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就用ppt自带的模版越素越好推荐蓝底白字或白底黑字字都加粗在ppt中不要出现句子顶多是词组大概15页左右第一页写题目作者导师第二页写 outline 讲的时候注意介绍各部分的逻辑关系第三页写 literature review 或者叫 theoretical basis 几句话带过就行这个不重要第四页开始写主体部分多用表格最后是conclusion 要写limitations 答辩一般是十到十五分钟千万别超时

在acm图书馆（ACM电子图书馆）找到想要的文献在这里插入图片描述（我使用作者+年限限定的方式找到了文章）2、复制文献对应编号（蓝色所示）粘贴到文献小站（文献小站）在这里插入图片描述3、下载，搞定在这里插入图片描述打开CSDN APP，看更多技术内容ACM集训队论文合集_lhfl911的博客_acm集训队论文2021距离ACM/ICPC的时间越来越少了,选择性地看一些集训队论文是很有必要的。 (在此给已经看过所有论文的神牛跪了= =) 所以,我在此整理了一下,供大家参考。组合数学计数与统计 2001 - 符文杰:《Pólya原理及其应用》 2003 - 许智磊...继续访问...会议和期刊论文的下载方法_zffustb的博客_aaai论文下载在以下的网站上选择需要下载的年份的会议。 WWW Conference - Proceedings ()在2022年时,5月6日时可以从该网站上下载WWW 2022的论文了。 ACM MM 在bing国际版上搜索[year] ac...继续访问ACM经典论文，这是acm经典论文集。acm常用算法，这是acm经典论文集。里面主要是2009年的国家集训队的acm培训资料。最新发布学计算机不知道ACM数据库文献下载，那你就OUT了ACM数据库文献如何下载继续访问ACM最佳论文专业指导文档类资源-CSDN文库ACM会议模板,内含“”文件本资源参考网址: 解压本资源后,用WinEdt打开“”文件,直接点“PDFTeXify”即可编译... ACM国家集训队论文集...继续访问最新CCF A 类人工智能会议论文下载汇总 (含2022)_Phoenixtree_DongZha...ACMMM2021 :ACM Multimedia 2021 NeurIPS2021 :Accepted Papers 2020 年前部分 CCF A 类会议论文下载地址汇总 NeurIPS(1987-2020) :List of Proceedings ICML(2013-2020) :Proceedings of Machine Learning Research | The Proceedings of...继续访问ACM论文格式化下载「ACM Paper Formatted Download」-crx插件下载文件名称插入“一键下载”链接，这将把PDF保存为格式化的文件名。防爆 “140418_EA CHI'13_TuringRings-可嵌套的圆形” 而不是“” 支持语言:English如何免费下到IEEE ACM的论文(SCI-HUB的使用)记住这个网址 : (或者谷歌 sci-hub) 这是主页，看到 URL， PMID/DOI ，search string 在acm论文的地址粘贴在主页的search输出框，然后search查看pdf并下载继续访问ACM官方论文模板,英文投稿必备_acm英文论文格式-机器学习文档类...这是ACM给出的英文投稿模板,投稿必备。里面详细给出了章节、图片、表格、公式、数据、定理证明格式、引acm英文论文格式更多下载资源、学习资料请访问CSDN文库频道.继续访问如何免费下载英文论文_sa726663676的博客如何免费下载英文论文如何免费下到IEEEACM的论文(SCI-HUB的使用): SCI-Hub科研论文全文下载可用网址 - 自动更新:...继续访问查找和免费下载文献的方式汇总目录1 查找文献的网站（1）Google Scholar（2）Semantic Scholar（3）Springer LInk（4）IEEE Xplore（5）ACM Digital Library（6）计算机数据库DBLP（7）知网（8）百度学术（9）万方数据库2 免费下载文献的方法（1）SCI-HUB（2）登录校园网（3）谷歌搜索（4）百度学术本人是计算机专业，以下介绍的部分数据库是针对计算机和电子方向的，这几种常用的大众数据库一般足够使用，还有更过的小众的数据库就不一一介绍，如果想了解更多的通过校园继续访问ACM Digital Library访问及完整联动ZoteroThe ACM Digital Library（Association for Computing Machinery）创立于1947年，是全球历史最悠久和最大的计算机教育、科研机构。数据库收录了美国计算机协会的各种电子期刊、会议录、快报等文献的全文信息，还可以看到出版物信息。个人注册的账户不可以免费访问获取。尝试了几个第三方网站，也还凑合，最好的方式肯定是通过学校VPN的资源访问。所以一直是下载然后手动添加pdf，偶然发现，如下图，在pdf界面点击Zotero Connector插件，继续访问[转]如何免费下到IEEE ACM的论文(SCI-HUB的使用)记住这个网址 : (或者谷歌 sci-hub) 这是主页，看到 URL， PMID/DOI ，search string 在acm论文的地址粘贴在主页的search输出框，然后search查看pdf并下载参考 ...继续访问ACM文献citation批量下载ACM批量下载citation继续访问超详细的免费下载论文方法作为一名大四生必然逃不过论文的刁难，一般学校都是买了中国知网、万维网等版权，但是回到家的同学没有校园网可以用这些免费的网站。推荐网站： 2.谷歌学术（主要用于下载英文文献）知网虽然没有会员无法下载也无法在...继续访问acm程序参考文献参考本人上传一份acm程序参考文献，提供大家参考。。。国家集训队论文分类假期要将论文扫一遍。组合数学计数与统计 2001 - 符文杰：《Pólya原理及其应用》 2003 - 许智磊：《浅谈补集转化思想在统计问题中的应用》 2007 - 周冬：《生成树的计数及其应用》 2008 - 陈瑜希《Pólya计数法的应用》数位问题 2009 - 高逸涵《数位计数问题解法研究》 2009 - ...继续访问一篇ACM上的文章主要介绍了一种新型的DNS结构；ACM CCS 2017论文集 PART1ACM CCS 2017会议论文集 The ACM Conference on Computer and Communications Security (CCS) is the flagship annual conference of the Special Interest Group on Security, Audit and Control (SIGSAC) of the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM).热门推荐 ACM 下会议的最新Latex模板的使用方法和投稿注意事项ACM 下会议的最新Latex模板的使用方法和投稿注意事项 1. ACM 会议的最新Latex模板的使用方法解压从ACM会议指定官网下载的压缩包，一般使用sample-sigconf模板。新建一个文件夹将acmart-master中、、及samples文件夹下sigconf拷入，编译即可。报错是因为没有考入sample下的图片。另外。Texstudio的编译改为Xelatex继续访问多媒体领域顶会--ACM MM 2020 会议论文打包下载点击上方，选择星标或置顶，不定期资源大放送！阅读大概需要15分钟Follow小博主，每天更新前沿干货ACM International Conference on Multimedia ...继续访问如何免费下载论文？声明：博客里只提供正规方法。首先，一般检索论文的搞研发工作的学生或者学者，而一般学校和研究所都会购买IEEE Xplore、中国知网、百度文库等比较常用的数据库，所以一般情况下先去这三个地方搜。其中：IEEE用来检索大多数的英文文章（打开相对来说有个几秒延迟）；知网用来检索大部分的中文文章；百度文库里面有时候会有一些学生上传的毕业论文（大论文），一般不会去百度文库检索。其次，如果你在以上网站检索不...继续访问多媒体领域顶会，ACM MM 2020 会议论文下载ACM International Conference on Multimedia (ACM MM) 是多媒体领域顶会，研究内容覆盖图像、视频、音频、人机交互、社交媒体等，今年的ACM...继续访问acm论文下载写评论72619踩分享

万能的英语作文模板，可以让我们写作的速度加快。下面是我给大家整理的万能英语作文范文模板，供大家参阅!

开头部分：

How nice to hear from you again.

Let me tell you something about the activity.

I’m glad to have received your letter of .

I’m pleased to hear that you’re coming to China for a visit.

I’m writing to thank you for your help during my stay in America.

结尾部分：

With best wishes.

I’m looking forward to your reply.

I’d appreciate it if you could reply earlier.

1.正反观点式议论文模板

导入：

第1段：Recently we’ve had a discussion about whether we should...(导入话题)

Our opinions are divided on this topic.(观点有分歧)

正文：

第2段：Most of the students are in favour of it.(正方观点)

Here are the ...(列出2~3个赞成的理由)

第3段：However,the others are strongly against it.(反方观点)

Their reasons are as the first place...What’s more...In addition...(列出2~3个反对的理由)

结论：

第4段：Personally speaking,the advantages overweigh the disadvantages,for it will do us more harm than good,so I support it.(个人观点) オ

呼语及开场白部分：

Ladies and gentlemen,May I have your attention,please?I have an announcement to make.

正文部分：

All the teachers and students are required to attend it.

Please take your notebooks and make notes.

Please listen carefully and we’ll have a discussion in groups.

Please come on time and don’t be late.

结束语部分：

Please come and join in it.

Everybody is welcome to attend it.

I hope you’ll have a nice time here.

That’s you.

导入：

第1段：提出一种现象或某个决定作为议论的话题

As a student,I am strongly in favour of the decision.(亮明自己的观点是赞成还是反对)

The reasons for this may be listed as follows.(过渡句,承上启下)

正文：

第2段：First of all...Secondly...Besides...(列出2~3个赞成或反对的理由)

结论：

第3段：In conclusion,I believe that...(照应第1段,构成"总—分—总"结构)

4."How to"类议论文模板：

导入：

第1段：提出一种现象或某种困难作为议论的话题

正文：

第2段：Many ways can help to solve this serious problem,but the following may be most of all...Another way to solve the problem is ...Finally...(列出2~3个解决此类问题的办法)

结论：

第3段：These are not the best but the only two/ three measures we can it should be noted that we should take action to...(强调解决此类问题的根本方法)

导入：

第1段：Some people hold the opinion that A is superior to B in many that B is much would prefer A because I think A has more advantages.

正文：

第2段：There are many reasons why I prefer main reason is that ...Another reason is that...(赞同A的原因)

第3段:Of course,B also has advantages to some extent...(列出1~2个B的优势)

结论：

第4段:But if all these factors are considered,A is much better than what has been discussed above,we may finally draw the conclusion that ...(得出结论) オ

The chart gives us an overall picture of the 图表主题.

The first thing we notice is that 图表最大特点 .

This means that as (进一步说明).

We can see from the statistics given that 图表细节一 .

After 动词-ing 细节一中的第一个变化,

the动词-ed+幅度+时间(紧跟着的变化) .

The figures also tell us that图表细节二 .

In the column,we can see that accounts for (进一步描述).

Judging from these figures,we can draw the conclusion that (结论).

The reason for this,as far as I am concerned is that (给出原因).

It is high time that we (发出倡议).

图画类写作模板：

1.开头

Look at this picture./The picture shows that.../From this picture,we can see.../As is shown in the picture.../As is seen in the picture...

2.衔接句

As we all know,.../As is known to all,.../It is well known that.../In my opinion,.../As far as I am concerned,.../This sight reminds me of something in my daily life.

3.结尾句

In conclusion.../In brief.../On the whole.../In short.../In a word.../Generally speaking.../As has been stated..

Giving Life Meaning

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我之前也是找老半天，最后淘宝上很多整理好的集合包，店家冲量的价很低，关键是省事，可以看看。

网页链接

写论文的时候内容提要应把论文的主要观点提示出来，便于读者一看就能了解论文内容的要点。论文提要要求写得简明而又全面，不要罗哩罗嗦抓不住要点或者只是干巴巴的几条筋，缺乏说明观点的材料。内容提要可分为报道性提要和指示性提要。报道性提要，主要介绍研究的主要方法与成果以及成果分析等，对文章内容的提示较全面

点击下载：精美PPT各种风格模板（分类整理，持续更新）

收集整理：ppt模板高级感简约商务大学生答辩教师课件工作汇报总结素材模版

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幻灯片模板即已定义的幻灯片格式。PowerPoint和Word、Excel等应用软件一样，都是Microsoft公司推出的Office系列产品之一，主要用于设计制作广告宣传、产品演示的电子版幻灯片，制作的演示文稿可以通过计算机屏幕或者投影机播放；利用PowerPoint，不但可以创建演示文稿，还可以在互联网上召开面对面会议、远程会议或在Web上给观众展示演示文稿。随着办公自动化的普及，PowerPoint的应用越来越广。

简历|毕业论文|中国风简历PPT模板免费下载

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论文答辩的英语模板免费下载

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英语毕业论文答辩稿范文（精选8篇）

一段忙碌又充实的大学生活要即将结束，我们毕业前都要通过最后的`毕业论文，毕业论文是一种比较重要的检验学生学习成果的形式，快来参考毕业论文是怎么写的吧！下面是我帮大家整理的英语毕业论文答辩稿范文，希望对大家有所帮助。

Good morning, all appraises committee members. I am XXX and my supervisor is XXX.

With his constant encouragement and guidance, I have finished my paper.

Now it is the show time. I will present my efforts to you and welcome any correction.

The title of my paper is Comparative Study between English and Chinese idioms.

With the developing globalization, communication demand precise language.

Idioms are not a separate part of the language, we cannot omit. Studying the similarities and differences between English and Chinese idioms would be helpful to cross-cultural understanding and it’s also a good advance to our future if we can learn well.

For the above facts, I select the subject of “comparative study between English and Chinese idioms” as the title of my paper.

In the main part of this paper, I divide it four parts.

Part one presents general introduction to the basic concept and the studying purpose.

Part two presents overview of the Chinese and English idioms; it concludes similar origins and similar functions. Part three emphasize differences between English and Chinese idioms.

Through contrast analysis of well-known Chinese and English language, found the differences cultural discrepancy and the translation of animal words. Part four draws some conclusions that characteristics of English and Chinese idioms. And it is helpful to cross-culture .It’s necessary for a better understanding of international promotional communication. OK, that’s all. Thank you.

Good morning,Distinguished professors and teachers, ladies and gentlemen, thank you for attending the oral defense.

I am XX. First and foremost, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor, professorXX, for his intellectual guidance, invaluable instructions and comments on my thesis. It is with his valuable assistance that I have finally accomplished this topic is On the tragedy figures at historical turning points（Comparison of KongYiji and Rip Van ）The whole thesis consists of 6 parts. The first part will give a brief introduction of the negative, evasive and conservative attitudes of Kong and Rip as well as the topic s significance in the real society. And the second part is going to analyze the figures background to show the historical necessity of the tragedies. In the third part, the tragic heroes failing in the character according to their living environment will be further discussed and the fourth part is to talk about their different tendency of dispositions and behaviors in the society. Then the author will dig into the root causes of the tragedies in the fifth part, and sum up the whole paper to reveal the ideological weak points of the two countries separately in the last part.

Good afternoon, all appraiser committee members. I’m Zhang Da and my supervisor is Professor Zhang Jingcai. With her constant encouragement and guidance, I have finished my paper. Now, it is the show time. I will present my efforts to you and welcome any correction.

The title of my paper is On the Significance of Drama Method in the Improvement of English Learning in Chinese Rural Junior High School. I choose this as my topic due to the following reasons. First of all, I really want to be a teacher, so during the four years, I have read many books about how to become a good teacher. Secondly, when I was a freshman in the summer of 2008, I was chosen as a teaching assistant of the summer camp which was organized by the New Oriental English School in Shijiazhuang. In the summer camp, I rewrote a script of an English drama to be one of the programs of the open ceremony. It was very popular among those students. They thought it was very interesting. In 2010, I was practiced as an English teacher at Chenguantun Middle School in Qinhuangdao, I found that the students have little interest towards English learning, so I hoped I could help them. So I use the Drama Method as my teaching method. Almost all of the students were highly motivated by the interesting teaching method and they have made great progress in the exam one month later. So the research proved that the Drama Method can be used as an effective teaching method. For the above facts, I select the subject of On the Significance of Drama Method in the Improvement of English Learning in Chinese Rural Junior High School as the title of my paper. I hope by studying this topic we can find an effective teaching method to help all the students’ English learning in junior high school.

Next, it is an outline of my paper. In the main part of this paper, I divide it into five parts.

Part one presents an introduction to identify the major problem of junior high school students’ English learning problems

Part two overviews all relevant researches in drama application in teaching oral English.

Part three is the research design, the research hypothesis, the subjects of the research, the research methods and the research procedures are conducted.

Part four is the findings from research data. After analyzing the data with Excel 2007, pedagogical findings and implications are delivered before the conclusion of the thesis.

Part five draws some conclusions about the research. As what has been shown in the research, there are a lot of benefits from drama performance; the Drama Method can be used as an effective teaching method. In addition, there are some suggestions for forthcoming researches.

OK! That is all. Thank you! Please ask questions.

Good evening, all the appraiser committee members. I come from HUST, majoring in foreign linguistics and applied linguistics. With her sincere and intellectual guidance, for nearly one whole year's hard work, I have finished my paper. Finally, it is the show time. This evening I will present my efforts to you all and I gratefully welcome any correction.

The title of my paper is A Study of the Causes of the Gothic Style

in from a Feminist Perspective. I choose this as my topic due to the following reasons. Firstly, I am fond of literature works , especially gothic literature works. Secondly, I am quite familiar with this short story as this is one of the texts in our intensive teaching course and I have taught this text for more than 3 times . Last but not the least ,as a female , I am keen on the study of feminism. For the above facts, I select the subject of as the title of my paper.

I hope by studying this short story we can know more about American southern women in certain history and culture and more importantly help women in modern society get a deeper understanding about ourselves ,help us raise our independence and confidence and show more concern for our mental health.

Next , I will present it to you. Here is an outline of my presentation. They are literature review, gothic tradition , the gothic style in the story and the causes of the gothic style .

This paper consists of six parts. Part one presents an introduction to the author William Faulkner and by pointing out the purpose and significance of this study. Part two is literature review which introduces the relevant research about this novel at home and abroad and then points out the theoretical basis and methods. Part three gives a timeline of the gothic tradition in literature and explains the main characteristics of gothic works. Part four explains the three aspects of the gothic style in the novel，that is, the death theme, grotesque characters and mystic atmosphere. Part five then explains in detail the causes of the gothic style in this novel: patriarchal oppression, the myth of southern ladyhood and Emily’s attitude towards love. Finally, in the conclusion, the author summarizes the previous parts and emphasizes the significance of the argument of the thesis again.

Ok, that's all. Now you may raise your questions ! I am ready! Thank you !!!

I will present my efforts to you and welcome any title of my paper is on transformation of parts of speech in translation. i choose this as my topic due to the following reasons. different languages have different standards to distinguish parts of speech. each language has its own special structure. and there are no equivalent parts of speech between different languages. in order to make the target version more idiomatic and standard, the transformation of parts of speech is always used by translators. so the transformation of parts of speech is playing a more important role in english to chinese based on different characteristics of english and chinese. for the above facts, i select the subject of“on transformation of parts of speech”as the title of my hope by studying this topic we can know the importance of the transformation of parts of speech in english to chinese translation. through transformation, we can get the better version and improve the translation way of thinking and expressing is quite different between chinese and english. english is a kind of static languages which tends to use more nouns. while chinese is a dynamic one in which verbs are often when we make translation in english to chinese, we should know this point and shift the parts of , it is an outline of my paper. in the main part of this paper, i divide it into five one presents an introduction to the basic concepts of parts of speech and two discusses the definition of translation and emphasizes the importance of transformation of parts of speech in the course of three gives four basic ways of transformation of parts of speech through illustrative examples. there are transformed english words into chinese verbs, nouns, adjectives and four presents some problems about transformation and gives some advise to solve the five draws some conclusions that transformation between parts of speech is necessary for us to achieve good translation. it is demonstrated that we can have a good master of transformation and improve the translation. in addition, we must continuously study and explore in all kinds of translation ! that is all. thank you!

Good morning,Distinguished professors and teachers, ladies and gentlemen, thank you for attending the oral defense. （或Welcome to attend the oral defense.） :I am XX. First and foremost, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor, professorXX, for his intellectual guidance, invaluable instructions and comments on my thesis. It is with his valuable assistance that I have finally accomplished this topic is On the tragedy figures at historical turning points（Comparison of KongYiji and Rip Van ）The whole thesis consists of 6 parts. The first part will give a brief introduction of the negative, evasive and conservative attitudes of Kong and Rip as well as the topic s significance in the real society. And the second part is going to analyze the figures background to show the historical necessity of the tragedies. In the third part, the tragic heroes failing in the character according to their living environment will be further discussed and the fourth part is to talk about their different tendency of dispositions and behaviors in the society. Then the author will dig into the root causes of the tragedies in the fifth part, and sum up the whole paper to reveal the ideological weak points of the two countries separately in the last part.

stant encouragement and guidance, I have finished my paper. Now, it's show time. You and I will work hard to welcome any topic of my thesis is 《Angela carter to mythology research - the female archetype in “new eve passion”, for example》。 I choose this as my topic due to the following Carter （1940-1992） is an outstanding feminist writer whose influence on Britishwomen's writing was “pivotal in this opening and transformation” [“23]. The year 2014 represents the 22”^ anniversary of Angela Carter's death. In those twenty-two years, her works have been widely taught internationally and brought about much critical debate. In a survey conducted by Cristina Bacchilega and Danielle M. Roemer [2],Carter is one of the most commonly taught women writers on North American programs. She has endowed us with an amazingly large number of legacies in her comparatively limited life, setting foot in various fields such as novels,short stories,children stories, dramas, non-fictions and so on. The acute observations with great insights,as well as the devastating wit and poignant mockery in Carter's works have made her stand out as an iconic figure in English literature. Many scholars and critics have devoted themselves to the research on Angela Carter from many perspectives,including gothic, magic realism, feminism,post-modernism and so on. As a prolific writer who is always ready to blur the boundaries between different genres, Carter has left us a wonderful world to delve the emergence of western women's movement as well as the development of feminist criticism in the 1960s,the feminist approach has become a potent weapon for those who are concerned with the emancipation and legal rights of women. Though women's social status has considerably improved due to the contribution made by countless predecessors,the fundamental problem still lingers on. Carter, with her versatile and avant-garde reputation, is best known as a feminist writer. Concerning the dilemmas and predicaments faced by women nowadays,it is very necessary for us to probe into her insightful and penetrating reflections on femininity as well as the relationship between two genders. The Passion of New Eve, as one of Carter's most representative works, is of great value in the research of her feminist thoughts and , is my paper outline. In the main part of this article, I put it into five one is an introduction to the thesis, covering the research background, theobjective and significance as well as the organization of the two presents a broad picture of Angela Carter's life and her works, as well as the background information about The Passion of New Eve. It also reviews previous studies on Angela Carter and her works at home and abroad, summarizing achievements in the past and pointing out new directions in the three conducts a retrospective study on feminism and archetypal criticism. The author attempts to work out the origin and development of feminism, demonstrating the important role feminism plays in Carter's life. Then is the history of archetypal criticism,as well as those classic female archetypes in mythology. Regarding those fossilized and monotonous images as impediments to women's freedom and liberation,Carter endeavors to shatter them in her demythologizing strategy and appeals for a rational attitude toward heterosexual four is the main body of the thesis. Through an in-depth analysis on The Passion of New Eve,it demonstrates Carter's demythologizing of “The Temptress,,,”Mother Goddess“and ”Eve“ respectively in the text. Leilah,the embodiment of Delilah,the famous temptress in the Bible,cannot escape the fate of being objectified by men and herself. By exposing”temptresses“ as mere victims rather than symbols of viciousness. Carter condemns the oppression and exploitation of women in a patriarchal society. ”Mother“ in Beulah serves as a severe satire on those mother goddesses in mythology. Carter smashes the legend by revealing the surgically-made essence of mother and the patriarchal values lurking behind her alleged matriarchal kingdom, warning against the peril and impracticality of extremist her most convincing example goes to Eve, the most important female character in the Bible, Her transformative journey from a chauvinist to a real woman in the story illustrates that gender, rather than a hereditary feature, is the result of social influence and unremitting imitations. Carter concludes the story with proposing ”androgyny“ as a solution to the current problems,implying that mutual respect and understanding is the only way to achieve the harmony between the two five comes to a general conclusion, summarizing the limitations of the theses as well as some suggestions for further ! That is all. Thank you!

Good morning, distinguished professors and teachers, thank you for attending the oral defense. I’m *** and come from class *. My supervisor is professor Li. I would like to express my deepest gratitude to Prof. his consistent guidance and valuable suggestions, I have finished my paper. Now I will present my efforts to you and gratefully welcome any suggestion.

Firstly, I am very interested in the study of ambiguity. Ambiguity is a common phenomenon in all natural languages. As is known to all, in our daily conversations, ambiguity is often employed to achieve the effect of humor, thus creating a relaxing atmosphere and letting people feel at ease. Some jokes caused by ambiguity is very interesting.

Secondly, I have read several articles about ambiguity written by linguistics and scholars. I found my knowledge of ambiguity is very limited, superficial and nonsystematic. What I knew is just the tip of the iceberg. So I plan to learn more about ambiguity by this research.

Thirdly, I found many scholars have carried out numerous studies of ambiguity, but a majority of these studies are focused on single language separately. Articles about comparison between English ambiguity and Chinese ambiguity are not sufficient. So it is necessary to make further study.

For the above facts, I select this title.

Next, I will present the outline of my thesis. It consists of 7 parts.

The first part gives a brief introduction to the ambiguity and structure of the thesis.

The second part is literature review, briefly introducing the development of study of ambiguity and some scholars’s main views.

The third to fifth parts focus on three types of ambiguity in English and Chinese: phonological ambiguity, lexical ambiguity, syntactic ambiguity. In every broad type, I respectively list some detailed branches and cite some vivid English and Chinese examples to explain these ambiguity phenomena. But I put more focus on the third part and point out two differences of ambiguity between English ambiguity and Chinese ambiguity.

The part six will point out positive results by using ambiguity deliberately in daily conversations, advertisements and literary works.

The last part is the conclusion.

I hope by this contrastive research, we will have a better understanding of ambiguity in English and Chinese and apply it to our life and study.

When reading the final draft, I still find my argument is not so comprehensive and improvements are needed. So welcome your precious suggestion.

That’s all. Thank you.

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EXCEL构建财务分析数据库 [2010-05-06 03:01] 【关键词】 EXCEL; 财务 - 【摘要】 EXCEL具备强大的数据分析工具和数据处理功能,基于EXCEL的财务分析数据库具有灵活、简便的特性,可以满足个性化、多层次、多维度的财务分析需求,从而弥补通用财务软件和管理信息系统财务分析功能薄弱的现状,提高财务分析的作用和效率。【关键词】 EXCEL; 财务分析; 数据库用友、金蝶等财务软件以及企事业其他信息系统的应用和普及,大大提高了中小企事业单位会计信息化程度,减轻了会计人员的负担,节约了财务成本。但实务工作者也发现,财务软件更偏重于会计账务的处理及标准财务报表的提供,而分析功能不足,未提供良好的分析工具,分析方法也不够灵活,其他信息系统更偏重于业务处理。这时就需要借助EXCEL等外部工具进行个性化的财务分析。一、财务分析数据库的构建用EXCEL建立财务分析数据库时,可以充分发挥其灵活性,从各个维度、各个层次对企事业单位数据进行分析。尽管EXCEL2007已经解除了以前版本只能处理65 536行数据的限制,但是也要考虑到数据库如果过于庞大,运行速度会降低。因此,建立数据库时如果数据库偏大,可以将数据库拆分成几个小的数据库。明确了数据库的构建目标后,就可以从不同地方收集财务分析数据。这些数据既可以从用友、金蝶等财务软件获取,也可以从企事业单位的其他信息系统导入,如医院的HIS系统、药品管理系统、材料进销存系统等等。导入的数据既可以是用友等财务软件整个科目数据,也可以是固定资产数据等等。财务软件和其他信息系统一般都有导出成EXCEL电子表格的功能,如果这些信息系统软件可以导出成分隔符区分的文本文件,也可以通过EXCEL中的分栏工具进行拆分。(一)基础数据字段整理在进行基础数据整理时,经常会用到这些函数:1.时期处理函数。如根据日期提取年、月、周的数据:YEAR(),MONTH(),WEEK()。2.字符处理函数。如提取字符串中的某一内容:LEFT(),MID(),RIGHT()。字符串联结:CONCATENATE()。3.数据格式转换函数。如将数字强制转换成文本:TEXT()。4.逻辑判断函数。如条件判断:IF()。信息提取:ISNA(),ISTEXT()。(二)数据的归类财务分析时经常会对数据进行分类,这时可以借助函数VLOOKUP()来实现。如对食品进行分类时,可以首先建立一张字典表,如表1。然后在数据库里面在目标单元格输入函数vlookup()并设置函数参数,再对整个字段进行填充,就可以根据字段食品名称获取其对应分类了。(三)数据库的定义数据收集整理完后,可以在EXCEL里形成一张表单(sheet),可将有数据的区域定义为一张表,并为之命名。本文以医院收入分析数据库为例,基础数据通过医院用友、HIS系统收集整理后,存放在一张名为“医疗收入”的表单内。这时先选择所有数据区域,点击右键,选择“命名单元格区域”,命名为如“数据表”。定义数据区域可以更方便地对数据库进行维护。建立的数据库如图1。二、财务数据的分析数据库建立好之后,就可以充分利用EXCEL的数据分析挖掘工具,灵活方便地对数据进行分析。下面介绍几种常用的分析方法。 (一)对比分析建立的数据库如果包含了一段时期的数据并进行归类后,可方便地 -二、财务数据的分析数据库建立好之后,就可以充分利用EXCEL的数据分析挖掘工具,灵活方便地对数据进行分析。下面介绍几种常用的分析方法。(一)对比分析建立的数据库如果包含了一段时期的数据并进行归类后,可方便地实现对比分析。这里面需要用到EXCEL的数据透视表工具,首先将光标定位到“数据表”,单击“插入数据透视表”,并根据需要选择报表筛选字段、行标签、列标签字段以及值字段。在作对比分析时,应该在列标签选择时间字段,并选择需要进行对比的时间段。透视表建立后,可以通过报表等字段筛选数据的范围,例如既可以看全院收入,也可关注某一个或几个科室的收入分析。同时,在邻近单元格建立公式对数据进行比较分析。建立的数据对比分析如图2。(二)趋势分析趋势分析也是财务分析中的一个常用方法,分析人员可以从数据变化趋势看出数据的长期变化趋势及季节趋势等。用EXCEL建立趋势分析时,也要建立数据透视表并选择要分析的字段。作趋势分析时,可以辅以图片更能直观地进行分析。将光标定位在数据透视表内,单击“插入折线图”或其他图形模板,并调整图形格式就可以制作出专业的图表。如图3。(三)结构分析结构分析可以看出数据之间的构成分析。在EXCEL里面作数据的结构分析时也可以通过建立数据透视表,选择要分析的数据字段进行分析。同时,还可以制作数据饼图等进行直观的观察分析。数据的结构分析如图4。三、财务分析数据库的维护与更新财务分析数据库建立完成后,可以根据个性需求灵活地对数据进行抽取和分析。同时,这个数据库也是可以动态更新的。更新数据库时,只需在数据表末端追加数据记录,数据库就会智能地将数据加入。当然,这个数据库也支持对以前数据记录进行修改,批量修改数据时可以使用EXCEL的批量替换功能;具备支持增加和删减字段的功能。修改数据库后,应确保增加的记录在数据表内可以通过扩大数据表区域来实现。同步更新数据透视表和数据图时,只需要在任意表内,单击“更新数据源”,则所有基于数据库的透视表和数据图都可以同步进行更新,操作非常方便。从上述研究可以看出,EXCEL具备灵活、简便而功能强大的数据分析和挖掘功能,而基于EXCEL数据库的维护和更新也非常简单,财务人员通过简单的操作,就可以从各个维度、范围对财务数据进行深入的分析。当然,EXCEL还具备更多的数据分析潜能,需要财务人员在工作中发挥主动性和创造力,从而提高财务分析的效率和作用。【参考文献】[1] 陈伟. 自动化财务信息处理系统的构建[J]. 财会月刊:理论版,2006(10).[2] 张瑞君,译.EXCEL在财务管理中的应用[M]. 中国人民大学出版社,2007.

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