毕业论文翻译资料
毕业论文外文翻译是在网上找到一篇与你论文主旨相关的英文文章，然后自己翻译过来，篇幅必须长一点，因为一般毕业设计都要有字数限制。
本科毕业设计（论文）外文翻译基本规范：
一、要求
1、与毕业论文分开单独成文。
2、两篇文献。
二、基本格式
1、文献应以英、美等国家公开发表的文献为主（Journals from English speaking countries）。
2、毕业论文翻译是相对独立的，其中应该包括题目、作者（可以不翻译）、译文的出处（杂志的名称）（5号宋体、写在文稿左上角）、关键词、摘要、前言、正文、总结等几个部分。
3、文献翻译的字体、字号、序号等应与毕业论文格式要求完全一致。
4、文中所有的图表、致谢及参考文献均可以略去，但在文献翻译的末页标注：图表、致谢及参考文献已略去(见原文)。（空一行，字体同正文）
5、原文中出现的专用名词及人名、地名、参考文献可不翻译，并同原文一样在正文中标明出处。
三、毕业论文（设计）外文翻译的内容要求
外文翻译内容必须与所选课题相关，外文原文不少于6000个印刷符号。译文末尾要用外文注明外文原文出处。
原文出处：期刊类文献书写方法：[序号]作者（不超过3人，多者用等或et al表示）.题（篇）名[J].刊名（版本）,出版年，卷次（期次）：起止页次。
原文出处：图书类文献书写方法：[序号]作者.书名[M].版本.出版地：出版者,出版年.起止页次。
原文出处：论文集类文献书写方法：[序号]作者.篇名[A].编著者.论文集名[C]. 出版地：出版者，出版年.起止页次。
要求有外文原文复印件。
扩展资料：
文献翻译要求
1、翻译要注重专业、准确
文献翻译涵盖许许多多的学科，每一学科都有自己的专业术语。比如，从事专利文献翻译的译者必须对相关专业术语有着深入的了解和清楚的把握，这样才能用专业、准确、规范的语言翻译出来。
2、翻译要注重知识更新
文献翻译涉及到各种学科，这些学科的发展是与时俱进的。因此，译员也要与时俱进，随时掌握最新的知识，这样才能更好地胜任翻译任务。
3、翻译要注重本地化
无论是将国外的文献翻译进来，还是将国内的文献介绍出去，翻译时都必须注意语言的本地化，符合目标语言的习惯。
4、翻译要注重语言严谨、流畅
文献翻译一方面讲究语言的严谨科学，逻辑的连贯严密，另一方面它也注重文字尽可能的优美流畅。因此，这类翻译对译者的目标语言使用能力是一种挑战。
参考资料：百度百科-文献翻译
计算机专业方面的外文翻译都是找wo拿参考 。
我们毕设都是上万方数据库、CNKI库找文献资料。参考外文都是那些文献后面的外文参考文献，难道还真自己翻？
一般来说外文资料的原文就是外文而不是中文，也正因为原文是英文，每个人翻译出来的都不一样，因此不用担心与他人重复。除非专业的翻译愿意花时间和精力去一个词一个词的翻。由于毕业论文有一定的专业知识，所以让单纯的英语专业的翻译不太愿意去触碰，而本专业的研究者有能直接读得懂中文，因而难找到所谓的翻译原文。经验拓展：（就本科及本科以下）毕业论文开题时，导师给出翻译外文文献的任务，一般来说导师是看得懂这些外文翻译的，比较好的导数或许会帮你翻译出来，大多是让你自己翻译，其目的是为了锻炼你英语翻译能力，查阅资料的能力，提高对论文的了解程度，知道一些基本的专业词的前提下，用百度或者谷歌翻译工具，基本可以大体翻译出来，整理通顺也就过关了，不会有人深究你翻译的到底怎么样。
汽车毕业论文翻译资料
很高兴你向我求助提问这个题，我之前帮别人找过的关于发动机的许多英文文献，我发给你，十来篇吧，也不是很多，主要关键词为mobile engine，不过没有英语翻译，一般而言由于这些论文都是高质量的都是没有现成翻译的，因为毕业论文，自己翻译下也好，这样出来的论文也更有说服力些。已经发到你邮箱，注意查收下。如果觉得好，不要忘记了采纳哦。
Society into the information network era, the requirements of the vehicle no longer be satisfied with a means of transport, but also want to live and work car is an extension of the scope, in the car like in their own office and home work and life. At the same time, the growing automotive electronics and also the rapid development of automotive technology was considered in the development process of a revolution of automotive electronics is a measure of the degree is seen as an important level of Hyundai Motor signs. With computer technology, communication technology, the rapid development of integrated circuit technology in order to figure represented Fieldbus field instrument, equipment, a large number of applications, red tape has been the scene of a single simple connection of fieldbus networks in place of, the quality of signal transmission also greatly improved, cars have begun to enter the Internet Age. In the last decade, the users of motor vehicles for the comfort, safety and environmental requirements such as performance improved. In order to meet these ever-increasing demand for computer-controlled vehicle electrical and electronic equipment increased dramatically, making vehicles (especially cars) the design of the layout of electrical circuits has become increasingly difficult. In addition, a variety of automotive electrical and electronic connector of the ensuing surge in the number of motor vehicles traveling on the course because of the failure point connector automotive electrical and electronic equipment on the issue of failure to perform its functions more and more prominent. To address these problems, many new models (especially the high-end models) the beginning of the development of the wider use of computer network technology. In this paper, computer network technology in the automotive application of the basic principles of network technology on the inside and outside the vehicle, the introduction of the internal network, introduced the characteristics of automotive and automotive standards for the internal network, focuses on the control of the main local area network CAN characteristics and their applications. Vehicle performance in accordance with the role of the impact of division of motor vehicle electronic products can be summarized as two types: one is the automotive electronic control devices, including the engine, chassis and body electronic control. One is car-car electronic devices, including motor vehicle information systems, navigation systems, car audio and video entertainment systems, automotive communications systems, Internet equipment.
Motorvehicle suspension on the vehicle suspension system is a very important only does it affect the comfort of the car (ride), but also to otherproperties such as the adoption, as well as the stability of the attachmenthave a significant impact on performance, each of the suspension by the elasticcomponents (buffers), body-oriented (from Chuan And stabilizing role), as wellas shock absorbers (from the role of shock absorption). However, not all of thesuspension must have three components. As long as we can play to the role ofthe three. Vehiclemaintenance for the conservation network 1, flying the classification suspension: on both sides of the wheel mounted on atotal-vehicle-bridge, the train-bridge to fly through the frame and suspension structure is simple and reliable power-but by two rounds ofshock and vibration affecting each other. But also because of the quality offlying non-serious suspension of the poor performance of the buffer, the vibrationof a moving car, the greater the impact. The suspension generally used fortrucks, buses and a number of other ordinary vehicles. (2) independentsuspension: each individual through a set of wheels mounted on the body orsuspension of vehicular bridge, the use of off-Axle, in the middle of a fixedframe or body; such wheel on both sides of the suspension by the shockHubuyingxiang, but due to non-flying than by the quality; buffer with a strongshock absorption capacity, ride comfort. The indicators are better thannon-independent suspension, but the complex structure of the suspension, but italso drive axle, steering system has become complicated. The use of suchsuspension of the following two categories of vehicles. Cars, buses andpassenger vehicles. Can be improved ride comfort, and high speed when drivingthe car to improve stability. Off-road vehicles, military vehicles andmining vehicles. In a bad way and have no say under the circumstances, we canmake sure all the wheels on the ground and contacts to enhance stability anddriving the car attached, to play a speed of the car. for the type of (1) of the leaf spring: the long-range multi-chip andcurvature ranging from the composite plate. After installed at both ends of thenatural upward curve. In addition to the leaf spring with a buffer, there is acertain degree of shock absorption, vertical layout also has a force-oriented,non-independent suspension using most of the leaf spring so flexiblecomponents, save-oriented devices and shock absorbers, simple structure . (2)of the coil spring: only a cushion for the multi-car independent suspension. Inthe absence of damping force and mass functions must also be equipped withspecial shock absorbers and device-oriented. (3) oil and gas spring: a flexiblemedium as a gas, liquid as a medium-power, which not only has a good buffercapacity, also has a role in shock absorption and at the same time frame of ahigh degree of regulation may also be applicable to the use of heavy vehicles andbuses. (4), torsion bar springs; will be made under the torsion bar springsfixed at one end of the frame, on the other side through the arm and connectedto the wheels, and beat at wheel torsion bar the use of reverse deformationplayed the role of buffer, is suitable for independent The use of suspension. use of shock absorber tube shock absorbers, the use of oil in the smallrole to cut energy consumption vibration. Shock absorber and the upper bodyframe or connected with the lower end of the train-bridge connected. Most ofthe trip can be done and the compression of the dual role of the role of flexibility in the independent suspension components, most of them can onlytransfer the vertical loads and can not transmit vertical and horizontal, mustbe a separate device-oriented. As noted, under the arm and vertical, horizontalstabilizer, and so on. suspension: before and after the truckswere non-independentsuspension bridge, some vehicles such as buses and cars and so on, after thebridge is also a non-independent suspension. Each car of the sedan chair byhoisting two independent non-vertical arrangement of the composition of theleaf spring. Leaf spring fixed in the middle of the train-bridge, with thefront end hinged frame or body, the back-end with the frame or body through theear hanging hinged or connected to use of skateboards. Top of the frame with ashock absorber then, with the lower end of the next school Axle. The truck rearaxle and more without shock types of independent suspension, coil spring as the use of flexiblecomponents. Torsion bar springs for the independent suspension is also dividedinto vertical and horizontal torsion torque Cup two-under. Although many of theadvantages of an independent suspension, but the car would turn the system, theDepartment of driving and driving more complicated structure of the of the engine engine performance merits of a direct impact on theperformance of motor vehicles. First, the use of fuel by the differentcategories according to engine fuel, gasoline engine and the engine is dividedinto two major categories of diesel Motor conservation maintenance, gasoline engine small size, lightweight, low prices; good start, when the maximum power of high-speed;work in asmall vibration and noise; suitable for small and medium-sized car inparticular, the use of high-speed deflagration due to the restrictionscan not be too high compression ratio, thermal efficiency and economy are not,such as diesel. Gasoline is a mixture of the main gas pipeline in the form overinto the cylinder, compressed by the end of close to the spark plugs fire. Thedriver to speed up the adoption of the control pedal into the cylinder of thegas mixture to control the load on the engine, known as the volume ofregulation. Gasoline engine’s fuel supply system and ignition system is a gasoline enginefailure on the part of a higher proportion. Gasoline engine emissions ofharmful material composition of carbon monoxide, carbon compounds and nitrogenoxides than diesel, and so on, but with the current electronically controlledfuel injection system and other exhaust gas purification devices, which havegreatly improved. In addition, the gasoline engine’storque characteristics are very suitable for automotive use, can significantlyreduce the labor intensity of the and gasoline engine, diesel engine size, weight, high prices, poor start(especially when the low temperature); work more vibration and noise; easy tooverload when the black smoke. Diesel is characterized by: 1)the absence of the deflagration, as well as restrictions on the needs of thespontaneous combustion of diesel, diesel engine compression ratio high. Thermalefficiency and economy must be better than the gasoline engine. 2)the same power, the diesel engine’s torque, maximum power at the time of low speed, suitable for theuse of the truck. 3)is a mixture of diesel engine cylinder internal form, no inlet throttle, theintake of small resistance. The driver to speed up the adoption of fuelinjection control board, to change the engine load, known as the regulation ofquality, as there is no problem of hypoxia, emissions of hydrocarbons andcarbon monoxide content of less than )In the absence of the ignition system, as well as fuel supply device failurerate low. Therefore, failure to less than diesel gasoline engine. 5)diesel engine torque characteristics are not suitable for car driving cycleneeds, moving the stalls to use frequently, an increase of pilot laborintensity. The main diesel engine for use in medium and heavy vehicles. Second, the number of engine cylinder andarrangement of the engine cylinder displacement equal to the volume of workand. Increasein the number of cylinder engine will not only increase capacity, improve theengine output power, but also to enable the smooth operation of the engine toreduce noise and vibration. Hyundai Motor have adopted multi-cylinder for more than 3-cylinder engine, small trucks, passenger cars andmedium-sized following for more than 4-cylinder engine; medium-sized trucks,large cars and buses for more than 6-cylinder engine; Heavy-Duty Truck Generalof 6-8 cylinder. 6-cylinder engine under a single row multi-cylinder in-linemode; 8-cylinder V-type engines for alignment; some of the cars in order toreduce engine height, length shortened, using V6, V8-type arrangement. Mini-caruse of 3-cylinder engine, most oblique way. In-line engine structure is simpleand cheap. The disadvantage is that a high degree of the engine higher more a way. V-type engines with low height, short length, but thestructure of the complex, more expensive price, suitable for large-scaleengine. Water-cooled engine block using the whole cast. Small engines usedaluminum alloy materials, large-scale multi-engine for the cast iron. Cylinderhead bolts used in a fixed block on the plane, in addition to constitute aclosed cylinder combustion room, into the exhaust, valves are installed, andspark plug valve, and so on. Third,the gasoline engine’sfuel supply 1, the fuel-supply system carburetor gasoline engine fuel supplyline into carburetor and fuel-injection two major categories of carburetor mainoil installations operating principle is: the work of the engine when the outside air Inthe cylinder under the suction air filter to filter through into the the air flow through the pipe section due to the smaller increase in thevelocity and pressure led to the decline in a certain vacuum. Float on theinterior of gasoline in the vacuum from the role of the main inlet into thespray nozzle, the gas emitted by high-speed air currents disperse into mist,known as fogging. And then to oil and oil-film evaporation space in the form ofevaporation, and the airway had mixed into the air mixture into the order to achieve the economy, the main oil loading also uses the air main nozzle at the indoor air, and along with a few scheduled to openaround the through-hole and air the same room. When the throttle openinggradually increases, the air hole gradually connected with the air. Not onlyreduces the vacuum so that the mixture-thinning, the main air nozzle is alsobeneficial to the atomization of gasoline. 2. electronically controlled fuelinjection fuel-supply system carburetor fuel-supply device structure is simple,reliable, cheap, easy maintenance. But the biggest drawback is that it can notbe precisely controlled mixture of concentration, resulting in incompletecombustion, emissions of harmful ingredients, do not meet the stringentrequirements of environmental protection today. In addition, due to theexistence of the pipe so that the air resistance increases. There is also thecylinder uneven distribution of gasoline and easy to produce and Qizu ice andso on. In order to solve these problems, 80 electronically controlled fuelinjection system in the car engine on a wide range of applications more fuel injection system advantages: electronically controlled fuelinjection system (referred to as English EFI) has the following advantages: matter under what conditions and in what conditions the engine canaccurately control the mixture of concentration, To make gasoline burncompletely full. This greatly reduces the emission of harmful components ofcontent, also has an excellent combustion engine of the economy. supply, ignition temperature, such as centralized control, so that the workof the engine performance, increased engine power output, lower fuelconsumption. engine can always operate in a stable condition in a variety of conditionsso that all car drivers in accordance with the requirements of normal traffic. 4. In the absence of pipes, a small airresistance. At the same time, difficult to produce Qizu, to the distribution ofgas cylinder uniform, and so on. The shortcomings of the fuel injection systemis the high cost structure of the complex and difficult to repair, and so on. electronicallycontrolled fuel injection system of classification: 1) by way of testing the air quality into theway traffic density and speed of the way the two categories. 2) by way of fuel injection, the following twocategories. According to the location of the jet, into intake manifold junction(SPI) and the jet intake manifold Department (MPI) are two jet, respectively,also known as single-point and multi-point injection jet. MPI iscurrently widely used in the is currently widely used in theway. Department of gasoline ignition gasoline engine ignition system aregenerally three categories: contact-type ignition system, electronic ignitionsystem, computer-controlled ignition system.车辆悬架系统中的机动车辆悬架系统是一种非常重要的系统。它不仅对乘坐汽车的舒适度有影响，而且对附件的稳定性等其他性能有着显著的影响。每个悬挂的弹性元件(弹簧),是车架(起稳定作用)， 以及减振器的角色(减震)组成然而,并非所有的悬架必须有三个组成部分。只要我们能发挥三个作用。汽车的维护，悬架分类：一 非独立悬架：两侧车轮安装在一根整体式车桥上，车轮连同车桥一起通过框架与车身相连。但这种悬架结构简单，可靠，制造方便，而是由两个轮冲击和振动轮互相影响。在载重汽车上被广泛应用。 但减震器的表现不佳，汽车行进中的震动越大，影响越严重，所以这种悬挂通常被用在卡车、客车和其他的普通车辆。 独立悬架:每个元件通过两侧车轮安装或悬挂在车架上，并且采用断开式车桥。安装了这种减震系统的车轮不易失重飞起，具有强大减震能力的缓冲器更是提供了舒适的乘驾感受。若一侧车轮相对于车架(或车身)的位置发生变化时，另一侧车轮不受影响。这种悬架结构复杂，且车身的平稳性和高速行驶的稳定性较好，因此在轿车和小客车上得到普遍采用。以上指标均优于非独立悬架，但是悬架的结构越复杂，驱动桥和转向系统也就越复杂。使用这种悬架的交通工有以下两种：1汽车和客车等客运车辆：可以提高乘驾舒适度，并且当高速驾驶时能提高稳定性。mining vehicles.越野车，军用车和采矿车。在路况不佳时，可以确保所有的车轮接触地面并提高稳定性，避免汽车起伏，发挥出汽车的速度。二.弹性元件类型：1 钢板弹簧：它是由若干片长方形的钢板组合成的复合板，呈弯曲形。安装在自然向上的曲线两端。此外,钢板弹簧通过减震器起到某种程度的减震、传递垂直载荷的作用。在非独立悬架和导向机构中，也使用钢板弹簧这种弹性元件和减震器这样简单的结构。2螺旋弹簧；只为多汽车独立悬架缓冲，在缺少阻尼力和质量职能的情况下，还必须具备特殊的减震器和导向装置。 3油气弹簧: 使用油液和高压气体作为弹性材料，不仅有很好的减震能力，可以吸收冲击。在同样情况下能够提供更好的调节作用，适用于重型车辆和客车。4扭杆弹簧：汽车车架与车轮用扭杆弹簧，其一端固定在车架上而另一端与车轮连接，车轮上下跳动时扭杆产生扭转变形，靠扭转弹力来吸收振动能量适合独立悬架系统。三.减震器减震筒的使用，油的使用可以切断震动造成的能里损耗。减震器上端与车底架相连，下端与车桥相连。减震器在大部分的行程可以起到压缩的双重作用四.导向机构：独立悬架的弹性元件，大多数只能传递垂直载荷，并不能传递水平载荷，必须是分离的导向机构。如上所述，在力臂和垂直和水平稳定器等。五.非独立悬架：非独立悬架位于卡车的前部和后部，像客车，汽车等一些车辆的后桥也是非独立悬架。每个轿车均由两个独立的非垂直的钢板弹簧构成。钢板弹簧固定在车桥中间,其前后端车架或车身通过耳朵悬铰链或使用滑板连接的。上面的框架用减振器的下端连接轴。车后桥一般无减震器。六 .螺旋弹簧作为弹性元件被用在多种类型的独立悬架。 扭杆弹簧torque Cup two-under.为独立悬架分成纵向和横向扭力矩杯两杆。 虽然独立悬架具有许多优点，但汽车将会通过更复杂的桥结构改进系统，驱动和驾驶。 关键词：发动机的结构发动机的性能对机动车辆的性能有着直接的影响。首先，燃料使用不同类别根据发动机的燃料，分为汽油发动机和柴油发动机。1网络汽车养护维修，汽油发动机体积小，重量轻，价格低；当最大速度运行是，启动好；运行时震动小，噪音小，适合小型和中型汽车，尤其是高速车。由于爆燃的限制，汽油机不可以有过高的压缩比，热效率，而且不如柴油经济。汽油是一种进入气缸中的主要气体管道的混合物，在压缩到接近底部的火花塞时点火。驾驶者加速踩油门时混合气体进入气缸来控制发动机的负载，这是常规。汽油发动机的燃料供给系统和点火系统是发生汽油发动机故障的比例较高的一部分。虽然汽油发动机比柴油排放更多的一氧化碳，碳化合物和氮氧化物等有害物质成分，但是,现在的电控燃油喷射系统和其他废气净化装置却有了很大的改善。但与目前的电控燃油喷射系统和其他尾气净化装置，极大地改善。此外，汽油发动机的扭矩特性非常适用于汽车，可以大大降低司机的劳动强度。2柴油发动机和汽油发动机，柴油发动机的大小，重量，价格高，启动差（尤其是低温时），运行时震动和噪音大; 有黑烟，容易超负荷。柴油发动机机的特点是：1）没有爆燃的限制，但柴油需要自燃，所以柴油发动机压缩比很高。 .热效率和经济性比汽油发动机更好。2）柴油发动机适用于卡车，因为同样的功率，扭矩大，最大功率也大。3）柴油发动机汽缸内的内部是的混合物，没有进油门，小阻力的进气管。 司机.司机加快采用燃油喷射控制板，通过改变发动机负荷，作为规管的质量，因为不存在缺氧问题，碳氢化合物和一氧化碳的排放量低于汽油。4）由于没有点火系统，燃料供应设备故障率低。 因此，不低于汽油发动机。5）柴油发动机扭矩特性并不适用于汽车驾驶循环的需求，移动的摊位，经常使用，是适合飞行员劳动强度的增加。主要适用于中型和重型车辆。第二，发动机缸体及发动机缸体位移量相等的工作。因此，增加汽缸发动机的数量，不仅能增加容量，提高发动机输出功率，而且能够使发动机顺利运作，以减少噪音和振动。现代汽车公司已采用多缸发动机。微型车超过3缸发动机，小卡车，客车和中型以下超过4缸发动机;中型卡车，大型轿车和客车超过6缸发动机;重型卡车一般6-8缸。6缸下单列多缸模式下，8缸V型直列发动机，有些的汽车，为减少发动机的高度，将长度缩短，安装使用V6发动机，V8发动机类型。微型汽车使用3缸发动机，大多是倾斜的。 .在直列发动机结构简单，便宜。 .缺点是，发动机的高度更高，长度更长。更是一个方式。.V型发动机高度低，长度短，但其结构复杂，价格更昂贵，适用于大型发动机。.水冷式发动机缸体采用整体铸造。小型发动机采用铝合金材料，而大型发动机多采用铸铁材料。 and so on.气缸盖螺栓是用在飞机上的固定块，除了构成一个封闭的汽缸燃烧室，进入排气管，阀门和火花塞等。第三，汽油发动机的燃料供应1，燃料供应系统汽化器汽油发动机燃料进入汽化器和燃油喷射器两种主要设备工作原理：发动机工作时，外界空气被吸入空气过滤器，通过过滤器进入气缸。当空气流过管道部分由于较小的增长速度及压力的减少导致了真空。
With the entry of informative network times is comimg, people are not simply satisfied with Atuo as the means of walking replacement, but to expect it can be closely related life to work, just as we work in the office or at home while we take the car. Meanwhile, Auto electronic rapid developing is regarded as the revolution of Auto technology development. E-vehicle developing level is one of the key points to measure modern auto technology. Followed the rapid development of comupter, telecommunication and integrated circuit technology, the typified digital field bus of field instrument and other related instruments widely used, and the complicated live link are replaced by simple live network link, the quality of signal transmission becomes much better than before, so that Auto gradually enters internet reccent decade, customers have higher quality on comfort, security, eco-friendliness of Auto. To meet these increasing demands, many electronic equipment controlled by computer is sharpely increasing in Auto, as a result of line connection becomes more difficult in Auto, especially in cars. Besides, the quantity of electronic line point shows increasingly. Inevitably it’ll has some troubles or blocks in drving. So that many new model or high-level model auto is using network technology in the process of research to solve these problems. This essay talks about how network is used in inner and outer auto, refering to the characteristic and standard of inner network used in Auto. While the key point is to emphasise on the main features and using of controlling local area to driving performance, auto electronic products could be classified as followings: one is Auto electronic control devices, including engine, chassis and body electronic control. The other is car electronic devices, including motor vehicle information systems, navigation systems, car audio and video entertainment systems, automotive communications systems, internet equipment etc.
求毕业论文英文翻译资料
“毕业论文”的英文：Graduation Dissertation
Dissertation 读法 英 [,dɪsə'teɪʃ(ə)n] 美 ['dɪsɚ'teʃən]
n. 论文，专题；学术演讲
短语：
1、academic dissertation 学位论文 ; 学术论文
2、Graduation Dissertation 毕业论文
3、Doctorate dissertation 博士论文
4、Dissertation Committee 论文委员会
5、dissertation topics 毕业论文题目
词义辨析：
article, paper,dissertation, essay, prose, thesis这组词都有“文章”的意思，其区别是：
1、article 多指在报刊、杂志上发表的非文艺性的文章，包括新闻报导、学术论文等。
2、paper 正式用词，多指在学术刊物上发表或在学术会议上宣读的专题论文，也指高等学校的学期论文，或学校里的作文练习。
3、dissertation 书面语用词，指独立研究后所写的较为详细的专题文章；也可指学位论文。
4、essay 指任何一种非小说性的，篇幅不长、结构简练的文章，如论说文、报道、评论、讽刺性杂文等。
5、prose 专指散文。
6、thesis 既可指毕业论文、学位论文，又可指一般的为阐述学术观点而写的论文。
例句：
1、Exploring "Trinity Working Mode" of Integrating Graduation Field Work, Graduation Dissertation and Employment on Graduation.
毕业实习、毕业论文与学生就业三位一体工作模式探索。
2、On Problems in Writing Graduation Dissertation
关于撰写毕业论文应该注意的问题。
我们毕设都是上万方数据库、CNKI库找文献资料。参考外文都是那些文献后面的外文参考文献，难道还真自己翻？
Thesis For Graduation毕业论文Thesis For Academic Degree学位论文Thesis表示比较严肃的文章，是带有一定目的的，研究性的文章。学位论文，研究报告。
A Thesis Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Degree of B. A./B. S. in ***这是标准的学士学位毕业论文的说法，.代表文学学士，.代表理学学士，***处填上专业。
毕业论文的外文资料翻译
本科毕业设计论文外文翻译基本格式
论文常用来指进行各个学术领域的研究和描述学术研究成果的文章，简称之为论文。它既是探讨问题进行学术研究的一种手段，又是描述学术研究成果进行学术交流的一种工具。它包括学年论文、毕业论文、学位论文、科技论文、成果论文等。以下是我精心整理的本科毕业设计论文外文翻译基本格式，欢迎大家借鉴与参考，希望对大家有所帮助。
本科毕业设计论文外文翻译基本格式
一、要求
1、与毕业论文分开单独成文。
2、两篇文献。
二、基本格式
1、文献应以英、美等国家公开发表的文献为主（Journals from English speaking countries）。
2、毕业论文翻译是相对独立的，其中应该包括题目、作者（可以不翻译）、译文的出处（杂志的名称）（5号宋体、写在文稿左上角）、关键词、摘要、前言、正文、总结等几个部分。
3、文献翻译的字体、字号、序号等应与毕业论文格式要求完全一致。
4、文中所有的图表、致谢及参考文献均可以略去，但在文献翻译的末页标注：图表、致谢及参考文献已略去（见原文）（空一行，字体同正文）。
5、原文中出现的'专用名词及人名、地名、参考文献可不翻译，并同原文一样在正文中标明出处。
三、毕业论文设计外文翻译的内容要求
外文翻译内容必须与所选课题相关，外文原文不少于6000个印刷符号。译文末尾要用外文注明外文原文出处。
外文翻译要求：
1、外文资料与毕业设计(论文)选题密切相关，译文准确、质量好。
2、阅读2篇幅以上(10000字符左右)的外文资料，完成2篇不同文章的共2000汉字以上的英译汉翻译
3、外文资料可以由指导教师提供，外文资料原则上应是外国作者。严禁采用专业外语教材文章。
4、排序：“一篇中文译文、一篇外文原文、一篇中文译文、一篇外文原文”。插图内文字及图名也译成中文。
5、标题与译文格式(字体、字号、行距、页边距等)与论文格式要求相同。
下页附：外文翻译与原文参考格式
英文翻译 (黑体、四号、顶格)
外文原文出处：(译文前列出外文原文出处、作者、国籍，译文后附上外文原文)
毕业论文外文翻译：将外文参考文献翻译成中文版本。
翻译要求：
1、选定外文文献后先给指导老师看，得到老师的确认通过后方可翻译。
2、选择外文翻译时一定选择外国作者写的文章，可从学校中知网或者外文数据库下载。
3、外文翻译字数要求3000字以上，从外文文章起始处开始翻译，不允许从文章中间部分开始翻译，翻译必须结束于文章的一个大段落。
外文翻译需要注意的问题
1、外文文献的出处不要翻译成中文，且写在中文译文的右上角（不是放在页眉处）；会议要求：名称、地点、年份、卷（期），等 。
2、作者姓名以及作者的工作单位也不用必须翻译。
3、abstract翻译成“摘要”，不要翻译成“文章摘要”等其他词语。
4、Key words翻译成“关键词” 。
5、introduction 翻译成“引言”(不是导言)。
外文翻译是你上网上查询一篇文章，和你的设计题目相似的英文文章，然后自己翻译过来，这就是外文翻译，篇幅必须长一点，因为一般毕业设计都要有字数限制。文献综述一般就是把你所用到的资料都一一介绍一下，不要很具体，因为论文是文献综述的具体介绍，文献综述中还包括一些与设计题目有关的现实描述。
CS方向sci三区的一个小刊，之前也是major revision，大四毕业了才中了。。所以在我心目中MV几乎约等于AC，虽然这辈子只投过一篇文章。北京译顶科技做的不错，可以联系他们一下 统一查下。
毕业论文外文资料翻译1
这个不用全部翻译的，只要选择自己需要的内容翻译。
翻译的外文文献可以是一篇，也可以是两篇，但英文字符要求不少于2万。选定外文文献后先给指导老师看，得到老师的确认通过后方可翻译。
翻译的外文文献应主要选自学术期刊、学术会议的文章、有关著作及其他相关材料，应与毕业论文(设计)主题相关，并在中文译文首页用“脚注”形式注明原文作者及出处，外文原文后应附中文译文。
扩展资料：
外文翻译需要注意的问题
1、外文文献的出处不要翻译成中文，且写在中文译文的右上角（不是放在页眉处）；会议要求：名称、地点、年份、卷（期），等 。
2、作者姓名以及作者的工作单位也不用必须翻译。
3、abstract翻译成“摘要”，不要翻译成“文章摘要”等其他词语。
4、Key words翻译成“关键词” 。
5、introduction 翻译成“引言”(不是导言)。
6、注意排版格式，都是单排版，行距，字号小4号，等（按照格式要求）。
7、各节的标号I、II等可以直接使用，不要再翻译成“第一部分”“第二部分”，等。
8、里面的图可以拷贝粘贴，但要将图标、横纵指标的英文标注翻译成中文。
9、里面的公式、表不可以拷贝粘贴，要自己重新录入、重新画表格。
参考资料：百度百科-毕业论文
毕业论文外文翻译：将外文参考文献翻译成中文版本。
翻译要求：
1、选定外文文献后先给指导老师看，得到老师的确认通过后方可翻译。
2、选择外文翻译时一定选择外国作者写的文章，可从学校中知网或者外文数据库下载。
3、外文翻译字数要求3000字以上，从外文文章起始处开始翻译，不允许从文章中间部分开始翻译，翻译必须结束于文章的一个大段落。
外文翻译需要注意的问题
1、外文文献的出处不要翻译成中文，且写在中文译文的右上角（不是放在页眉处）；会议要求：名称、地点、年份、卷（期），等 。
2、作者姓名以及作者的工作单位也不用必须翻译。
3、abstract翻译成“摘要”，不要翻译成“文章摘要”等其他词语。
4、Key words翻译成“关键词” 。
5、introduction 翻译成“引言”(不是导言)。
本科毕业设计论文外文翻译基本格式
论文常用来指进行各个学术领域的研究和描述学术研究成果的文章，简称之为论文。它既是探讨问题进行学术研究的一种手段，又是描述学术研究成果进行学术交流的一种工具。它包括学年论文、毕业论文、学位论文、科技论文、成果论文等。以下是我精心整理的本科毕业设计论文外文翻译基本格式，欢迎大家借鉴与参考，希望对大家有所帮助。
本科毕业设计论文外文翻译基本格式
一、要求
1、与毕业论文分开单独成文。
2、两篇文献。
二、基本格式
1、文献应以英、美等国家公开发表的文献为主（Journals from English speaking countries）。
2、毕业论文翻译是相对独立的，其中应该包括题目、作者（可以不翻译）、译文的出处（杂志的名称）（5号宋体、写在文稿左上角）、关键词、摘要、前言、正文、总结等几个部分。
3、文献翻译的字体、字号、序号等应与毕业论文格式要求完全一致。
4、文中所有的图表、致谢及参考文献均可以略去，但在文献翻译的末页标注：图表、致谢及参考文献已略去（见原文）（空一行，字体同正文）。
5、原文中出现的'专用名词及人名、地名、参考文献可不翻译，并同原文一样在正文中标明出处。
三、毕业论文设计外文翻译的内容要求
外文翻译内容必须与所选课题相关，外文原文不少于6000个印刷符号。译文末尾要用外文注明外文原文出处。
外文翻译要求：
1、外文资料与毕业设计(论文)选题密切相关，译文准确、质量好。
2、阅读2篇幅以上(10000字符左右)的外文资料，完成2篇不同文章的共2000汉字以上的英译汉翻译
3、外文资料可以由指导教师提供，外文资料原则上应是外国作者。严禁采用专业外语教材文章。
4、排序：“一篇中文译文、一篇外文原文、一篇中文译文、一篇外文原文”。插图内文字及图名也译成中文。
5、标题与译文格式(字体、字号、行距、页边距等)与论文格式要求相同。
下页附：外文翻译与原文参考格式
英文翻译 (黑体、四号、顶格)
外文原文出处：(译文前列出外文原文出处、作者、国籍，译文后附上外文原文)
外文翻译要求：（1）选定外文文献后先给指导老师看，得到老师的确认通过后方可翻译。（2）选择外文翻译时一定选择外国作者写的文章，可从学校中知网或者外文数据库下载。（3）外文翻译字数要求3000字以上，从外文文章起始处开始翻译，不允许从文章中间部分开始翻译，翻译必须结束于文章的一个大段落。