scope and power to determine the layout of the manipulator position and force size， so that when the human body to manipulate natural， rapid， accurate and lightweight， so as to reduce the degree of manipulation of Through the visual characteristics of the human eye， the effect of vision research， testing， checking driver information system， to ensure that drivers have access to proper driving Exercise in accordance with the characteristics of the human body to study the automobile collision on the human body， a reasonable protection， the right to determine the hinged point seat belts and binding on the human body to study the vibration of the impact on ride comfort， research on and get off at the convenience of passengers， and door openings in order to determine location and According to the body's physiological requirements， reasonable certainty that the air-conditioning system and Research on the psychological characteristics and requirements， to design a comfortable， beautiful， relaxed by the 3 virtual product development technology At present， a growing number of automotive design companies and manufacturing companies to start using virtual product development technology， using three-dimensional virtual reality 3D technology development concept Opel car using 3D virtual reality technology concept car design and Designers can experience floating in the air of a virtual image of car design and manufacturing， saving considerable development costs， and plans to be extended to its North American assembly plant to Britain's Rolls-Royce， Renault， France， Germany Audi， as well as Italy， Sweden and other auto plants are actively engaged in this virtual design and Over the past automotive research and development centers to develop new or modified are first shaped body sludge physical model， is extremely time-consuming Now automotive R & D， in particular the development of concept cars are increasingly seeking the shortest development If the introduction of virtual product development technologies， as long as the computer input data to construct a model figure model， in the laboratory can show an ideal vehicle images， as long as the engineers wear eyepiece， you can see clearly， there is such as a car in front of us true， after all the discussion of design engineers modifications， you can quickly design an ideal new Stereotypes， the computer can use the data， outsourcing trial and trial fitted the new parts and components， assembly achieve zero error， and the development of aging more rapidly than in the 4 the concept of green environment-friendly vehicles to the development trend of Since entering the 21st century， countries around the world have been produced about 5 billion vehicles， according to expert estimates that in 2010 global vehicle production will reach 75 People sigh at the rapid development of automobile industry， but also an increasing awareness of pollution from motor vehicles to harm human beings， so many countries of the vehicle to develop environmental protection measures and regulations to protect the environment for human survival， so automotive environmental protection the design of this new concept car design to be placed in a prominent position on the Improve energy efficiency， improved engine configurations， including electronically controlled fuel injection system， secondary air injection， thermal reactor， exhaust gas recirculation system， catalytic purification device， crankcase ventilation systems， fuel evaporation control The development of alternative fuels， research and development of new environmentally-friendly energy， including natural gas， liquefied petroleum gas， fast charging batteries， hybrid power， hydrogen In the automotive manufacturing process， use of green materials， green packaging， green manufacturing processes and equipment and equipment Green car recycling 2 Concept car indicates road traffic in the evolution of human behavior 1 Concept foretells the future of the way road traffic trends Along with the development of automobile， the vehicle status is also slowly change， now car in people's minds as a symbol， a symbol of wealth and the embodiment of a status， but the car as a way of the nature of road traffic has Concept car design is based on the nature of a car's innovative design Concept car at the design of the way through the daily life of mankind， human beings in road traffic in the use of methods such as behavior and ways of life all aspects of prediction and analysis， it is envisaged to solve the future in the way road traffic between the object harmonious Strong and high-speed in today's technology enables the development of means of transport have a much broader space for development， more and more high-tech continuously applied at a new At present many of the world's major auto companies have realized that the development of the next car is no longer the biggest obstacles are technical limitations， but limits the designers Now appearing in major auto show concept cars are generally two types: one is based on the latest available technology can achieve another kind of concept cars are those who put forward some innovative technology options but is still in the research phase of the concept Able to express their feelings such as car， truck can random shell replacement car， be able to easily change the driving mode of motor vehicles， be able to swim in the water of the amphibious vehicle， able to fly in space vehicles， be able to change Like from Toyota and Sony jointly developed by "POD" cars， will be able to through the car before the lights， mirrors， antenna， as well as the rear seat to the car owners to express their "" Like Volkswagen's Seat International Auto Show in the United States on the introduction of multi-functional concept car "Sal? Juancheng sa"， there are sports， comfort and three kinds of urban-type driving mode selection for 2 Concept of culture differences in performance The United States as a world leader in the auto industry， concept cars at the manufacturing are on the forefront in the At the United States because of cultural blending， collision， so the concept car embodies the greater the diversity of cultures; are also caused by a highly developed country commercial， commercial design and pragmatism prevailed， so the design is set up at a deep aesthetic Ethics on the real and solve practical With the American cars are in sharp contrast to the Japanese concept Japan as the world's output of the second car big country， its concept car many practical and imagination， technology is better than art， more concerned about solving technical problems， it can be said in Japan This is the premise of the concept of car design， each model is to solve one kinds of technical problems The Japanese car model to maintain a small， simple， style characteristics of the economy and harmonious relations between man-machine deal with the Japanese are reflected as a delicate oriental thinking and compromise approach to solve the The United States put the design of commercial operation as an important aspect， Japan put out of Products Designed to accelerate as a tool， Germany put Designed as a social and cultural foundation， while the French took the design as a designer of stage From various countries so the concept of car design in different styles， we can see different countries， different concepts， as well as their different cultural backgrounds 3 Concluding remarks The future of automotive design as the development of the inevitable progress of Automotive Technology with each passing day， many of the artistic style of the designer will make it even more widely and more strongly reflected in the car design， and give people a wider Under high-tech， and personality of the car more humane 21st century will be the necessity of the development of the automobile industry， because it is consistent with human culture， the pursuit of individuality and Therefore， the increase in automobile design concept of the attention and input， will be the development of China's automobile industry has played a great role in pushing References 1尹定邦 Introduction to Study Design [M] Hunan: Hunan Science and Technology Press， 1999 2张洪欣 Auto Design [M] Beijing: Mechanical Industry Press， 1997 3 Tang Jia-Ti， Han Xiao Jian had --- Product conceptual design theory， methods and techniques [M] Beijing: Mechanical Industry Press， 2002 Cars in America(美国的汽车)Cars in AmericaCars are an important part of lifein the United S The car made the UnitedStatesanationon Andit helped to make the United States what it is There are three main reasons why the car became so popular in the United S First of all the country is a huge one and Americans like to move around in The cars provide the most comfortable and cheapest form of The second reason that cars are popular is the fact that the United States never really developed an efficient and inexpensive form of public Long-distance trains have never been as common in the United States as they are in other parts of the Nowadays there is a good system of air service provided by But it is too expensive to be used The third reason is the most important one， The American spirit of independence is what really made cars Americans don't like to wait for a bus， or a train or even a They don't like to have to follow an exact And the freedom a car gives them is what Americans want most to The decrease of gas supplies has caused a big problem for A But the answer will not be a bigger system of public The real solution will have to be a new kind of car， one that does not use so much 美国的汽车汽车是美国生活的重要组成部分。汽车使得美国成为轮子上的国家，它也帮助美国成为现在的样子。汽车在美国如此盛行有三个主要原因。首先这个国家地域辽阔，而美国人喜欢在其间来回走动。汽车提供了最舒适最便宜的交通方式。汽车如此盛行的第二个原因是美国从未真正发展过有效廉价的公共交通这一事实。美国的长途火车从未像世界上其它地方那么普及。如今飞机提供了空中服务的良好体系。但是飞机太贵了，不能频繁使用。而第三个原因是最为重要的。美国人的独立精神是使得汽车盛行的真正原因。美国人不喜欢等公共汽车、火车甚至飞机。他们不喜欢必须遵循精确的时间表。汽车给予他们的自由正是美国人最想得到的。汽油供给的减少已经给美国人带来了巨大的问题。但答案不是发展更大型的公交体系。真正的解决方式必须是一种新型的汽车，那种不需要使用很多燃料的汽车。Car PollutionEach year there is an increasing number of cars on the roads as millions of new cars are One out of six Americans works at making cars， driving trucks， building roads or filling up Americans couldn't live without cars!Most Americans would find it hard to imagine life without a However， some have realized the serious problem of air pollution caused by The polluted air becomes poisonous and dangerous to One way to get rid of the polluted air is to make a car without But to build a clean car is easier said than Progress in this field is Another way is to replace car engines with something Inventors are now working on steam cars as well as electric Many makers believe that it will take years to develop a practical model for To prevent the world from being polluted by cars， we have to make some changes in our Americans， for example， have to cut down on the number of their total They are encouraged to use bicycles， which are thought to help keep the air But this change does not come A large number of workers may find themselves without jobs if a car factory cioses Thus the problem of air pollution would become less important than that of Although cars have led us to a better life， they have also brought us new 汽车污染上路的汽车数量逐年增长，同时，每年都会生产出几百万辆新车。在美国，每六个人中就有一个从事与汽车相关的工作：造车、开车、修路、加油等等。离开汽车，美国人无法生活!大部分美国人简直无法想象没有车的生活会是什么样子。但是一些人也已经意识到汽车造成的空气污染已成为严重的问题。被污染的空气具有毒性，并且危害健康。解决空气污染的方法之一就是制造无污染汽车。但是生产清洁汽车说来容易做来难。目前，这一领域的进展十分缓慢。另一个方法就是使用其他东西替代汽车发动机。发明家正在研制蒸汽汽车和电车。但是许多厂家认为我们可以使用的实用型汽车的诞生可能还需要几年时间。要想阻止全球化的汽车污染，我们需要对自己的生活方式做出适当的改变。例如，在美国，需要缩减汽车总量。鼓励人们使用有助空气清洁的自行车。但这种改变不能一蹴而就。一旦汽车工厂关闭，就会有大量工人失去工作。与失业相比，空气污染似乎就不再那么重要了。尽管汽车为我们带来了更加舒适的生活，同时，它也带来了新的问题。 Cars in America(美国的汽车)Cars in AmericaCars are an important part of lifein the United S The car made the UnitedStatesanationon Andit helped to make the United States what it is There are three main reasons why the car became so popular in the United S First of all the country is a huge one and Americans like to move around in The cars provide the most comfortable and cheapest form of The second reason that cars are popular is the fact that the United States never really developed an efficient and inexpensive form of public Long-distance trains have never been as common in the United States as they are in other parts of the Nowadays there is a good system of air service provided by But it is too expensive to be used The third reason is the most important one， The American spirit of independence is what really made cars Americans don't like to wait for a bus， or a train or even a They don't like to have to follow an exact And the freedom a car gives them is what Americans want most to The decrease of gas supplies has caused a big problem for A But the answer will not be a bigger system of public The real solution will have to be a new kind of car， one that does not use so much Electronic brakeforce distribution or EBD or EBFD is an automobile brake technology that automatically varies the amount of force applied to each of a vehicle's brakes， based on road conditions， speed， loading， Always coupled with anti-lock braking systems， EBD can apply more or less braking pressure to each wheel in order to maximize stopping power whilst maintaining vehicular [1][2] Typically， the front end carries the most weight and EBD distributes less braking pressure to the rear brakes so the rear brakes do not lock up and cause a [3]How ABS worksUnder heavy braking， vehicle wheels may lock- The anti-lock braking system (ABS) monitors wheel speeds and releases pressure on individual wheel brake lines， rapidly pulsing individual brakes to prevent lock- During heavy braking， preventing wheel lock-up helps the driver maintain steering Modern ABS has four individual brake lines for each wheel， enabling different braking pressure on different road For example， less braking pressure is needed to lock a wheel on ice than a wheel which on bare If the left wheels are on asphalt and the right wheels are on ice， during an emergency stop， ABS detects the right wheels about to lock and reduces braking force on the right wheels， helping to avoid lock-up and loss of vehicle How EBD worksAs per SAE technical paper #920646 - Buschmann et "The job of the EBD as a subsystem of the ABS system is to control the effective adhesion utilization by the rear The pressure of the rear wheels is approximated to the ideal brake force distribution in a partial braking To do so， the conventional brake design is modified in the direction of rear axle overbraking， and the components of the ABS are EBD reduces the strain on the hydraulic brake force proportioning valve in the EBD optimizes the brake design with regard to: adhesion utilization; driving stability; wear; temperature stress; and pedal "EBD may work in conjunction with ABS and Electronic Stability Control ("ESC") to minimize yaw accelerations during ESC compares steering wheel angle to vehicle turning rate using a yaw rate "Yaw" is the vehicle's rotation around its vertical center of gravity (turning left or right) If the yaw sensor detects more/less yaw than the steering wheel angle should create， the car is understeering or oversteering and ESC activates one of the front or rear brakes to rotate the car back into its intended For example， if a car is making a left turn and begins to understeer (the car plows forward to the outside of the turn) ESC activates the left rear brake， which will help turn the car The sensors are so sensitive， and the actuation is so quick that the system may correct direction before the driver ABS helps prevent wheel lock-up and EBD helps apply appropriate brake force to make ESC work 关于汽车方面的论文题目有哪些英文