初三英语的论文

学术堂整理了十五个不错的英语教学论文题目，供大家进行参考：1、小学高年段学生英语阅读能力研究2、初一英语语音意识、句法意识、工作记忆与英语阅读的关系3、小学高年段基于故事的英语阅读教学研究4、教学行动研究在高一英语阅读教学中的应用5、小学高年级英语阅读教学策略研究6、高一学生英语阅读策略研究7、浑源中学高二学生英语阅读现状调查8、从整体语言教学和字母拼音教学看我国小学英语阅读教学9、多元智能理论在小学英语阅读教学中的应用10、高三学生英语阅读策略运用状况调查与研究11、美国小学母语教材Reading Street之研究12、汉语儿童英汉语语音意识和英语单词认读能力的关系13、通过英语图画书提高小学低年级学生阅读效果的研究14、突破心理障碍,让学生爱上英语阅读——小学英语教学中突破阅读难关之我见15、小学英语教学中应用朗读方法的研究

无论是在学校还是在社会中，大家都不可避免地要接触到作文吧，作文根据体裁的不同可以分为记叙文、说明文、应用文、议论文。相信很多朋友都对写作文感到非常苦恼吧，下面是我收集整理的九年级英语作文9篇，欢迎大家分享。

oh, my english was poor in the past. so how to improve it was my biggest problem.

first, how to remember the new words? i always copy the on pieces of paper, stick them on the wall, and read them aloud when i see them. it’s the best way to remember new words. what’s more, i should do more reading. try to guess the meanings of new words, and get the main idea of the article. and when i answer teacher’s question, i’ll take a deep breath and smile, i will say: “i can!” last, after class, i always review the lessons.

and practice makes perfect. i do believe! i can learn english well.

本单元话题为“我们怎样变化的”，主要围绕人或事物从过去到现在所发生的变化展开描述。写作时首先要理清写作的逻辑顺序，注意过去与现在的对比。在句式的使用上，既可用used to do/be…,but now…,也可以直接用一般过去时描述过去的情况，用一般现在时描写现在的情况，各种句式交替使用，以免文章显得呆板。

写作此类话题作文的常用表达有：

(1) …used to do/be

(2) How/what about you?

(3) …has/have changed a lot in the last few years.

【典型例题】

请你以Changes in people’s life 为题描述最近几年人们生活上的变化。词数80词左右。

提示：1. 人们的联系方式、娱乐方式的改变

2. 人们的出行方式及居住环境的改变

【优秀范文】

Changes in people’s life

Great changes have taken place in people’s life in the last few years.

In the past people kept in touch with relatives or friends mainly by sending letters. They would listen to the radio for news and other information. Children used to go to school by bike. Big families had to share small rooms.

Now people can talk to others by telephone or on the internet at home. When they are free, they watch the news and other programs on TV. Some families are rich enough to send their children to school in their own cars. More and more people live in big and bright apartment with several rooms.

In a word, people live better than before.

Golden week means long vacation. I m in favor of the existing of golden week. Every year, I m looking forward to its coming. During the golden week, I can have a good rest at home or go for a travel if my parents would like to. It is very wonderful. A semester is very long, and I often feel tired after a semester. Thus, if I can have a little long vacation during the long time study would be great. After I have a good rest, I can study effectively. Having a good rest, everyone would be full of energy.

黄金周意味着长假。我支持黄金周的存在。每年我都期待着黄金周的到来。在黄金周期间，我可以在家好好的休息或者我爸爸妈妈喜欢的话我还可以去旅游。真是太棒了一个学期是非常长的，经过一个学期，我经常感到很累。因此，如果我能在长时间的学习中有一个长假是非常好的。我休息好之后，我可以有效地学习。休息好后，每个人都会充满能量。

Dear Mike,

I know it isn’t easy for you to learn practice makes think you should practice speaking and listening. I think that doing lots of listening practice is one of the secrets of becoming a good language learner. Watching Chinese movies can also help a lot,too. As for grammar, I suggest you to take lots of grammar notes in every class. Chinese is very useful and I hope you will get an A in your Chinese learning.

Yours,

Wang Lin

According to the reform program of the college entrance examination that the Ministry of Education has made，some of the subjects will be examed many times in a have different oppinions about this. Some say that this program give students more free can choose the exam time themself and it's obvious an effective way to improve their grades of the university entrance the other hand,if some of the subjects are finished ahead of time,students will be in less pressure during the time. There are also many people against the program while others are in favour of wil increase the burden of the students by the frequently is a waste of the education resource cause the exam costs more in this case. In my oppinion，to pass the exam before the reference time is a good way to relax ourselves while we are all under the pressure of the university entrance I'm looking forward to see the reform program to be brought into force. What about you?What's your idea of the program?

It was sunny that day. Our parents were out, so there were only my brother and me at home. We were bored. So we decided to go boating. We played happily. But when we went to the middle of the river, the weather changed. It rained suddenly. We didn t bring umbrella and our boat was bamboo raft. As the rain was more and heavier, we were afraid to sink in the river. We tried our best to make our boat in shore. But our bamboo raft had more water on it. I was afraid to die. My brother was also very anxious. At that time, my mother came and she pulled us back to the ground. It was thrilling.

那是一个晴天。我们的父母都出去了，所以只有我和哥哥在家。我们很无聊。所以我们决定去划船。我们玩的很开心。但当我们走到河中央时，天气变了。突然下起雨来。我们没带伞，而且我们的船还竹排。由于雨越来越大，我们担心会沉到河里去。我们尽力使我们的船靠岸。但是竹筏上的水越来越多。我害怕死了。我哥哥也很着急。那时，我妈妈来了来了，她把我们拉回到地面。真的'惊心动魄啊。

This summer, i had some special days. i joined dongzhou international educational exchange summer camp.

first, i will tell you about our foreign teachers, they are shrina and rebecca. they are friendly and beautiful. they are students at oxford university.

we talked about many things: famous people, subjects in england, different jobs, our deal days, western star signs, what can we say in a restaurant and so on.

we know lots of things, like what the difference is between “chef” and “cook”, all the parts of the body…

we tried to write a letter to principal zhang. we made a play and we drew our own comics and tried to sell it. we gave some other students english lessons, we taught them about chinese dragon, chinese martial arts and the olympics.

every afternoon, we played exciting games: chinese whispers, tongue twisters, wheelbarrow, egg and spoon, three legs…

on the last day, we had a good time. we made black tea. we put tea bags, some milk and lots of water in to a big bowl, and then we stirred the tea until it became red and dark. oh, it tasted good! later, we used eggs, flour and milk to make many pancakes. to cook them is very interesting. when we finished it, the pancakes looked round and nice. we put some jam on it. how delicious! i won’t ever forget it.

the summer camp is a really good chance for me. i know the local things in england. i learned a lot and like english more. i also know better ways to learn english well.

i hope one day i can see you in england.

本单元的话题是“发明”，涉及科普知识与技术等内容，是学生最感兴趣的话题之一。写作体裁多为说明文，写好这类文章一定要抓住事物的特征、功能和用途。

写作此类话题作文的常用表达有：

(1) When was …invented?

(2) It was invented…

(3) They are used for…

【典型例题】

计算机在我们的生活、工作中的作用越来越大，你知道计算机的起源与发展吗？请结合计算机的发明时间（1946年）、外形、用途等方面，谈一下它的发展变化，并说明你对未来计算机的畅想。

【优秀范文】

Computer

Computers are becoming more and more important in our daily life. Do you know when the computer was invented?

The computer was invented in 1946. At that time, it was huge. With the development of science and technology, the computer has grown smaller. Now there are many kinds of computers, such as personal computers and laptops. The computer is a very useful tool in our life. For example, it can send some messages to foreign friends by email. What’s more, it can share information with others through the World Wide Web. We can also listen to music or play the game on computers. It makes us relax.

It’s hard to imagine what our life would be like without computers. I think computers will be more convenient and they are going to change our life completely in the near future.

Chemical class is the compulsory course in the middle school. It is one of my favorable classes. When I first contact with this subject, I am interested in it. In my mind, it is miracle. It can see the nature of object. For example, through chemical class, I learn how does water form. Knowing this makes me feel like a little talent. I have a great sense of achievement. Maybe it is my curiosity makes me like this class so much. To be honest, to explore knowledge is very excited and interesting.

化学课是初中的一门必修课。是我最喜欢的课程之一。当我第一次接触这个科目的时候，我就对它很感兴趣了。在我看来，化学真的好神奇。它可以看到事物的本质。例如，通过化学课，我知道了水是怎么形成的。了解这些事情让我觉得我像个小天才。我也有很大的成就感。也许是我的好奇心才让我那么喜欢这个课。老实说，探索知识是非常刺激和有趣的。

初三英语文章毕业论文

在学习、工作或生活中，说到作文，大家肯定都不陌生吧，根据写作命题的'特点，作文可以分为命题作文和非命题作文。你写作文时总是无从下笔？下面是我为大家整理的初三毕业英语作文，欢迎大家分享。

Six years is a long time, and we always say that graduation is a long way off. But six years was a short time, and then we were all grown up, and we had graduated... I felt a sense of loss, feeling empty in my heart.

Yes, I am excited that I am about to become a middle school student. The life of middle school is also full of yearning. But I grew up with my Alma mater for six years, and my Alma mater grew up with me for six years. During these six years, there was happiness, sadness and loss. There are dear teachers, there are dear students, there is a unity class... These countless wonderful memories, how can I forget?

Of all the students, my best friend is Kim dongxiao. Kim and I were "dead parties", and we were all together all day, and we had to go home together after school. We will laugh with her when we are happy. We comfort her when we are sad. We encourage her when the other person is frustrated... I will not forget that I have such a good friend. Her name is jin dongxiao.

Of all the teachers, I like miss zhou best. Mr. Zhou is amiable and approachable. Although we are sometimes strict with us, we all know she is good for us. During the class, Mr. Zhou always plays with us and sometimes jokes with us. I don't forget miss zhou.

What impressed me most was the cultivation of my beloved Alma mater, wanghong primary school. The Alma mater's grass and trees are so familiar that a brick by the Alma mater is so friendly. Dear Alma mater, you are full of vitality. You are like a tender mother, nourishing me with sweet milk, let us thrive. More impressively, we have acquired the knowledge of the nectar, the power of wisdom, the practical ability and the truth of human being in your warm embrace. You say, can we bear to leave you?

The days are like a merry-go-round, which is filled with laughter or sadness. Have tried to find what to dilute the so-called memory. Someone said time can dilute everything, but I don't believe it. Isn't friendship really lasting? Is everything going to go away? So, I still couldn't find it.

We are like flowers blooming in the spring, we have our most beautiful memories. The pictures that had been laughed together were fixed in my mind. Time goes by quickly, and in 20xx, will 20xx be far behind? My friend, may I call you in such a name? Because I want us to be closer together.

It's hard for me to imagine that when we're apart, we're going to be crying, or we're going to look at each other, and then we're going to go away. In 20xx, the year we yearn for, the year of our brilliant achievements, we can achieve our dreams in this year.

Friend, we will graduate together in 20xx. Graduation was in that hot summer. In 20xx, we'll be running things; In 20xx, we will shed all our tears; In 20xx, we will all talk to each other. At that moment, those heavy burdens on our shoulders will be unconditioned. We will have the lightest moments of our lives.

I will laugh when we graduate together in 20xx. Because in this wonderful world let me meet you. We worked together for three years. And finally realized his dream. You helped me when I was most helpless. You've said to me that all bad things can be turned into motivation, and people just look forward, nothing is impossible. I believe in you, we become best friends, so no matter where I am, I will remember you and miss you.

I will cry when we graduate together in 20xx. In that instant, the tears of success will rain. In that instant, the most sincere emotion of life will appear. We can't describe in words what we've been through, the language we've been trying to say, only you and I understand.

80词的英语作文，道不尽初三年级的学生们感慨的心情。下面是我给大家整理的初三毕业英语作文80词，供大家参阅!希望大家毕业后也可以友谊长久，不忘彼此。

Learn to give up wisely Never give up has been accepted by many people as a positive life attitude. Admittly persistence often plays an important role in one success. However,in many cases to give up might be wiser than to persist blindly. The following reasons can support this argument. Firstly,sometimes our goal may be unrealistic. If we insist on it blindly, it will finally bring us nothing but failure. At this time,what we should do is give up the orignal goal and reset a more pratical one. Secondly,not all persistence can bring deserving results. For a very simple example if we keep waiting in line for hours, only to have a luncheon restaurant may be it is unwise .

When the bell rang again school of time, I will be with my junior high school life say goodbye. At this moment, I felt so tired that I want to go home and have a good sleep. I will be as free as a bird, and can be doing what I love to do. During the holidays, I want to do? Of course, there are many, but I want to do a thing is to improve my English. My English is the worst of all my subjects. I was hard at it, but I have little progress. Im not good at reading and writing, so I must be doing something in it more. Every morning I will read aloud three short story, and keeps a diary in English. I will remember my English teachers advice, "if you want to learn English well, the best way is to use it every day.

Ill never forget you and our co-experience in the classroom or in our shool playground.

Although we may go to a diffferent school and will have diferent teachers and classmates,I believe that our friendship will not fade at all just because of our separation.

Every one must have his own life and there is no friends that can be together forever,only what can defend the time is the most cherished friendship that belongs to us all.

Faced with the separation,we dont need to be sad as we know we will live a wonderful life in a new and unknown place,maybe when you get some excellent achievments,I truly believe that I will be the first man to be told and I will be the first man to send congratulation to you.

Best wishes for you!

毕业论文英语翻译初三

变化在架构上处理的对塑造的研究倾向於集中於这份鉴定的影响的原素一种变化的成功处理，并且最永远导致指导在变动管理过程中的实践。这样的指导的例子工程变动管理的一个概念 [2],最好有效的控制改变的惯例 [3],一一般发布一个更换命令请求的程式 [4],一个分析降低建设更换命令的总的比率的方法[5],一本最佳实践指南提出最佳实践建议对於在工程上的变化的有效的管理来说 [6],并且一项先进的工程改变管理体制 [7].关於变动管理和评估的上述文学主要使两者中任何一个聚焦在变化的鉴定上处理，控制改变的最佳实践建议在工程生命周期期间，或者关於对变化的评估对一个单个的工程参数的影响。大部分讨论是用无条件模式提出同时小注意被支付塑造依靠的数据或者类比反覆的循环从未预料的产生的并行设计和建设变化和他们的对工程性能的随后的影响。因此，在建设过程中有一个清楚的需要调查研究工作的工业集中於塑造这从属性，特别为多学科的因果，和计画这样的反覆的任务。为变动管理发展的一些电子系是描述设计资料的综合系统，记录设计基本原理，使设计协调和变化变得容易，和通知用户把归档变化。这些系统被开发主要处理无功的变化，特别是设计变化。研究在这文章内提出集中於两前摄和无功的变化。无功变化描述事件什麼时候一变化发生和要采取行动补救的工程组织开始这种变化的结果。当前摄的变化时描述事件什麼时候一变化很可能发生在里一稍后阶段和项目研究小组计画使破坏性的效应减到最小这些变化。因为总是的变化的影响关心开业医生，在被提议的系统方面的变化影响的概念被在以后的章节里提出。

（摘要）：Abstract:Series of flexible terms, the series also widely used in modern economic life, and our lives are closely related to the use of knowledge and means to resolve shown growth, profits, interest rates, re-use and other issues is a major practical application of the problem, the paper examples Series in real life applications.（关键词）：Key words: series; instalments; bank savings; leasing trade; the use of resources

毕业论文的英文翻译是thesis，音标是英[ˈθi:sɪs] 美[ˈθisɪs] 。thesisn.论文，毕业论文;论点，论题;命题扩展例句1、There is no empirical evidence to support his thesis. 他的论文缺乏实验证据的支持。2、How well does this thesis stand up to close examination? 这个命题经得起推敲吗？3、He has finished his thesis. 他的论文完成了。4、She's finished writing her thesis. 她那篇论文写出来了。5、Please write an abstract of this article 〔 thesis 〕. 请写一份这本书〔这篇论文〕的摘要。The article has a clear-cut thesis and arguments, but lacks reasoning.文章论点、论据鲜明，但缺乏论证。

初三英语毕业论文范文参考

英语文学是英语专业学生的一门重要的课程,对于英语学生的自身能力的提升具有十分重要的意义。下面是我为大家整理的英语文学方向毕业论文，供大家参考。

摘要：教师在教学中从多方面注重学生英语文学素养的培养，同时大学生也要积极进行英语文学素养的培养，不断提升自身的英语文学素养，促进自身的全面发展。

关键词：英语文学;大学生

一、大学生英语文学素养培养的现状

大学生的英语文学素养的培养非常重要，然而在大学的英语教学中教师对于学生文学素养的重视不够，并且学生自身没有较强的意识注重文学素养的培养。大学的英语教学，尤其是非英语专业的英语教学，主要是大学英语课程的教学，在教学中对于学生的文学素养培养没有足够的重视。第一，大学英语的教学主要以学生语言技巧为主，以英语词汇、知识点、语法等为主要讲授内容，教师很少讲授到英美文学的知识，也较少布置有关文学阅读的任务，对于大学生的英语文学素养培养非常不利。第二，英语四级、六级考试，作为国家级考试对于学生的学习要求也主要为英语语言自身的应用，但是对于英语文学方面没有很多的要求,影响着全国大学生的英语学习。从学生角度来说，大学生尤其是非英语专业的学生对于英语兴趣不高，很少学生去阅读英语文学的相关资料，或者有兴趣但是英语能力不足，慢慢失去了对于英语文学的喜爱

二、大学生英语文学素养培养的策略

针对大学生英语文学素养的现状，我们必须注重大学生英语文学素养的培养，从多方面提高大学生的英语文学素养，促进大学生的全面发展。

第一，英语课堂上教师注意培养学生对于英语文学的兴趣。大学的英语课，多是大学英语的课程，很多非英语专业学生英语基础较差，对英语不感兴趣，对于英语文学的兴趣就更小。为了提高大学生的英语文学素养，在英语课堂上教师可以注意学生文学的兴趣培养。在讲授教学内容时，继续增强学生对英语语言的喜爱，恰当地为学生介绍文学作品，联系更多的文学信息，将教学内容与英美的文学知识结合在一起，引起学生对英语文学的兴趣。

第二，教学内容多介绍英语文学的相关知识，带领学生学会文学赏析、评论等。大学英语教学的主要内容都是大学英语课程的内容，教师讲授教学内容时比较偏重与英语语言的应用，对于文学作品的分析、文学作品的赏析进行地很少。为了培养学生的英语文学素养，教师可以讲课时注意突出与教学内容相关的文学知识，在为学生讲解知识点的同时带领学生去学习如何赏析文学作品，对于文学作品进行分析评论，为学生推荐适合的文学作品，让学生从文学作品中获得更多的知识，也获得更多的关于世界、人生的思考。

第三，课上教师采取灵活多样的教学方法来进行英语文学的熏陶。在英语教学过程中，教师采取丰富多彩的教学方式和手段来引导学生对英语文学的兴趣，提升学生对文学的敏感度，促进学生的文学积累。一方面，教师可以将文学学习与电影结合起来。很多的文学作品，尤其是经典的文学作品都被后人拍成电影或者电视，而电影、电视是学生容易接受的方式，而且对于学生来说更具吸引力，在电影中学生对于文学作品有所了解，对于英语语言的应用也更清晰。另一方面，教师应该充分利用网络资源，引导学生接触更多的英语文学知识和作品。在当今时代，接触文学不仅靠书籍，还可以更好地利用网络资源。在信息飞速的时代，教师可以积极引导学生利用网络进行文学阅读和文学思考。

第四，布置课下文学的延伸任务，定期检验学生的完成情况。在英语教学过程中，教师要布置恰当的文学阅读任务和文学赏析作业。根据教学内容，向学生推荐英语文学作品，要求学生完成文学作品的相关任务，鼓励学生在进行文学阅读和赏析的任务过程中，进行思考分析，获得更多的知识和思考。对于布置的文学任务，可以定期进行检查，通过写阅读反思、影评等来检验学生对于文学作业的完成情况。

第五，学生自身要转变观念，变被动培养为主动提高。大学生为了就业，更多的人都选择学习实用性强的课程，对于短期内实用效果较小的文学学习却很忽略。要提高大学生的英语文学素养，学生首先要从思想上转变以前的观念，意识到文学学习和提高文学素养对于自身发展的重要性，重视自身英语文学素养的培养。其次在课堂上和课下主动进行文学作品的阅读和学习，配合教师的文学学习的教学，积极完成教师布置的文学相关作业将文学素养的培养当成一项长期的活动。教师在教学中从多方面注重学生英语文学素养的培养，同时大学生也要积极进行英语文学素养的培养，不断提升自身的英语文学素养，促进自身的全面发展。

参考文献

1、基于思维过程的高中英语文学阅读思维型课堂教学架构兰春寿课程.教材.教法2015-12-01期刊1

2、英语专业体裁文本依托文学课程体系改革效果分析景婧外语界2015-08-25期刊

摘要：总之，动词汉译英的过程就是由“动态”向“静态”转化、由展开型句法结构向浓缩型句法结构转化的过程，也体现了由汉民族思维方式向英民族思维方式转化的过程。

关键词：英语文学;研究生

一、汉语的“动态”与英语的“静态”

动词是表示人或事物动作、行为、发展、变化的词，是最复杂、最活跃的一种词类。英、汉两种语言对动词的概括意义是一样的，但动词的数量及使用频率与方式却并不一样。从总体修辞效果来看，英语呈“静态”，汉语呈“动态”，亦即，英语有一种少用(谓语)动词而用其他手段;而汉语则有一种多用动词的固有习惯。英语每个句子中只能使用一个限定式动词(并列谓语除外);而汉语中却存在着“连动式”和“兼语式”，如“他到了火车站发现火车已经开走了”，及紧缩句，如“我们下雨也去”。英语的限定动词只能做谓语，而汉语中的动词(包括动宾词组、主谓词组等)不仅做谓语，也可做主语，如“理论联系实际是我们党的优良传统”，宾语，如“鲁迅主张打落水狗”，定语，如“讨论的问题很重要”，状语，如“一定要批判地继承我国的文学艺术遗产”和补语，如“小溪旁那些女人们听得笑起来了”。汉语是一种离不开动词的语言，除了部分句子(即名词谓语句如“今天星期六”和形容词谓语句如“他这几天心情很好”)以外，大量的句子都不止使用一个动词，有的句子几乎全句都是动词，如“打得赢就打，打不赢就走，不怕没办法”。汉语的动词还可以重叠和组合构成新的动词，如“走走”、“商量商量”、“看一看”、“打打闹闹”，而英语的动词却不能。另外汉语中为数不多的介词，也大都是从古代汉语动词演变而来的，有些还具备动词的一般特点，称为“半动词”，“副动词”，“汉语中的绝大多数的‘介词’，应该划归动词的范畴，只是入句时，表现了相当于英语介词的作用”，如“他在家”中的“在”为动词，而“他在家看书”中的“在”则为介词。

二、“动态”与“静态”的思维根源

汉语“动态”与英语“静态”之差异，其深层原因在于汉、英民族思维方式的差异：即汉民族重形象思维、重悟性，而西方人重抽象思维、重理性。汉文化的重要特征之一是“尚象”，汉民族习惯于“观物取像”，即取万物之象，加工成为象征意义的符号来反映、认识客观事物的规律，形成了偏重形象，即偏重具体的思维方式;西方文化的重要特征之一是“尚思”，注重逻辑与形式论证，形成了以概念、判断和推理为思维形式，偏重抽象的思维方式。这种思维形式的不同在语言上表现为：英语语言常常使用大量的涵义概括、指称笼统的抽象名词来表达复杂的理性概念，因而显得“虚”和“静”;而汉语则习惯于形象语言，用形象的方法来表达抽象的事物，动词的形象性即满足了中文的需求，由于大量地使用动词，汉语言因而显得“实”和“动”。另外，汉民族相比于西方人更倾向于注重悟性，汉语由意念贯通，行文造句不需要严格的语法规则来规范，词的用法也非常灵活，动词的使用即非常灵活。汉语的动词由于没有形态变化的约束，使用起来十分自由、灵活，可以充当句子的各种成分，也可以连用形成连动式和兼语式，还可以重叠和组合构成新的动词，动词的大量使用使汉语的表达呈现“动态”的倾向。与之相反，西方人更注重理性，注重形式论证，在语言上表现为形态的外漏和形式上的完整，因此行文造句需要严格的语法规则来规范。英语句子有严谨的主谓结构，一个句子结构通常只使用一个谓语动词，大量本应该用动词表达的概念，只能用非谓语动词来表达，或借助于动词以外的词类，主要是由动词派生而来的名词，有时还要借助于介词、副词及由动词转化而来的形容词，这样便产生了动词的虚化和弱化，使得英语的表达呈现“静态”的倾向。

三、汉译英中动词的处理

鉴于学生动态英译文的问题，从“动态”与“静态”这一修辞差异入手来探讨汉译英中汉语动词(不包括判断动词和能愿动词)的处理，应是汉译英教学中的非常重要的一讲。

(一)单动词汉语句子中动词的处理

“英语的静态修辞的实质是名词优势和介词优势，而介词优势又是名词优势的必然结果。因为名词与名词之间要借助介词来联结”。英语倾向于用名词(词组)来表达汉语用动词所表达的概念，即动作、行为、状态等，尤其在科技、法律、政治等正式文体中更是如此。这不仅使英语句子简洁紧凑，也避免了将人牵涉进来，从而使语句意义更加含蓄、间接，符合英民族表达习惯，因而句子优美。因此，在有些情况下，汉语动词并不是译成英语动词，而是要遵循英语的这一修辞特点，进行必要的词性转换，即动词向名词和介词的转化(如a和b)，有时也转化成副词和形容词(如c和d)等，使译文符合英语的句法规律，因而更加地道、更显文采。a.他很贪嘴。.这不符合我们党的政策.ThisisnotinkeepingwithourParty’.桌布铺上了吗?Istheclothon?d.他怀疑我的动机。Heissuspiciousofmyintentions.

(二)多动词汉语句子中动词的处理

汉语注重“动态”描写，一个句子中往往会涌现大量的动词，但并不会引起句子的臃肿和混乱.汉语的动词可以作句子的不同成分;一个句子中可以连用两个或更多的动词作谓语，有时一个句子中会集结异常大量的动词，按照各动作实际上的时间顺序或逻辑上的因果次序，将事件一一如实说出，甚至尽量省略关系词以达到动词集中、动词突出的效果。因此在将汉语句中充当主语、宾语、定语、状语、宾补的动词译成英语时，有的可以省译，有的要进行词性转换或译成非限定动词;在将汉语的连动式结构译成英文时，首先要确定一个主要动词，作为谓语动词，与主语形成SV主干，构成全句中心，其他动词有的可以省译，有的作为次要动词进行词性转换或译成非限定动词、独立主格结构，打破汉语的时间或事理顺序，运用英语所富有的各种关系词或关系手段，适当地将它们嫁接到句子的中心主干上，形成空间立体布局，使句子语义层次分明。当然，在将连动式结构译成英文时，若有两个或以上动词都该是英译文中的谓语动词，则应将其译成并列谓语。但译文谓语动词如果铺排过多，就会显得很累赘，语义层次很不分明，带有浓厚的汉语色彩，这时，应首先采取断句处理。

总之，动词汉译英的过程就是由“动态”向“静态”转化、由展开型句法结构向浓缩型句法结构转化的过程，也体现了由汉民族思维方式向英民族思维方式转化的过程。这个过程完成得好，译文就符合英语语言的规范，这个过程完成得不好，译文就会汉化，妨碍了原文内容的确切表达。我们的学生动辄用动词写英语句子，而且多是小短句或简单的复合句，带有浓厚的汉语气息，主要是受汉语“动态”修辞的影响。因此在汉译英教学中，我们一定要引导学生用英语的“静态”修辞进行思维，克服汉语“动态”修辞的影响，为汉译英实践打下良好的基础。

参考文献

1、加拿大英语文学在中国的译介(1949—2009)——兼论社会文化对文学翻译的制约朱振武; 綦亮上海大学学报(社会科学版)

时光飞逝，就快要毕业了，对于毕业，你有什么感想吗?用英语写下你的感想吧。下面是我为你整理的关于初三毕业的英语作文，希望对你有帮助!

Good afternoon, ladies and gentlemen, my dear teachers and fellow graduates,

It is a great honor for me to make a speech on behalf of the graduating class of 2008.

It has been three great years for us to study in this beautiful school. Our teachers always try to make their lessons lively and interesting. We have learned a lot over these years, but we could hardly succeed without our teachers’ effort, our parents’ support, and our classmates’ help. At this moment, I’d like to thank all of you for what you have done for us.

I wish our school more beautiful and all of us a wonderful future!

Goodbye, our beautiful school, our dear teachers and our friends!

Thank you for listening.

How time flies! I have studied in my school for three years. And I will graduate from middle school in a month. I am eager to share my happiness and sadness with you. I had so many memories in three years’ life. On of them impressed me very much. I still remember, when I began to learn English, I found it too difficult. No matter how hard I tried, I still couldn’t do well in it and almost gave it up. As soon as my English teacher found my problem, she had a talk with me about how to learn English well. Since then, she has kept helping me. Little by little, I’ve become interested in English and I’m good at it. I think I am so lucky to become one of her students. I’ve learned a lot from her. I will try to help others when they are in trouble. I think it is a happy thing to help others.

Our life in middle school will come to an end soon. Ill never forget you. You are an outgoing boy. Theres always a smile on your face and everybody likes to make friends with you. We used to play basketball on the playground. Sometimes we went to the park and had a good time there. I always laughed a lot when I was with you. At this very moment Im saying goodbye to you, I just want to give you my best wishes:

I hope you are happy and healthy forever.

I hope you are successful in the future.

I was hard at it, but I have little progress. I'm not good at reading and writing, so I must be doing something in it more. Every morning I will read aloud three short story, and keeps a diary in English. I will remember my English teacher's advice, "if you want to learn English well, the best way is to use it every day.

关于初三英语论文范文资料

初三的英语作文是中考英语的重点题型之一，所以通常大家都会直接在初三一开始就对这个知识点进行备考，我在这里整理了相关资料，希望能帮助到您。

【典型例题】

为了交流学习经验，提高学习效率，某初中英语学习报正在举办以“how to be a good learner”为题的征文比赛，请踊跃投稿。

【优秀范文】

How to be a good learner

To be a good learner, we should have good habits and ways of learning.

We need to get ready for our lessons before class and always listen carefully in class. After class, we must go over the lessons and finish our homework on time. It’s good to study in groups and help each other. We should do more reading in our free time. If we have any problems, we’d better ask others for help. As a student, working hard is important, but don’t forget to do sports and keep healthy.

I think all above is helpful to us to be a good learner.

【典型例题】

假如你是李磊，你的美国笔友Tom对中国传统文化很感兴趣。请你用英语给他写一封80 词左右的电子邮件。介绍一两个中国的传统节日、如春节、中秋节等。

【优秀范文】

Dear Tom

I am very glad to tell you something about spring festival.

It’s a traditional festival in china. It comes in winter.

It’s time to get new. We usually clean and decorate our houses carefully before it comes. I always help my mother clean the windows and wash the clothes. We put on Chunlian on the doors and chuanghua on the windows.

It’s time to say goodbye to the last year, and say hello to the New Year. Everyone goes home to get together with their families, no matter how far it is. They must have dinner together on that day. They must visit their relatives and friends and say “Happy New Year” to them. When the kids greet their grandparents, they can get money.

【典型例题】

请你以Changes in people’s life 为题描述最近几年人们生活上的变化。词数80词左右。

提示：1. 人们的联系方式、娱乐方式的改变

2. 人们的出行方式及居住环境的改变

【优秀范文】

Changes in people’s life

Great changes have taken place in people’s life in the last few years.

In a word, people live better than before.

【典型例题】

假如你是韩梅，远在美国的笔友Linda给你写信了，信中，Linda向你了解中国有什么着名小吃。请根据表格提示给Linda回信。

民间小吃：糖葫芦(tanghulu)

原料：山楂(haw),有些地方的糖葫芦用草莓(strawberry)、葡萄(grape)，甚至小苹果等制成

历史渊源据说：宋代(the song dynasty)一位皇帝的妻子曾因吃了糖葫芦治好了病，因此流传下来象征幸福和团员

【优秀范文】

Dear Linda,

You asked me what famous snacks there were in my country. Well, in my country, one of the most famous snacks is tanghulu.

Each different part of China has different tanghulu. It is usually made of haws, which are put together on a stick and covered with ice sugar. But there are more materials for tanghulu today in some places, such as strawberries, grapes, and even little apples.

It is said that tanghulu ever saved the life of an emperor’s wife in the Song Dynasty. It was so delicious and healthy that many Chinese people like eating it. It is now seen as the bright symbols of happiness and reunion.

Are you looking forward to eating it? Come to my country, and I’ll treat you to tanghulu.

【典型例题】

计算机在我们的生活、工作中的作用越来越大，你知道计算机的起源与发展吗?请结合计算机的发明时间(1946年)、外形、用途等方面，谈一下它的发展变化，并说明你对未来计算机的畅想。

【优秀范文】

Computer

Computers are becoming more and more important in our daily life. Do you know when the computer was invented?

It’s hard to imagine what our life would be like without computers. I think computers will be more convenient and they are going to change our life completely in the near future.

【典型例题】

国有国法，校有校规。在你的学校中一定有很多的规章制度规范同学们的行为。请你写一篇短文，向大家介绍一两条校规或校纪，并谈一下自己的看法。

【优秀范文】

There are many rules in our school.

At our school we have to wear uniforms every day. The problem is that all my classmates think the uniforms are ugly. I think young people should look smart, so I’d like to wear my own clothes. If we have to wear uniforms, we should be allowed to design our own uniforms. That would be a good way to keep both teachers and students happy.

Although we have different views on the rules, I think everyone should obey the school rules.

【典型例题】

你在上学的路上捡到了一件T-shirt，它是你校某位同学的。请根据以下提示做出一个合理的推断，并把推断的经过和结果写出来。可适当发挥，词数80词左右。

提示：

1. Mary和Sally的T恤衫都丢了

2. T恤衫上有长头发

3. T恤衫口袋里有一张信用卡和一张刘德华的照片

【优秀范文】

Oh，look! There is a T-shirt here. It’s a school T-shirt. The owner must be a student.

Mary and sally lost their T-shirt. Could it be Mary’s or Sally’s? There is long hair on the T-shirt. But both of them have long hair. There is a photo of Liu Dehua in the pocket. Sally likes Liu Dehua very much, but Mary’s favorite star is Sun Yanzi. So, it belongs to sally. There is credit card too. Then, it must be sally’s school T-shirt because she is the only person who has a credit card in our school.

【典型例题】

假如你叫李明，是一名中学生，经常收听由美国主持人Philip主持的音乐节目，请根据内容要点提示，用英语给主持人写一封信。

要点：1. 你很喜欢这个节目，特别是节目播放的歌词很优美，是很棒的英语歌曲。

2. 在你学习感到疲劳时，会打开收音机听这个节目。

3. 从节目中你学到了很多单词。

4 告诉他你最喜欢的是什么类型的音乐，请他帮助你介绍一些相关的歌手和CD。

【优秀范文】

Dear Philip,

My name is Li Ming. I am a middle school student. I often Listen to your program at night. I like it very much,especilly the English songs.

I like the English songs that have great lyrics. Every night , I will turn on the radio and listen to your program when I feel tired. It helps me relax myself. By the way，I have learnt many English words from these songs.

At last, I like singers who can sing clearly and write their own songs. Can you introduce me some singers and their CDs? You can send me e-mail at Liming@.

I am looking forward to hearing you. Thank you very much!

Yours

Li Ming

【典型例题】

假如你是苏敏，你的美国笔友Tina发来电子邮件，说她下周要来中国，但对中国的风俗习惯、见面礼仪及餐桌礼仪了解很少，于是向你寻求帮助，请你给她回一封电子邮件，告诉她有关中国风俗习惯、见面礼仪及餐桌礼仪的情况。

提示：

1. 风俗习惯的不同：中国人第一次见面时握手;

2. 见面时谈论的内容;

3. 餐桌礼仪的不同：我们用筷子就餐;就餐时不能用筷子指着别人;就餐时不可以多说话等。

【优秀范文】

Dear Tina,

I’m very happy to hear that you’re coming to china next week. I hope to see you soon.

As we all know, different countries have different customs. So the manners in China are very different from those in your country. Let me tell you something about customs and manners in our country.

First, we Chinese are supposed to shake hands when we meet for the first time. Then we greet each other. After that, you can talk about something relaxing. But you are not supposed to talk about someone’s salary, age and so on. Second, we use chopsticks to have meals while you use your forks at table. Also, it’s bad manners to talk too much when you’re having meals.

I hope you’ll have a wonderful time in our country.

【典型例题】

每个人都有幸运和不幸的时候，在你的记忆中，你所经历的最糟糕的一天是什么样的?写出你的经历过程和感受。要求语句通顺，语法正确，不少于80词。开头已给出，不计入总词数。

【优秀范文】

I still remember the bad day I have experienced clearly.

It was a Friday. I woke up late because my clock didn't go off. I felt very nervous. I might be late for school. When I got to school，the teacher was having a class. I felt afraid. As a result，the teacher punished me. I was very sad. By the time we had English class，I found I had left my English book at home. So I had to borrow one.

After lunch，I fought with my classmate because of some small teacher kicked me off the classroom and sent me home. I knew I let my parents down. I also felt I wasn't a good child. I didn't feel like eating dinner and went to bed.

That night I thought about these things carefully and decided to make a change. I believed I could be a good boy soon.

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在初中时，你们英语课上有接触过议论文吗?下面是我给大家整理的初中英语议论文写作，供大家参阅!

Television has come into our life for many years.

We can’t live happily without television. Jt can give us the latest information and news. It can open up our eyes and enlarge our knowledge. We can get happiness from the plays on television. We’ll be boring all day if there is no television. Television programs are attractive. After a whole day’s hard worlk we can sit before the television and drink a cup of tea. How wonderful it is!

Television is also bad for people’s health. It’s bad for you to watch TV too long, especially bad for your eyes.

It is true that watching TV can influence our behavior. However, it depends on what we do.

We are middle school students and we are busy with our lessons. So some people think we should concentrate more on our studies. If we volunteer to help others, it’s a waste of time. But I think volunteering is great. I not only feel good about helping others but also get to spend time doing what I love to do. And from volunteering I have learned many things that I have never learned in class. So if I have an oppoutunity, I’d like to visit old people’s home to clean up for them. I’d also like to help sick kids in hospital. I love kids and I plan to put my love to good use by working in hospital. In a word, I’d like to help people who need help. If everyone helps out a bit, the world will be more colorful.

Internet shopping is a new way of shopping. It offers a lot of advantages. The most important one is convenience. You can shop whenever you like because the online shops are open 24 hours a day. And you don’t have to queue with others. And it is often cheaper to buy goods through the Internet and it is also easy to find what you are looking for.

There are some disadvantages, too. You can not see the products or check their qualities. Besides you can not enjoy walking around the shops and talking with your friends.

8Should We Keep the Students in School All the Time?

Hello, we should keep the students in school all the time is a hot topic among educationists,teachers and teachers think that in order to let the students have more time for their lessons and develop their good behaviors,the schools are supposed to be sealed off,so the students can't go out and have to stay at some teachers and the students hold a different believe that would cause some students will have no time for relax,doing something they like,and that would do harm to their health,as well as their my mind,I don't think it's a good way to keep the students in school all day every one of us,need time and places for do not keep the students in school all the time,for our students and education,

That's all,thank you.

As the old saying goes(正如老话所言), a life without a friend is a life without a sun.(生活没有了朋友就像没有了太阳).But some people may say,we teenagers may let our friends talk us into doing bad as to pleased their so called "friend".This is because we teenagers are lack of the self-control ability.

I like staying with friends. Because friends are always give me a helping hand when in course, I will treasure(珍惜) my friendship no matter what.

10In modern society, people tend to be self-centered. Yet in my opinion, helping others should still be encouraged.

First of all, when you give a hand to a person in need, not only will he be free from the trouble but you will also feel good helping him.

Apart from that, helping others facilitates an efficient civilization. After the threshold of the new century of information explosion, it's not enough to perform on one's own any more. Teamgeist and cooperation are gaining importance.

Thus from the above mentioned two reasons, i hold the opinion that helping others benefit the most.