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英文学术论文模板句

发布时间:2024-07-08 00:30:37

英文学术论文模板句

英语论文的格式

在个人成长的多个环节中,大家一定都接触过论文吧,论文是对某些学术问题进行研究的手段。写论文的注意事项有许多,你确定会写吗?下面是我帮大家整理的英语论文的格式,欢迎大家分享。

论文的'规格:正文长度 5,500—8,500 单词。

使用的语言:英语

论文分题目、引言、正文、参考文献、致谢等部分。

引文要注明出处。直接引用要加引号,间接引文要以转述的方式出现。然后以括号把引文来源写清楚:(作者名,年份,引文所在页码)

论文正文部分:

1、 题目大写,三号字,新时代罗马字,大写下面可写一个附标题,4号字;

2、 作者名,5号字,班级,学号

3、 指导教师名,5号字,职称

4、 摘要:用300词,5号字, 英文一页,中文一页

5、 关键词:不能用专有名词,词与词之间空四格(或一个tab键),不加标点符号

6、 正文:用5号字, 大部分标题用5号字黑体、小部分、小小部分。大部分用罗马字,小不分用一般数字符号:

引言:引入正题,不超过2段

7、 参考文献(bibliography):先英文,后中文

作者名,出版年月,文章名/书刊名,出版社,地点

9、致谢(acknowledgement)

五、 毕业论文质量标准

(一)选题恰当、与毕业生的知识水平与认识能力相当;

(二)内容丰富、资料翔实、论证充分有力;

(三)观点正确、逻辑性强、无违反国家大政方针的观点;

(四)叙述清楚、层次清晰而丰富;

(五)语言表达正确,无拼写错误、语言错误控制在20-25%00(万分之二十到二十五);

(六)用词、造句、谋篇、布局等方面无明显失误,修辞错误率控制在2%。

1.文章标题 英文标题一般在10个实词以内,最多不超过15个实词,避免使用非公知公用的缩略词,代号等.

2. 论文如有涉密问题或已在公开期刊上发表,请在篇首页地脚处注明.

3. 摘要 英文摘要一般为150-180个实词,中文摘要一般在300字以内,中英文摘要应基本一致.其内容应包括研究目的,方法,结果,结论等,禁用"本文","作者","This paper"等作主语.详见"科技期刊文章摘要的写作要求".

4. 关键词 每篇文章可选3~8个能反映文章主要内容的单词,词组或术语.英文关键词应与中文关键词相对应.

5中图分类号 请查《中国图书馆分类法》.

6. 正文 正文篇幅一般希望控制在成书5页(记空格,图表占位)以内.内容力求有创新,论证严谨,语句通顺,文字精炼.

7.文中正体,斜体,黑体字符的用法:

⑴斜体.变量名称用斜体单字母表示;下标若是由变量转化来的则用斜体;坐标轴(如x,y)和变量(如i,j)用斜体.

⑵正体.下标由文字转化来的说明性字符用正体;单位,词头用正体,如nm,pF等;几个特殊常量用正体,如e,i,π等.

⑶黑体.矩阵,矢量名称用黑体表示.

8.图形要求

图中所有线条,文字必须用黑色绘制;用线形或标识符区分;不得有背景;

图中线条须清晰,均匀,刻度线向内侧画,并且间隔应均匀;

图中坐标线粗磅,曲线宽度为坐标线宽度的3倍;

9.表格要求 表格采用三线表,表头中使用物理量符号/单位,如下例:

10.参考文献 来稿引用他人观点与材料,须将参考文献按正文中出现的先后次序列于文后,文中须在引用处右上角加注"「序号」".中文参考文献必须列出相应的英文,并在后面加注"(in Chinese)".引文作者姓名均为姓前名后,最多标3名,余下用"et al."代表.

著录格式为:(按不同析出物分类说明)

「连续出版物」 主要作者.题名「J」 .刊名,年,卷(期):起止页码.

「专著」 主要作者.书名「M」 .出版地(城市名):出版者,出版年.起止页码.

「译著」 主要作者.书名「M」 .译者.出版地(城市名):出版者,出版年.起止页码.

「论文集」 主要作者.题名「A」 .编者.论文集名「C」 .出版地(城市名):出版者,出版年.起止页码.

「会议论文」 主要作者.题名「Z」 .会议名称,会议召开地(城市名),召开年.

「学位论文」 作者.题名「D」 .所在城市:保存单位,年份.

「研究报告」 主要作者.题名「R」 .报告代码及编号(或:保存地点:责任单位),年份.

「报纸」 作者名.文章名「N」.报纸名,出版日期(版次).

「电子文献」 作者.题名「EB/OL」 .发表或更新日期/引用日期.

「专利」 申请者.专利名「P」 .专利国名:专利号,发布日期.

「技术标准」 技术标准代号,技术标准名称「S」 .

下面是关于学术论文英文摘要模板,希望对你们有帮助。

Abstract

Since Dewey developed the concept of “critical thinking”, many scholars abroadhave carried out a series of studies about improving students' critical thinking skills ineducation field. In the 1980s,critical thinking became the target of higher educationprograms in such foreign countries as the US and Canada. It has gained its widespreadattention in China only in recent years. But there are only few studies about it ineducation field. Our traditional English teaching method pays much attention to thetraining of students' linguistic knowledge and language skills but ignores thecultivation of students' critical thinking abilities. In the process of skill practice,teachers often stress the importance of memorizing vocabulary and imitating skillsrigidly,but neglect the students' abilities in analyzing problems and putting forwardinnovative solutions. Therefore, English writing teaching is affected by this andmerely attaches emphasis to train students' reading and writing skills. There are fewstudies which aim at systematically cultivating students' analysis, synthesis, summary,comparison and reasoning skills while they are writing. Therefore,this study aims atdesigning some writings tasks and teaching strategies which can be used to fostercollege students' critical thinking awareness and promote students' all-rounddevelopment.

According to six critical thinking skills,this study was carried out by requiringstudents to hand in an argumentation. All participants in this study are non-Englishmajor college freshmen from a 211 key university. The revised version of Rubric forQualitative Critical Thinking Skills Instrument was used in this study. Withquantitative and qualitative analysis,writing experiment is conducted within a wholesemester to collect data concerning students' learning behavior. Reading-to-write isused in experimental class while traditional method is adopted in control class. Thewriting scores by the experimental and control class were statistically processed bysoftware SPSS . And also the interview was launched in some of students inexperimental class to assess students' critical thinking abilities reflected in theirwritings-The final analysis indicated that EGAP writing model exerted a significantlypositive influence in improving students' critical thinking skills, especially in arousingstudents' writing enthusiasm and critical thinking awareness. Compared with controlclass, students in experimental class made big progress in writing competence. Inaddition, this study put forward some reform proposals to the teaching of Englishwriting. The study is of great value to instruct students to employ critical thinkingskills in their writing.

Abstract

A large body of research has been conducted on the effects of technology-enhancedEnglish vocabulary learning since the 1960s (Marty, 1981)。 However, no consensus hasbeen reached yet (Choo, Lin, & Pandian,2012; Mohsen & Balakumarohsen, 2011)。

Despite the fact that some narrative reviews have evaluated and explored thesecontradictory results, this study aims at quantifying the overall effectiveness oftechnology-enhanced English vocabulary learning with a different approach to review:meta-analysis and performing in-depth moderator analyses of learning method and testtype further.

Totally, twenty effect sizes from thirteen pieces of primary research are obtainedafter collecting related literature published or unpublished in recent ten years via fourchannels and selecting through three filters. Later, all the primary research is coded anddata are computed in random-effects model with software ComprehensiveMeta-Analysis.

Results show that: (1) Technology has a positively large effect on Englishvocabulary learning according to Cohen's standards as proposed in 1992 (g = 95% confidential interval of [, ])。 (2) Learning methods (intentional learning,incidental learning, and integrated learning) have impacts on the overall effectiveness.

Heterogeneity exists in the three learning methods (g = = 0,01 < ),Effectiveness of intentional learning, incidental learning and integrated learning is ^ =, g 二 , g = respectively. Incidental learning under technology-enhancedenvironment yields the largest effectiveness on English vocabulary learning. (3) Testtypes (recognition tests, recall tests,recognition + recall tests) also have impacts on theoverall effectiveness. The three test types are heterogeneous as well {Q = , p = < )。 Recognition tests, recall tests, and recognition + recall tests have effectsizes of and respectively. Technology-enhanced English vocabularylearning achieves the largest effectiveness in recognition tests.

Abstract

The present study, which is based on the Competing Values Framework (. CVF:a framework to identify the organizational effectiveness and to define organizationalculture), aims to investigate English teachers, teaching motivation at universities, theirperception of the organizational culture in the target university,their professionalaspiration and how they affect each other. The research questions to be addressed are asfollows: (1) How do the English teachers perceive the organizational culture at theirworkplace? (2) How much effort will the teachers pay for their professionalengagement and aspiration? (3) What kinds of motivation do the English teachers in thetarget university appear to have? (4) How will the organizational culture and theprevious experience affect teachers' motivation?

This study employed four different questionnaires as the research instruments,including one demographic questionnaire and three research questionnaires, . thedemographic questionnaire, the Organizational Culture Assessment Instrument (. theOCAI) (Cameron & Quinn, 1999),the Professional Engagement and CareerDevelopment Aspiration-scale (. the PECDA-scale) (Watt & Richardson, 2008b),andthe Work Tasks Motivation Scale for Teachers Teaching (. the WTMST) (Fernet et al.,2008),to investigate the above mentioned research questions. The whole investigationtook roughly 12 weeks and involved three stages: the preparation stage,the pilot study,and the main study.

The findings of the present study show that most of the teachers are intrinsicallymotivated and with identified regulation influenced by the performance culture and theclan culture which are the dominant culture types of the target research site. Results alsoindicate that the overseas experience and length of teaching experience affect teachers'perception of tixe organizational culture and motivation. The participants who haveoverseas experience tend to be more with the sense of professionalism, moreintrinsically motivated and be more confident with their competence in the academicarea; and the ones who have longer years of teaching experience are with moreidentified regulation and introjected motivation and are more committed and moreassured of staying in the education field. The participants in the target universitybasically belong to the highly engaged persisters,and the male teachers expect to be theleadership.

Abstract

Owing to the economic, social and academic needs as well as the advantages of EGAP(General Academic Purpose in Chinese College English) itself, there exist 这 great deal ofnecessity and feasibility for applying English for EGAP class. It is our understanding thatwriting plays an extremely important role in the course of EGAP and genre is a quiteinfluential factor in improving students5 writing competency. However,the investigation ofstudents' current writing situation shows that being deeply influenced by traditional writingteaching methods which emphasize grammar and vocabulary; the students have littleknowledge about genre approach theoretically or systematically and lack the awareness ofgenre. Because of this,it becomes necessary to put forward an English writing teachingapproach which is effective as well as applicable to the situation in China so as to enhancetheir writing competence.

This paper firstly gives a brief introduction to the developing trend of EGAP bydiscussing its necessity and applicability in China and the main views of two schools of genretheory, the tiieoretical foundation and genre-based approaches of three main schools of genrestudy and practice. And also,their characteristics are compared and the adaptability inChinese College EGAP class is analyzed, based on which it puts forward a modifiedGenre-based approach in EGAP writing class in order to enhance students' genre awarenessand improve their writing skills.

To achieve this, two non-English major classes of freshmen in East China University ofScience and Technology (ECUST) have been selected as the experimental class andcontrolled class, and the research lasts one semester. The Genre-based approach is applied inthe experimental class following a modified Genre-based approach. And a comparison hasbeen made on the same subject at the beginning and the end of the semester and thecomparison and contrast between the experimental class and controlled class have also beenmade. Owing to various factors,such as learning motivation, different students show variedextent of acceptance to certain teaching approaches. Therefore, emphasis has not only beenput on the overall changes,but also on the individual differences.

There are three hypotheses:

1. Can Genre-based approach enhance students' genre awareness? 2. Can “genreawareness” really improve students' writing ability in EGAP? If the students can get overallimprovement, is there any difference in gender and the students with diverse learningaptitudes because of the individual difference? If some students fail to improve, what's thepossible reason behind it? 3. Will Chinese students accept and adapt to Genre-basedApproach?

Three sets of data from six writing assignments, writing in final-term examination andquestionnaires are collected and analyzed with the help of the software SPSS . And thestudy indicates that: (1) Genre-based approach has a significant effect in sensitizing students'genre awareness, improving holistic writing competence; (2) during the whole experimentalprocess, girls have a stable superiority over boys, however, boys' improvement fluctuation iscomparatively obvious; (3) students of medium efficiency have the greatest potential to makebig improvement; (4) Unavoidably, in this research there are some students who fail to gainimprovement in terms of writing ability or get changed in terms of writing notions, andthrough analysis it has been found that the main objective reasons are: the difficulty ofwriting itself,the differences of culture and ways of thinking between east and west,thelimited teaching period, etc.; and subjective reasons mainly come from: the limitedcompetence of students themselves, the lack of interest in English writing, etc(5) aoverwhelming majority of students are liable to accept this approach and able to adapt to itpretty well, yet acceptation is not absolutely accompanied by adaptation; (6) feedback is adispensable part in English writing teaching, and more specific feedback will bring strongermotivation in students' self-correcting and developing;In the end,the author presents some limitations in her research and hopes that this cangive some hints and tips to further research in EFL writing classes.

Abstract

In college English listening & speaking classrooms, language and other semioticsystems cooperate together to help students construct meaning. It can be reflected inthe design of textbooks and the use of audios, videos and images, etc. Thus, in thisthesis, the theoretical foundation is the theory of multimodal discourse analysis (MDA)derived from Systemic Functional Linguistics and Social Semiotics. The essence ofMDA is that other semiotic resources such as: images, audios, etc. are as important aslanguage in the meaning-making system. Visual Grammar, Acoustical Grammar andthe integrated frameworks of MDA are the main analysis approaches in this thesis.

Meanwhile, the results of the teaching investigation and the MDA for textbooksare the practical foundation for the multimodal teaching design, providing feasibleand effective suggestions in this thesis. According to the results, it can be concludedthat students have more or less realized multimodality in this course and argue thatmultimodality should be used in moderation; multimodal classroom activities, socialcontent, etc. should be brought into the class; teachers should remind students to payattention to images, fonts change and other multimodal factors in textbooks.

Therefore, when conducting the multimodal teaching design, attention should bepaid to: (1) Modalities influence each other with clear priorities in this course. (2)Words modality and acoustical modality are the primary modalities, while othermodalities are just used as tools to provide supplementary information and to improveteaching efficiency. (3) The chosen modalities should provide supplementaryinformation to make the learning material more easily understood and help studentsconcentrate. Then, on the basis of the above principles and the writer's teachingexperience, a sample teaching design has been worked out, then its' feasibility andeffectiveness have been verified by an empirical study with the method of interview.

Abstract

Degree adverbs play a crucial role in daily language communication. However,owing to their wide varieties and similar meanings, it is hard for language learners toreally master their meanings and usages.

With the aid of AntConc and based on the corpora of FROWN (TheFreiburg-Brown Corpus of American English),FLOB (The Freiburg-LOB Corpus ofBritish English) and CLEC (Chinese Learner English Corpus), the study aims tocompare the actual use of common English degree adverbs in terms of semanticprosody between Chinese EFL learners and native English speakers. The researchprocedures consist of two steps. First, AntConc is launched to extractconcordance lines of the target node words in each corpus and the semantic featuresof the node words' collocates are analyzed; then, the semantic prosodies of these nodewords are summarized and comparisons are made between the two corpora.

The results indicate that there are differences as well as similarities betweennative English speakers and Chinese learners in their use of semantic prosody.

Chinese EFL learners tend to underuse the negative semantic prosodies of fairly,highly, and totally?,overuse the negative semantic prosodies of extremely; and misusethe semantic prosody of terribly. The results also show that some problems exist inChinese learners' use of semantic prosodies of degree adverbs, and the reasons mayinclude their first language transfer, intralingual transfer, and the lack of informationabout the semantic prosody in dictionaries and textbooks.

近年来,世界各国在 教育 、军事、经济、政治、文学等多个领域的交流越来越频繁,极大地促进了这些领域的进步和快速发展。下面是我为大家整理的英文学术论文,供大家参考。

摘要:英美文学中的文学批评存在多种不同的理论,不同理论学派所持有的观点也不尽相同,每个学派之间都有其丰富的理论基础,从多维的角度去进行主客观的文学批评,正是因为文学批评有着其自身科学性、审美性、公信力等方面的特点,能够包容多种批评学派的存在,对文学作品进行客观、科学的批评。

关键词:英美文学;文学批评

一、文学批评理论在英美文学教学中的意义

目前我国大多数院校都开设了相应的文学教育理论课程,而在关于英美文学的教学过程中,文学批评与文学教学是相辅相成的关系,文学批评可以从其独特的视角关注和解读英美文学作品,得到与众不同的观点,从而充分了解了整部英美文学作品的历史意义和内涵。文学批评也为英美文学教学提供了一把打开其大门的钥匙,让学生有机会从不同的角度,不同的观点、不同的思想关注英美文学,更好地促进了英美文学的发展。以文学批评基本理论为依据,应用到英美文学教学中,将有助于在学习作品过程中,避免传统的、印象式的解读,使学生通过对原著的充分解读,仔细品味原著中作者想要表达的观点,以及写作的手法,培养学生踏实阅读的学风,还能够让学生充分感受到文学的魅力,增强学习兴趣,提高学习成绩。

二、英美文学中文学批评的多方位表现形式

1.英美文学中新批评理论。

上世纪三四十年代开始出现以兰色姆()、威姆塞特()等为代表,形成了英美文学中的“新批评”理论。他们认为一切从作者的原始写作动机与作者的阅读感受为出发点所进行的文学批评都是“错误的谬论”,脱离了文学批评的初衷,将文学批评的对象进行了根本的转移,即转移到了文学作品对阅读者心理影响方面上,脱离了被批评对象的本身,从而沦为了单一的印象论。英美文学中的新批评理论认为单纯依靠阅读者的感觉,会使阅读者产生相对的“阅读错觉”——即带入阅读者已有的自我认知来干扰对作品进行正确的、客观的文学批评。新批评理论强调的是以尊重和细读原著为基础,对原著进行客观、公正的、不带有固有主观意识的文学批评,形成踏实阅读的风气。在高校英美文学教学过程中运用新批评理论,也就是说教师需要花更多的时间去钻研原著,提出更有价值的问题供学生进行课上探讨,这样才能赋予学生机会去利用新批评理论认识英美文学、了解英美文学、发现英美文学的精髓所在,主动地去学习英美文学。

2.英美文学中读者反应批评理论。

在整个英美文学历史发展过程中,从来不缺少批评的新声音和新形式的产生于与发展,斯坦利.费希(StanleyFish)就对新批评理论提出了挑战,他认为单纯的从作品本身进行分析而忽略了读者的作用,是对整个阅读过程的误解。“读者反应批评”强调原著作品对于读者的影响,读者在阅读原著后所起到的作用以及能够从中得到的感受为重点。读者反应批评理论以读者为重,从读者的角度来诠释“文学批评”的过程。作品需要“留白”,这些留白的地方正是读者阅读完作品之后进行的“自我想象”,是对作品新的解读和延展,得到一种“作者——作品——读者”三者之间的交流。但是这种理论由于强调的是读者的作用,而每位读者都是不同的个体,即便对同一文学作品,也有着不同的解读方式和看法。这是“读者反应批评理论”所面对的最大的难题。

三、英美文学作品中文学批评的特点

1.文学批评与多种学科紧密相连。

在英美文学中文学批评几乎是文学研究的 同义词 ,文学批评以文学鉴赏为基础,以文学理论为指导,对作家作品进行分析、研究、认识和评价,这一整个过程不单单是一种文学行为,更是与多种学科有着密切的联系,大部分的文学批评都运用了“心理学”“社会学”“哲学”等多种学科。尤其是文学批评中的“读者反应批评理论”充分运用了读者的阅读心理和阅读感受,来对文学作品进行文学批评,得到了相关作品的反馈。

2.英美文学中的文学批评具有审美性。

不论是以新批评理论为基础,还是以读者反应批评理论为基础,大部分的文学批评都具有审美性。这里的审美性指的是它以文学作品为基础,关注做作品所传达的艺术性和美学性,批评者需要按照美的规律,从文学作品的美学方向出发对原著进行审美性分析,作出审美判断和评价,使读者能够更好的理解和认识到作品,提升读者的审美情趣和阅读能力。

3.英美文学中的文学批评具有科学性。

任何形式的文学批评都不应该脱离科学发展的实际,正确的文学批评在批评者进行美学、艺术学批评的同时也要利用理性的 逻辑思维 方式,对文学作品进行客观的批评。批评者需要具备科学的创造性,用科学的研究 方法 、研究思维、研究理论对文学作品进行客观公正的批评,并且能够以客观事实为基础,查阅大量丰富的文学资料来对原著进行周密的、系统的分析和判断,不可参杂大量的个人主观思想、狭隘偏见,以对原著进行科学的文学批评。

四、结束语

英美文学中的文学批评存在多种不同的理论,不同理论学派所持有的观点也不尽相同,每个学派之间都有其丰富的理论基础,从多维的角度去进行主客观的文学批评,正是因为文学批评有着其自身科学性、审美性、公信力等方面的特点,能够包容多种批评学派的存在,对文学作品进行客观、科学的批评。文学又有着其特殊的地方,不同于其他客观事物,不能用一般规律去对它进行解读和分析,正是因为有了文学批评的存在,才能够在不同读者角度,不同理论支持下对英美文学作品进行深层次的分析和解读,探究作者想要表达的观点,了解原著作者的真实意图, 总结 归纳英美文学发展特点,以便更好地学习。

参考文献

1、英美文学课的困境与多媒体辅助教学刘仪华南通师范学院学报(哲学社会科学版)2000-10-3025

2、高校英语专业英美文学类课程教学现状调查鲁吉西安外国语学院学报2003-12-0124

摘要:随着时代的发展,我国高等教育需要培养人文素质与科学素质相结合的人才,以促进学生的全面发展.如果学生只注重科学知识而忽视其人文素质的培养,将会成为一个只拥有知识而没有智慧的人。

关键词:英美文学;英语教学

英美文学导入作为一种新的导入模式,可以拓宽大学英语的教学模式,符合《要求》中集多种教学模式的需要.另外,我国普通高校特别是理工科院校的学生大都是理科生,在高中阶段把注意力集中在数理化和生物的学习上,对英美文学知识的了解相对较少,《要求》中提出大学英语教学要提高学生的综合 文化 素养,在大学英语教学中有必要融入英美文学导入,使学生更多地了解英美文学知识和西方文化,这有助于提高学生的学习兴趣,培养其综合文化素养.目前,我国普通高校的大学英语教师在学习期间都学习过英美文学,其中一些教师在研究生阶段的研究方向就是英美文学.教师掌握丰富的英美文学知识,有能力在导入中融入该方面的知识.所以,从大学英语教学要求、学生的求知欲和教师能力几方面来看,英美文学导入融入大学英语教学具有一定的可行性.

受传统大学英语教学模式单一的影响,很多学生在学习过程中产生厌学感、疲惫感和焦虑感,影响学生学习的积极性和学习效率,而文学导入“可以减轻学习者的焦虑感,以利于语言习得”[2].英美文学导入可帮助学生摆脱传统大学英语教学模式单一的负面影响,对新时代的大学英语教学具有积极的促进作用.

1有助于提高学生的学习兴趣

著名科学家爱因斯坦曾说过:“兴趣是最好的老师”.当学生对一门学科感兴趣时,即使没有家长、教师的督促,学生也会对这一学科不断地探索和学习,从中获得学习这一学科的乐趣.目前,我国大多数学生从小学三年级开始 学习英语 ,到大学一年级基本学习了十年英语,多数学生已经对英语产生厌倦感.所以,让学生继续学习英语的最好办法就是不断提高他们对英语的兴趣.英美文学方面的知识在高中阶段接触得较少或只接触一些浅显的内容,在导入中加入英美文学内容会使学生们觉得很新颖,从而能集中注意力认真听老师讲解并提高学习兴趣.在《新视野大学英语》读写教程第一册第七单元“FacetoFacewithGuns”中有一个 句子 :Turingthosepa-gesandstudyingtheirphotographsislikeflowingonthesadcurrentthat,likeBlake’sThames,seemsto“markineveryface,marksofweakness,marksofwoe[3]”.这句话实际上引用了美国著名浪漫主义诗人威廉•布莱克的著作《伦敦》中的诗句,教师可以通过对浪漫主义时期的诗歌特点对《伦敦》进行分析,可以增强学生对诗歌的欣赏能力和对课文中句子的准确理解.《新视野大学英语》读写教程第二册第六单元中,SectionA部分的 文章 标题是“AsHisNameIs,SoIsHe!”,有的教师会根据文章标题从人名的角度进行导入,但如果从文学角度进行导入会更加激发学生们的兴趣.这个标题实际上出自《圣经》箴言第七章,原句是“Asamanthinkethinhisheart,soheis.”教师可以从《圣经》这个角度进行导入,学生基本都听说过《圣经》,但了解得不是很多,教师可以给学生们介绍《圣经》中伊甸园、诺亚方舟、出埃及记等著名的 故事 .另外,《圣经》不仅是__的经典,也是西方文学的源头,许多英美文学中的著名作品都与《圣经》有关.综合考察这些受《圣经》影响的文学作品,我们会发现,文学作品对圣经 典故 的运用非常灵活多样.就圣经典故的类型而言,就有语典、人典、事典、意象、结构模式、观念等诸多种类[4].霍桑的《红字》、梅尔维尔的《白鲸》、斯坦贝克的《愤怒的葡萄》和福克纳的《喧哗与骚动》等许多英美文学经典作品中的对白、典故和意象都源自《圣经》.通过从《圣经》角度进行导入,学生们可以了解《圣经》与文学作品之间千丝万缕的联系,并增加对英美文学和英语的学习兴趣.

2有助于学生了解西方文化

在阅读英美文学作品时,学生们可以从中了解更多的西方文化,在国际交流中可以避免不必要的文化冲突.《新视野大学英语》读写教程中出现了爱尔兰作家奥斯卡•王尔德、英国诗人威廉•华兹华斯、约翰•弥尔顿和美国作家大卫•梭罗,教师可以从他们的作品作为切入点进行导入,用这些作品帮助学生了解西方文化.教师也可从课文中出现的单词进行导入,《新视野大学英语》读写教程第三册第四单元中出现了colony这个单词,学生们看注释都知道它是“殖民地”的意思,教师可以从文学角度进行导入,欧洲的清教徒移民在北美先后建立十三块殖民地,美国文学深受清教主义的影响,清教主义对美国文学的影响就如儒家思想对中国文学的影响一样深远,历史学家巴斯认为,没有对美国清教思想的了解,就不可能理解美国社会[6].清教徒提倡的谦卑、诚实、勤奋、节俭以及在艰难环境下的乐观精神也对美国社会产生深远影响,清教主义奠定了美国民主并塑造了美国人民的性格,美国人的勤奋、节俭和乐观与清教主义是分不开的.同时,很多美国作家在创作中深受清教主义的影响,这些作家的作品文风简朴,语言清新、直接.所以,通过对清教主义的讲解,有助于学生从根源上了解美国人的性格,有助于对西方文化有更深层次的了解.

3有助于提高学生的人文素质

随着时代的发展,我国高等教育需要培养人文素质与科学素质相结合的人才,以促进学生的全面发展.如果学生只注重科学知识而忽视其人文素质的培养,将会成为一个只拥有知识而没有智慧的人.人文素质可以帮助学生形成正确的人生观、世界观和价值观,促进精神方面的修养.《新视野大学英语》读写教程第二册第七单元“LightenYourLoadandSaveYourLife”中出现了本•富兰克林,教师可以把富兰克林作为导入的对象.富兰克林不仅是政治家、科学家,还是著名的文学家,在他的《自传》中,富兰克林为自己规定了十三条需要培养的美德,包括节制、沉默寡言、生活秩序、决心、简朴、勤勉、诚恳、公正、适度、清洁、贞洁和谦虚等.这十三条美德对当今的大学生提高人文素质具有一定的积极作用,教师可以让学生以富兰克林为典范,在日常生活中以十三条美德要求自己.教师也可以让学生们对这些美德进行自由讨论,相互交流,并对目前社会中存在的不良现象进行评价,有助于提高学生的分析能力和社会责任感.所以,英美文学导入是新时期高等教育的重要组成部分,也是提高学生人文素质的重要手段.

我国高等院校,特别是理工科院校的非英语专业学生对英美文学知识了解得相对匮乏,同时大学英语教学的导入方法也比较单一.所以,教师在大学英语教学中利用英美文学知识进行导入,既可以解决课堂导入的单一问题,又可以增强学生的学习兴趣,增加学生对英美文学知识的了解,有助于他们了解西方文化并提高其人文素质,这符合我国高等教育培养全面人才的发展需要,满足21世纪对复合型人才的需求.

参考文献

1、英美电影文学的多媒体教学模式周震,丁文英外语电化教学2002-02-2026

2、独白与交往,何去何从?——浅论英美文学课程的教学吕洪灵;外语与外语教学2006-08-0126

英文学术论文范文相关文章:

1. 英语学术论文范文

2. 编辑视野下的英文学术论文写作论文

3. 学术论文英文题名和英文摘要的写作

4. 关于学术论文中文摘要英语翻译的思考论文

5. 研究生中英文学术论文写作课程的构建论文

知网英文论文模板句

英语论文格式、标准论文格式模板用CNKI中国知网免费入口整本下载英语论文范文的方法最新最全免费下载英语论文、毕业论文范文的方法【很实用】论文范文、毕业论文、开题报告范文不限量免费下载的方法通用论文范文的免费不限量下载方法【超实用】

英语论文格式模板

英文论文格式均以美国土木工程师协会出版社发布的标准格式为准。

英语论文用激光打印机打印,打印稿为黑白稿,彩色打印件会影响出版效果。 版心:a4纸,上、下页边距 cm,左、右页边距均为 mm。论文内容宽不得超过, 长不得超过。

字体和字号:正文,标题,作者联络信息和图表中的文字均为times new roman 12号字。可以跟据需要使用同类字体中的粗体,斜体。

行距:单倍行距。

页码:论文正文和文后所附图例都需添加页码。页码为阿拉伯数字,位于页面下方居中。

文体:文章应语法正确,技术用词准确。标题应该以最简洁的语言概括文章内容。如果标题较长,请采用title: subtitle的形式。

数学公式:文中的数学公式不得手写,必须打印。公式如果在文中多次被引用,应该编号。公式之间,公式和正文之间都应该空一行。 单位: 文中所用的度量衡单位应为国际单位。可在括号内,单位对应表中列出其他单位。有关国际单位的使用(standard practice for use of the international system of units)可以通过电话1-向asce索取。其他相关使用参考文献,如anmc metric editorial guide, 5th ed,1992 可向美国国家公制协会 索取(american national metric council, 1735n. lynn street, suite 950, arlington, va 22209-2022)

图表:

标题说明和图例:插入的图表应该以出现顺序编号(figure 1,figure 2,table 1,table 2)。图的说明和标题,包括图的序号应该位于图的下方。表的说明和标题,包括表的序号应该位于表格上方。

位置:图可以插入到正文中,或者集中放在文章最后。如果在正文中插入图,尽量放在页面的顶部或尾部。不要选择文字环绕图形的对齐方式,可选择上下环绕方式。

底纹:插图中不要选择带阴影或底纹,否则会影响印刷效果。

照片:如果文中需要附上照片,在文中出现照片的地方贴上其黑白光面冲洗照片,标题说明位于照片下方。照片将和正文一起缩印,请不要提供彩色照片,以免影响印刷效果。

扫描图:印刷后的扫描图不如原件清晰。如果文中有扫描图,请提供灰色色标扫描图。

作者联络信息:请用横线和正文隔开。联络信息可以为一位作者或所有作者的,包括以下内容:作者全名;所属学会;学历或授予的荣誉;所在单位;通讯地址和电子邮箱;电话和传真。

参考文献:所有参考文献为单倍行距,放在文章最后,按照第一作者姓氏的字母顺序排列。如有同一作者的两篇以上文献,按出版年代先后排列。正文中引用参考文献时,作者和出版年代应该放入括号内。由于上标缩印后会变小,难于辨认,正文中不使用上标标注参考文献。所列出的参考文献应当在正文中都有所引用,如果正文中没有引用,请将文献列入文章最后的附加信息(additional information)部分,或者相关材料(related materials)部分。

基本论文格式

论文一般由题名、作者、摘要、关键词、正文、参考文献和附录等部分组成,其中部分组成(例如附录)可有可无。论文各组成的'排序为:题名、作者、摘要、关键词、英文题名、英文摘要、英文关键词、正文、参考文献、附录和致谢。

1、毕业论文格式的写作顺序是:标题、作者班级、作者姓名、指导教师姓名、中文摘要及关键词、英文摘要及英文关键词、正文、参考文献。

2、毕业论文中附表的表头应写在表的上面,居中;论文附图的图题应写在图的下面,居中。按表、图、公式在论文中出现的先后顺序分别编号。

3、毕业论文中参考文献的书写格式严格按以下顺序:序号、作者姓名、书名(或文章名)、出版社(或期刊名)、出版或发表时间。

4、论文格式的字体:各类标题(包括参考文献标题)用粗宋体;作者姓名、指导教师姓名、摘要、关键词、图表名、参考文献内容用楷体;正文、图表、页眉、页脚中的文字用宋体;英文用TimesNewRoman字体。

5、论文格式的字号:论文题目用三号字体,居中;一级标题用四号字体;二级标题、三级标题用小四号字体;页眉、页脚用小五号字体;其它用五号字体;图、表名居中。

6、格式正文打印页码,下面居中。

7、论文打印纸张规格:A4210297毫米。

8、在文件选项下的页面设置选项中,字符数/行数选使用默认字符数;页边距设为上:3厘米;下:厘米;左:厘米;右:厘米;装订线:厘米;装订线位置:左侧;页眉:厘米;页脚厘米。

9、在格式选项下的段落设置选项中,缩进选0厘米,间距选0磅,行距选倍,特殊格式选(无),调整右缩进选项为空,根据页面设置确定行高格线选项为空。

10、页眉用小五号字体打印XX大学XX学院20XX级XX专业学年论文字样,并左对齐。

11、使用软件:MicrosoftWord2000以上版本。

文献注释

注释不同于参考文献。参考文献是作者写作论著时所参考的文献书目,集中列于文末。而注释则是作者对正文中某一内容作进一步解释或补充说明的文字,不要列入文末的参考文献,而要作为注释放在页下,用①②标识序号。注释中提到的论著保持通常格式,如:

①与正文部分空出两行;②按照文中的索引编号分别或合并注释;③注释采用五号黑体,注释内容汉语采用小五号宋体,英语采用Times New Roman 9号。

英语专业毕业论文其实格式和一般其它专业差不多,具体论文格式要以你学校提供的毕业论文模板为准,因为每个学校的论文格式多多少少都是不一样的,如果找不到合适的格式,可以百度下:普刊学术中心,也提供有很多论文格式模板和范文,可以多学习下

在Word里面有template的,theses就是了。

科技论文英语句型模板

1.正反观点式议论文模板导入:第1段:Recentlywe’vehadadiscussionaboutwhetherweshould...(导入话题)Ouropinionsaredividedonthistopic.(观点有分歧)正文:第2段:Mostofthestudentsareinfavourofit.(正方观点)...(列出2~3个赞成的理由)第3段:However,theothersarestronglyagainstit.(反方观点)’smore...Inaddition...(列出2~3个反对的理由)结论:第4段:Personallyspeaking,theadvantagesoverweighthedisadvantages,foritwilldousmoreharmthangood,soIsupportit.(个人观点)オ2.“A或者B”类议论文模板:导入:第1段:.正文:第2段:...(赞同A的原因)第3段:Ofcourse,Balsohasadvantagestosomeextent...(列出1~2个B的优势)结论:第4段:Butifallthesefactorsareconsidered,...(得出结论)オ3.观点论述类议论文模板:导入:第1段:提出一种现象或某个决定作为议论的话题Asastudent,Iamstronglyinfavourofthedecision.(亮明自己的观点是赞成还是反对)Thereasonsforthismaybelistedasfollows.(过渡句,承上启下)正文:第2段:Firstofall...Secondly...Besides...(列出2~3个赞成或反对的理由)结论:第3段:Inconclusion,Ibelievethat...(照应第1段,构成"总—分—总"结构)4."Howto"类议论文模板:导入:第1段:提出一种现象或某种困难作为议论的话题正文:第2段:Manywayscanhelptosolvethisseriousproblem,...(列出2~3个解决此类问题的办法)结论:第3段:Thesearenotthebestbuttheonlytwo/...(强调解决此类问题的根本方法)

英语学术论文例句

英语学术论文常用句型 Beginning 1. In this paper, we focus on the need for 2. This paper proceeds as follow. 3. The structure of the paper is as follows. 4. In this paper, we shall first briefly introduce fuzzy sets and related concepts 5. To begin with we will provide a brief background on the Introduction 1. This will be followed by a description of the fuzzy nature of the problem and a detailed presentation of how the required membership functions are defined. 2. Details on xx and xx are discussed in later sections. 3. In the next section, after a statement of the basic problem, various situations involving possibility knowledge are investigated: first, an entirely possibility model is proposed; then the cases of a fuzzy service time with stochastic arrivals and non fuzzy service rule is studied; lastly, fuzzy service rule are considered. Review 1. This review is followed by an introduction. 2. A brief summary of some of the relevant concepts in xxx and xxx is presented in Section 2. 3. In the next section, a brief review of the .... is given. 4. In the next section, a short review of ... is given with special regard to ... 5. Section 2 reviews relevant research related to xx. 6. Section briefly surveys the motivation for a methodology of action, while looks at the difficulties posed by the complexity of systems and outlines the need for development of possibility methods. Body 1. Section 1 defines the notion of robustness, and argues for its importance. 2. Section 1 devoted to the basic aspects of the FLC decision making logic. 3. Section 2 gives the background of the problem which includes xxx 4. Section 2 discusses some problems with and approaches to, natural language understanding. 5. Section 2 explains how flexibility which often ... can be expressed in terms of fuzzy time window 6. Section 3 discusses the aspects of fuzzy set theory that are used in the ... 7. Section 3 describes the system itself in a general way, including the ….. and also discusses how to evaluate system performance. 8. Section 3 describes a new measure of xx. 9. Section 3 demonstrates the use of fuzzy possibility theory in the analysis of xx. 10. Section 3 is a fine description of fuzzy formulation of human decision. 11. Section 3, is developed to the modeling and processing of fuzzy decision rules 12. The main idea of the FLC is described in Section 3 while Section 4 describes the xx strategies. 13. Section 3 and 4 show experimental studies for verifying the proposed model. 14. Section 4 discusses a previous fuzzy set based approach to cost variance investigation. 15. Section 4 gives a specific example of xxx. 16. Section 4 is the experimental study to make a fuzzy model of memory process. 17. Section 4 contains a discussion of the implication of the results of Section 2 and 3. 18. Section 4 applies this fuzzy measure to the analysis of xx and illustrate its use on experimental data. 19. Section 5 presents the primary results of the paper: a fuzzy set model .. 20. Section 5 contains some conclusions plus some ideas for further work. 21. Section 6 illustrates the model with an example. 22. Various ways of justification and the reasons for their choice are discussed very briefly in Section 2. 23. In Section 2 are presented the block diagram expression of a whole model of human DM system 24. In Section 2 we shall list a collection of basic assumptions which a ... scheme must satisfy. 25. In Section 2 of this paper, we present representation and uniqueness theorems for the fundamental measurement of fuzziness when the domain of discourse is order dense. 26. In Section 3, we describe the preliminary results of an empirical study currently in progress to verify the measurement model and to construct membership functions. 27. In Section 5 is analyzed the inference process through the two kinds of inference experiments...This Section 1. In this section, the characteristics and environment under which MRP is designed are described. 2. We will provide in this section basic terminologies and notations which are necessary for the understanding of subsequent Section 2. The next section describes the mathematics that goes into the computer implementation of such fuzzy logic statements. 3. However, it is cumbersome for this purpose and in practical applications the formulae were rearranged and simplified as discussed in the next section. 4. The three components will be described in the next two section, and an example of xx analysis of a computer information system will then illustrate their use. 5. We can interpret the results of Experiments I and II as in the following sections. 6. The next section summarizes the method in a from that is useful for arguments based on xx Summary 1. This paper concludes with a discussion of future research consideration in section 5. 2. Section 5 summarizes the results of this investigation. 3. Section 5 gives the conclusions and future directions of research. 4. Section 7 provides a summary and a discussion of some extensions of the paper. 5. Finally, conclusions and future work are summarized 6. The basic questions posed above are then discussed and conclusions are drawn. 7. Section 7 is the conclusion of the paper. Chapter 0. Abstract 1. A basic problem in the design of xx is presented by the choice of a xx rate for the measurement of experimental variables. 2. This paper examines a new measure of xx in xx based on fuzzy mathematics which overcomes the difficulties found in other xx measures. 3. This paper describes a system for the analysis of the xx. 4. The method involves the construction of xx from fuzzy relations. 5. The procedure is useful in analyzing how groups reach a decision. 6. The technique used is to employ a newly developed and versatile xx algorithm. 7. The usefulness of xx is also considered. 8. A brief methodology used in xx is discussed. 9. The analysis is useful in xx and xx problem. 10. A model is developed for a xx analysis using fuzzy matrices. 11. Algorithms to combine these estimates and produce a xx are presented and justified. 12. The use of the method is discussed and an example is given. 13. Results of an experimental applications of this xx analysis procedure are given to illustrate the proposed technique. 14. This paper analyses problems in 15. This paper outlines the functions carried out by ... 16. This paper includes an illustration of the ... 17. This paper provides an overview and information useful for approaching 18. Emphasis is placed on the construction of a criterion function by which the xx in achieving a hierarchical system of objectives are evaluated. 19. The main emphasis is placed on the problem of xx 20. Our proposed model is verified through experimental study. 21. The experimental results reveal interesting examples of fuzzy phases of: xx, xx 22. The compatibility of a project in terms of cost, and xx are likewise represented by linguistic variables. 23. A didactic example is included to illustrate the computational procedure Chapter 1. Introduction Time 1. Over the course of the past 30 years, .. has emerged form intuitive 2. Technological revolutions have recently hit the industrial world 3. The advent of ... systems for has had a significant impact on the 4. The development of ... is explored 5. During the past decade, the theory of fuzzy sets has developed in a variety of directions

学术论文 [词典] a thesis; a dissertation; a research paper; a scientific paper; [例句]她写了几篇关于木星和土星的重要学术论文。She wrote important studies of the planets Jupiter and saturn.

academic argument 纯理论的争论academic authority 学术权威academic books 学术书籍academic circles 学术界academic costumes 校服academic degree 学位academic discussion 学术讨论academic dress 学位服academic exchanges 学术交流academic freedom 学术自由academic institution 学术机构academic life 大学生活academic painter 学院派画家academic point 纯理论的观点academic qualifications 学术资格academic question 纯理论问题academic rank 学位academic record 学历academic report 学术报告academic research 学术研究academic standards 学术水平academic studies 学术研究academic subjects 学科academic thesis 学术论文academic title 学术职称academic verse 拘泥于格律的诗歌academic year 学年the academic community 学术界the academic world 学术界

论文模板句

首先,论文的标题是绝对必不可少的,论文的标题不能太短,内容实际上与论文的写作相似,没有必要写前缀,但是要清楚,论文必须是逻辑倾斜的,有序的,清楚的,它允许人们读他们写的东西。

是用来做什么呢?

课程论文格式要求论文题目 [宋体,小二号,加粗,居中,不宜超过20字]学号[黑体,小四号,居中] 姓名[楷体_GB2312,小四号,居中][空一行]摘要 [黑体,五号,加粗,缩进两个字]:本文介绍了……..的种类、现状、防治的办法等,对…………有意义。×××××××××××××××××××××××。 [摘要内容为宋体, 五号, 300汉字左右][空一行]关键词[黑体,五号,加粗,缩进两个字]:×××,×××, ×××[宋体, 五号,数量一般不超过6个。每一个关键词之间用逗号隔开,最后一个关键词后不用标点符号][空两行]目 录[黑体,小三号,居中][空一行]1□×××××××××××××××××××□…… ……………………………□1□□□×××××××××××××××××××□………………………………□1□□□□□××××××××××××××□□□□□××××××××××××□□□×××××××××××××□………………………………………………□72□××××××××××××××□……………………… …………………………11□□参考文献□……………………………………………………………40□□致谢□…………………………………………………………   …41[正文新起一页,小四,宋体]1. □××××××  □××××× □×××××× □ □⑴□××××××□ □①□××××××  2. □×××××× □××××××□××××××插图的格式 □□图3-2□□×××××× 图3-2表示第三部分的第二张图。每一图应有简短确切的题名,连同图号置于图下。图位置居中。[小五,中文用宋体,数字用Times New Roman,加粗,居中]               表的格式表2-5□□×××××× [小五,中文用宋体,数字用Times New Roman,加粗,居中]×××××× ××××× ×[宋体小五号,垂直居中,最小行距] …×× 0 ××× ×× ×××× × ××{表的编排,采用三线表(不能出现竖线,外侧两条为粗线,中间线为细线);一般是内容和测试项目由左至右横读,数据依序竖排。表应有自明性并采用阿拉伯数字编排序号(表2-5表示第二部分第五张表)。每一表应有简短确切的题名,连同表号置于表上。一张表格应为一个整体,表格一页排不下允许下页接写,表题可省略,表头应重复写,并在右上方写 “ 续表 ××” }参考文献格式A.正文中的参考文献格式:×××[3],×××××××××[3,6],××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××[3-6]。[5号Times New Roman,上标;[3]表示第三篇文献,[3,6]表示第三篇和第六篇文献,[3-6]表示第三,四,五,六篇连续的文献]B. 后面参考文献的格式:参考文献[宋体;五号;加粗;居中;段前段后各空一行][1]. 张毅. 铸造工艺CAD及其应用[M]. 北京: 机械工业出版社,1994: 14-15[2]. Huang S C, Huang Y M, Shieh S M. Vibration and stability of a rotating shaft containing a transerse crack [J]. J Sound and Vibration, 1993, 162(3): 387-401[3]. 陈金梅.氟石膏生产早强快硬水泥的试验研究[D].西安:西安建筑科学大学,2000{五号字体,中文为楷体_GB2312,英文和数字为Times New Roman,倍行距,左对齐。 (1)专著格式:[序号]. 编著者. 书名[M]. 版本(第1版不标注),出版地: 出版社,年代: 起止页码(2)期刊论文格式:[序号]. 作者(不超过3人者全部列出,超过者只列前3名,后加“等”或“et al”). 论文名称[J]. 期刊名称,年度,卷(期):起止页码(3)学位论文格式:[序号]. 作者. 学位论文名称[D]. 发表地:学位授予单位,年度}致谢的格式致□□谢[新起一页,宋体;四号;加粗;居中;中间空两格,段前段后各空一行]    ××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××。[宋体;五号;倍行距

无论是在学校还是在社会中,大家最不陌生的就是论文了吧,论文是进行各个学术领域研究和描述学术研究成果的一种说理文章。你知道论文怎样写才规范吗?以下是我整理的论文摘要模板,仅供参考,大家一起来看看吧。

一、什么是论文摘要?

1.论文摘要即“摘其要点而发”。

2.论文摘要是对论文内容不加注释和评论的简短陈述。

3.摘要又称概要、内容提要。摘要是以提供文献内容梗概为目的,不加评论和补充解释,简明、确切地记述文献重要内容的短文。

4.论文摘要就是论文内容提要,是在对论文进行总结的基础之上,用简单、明确、易懂、精辟的语言对全文内容加以概括,提取论文的主要信息。

6.内涵:短文

7.外延:陈述论文主要内容的简明、确切的,不加解释和评论的。

9.论文摘要是简明、确切、不加解释和评论地陈述论文主要内容的短文。

二、论文摘要起什么作用?

不阅读论文全文即能获得必要的信息。

1.读者尽快了解论文的主要内容,以补充题名的不足。现代科技文献信息浩如烟海,读者检索到论文题名后是否会阅读全文,主要就是通过阅读摘要来判断;所以,摘要担负着吸引读者和将文章的主要内容介绍给读者的任务。

2. 为科技情报文献检索数据库的建设和维护提供方便。论文发表后,文摘杂志或各种数据库对摘要可以直接利用,论文摘要的索引是读者检索文献的重要工具。所以论文摘要的质量高低,直接影响着论文的被检索率和被引频次。

三、论文摘要应包含那些内容?

摘要的内容应包含与论文同等量的主要信息,供读者确定有无必要阅读全文。

摘要的'四要素:

1.目的: 研究的目的、范围、重要性;

2.方法: 采用的手段和方法;

3.结果: 完成了哪些工作取得的数据和结果;

4.结论: 得出的重要结论及主要观点,论文的新见解。

(1)目的:指出研究的范围、目的、重要性、任务和前提条件,不是主题的简单重复。

(2)方法:简述课题的工作流程,研究了哪些主要内容,在这个过程中都做了哪些工作,包括对象、原理、条件、程序、手段等。

(3)结果:陈述研究之后重要的新发现、新成果及价值,包括通过调研、实验、观察并剖析其不理想的局限部分。

(4)结论:通过对这个课题的研究所得出的重要结论,包括从中取得证实的正确观点,进行分析研究,比较预测其在实际生活中运用的意义,理论与实际相结合的价值。

1、应该怎么写

文字:简明扼要:文字必须十分简练,内容需要充分概括;引起读者对文章的兴趣,使他们继续读。

2、不应该怎么写

不能冗长,少写无关的东西,语句不能含糊不清。论文摘要论文摘要不要列举例证,不讲研究过程,不用图表,不给化学结构式,也不要作自我评价。

1) 应排除本学科领域已成为常识的内容;切忌把应在引言中出现的内容写入摘要;一般也不要对论文内容作诠释和评论(尤其是自我评价)。

2) 不得简单重复题名中已有的信息。比如一篇文章的题名是《几种中国兰种子试管培养根状茎发生的研究》,摘要的开头就不要再写:“为了……,对几种中国兰种子试管培养根状茎的发生进行了研究”。

3) 结构严谨,表达简明,语义确切。摘要先写什么,后写什么,要按逻辑顺序来安排。句子之间要上下连贯,互相呼应。

4)句型应力求简单,慎用长句。每句话要表意明白,无空泛、笼统、含混之词。

5) 要使用规范化的名词术语,不用非公知公用的符号和术语。新术语或尚无合适汉文术语的,可用原文或译出后加括号注明原文。

6) 除了实在无法变通以外,一般不用数学公式和化学结构式,不出现插图、表格。

7) 不用引文,除非该文献证实或否定了他人已出版的著作。

8) 缩略语、略称、代号,除了相邻专业的读者也能清楚理解的以外,在首次出现时必须加以说明。目前摘要编写中的主要问题有:要素不全,或缺目的,或缺方法;出现引文,无独立性与自明性;繁简失当。

3.摘要的基本规范

(1)应以第三人称写作.摘要是完整的短文,具有独立性,可以单独使用.即使不看论文全文的内容,仍然可以理解论文的主要内容,作者的新观点和想法以及论文所要实现的目的,采取的方法,研究的结果与结论.

(2)叙述完整,突出逻辑性,短文结构要合理.

(3)文字简明扼要,不容赘言,采用直接表述的方法,不使用不必要的文学修饰,做到用最少的文字提供最大的信息量.

4、摘要里主要包括什么

主要包括简要的研究背景,所采用的研究工具,研究方法,得出的重要结论。另外可以说明论文的创新点

5、摘要应该怎么写

写作的过程中应当简明扼要,应当引起读者对文章的兴趣,使他们继续读,另外得出的结论写作要精炼

6、现在论文摘要常见的错误有哪些

常出现,记流水帐,把自己整篇文章从头到尾的标题说明一番。

一、[示例]

论文题目:天体对地球重力加速度的影响

论文摘要:地球重力加速度是一个极其重要的物理量,随着对重力加速度测量精度要求的日益提高,必须考虑天体对地球重力加速度的影响。

本文介绍了天体(包含日、月及太阳系行星)对地球重力加速度影响的基本概念,推导了影响的计算公式,并经过误差分析,证明此公式的相对误差小于1×10-9,完全可满足现代精密重力加速度测量的要求。

撰写论文摘要的常见毛病,一是照搬论文正文中的小标题(目录)或论文结论部分的文字;二是内容不浓缩、不概括,文字篇幅过长。

二、[示例]

论文题目:集成电路热模拟模型和算法

论文提要:众所周知,半导体器件的各种特性参数都是温度的灵敏函数学[诸如ls(T),B(T),C1(T),Cp(T)]。

集成电路将大量元件集成在一块苡片上,电路工作时,元件功耗将产生热量,沿晶片向四周扩散。但是由于半导体片及基座材料具有热阻,因此芯片上各点温度不可能相同。特别对于功率集成电路,大功率元件区域将有较高温度所以在芯片上存在着不均匀的温度分布。

但是为了简化计算,一般在分析集成电路性能时,常常忽略这种温度差别,假定所有元件者处于同一温度下。例如通用的电路模拟程序--SPICE就是这样处理的。显然这一假定对集成电路带来计算误差。对于功率集成电路误差将更大。

因此,如何计算集成电路芯片上的温度分布,如何计算元件温度不同时的电路特性,以及如何考虑芯片上热、电相互作用,这就是本文的目的。本文介绍集成电路的热模拟模型,并将热路问题模拟成电路问题,然后用电路模拟程序求解芯片温度分由。这样做可以利用成熟的电路分析程序,使计算的速度和精度大为提高。

作者根据这一模型和算法,编制了一个YM-LiN-3的FORTRAN程序,它可以确定芯片温度分布,也可发计算元件处于不同温度时的电路特性,该程序在微机IBM-PC上通过,得到满意结果。

上述论文提要字数近600,显然过长,只要认真加以修改(例如:第一段可删掉,第二段只保留其中的最后几句话,加上第三段),便可以二三百个字编写论文摘要。

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