工业设计论文题目翻译成英文怎么写

我一般用这个 title 希望采纳谢谢

Design concepts and conceptual design The concept of people or things on behalf of some of the characteristics of the development process and significance of the conclusions formed by Design concept is generated by the designer for the design thinking of the many emotional and refined into the thinking generated by summing up， so early in the design phase the designer must design the program to make thorough investigation and planning， analysis of a customer's specific program requirements and intent， and purpose of the intention of the program as a whole， geographical features， coupled with cultural content， such as the quality of designers have a unique way of thinking the idea of a series of design can in many thoughts and ideas on refining the design of the concept of the most A short conceptual design is the use of the design concept and its main line running through all of the design method of the design Conceptual design is a complete and comprehensive design process， it will be the designers of the concept through the design of complex and emotional moments of thinking up to a unified rational thinking in order to complete the If the concept of design is an article， then the design concept is the theme of this Conceptual design and to start focusing on the design concept and the design concept is related to all aspects of conceptual Second， the concept of design thinking process The key lies in the concept of design concept and application of two aspects， specifically， it includes the design of pre-planning preparation; technical and feasibility appraisal; thinking cultural significance; geographical characteristics of the study; customers and market research; space forms understanding; design concept and discussion; the expansion of the design concept; the concept of expression; conceptual design evaluation， and many other This shows the overall conceptual design is a wide range of design， the objective is to design constraints， market demand and the subjective initiative of the designer to a design theme of a unified Design concept First of all， to carry out program Program analysis， including analysis of the specific construction sites; building structure analysis; environment and illumination analysis; space several parts， such as functional For the design of commercial space for the analysis and conclusions of the location it is still important， such as McDonald's， KFC and other fast-food restaurants are the location of the larger flow in the city center commercial area， opened the door， windows and the direction of flow line will be is designed to focus And such as bars， tearooms， such as the relative need of the environment with the cultural atmosphere， as far as possible will have a quiet， elegant environment for the introduction of the indoor Analysis followed by the Customer analysis is aimed at understanding the customer's design requirements， for different customers different designs in order to reflect the design of targeting people-oriented Specific in terms of interior design at home， the number of family members， all ages， the owner of the occupation and habits， interests and hobbies are the analysis should be Body height and owners， state of health is guided in all aspects of ergonomic design， the analysis of customer design concept is an important aspect of Followed by market Similar to the existing design of the analysis often can be further profound thinking designers， which put forward the concept of a unique design of the space to create a unique image and decorative Cases which should have the analysis， the development of the market to forecast the spatial distribution of different designs and so on， in-depth market research will help designers to adjust the design thinking， deepen their understanding of the special understanding of the space After data Designed to gather relevant data for analysis helps the designer to design to today's understanding， as well as the special space ergonomic grasp the scale， so that the functionality of the design Finally， the positioning of the design concept and to After a few points in front of after-depth analysis， design， who must have some idea on the whole design and ideas， and these ideas are derived from the design of the perceptual object of thinking， then we would be able to follow an integrated， abstract， summary， summing up the way of thinking of these ideas to identify the inherent classification related to the positioning of the design， creating design As a result of our ideas are based on the program and thus to start on， so its design attributes must have a relative concept and uniqueness， it is designed to ensure that our innovative designs and unique Into the design and application of the concept of The design process is the use of the concept of rational design concepts will be given to the design process， which includes the design concept of the deductive， reasoning， divergent thinking process，， thus rendering the concept of an effective program in the design If the concept of design is the designer's sensibility come to the conclusion of thinking， then you need to use the concept of the concept of rational designers will design the divergence to a small part of From design concept inherent in the use of the general model should have the following aspects: First， the space forms of Space form and the initial phase of research in the conceptual design for the section in its division， is designed to consider the concept of use of part of the First of all， all space should be considered an integral part of the function of rationality， to be used in the list of analysis， comparison Legend analysis of space to think about the relationship between space， human traffic the size of the status of primary and secondary space， privacy of comparison， the relative movement of space research， This will help us in the layout of more effective and rational use of existing space to make room for the practicality of full Space followed by the conceptualization of flow lines， such as the design is the creation of a marine or underwater world to the concept of the feeling of its space will streamline the use of curves， arc， wave form of the main It is the expression of plant， machinery， application of the concept should be more than a straight line， broken line for the space In the spatial arrangement of this step， every effort should be made to the design and spatial expression of the concept of the rationality of the arrangements combine the space to find the best forms of

topic 最好，比较学术

香港理工大学主页是英文的，但页面右上角黑色部分由简体、繁体、English三种语言可供选择。若是想去香港理工大读书最好英语基础好，因为那边很多教师是国外教授，学校对教学语言要求，一般都是英语，平时学习中做项目和论文一般也要用英文，也有些课程是用粤语，所以，最好有良好的英文基础，不然很有可能学习会有困难。香港本地语言上比较常用的就是英语和粤语，很多香港人普通话不太好。php?lang=sc

工业设计论文题目翻译成英文怎么办

论文翻译可以找北京译顶科技，我上周就是在这家翻译的。

应该意思就是你的毕业论文需要两个版本，一个英语的一个中文的，至于内容肯定是希望你能把整篇论文都翻出来，但是如果你实在不会翻译的话，只要需要把提要和每章的要点给翻译出来，就这个意思

你是中文的论文就还要把中文题目和摘要翻译成英文，一起交上去如果是英文的论文同理也要有一份中文的题目和摘要

你好， foreknown 下文从工业设计属性出发，讲到发展进程，立法权益保护还有产品设计的相关内容，字数有限，希望能多给你参考，期望能帮得上你。 Industrial design is an applied art whereby the aesthetics and usability of mass-produced products may be improved for marketability and The role of an Industrial Designer is to create and execute design solutions towards problems of form， usability， user ergonomics， engineering， marketing， brand development and The term "industrial design" is often attributed to the designer Joseph Claude Sinel in 1919 (although he himself denied it in later interviews) but the discipline predates that by at least a Its origins lay in the industrialization of consumer For instance the Deutscher Werkbund， founded in 1907 and a precursor to the Bauhaus， was a state-sponsored effort to integrate traditional crafts and industrial mass-production techniques， to put Germany on a competitive footing with England and the United S Definition of industrial design Water kettle designed by Peter Behrens in 1909 A Braun stereo Vox Phantom guitar， 1962General Industrial Designers are a cross between an engineer and an They study both function and form， and the connection between product and the They do not design the gears or motors that make machines move， or the circuits that control the movement， but they can affect technical aspects through usability design and form And usually， they partner with engineers and marketers， to identify and fulfill needs， wants and In Depth "Industrial Design (ID) is the professional service of creating and developing concepts and specifications that optimize the function， value and appearance of products and systems for the mutual benefit of both user and manufacturer" according to the IDSA (Industrial Designers Society of America) Design， itself， is often difficult to define to non-designers because the meaning accepted by the design community is not one made of Instead， the definition is created as a result of acquiring a critical framework for the analysis and creation of One of the many accepted (but intentionally unspecific) definitions of design originates from Carnegie Mellon's School of Design， "Design is the process of taking something from its existing state and moving it to a preferred " This applies to new artifacts， whose existing state is undefined and previously created artifacts， whose state stands to be According to the (Chartered Society of Designers) design is a force that delivers innovation that in turn has exploited Their design framework known as the Design Genetic Matrix (TM) determines a set of competences in 4 key genes that are identified to define the make up of designers and communicate to a wide audience what they Within these genes the designer demonstrates the core competences of a designer and specific competences determine the designer as an 'industrial designer' This is normally within the context of delivering innovation in the form of a three dimensional product that is produced in However the definition also extends to products that have been produced using an industrial According to the ICSID， (International Council of Societies of Industrial Design) "Design is a creative activity whose aim is to establish the multi-faceted qualities of objects， processes， services and their systems in whole life- Therefore， design is the central factor of innovative humanization of technologies and the crucial factor of cultural and economic " Process of design Although the process of design may be considered 'creative'， many analytical processes also take In fact， many industrial designers often use various design methodologies in their creative Some of the processes that are commonly used are user research， sketching， comparative product research， model making， prototyping and These processes can be chronological， or as best defined by the designers and/or other team Industrial Designers often utilize 3D software， Computer-aided industrial design and CAD programs to move from concept to Product characteristics specified by the industrial designer may include the overall form of the object， the location of details with respect to one another， colors， texture， sounds， and aspects concerning the use of the product Additionally the industrial designer may specify aspects concerning the production process， choice of materials and the way the product is presented to the consumer at the point of The use of industrial designers in a product development process may lead to added values by improved usability， lowered production costs and more appealing However， some classic industrial designs are considered as much works of art as works of engineering: the iPod， the Jeep， the Fender Stratocaster， the Coke bottle， and the VW Beetle are frequently-cited Industrial design also has a focus on technical concepts， products and In addition to considering aesthetics， usability， and ergonomics， it can also encompass the engineering of objects， usefulness as well as usability， market placement， and other concerns such as seduction， psychology， desire， and the emotional attachment of the user to the These values and accompanying aspects on which industrial design is based can vary， both between different schools of thought and among practicing Product design and industrial design can overlap into the fields of user interface design， information design and interaction Various schools of industrial design and/or product design may specialize in one of these aspects， ranging from pure art colleges (product styling) to mixed programs of engineering and design， to related disciplines like exhibit design and interior design， to schools where aesthetic design is almost completely subordinated to concerns of function and ergonomics of use (the so-called functionalist school）。 Industrial design rights Industrial design rights are intellectual property rights that protect the visual design of objects that are not purely An industrial design consists of the creation of a shape， configuration or composition of pattern or color， or combination of pattern and color in three dimensional form containing aesthetic An industrial design can be a two- or three-dimensional pattern used to produce a product， industrial commodity or Under the Hague Agreement Concerning the International Deposit of Industrial Designs， a WIPO-administered treaty， a procedure for an international registration An applicant can file for a single international deposit with WIPO or with the national office in a country party to the The design will then be protected in as many member countries of the treaty as Design rights started in the United Kingdom in 1787 with the Designing and Printing of Linen Act and have expanded from Legislations India India's Design Act， 2000 was enacted to consolidate and amend the law relating to protection of design and to comply with the articles 25 and 26 of TRIPS The new act， (earlier Patent and Design Act， 1911 was repealed by this act) now defines "design" to mean only the features of shape， configuration， pattern， ornament， or composition of lines or colours applied to any articlewhether in two or three dimensional， or in both forms， by any industrial process or means， whether manualal or mechanical or chemical， separate or combimed， which in the finished article appeal to and are judged solely bt the eye; but does not include any mode or principle of Canada Canada's industrial design act affords ten years of protection to industrial designs that are registered; there is no protection if the design is not The Industrial Design Act (RS， I-8) defines "design" or "industrial design" to mean features of shape， configuration， pattern or ornament and any combination of those features that， in a finished article， appeal to and are judged solely by the During the existence of an exclusive right， no person can "make， import for the purpose of trade or business， or sell， rent， or offer or expose for sale or rent， any article in respect of which the design is " The rule also applies to kits and substantial differences are in reference to previously published United Kingdom In addition to the design protection available under Community designs， UK law provides its own national registered design right and an unregistered design The unregistered right， which exists automatically if the requirements are met can last for up to 15 The registered design right can last up to 25 years subject to the payment of maintenance fees。 United States US design patents last fourteen years from the date of grant and cover the ornamental aspects of utilitarian Objects that lack a use beyond that conferred by their appearance or the information they convey， may be covered by copyright -- a form of intellectual property of much longer duration that exists as soon as a qualifying work is In some circumstances， rights may also be acquired in trade dress， but trade dress protection is akin to trademark rights and requires that the design have source significance or "secondary " It is useful only to prevent source misrepresentations; trade dress protection cannot be used to prevent others from competing on the Product design Product design can be defined as the idea generation， concept development， testing and manufacturing or implementation of a physical object or Product Designers conceptualize and evaluate ideas， making them tangible through products in a more systematic The role of a product designer encompasses many characteristics of the marketing manager， product manager， industrial designer and design The term is sometimes confused with industrial design， which defines the field of a broader spectrum of design activities， such as service design， systems design， interaction design as well as product [citation needed] The role of the product designer combines art， science and technology to create tangible three-dimensional This evolving role has been facilitated by digital tools that allow designers to communicate， visualize and analyze ideas in a way that would have taken greater manpower in the Skills needed Product designers are equipped with the skills needed to bring products from conception to They should have the ability to manage design projects， and subcontract areas to other sectors of the design Aesthetics is considered important in Product Design but designers also deal with important aspects including technology， ergonomics， usability， stress analysis and materials As with most of the design fields the idea for the design of a product arises from a need and has a It follows a certain method and can sometimes be attributed to more complex factors such as association and Also used to describe a technically competent product designer or industrial designer is the term Industrial Design E The Cyclone vacuum cleaner inventor James Dyson for example could be considered to be in this category (see his autobiography Against The Odds， Pub Thomson 2002) Application Some companies or individuals have particularly strong feel for developing new products than In the modern world these include especially technological companies like iRobot， Google or N Many product designers are strategic assets to companies that need to maintain a competitive edge in

工业设计论文题目翻译英文怎么写

A Probe into the application of the way of thinking to engineering

Curriculum design， industrial design课程设计，工业设计

工业设计论文题目翻译英文怎么说

工业设计industrial design产品设计product design

工业设计（Industrial Design），简称（缩写）ID。指以工学、美学、经济学为基础对工业产品进行设计。工业设计分为产品设计、环境设计、传播设计、设计管理4类；包括造型设计、机械设计、电路设计、服装设计、环境规划、室内设计、建筑设计、UI设计、平面设计、包装设计、广告设计、动画设计、展示设计、网站设计等。工业设计又称工业产品设计学，工业设计涉及到心理学，社会学，美学，人机工程学，机械构造，摄影，色彩学等。工业发展和劳动分工所带来的工业设计，与其它艺术、生产活动、工艺制作等都有明显不同，它是各种学科、技术和审美观念的交叉产物。

土木工程毕业设计论文翻译成英文怎么写

A Thesis Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Degree of B A/B S in ***这是标准的学士学位毕业论文的说法，BA代表文学学士，BS代表理学学士，***处填上专业。

Architecture is energy-intense， the energy conservation of the building is the development of In developed countries， and suitable temperature has become a basic Xinjiang as northern China heating area belongs to the welfare heating in the 1990s， heating and before saving energy and economic benefits， user has not big building energy users In recent years， the important significance of energy-saving already gradually by architects in residential construction， how to design and make better use of natural energy， improve the residential building energy efficiency， it is the architect needs further 保证对

English is the Civil Engineering Civil Engineering， civil engineering is literally， it is the construction of the project It means building objects that the construction on the ground， underground， water works facilities， equipment and materials to use in surveying， design construction， maintenance， repair and other professional Civil Engineering with the progress of the human society， has been transformed into large integrated disciplines， it has a number of branches， such as : construction， rail projects， road projects， bridge projects， special project structure， water drainage works， the port project， water， environmental engineering A total of six professional Civil Engineering : architecture， urban planning， civil engineering， construction and environmental engineering equipment， water drainage works and road bridge Civil Engineering as an important foundation subjects， its important attribute : an integrated， social， practicality， Civil Engineering for the development of the national economy and improve the living standards of the people provided important material and technological foundation for the revitalization of many industries played a catalytic role in the construction of fixed assets is a basic production process， the construction and real estate in many countries and regions become a pillar of the economyAncient Civil Engineering has a long time span， roughly 500 years before Christ from the original date in civil engineering activities to the 16 century Italian Renaissance， resulting in the rapid development of the Civil Engineering on the road today， and has experienced more than 2，000 During this period， due to the development of scientific theories and slow， there is no breakthrough in civil engineering Century from 17 pages to 40 years in the 20th century end of the Second World War 300 years， foreign construction made great Civil Engineering has entered a phase of quantitative Some theoretical development， the emergence of new materials， new tools of invention， the Civil Engineering Science is perfection and In modern times， after the end of World War II， many countries economic takeoff， the increasing advances of modern science， so as to provide a powerful impetus to further development and material People's living conditions continue to improve， more and more comfortable living environment for the inevitable in the circumstances， the construction of development directly to the Civil Engineering 土木工程的英文是Civil Engineering ，直译是民用工程，它是建造各种工程的统称。它既指建设的对象，即建造在地上，地下，水中的工程设施，也指应用的材料设备和进行的勘测，设计施工，保养，维修等专业技术。土木工程随着人类社会的进步而发展，至今已经演变成为大型综合性的学科，它已经出许多分支，如：建筑工程，铁路工程，道路工程，桥梁工程，特种工程结构，给水排水工程，港口工程，水利工程，环境工程等学科。土木工程共有六个专业：建筑学，城市规划，土木工程，建筑环境与设备工程，给水排水工程和道路桥梁工程。土木工程作为一个重要的基础学科，有其重要的属性：综合性，社会性，实践性，统一性。土木工程为国民经济的发展和人民生活的改善提供了重要的物质技术基础，对众多产业的振兴发挥了促进作用，工程建设是形成固定资产的基本生产过程，因此，建筑业和房地产成为许多国家和地区的经济支柱之一。古代的土木工程有很长的时间跨度，大致从公元前500年新石器时代出现原始的土木工程活动到16世纪末意大利的文艺复兴，导致土木工程走上迅速发展的道路为止，前后经历了两千多年。在这段时间内，由于科学理论发展及其缓慢，土木工程也没有突破习惯的发展。从17世纪中页开始到20 世纪40年代第二次世界大战结束为止的300年间，国外的建筑取得了长足的进步。土木工程进入了定量分析阶段。一些理论的发展，新材料的出现，新工具的发明，都使土木工程科学日渐完善和成熟。到了近代，二战结束之后，许多国家经济起飞，现代科学日益进步，从而为进一步发展提供了强大的动力和物质基础。人们生活水平的不断提高，必然要求越来越舒适的居住环境，在这种情况下，建筑的发展直接推动了土木工程的发展。总的来说土木工程是一门古老的学科，它已经取得了巨大的成就，未来的土木工程将在人们的生活中占据更重要的地位。地球环境的日益恶化，人口的不断增加，人们为了争取生存，为了争取更舒适的生存环境，必将更加重视土木工程。在不久的将来，一些重大项目将会陆续兴建，插入云霄的摩天大楼，横跨大样的桥梁，更加方便的交通将不是梦想。科技的发展，以及地球不断恶化的环境必将促使土木工程向太空和海洋发展，为人类提供更广阔的生存空间。近年来，工程材料主要是钢筋，混凝土，木材和砖材，在未来，传统材料将得到改观，一些全新的更加适合建筑的材料将问世，尤其是化学合成材料将推动建筑走向更高点。同时，设计方法的精确化，设计工作的自动化，信息和智能话技术的全面引入，将会是人们有一个更加舒适的居住环境。一句话，理论的发展，新材料的出现，计算机的应用，高新技术的引入等都将使土木工程有一个新的飞跃

“毕业论文”用英文是dissertation dissertation[ˌdɪsəˈteɪʃn] 专题论文，学位论文；学术演讲毕业论文；博士论文；论文；学位论文例句：He was involved in writing his doctoral 他在聚精会神地写他的博士论文 I have not yet footnoted my 我还没有给我的论文加上脚注 I'm working my notes up into a 我正在把我的笔记修改成论文