全英文论文简单

一、引出开头1：It is well-known to us that……（我们都知道……）==As far as my knowledge is concerned, …（就我所知…）2：Recently the problem of…… has been brought into focus. ==Nowadays there is a growing concern over ……（最近……问题引起了关注）3：Nowadays（overpopulation）has become a problem we have to face.（现今，人口过剩已成为我们不得不面对的问题）4：Internet has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life. It has brought a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well.（互联网已在我们的生活扮演着越来越重要的角色，它给我们带来了许多好处但也产生了一些严重的问题）5：With the rapid development of science and technology，more and more people believe that……（随着科技的迅速发展，越来越多的人认为……）6：It is a common belief that……==It is commonly believed that……（人们一般认为……）7：A lot of people seem to think that……（很多人似乎认为……）8:It is universally acknowledged that + 句子（全世界都知道...）二、表达不同观点1：People's views on……vary from person to person. Some hold that……However, others believe that……（人们对……的观点因人而异，有些人认为……然而其他人却认为……）2：People may have different opinions on……（人们对……可能会持有不同见解）3：Attitudes towards （drugs）vary from person to person.==Different people hold different attitudes towards（failure）（人们对待吸毒的态度因人而异）4:There are different opinions among people as to……（对于……人们的观点大不相同）三、表示结尾1：In short, it can be said that……（总之，他的意思是……）2：From what has been mentioned above, we can come to the conclusion that……（从上面提到的，我们可以得出结论……）3：Taking all these factors into consideration, we naturally/reasonably come to the conclusion that……（把所有的这些因素加以考虑，我们自然可以得出结论……）4：Hence/Therefore, we'd better come to the conclusion that……（因此，我们最好的出这样的结论……）5:There is no doubt that (job-hopping)has its drawbacks as well as merits.（毫无疑问，跳槽有优点也有缺点）6：All in all, we cannot live without……,but at the same time we must try to find out new ways to cope with the problems that would arise.（总之，我们没有……无法生活，但同时我们必须寻求新的解决办法来面对可能出现的新问题）四、提出建议1：It is high time that we put an end to the (trend).（该是我们停止这一趋势的时候了）2：There is no doubt that enough concern must be paid to the problem of……（毫无疑问，对……问题应予以足够重视）3：Obviously ,if we want to do something … it is essential that……（显然，如果我们想要做么事，很重要的是……）4：Only in this way can we ……（只有这样，我们才能……）5：Sparenoeffortto+V（不遗余力的）五、预示后果1：Obviously，if we don't control the problem, the chances are that……will lead us in danger.（很明显，如果我们不能控制这一问题，很有可能我们会陷入危险）2：No doubt, unless we take effective measures, it is very likely that ……（毫无疑问，除非我们采取有效措施，否则我们很可能会……）3：It is urgent that immediate measures should be taken to stop the situation（很紧迫的是应立即采取措施阻止这一事态的发展）六、表示论证1：From my point of view, it is more reasonable to support the first opinion rather than the second.(在我看来，支持第一种观点比第二种更有道理)2：I cannot entirely agree with the idea that……（我无法完全同意这一观点）3：As far as I am concerned/In my opinion,……（就我来说……）4：I sincerely believe that……==I am greatly convinced (that)子句.（我真诚地相信……）5：Finally, to speak frankly, there is also a more practical reason why ……（最后，坦率地说，还有另外一个实际的原因……）七、给出原因1：The reason why + 句子 ~~~ is that + 句子（...的原因是...） 2:This phenomenon exists for a number of reasons .First,…….Second,…….Third，……。这一现象存在有很多原因的，第一……第二……第三……3：For one thing,…… For another thing，…… ==On the one hand,……On the other hand……一方面……另一方面……4：I quite agree with the statement that……The reasons are chiefly as follows.我十分赞同这一论述，即……。其主要原因如下。八、列出解决办法和批判错误观点做法1：The best way to solve the troubles is……解决这些麻烦的最好办法是……2：As far as something is concerned,……就某事而言，……3;It is obvious that……很显然……4：It may be true that……but it doesn't mean that……可能……是对的，但这并不意味着……5;It is natural to believe that……but we shouldn't ignore that……认为……是自然的，但我们不应忽视……6：There is no evidence to suggest that……没有证据表明……九、表示好处和坏处1：It has the following advantages.它有如下优势2：It is beneficial/harmful to us.==It is of great benefit/harm to us.它对我们有益处3:It has more disadvantages than advantage.他有很多不足之处十、表示重要、方便、可能1：It is important(necessary/difficult/convenient/possible)for sb to do sth.对于某人做……是……2：It plays an important role in our life.十一、采取措施1：We should take some effective measures.我们应该采取有效措施2：We should try our best to overcome/conquer the difficulties.我们应该尽最大努力去克服困难3：We should do our utmost in doing sth.我们应该尽力去做……4：We should solve the problems that we are confronted/faced with.我们应该解决我们面临的困难十二、显示变化1：Some changes have taken place in the past five years.过去五年发生了很多变化2：Great changes will certainly be produced in the international communications.在国际交流中理所当然会发生很多大的变化3：It has increased/decreased from…to…他已经从…增加/减少到…4：The output of July in this factory increased by 15%.这个工厂7月份产量以增加了15%十三、表明事实现状1;We cannot ignore the fact that……我们不能忽略这个事实……2：No one can deny the fact that……没人能否认这个事实……3：This is a phenomenon that many people are interested （与...息息相关）十四、进行比较1：Compared with A,B……与A比较，B……2;I prefer to read rather than watch TV.十五、常用英语谚语1：Actions speak louder than words.事实胜于雄辩2：All is not gold that glitters.发光的未必都是金子3：All roads lead to Rome.条条大路通罗马4：A good beginning is half done.良好的开端是成功的一半5：Every advantage has its disadvantage有利必有弊6：A miss is as good as a mile.失之毫厘，差之千里7：Failure is the mother of success.失败是成功之母8:Industry is the parent of success.勤奋是成功之母9:It is never too old to learn.活到老，学到老10:Knowledge is power.知识就是力量11:Nothing in the world is difficult for one who sets his mind to it.世上无难事，只怕有心人

Published in 1847, WUTHERING HEIGHTS was not well received by the reading public, many of whom condemned it as sordid, vulgar, and unnatural--and author Emily Bronte went to her grave in 1848 believing that her only novel was a failure. It was not until 1850, when WUTHERING HEIGHTS received a second printing with an introduction by Emily's sister Charlotte, that it attracted a wide readership. And from that point the reputation of the book has never looked back. Today it is widely recognized as one of the great novels of English literature. Even so, WUTHERING HEIGHTS continues to divide readers. It is not a pretty love story; rather, it is swirling tale of largely unlikeable people caught up in obsessive love that turns to dark madness. It is cruel, violent, dark and brooding, and many people find it extremely unpleasant. And yet--it possesses a grandeur of language and design, a sense of tremendous pity and great loss that sets it apart from virtually every other novel written. The novel is told in the form of an extended flashback. After a visit to his strange landlord, a newcomer to the area desires to know the history of the family--which he receives from Nelly Deans, a servant who introduces us to the Earnshaw family who once resided in the house known as Wuthering Heights. It was once a cheerful place, but Old Earnshaw adopted a "Gipsy" child who he named Heathcliff. And Catherine, daughter of the house, found in him the perfect companion: wild, rude, and as proud and cruel as she. But although Catherine loves him, even recognizes him as her soulmate, she cannot lower herself to marry so far below her social station. She instead marries another, and in so doing sets in motion an obsession that will destroy them all. WUTHERING HEIGHTS is a bit difficult to "get into;" the opening chapters are so dark in their portrait of the end result of this obsessive love that they are somewhat off-putting. But they feed into the flow of the work in a remarkable way, setting the stage for one of the most remarkable structures in all of literature, a story that circles upon itself in a series of repetitions as it plays out across two generations. Catherine and Heathcliff are equally remarkable, both vicious and cruel, and yet never able to shed their impossible love no matter how brutally one may wound the other. As the novel coils further into alcoholism, seduction, and one of the most elaborately imagined plans of revenge it gathers into a ghostly tone: Heathcliff, driven to madness by a woman who is not there but who seems reflected in every part of his world--dragging her corpse from the grave, hearing her calling to him from the moors, escalating his brutality not for the sake of brutality but so that her memory will never fade, so that she may never leave his mind until death itself. Yes, this is madness, insanity, and there is no peace this side of the grave or even beyond. Many people in the world are trying to find a perfect of these may marry and not know what their new husband or wife is kind of situation often leads to separation or hostility. Other situations may develop between two friends that stem from jealousy, desire for revenge, uncaring parents, etc. Emily Brontë's Wuthering Heights displays several characteristics of destructive relationships. Three of these are uncaring parents, marriage without knowing the person, and jealousy. Uncaring or unsympathizing parents are shown throughout this story to be an element of destructive relationships. Because Heathcliff gained all the attention from Mr. Earnshaw, Hindley became disassociated from his father. This separation continued until after Mr. Earnshaw had example is between Hindley and Hareton. Hindley became such a drunk and a gambler that he could not properly care for young Hareton. This led to a separation between Hareton and his father as well. One primary example of an uncaring parent is shown between Heathcliff and his son did not even want his son for anything except enacting a part of his revenge. This is shown by Linton's fear of Heathcliff and Heathcliff's enmity toward his son. Linton even says "... my father threatened me, and I dread him - I dread him!"(244) to express his feeling about hostility and separation between father and son in this book shows that uncaring parents can cause serious damage in relationships with their children. This element of destructive behavior may stem from an unhappy marriage in which the husbands or wives don't know each other. This had happened between Isabella and Heathcliff. Isabella did not really know Heathcliff when she married him, but after she had married him she saw that Heathcliff was not a gentleman at all. To declare her feelings she wrote "Is Heathcliff a man? If so, is he mad? And if not, is he a devil? I shan't tell my reasons for making this inquiry; but I beseech you to explain, if you can, what I have married ..."(125). Another example of this is when Catherine married Edgar Linton. Although she had been happy at the beginning of the marriage, she thought having parties all the time was going to be fun. Yet, after a while, she became bored. She also realized that she loved Heathcliff more than Edgar and would always love enlightenment created separation between Edgar and Catherine during the final hours of Cathy's life. An additional marriage which was made that was doomed was the one between Catherine and Linton. Because this was a forced marriage, Cathy had not yet learned all she could about she did not know until after the marriage that Linton was selfish and inconsiderate, she became distressed and grew isolated in the three failed marriages described in this novel show that knowing the person you will marry is very these marriages took place, jealousy also took a hold in some relationships. One example of this is when Mr. Earnshaw starts to favor Heathcliff over his own son, Hindley. Because of this, Hindley becomes jealous of young Heathcliff and sets out to make Heathcliff's life a nightmare. Hindley's jealousy becomes evident when he says ,"... be damned you beggarly interloper! and wheedle my father out of all he has; only afterwards show him what you are, imp of Satan."(35). Jealousy was also found very notably in the relationship between Heathcliff and Edgar Linton. The jealousy between them is expressed when Heathcliff and Edgar start a hostile conversation after Cathy's homecoming at Christmas near the beginning of the book. As the story progresses these two become bitter enemies who will not speak to one another. Another relationship which jealousy ruined is the one between Hareton and Linton. These two become jealous of each other over Cathy's affections. This relationship ends as Hareton and Linton hating each other. These relationships show that jealousy can ruin a relationship very quickly. The housekeeper Ellen Dean, or we can call her Nelly, tells most of the story. She witnesses the life of the three-generations in the two families. She is a good storyteller but we mustn’t believe all of what she said. She always thinks and considers things in a simple way. She couldn’t understand the deep love between Catherine and Heathcliff. She thinks it is a kind of madness. She is a limited narrator. In a certain way, this helps readers to understand Heathcliff better because he has no chance to defend himself. An outsider will see the whole thing more clearly. However, we should pay more attention not to be affect by her opinions and try to find the truth between the lines. As a main character Catherine is a paradox. She is attracted by Linton but doesn’t love him. She knows that clearly but she marries Linton without listening to the call of her heart. Many critics believe that what makes her marry Linton is only his high social status and wealth. I think this comment is unfair. In fact, she folly thinks to marry Linton will help Heathcliff “to rise and place him out of my brother’s power.” Her decision ruins herself, Heathcliff and the two families. She has to endure serious suffering because she knows clearly she love Heathcliff whole-heartedly but can’t become his wife. She confesses to Nelly her own thoughts: “…I am Heathcliff—he’s always, always in my mind—not as a pleasure, any more than I am always a pleasure to myself—but as my own being…” She loves Heathcliff because he is more like her than herself. His existence is natural to her for they are the same in nature. They could understand each other without obstacles. Talking about Heathcliff, he is an evil person but I admire him because his love and hate is straight. Everyone has a devil in his heart. The one in Heathcliff’s heart is especially strong. In spite of this, I believe and can read between the lines that Amily Bronte also has her favor to Heathcliff. She wants to tell us evil and love are deeply planted in everyone’s heart and it is human nature.

给你个翻译网站呢：你只要先把问题翻译出来，再把你想说的中文（论文）翻译出来就行了。放心，你绝对看得懂！o(∩_∩)o...~★~多给我点追加分哦~☆~（不过，小妹这网站只为了应急，建议你还是自己写比较好……瞒得了初一瞒不过十五啊！你得为你自己以后打算啊……）

Recently,the problem of__________has aroused people's concern. However, different people hold different attitudes toward. A lot of people seem to think that__________________ There is no doubt that enough concern must be paid to the problem does us much harm(good)I quite agree with the statement that ________________,The reason are chiefly as follows, to start with___________,in addition_________,perhaps the primary reason is ___________,It has more advantages than disadvantages(disadvantages thanadvantages)。In my opinion, Taking all these factors into consideration, We naturally came to the conclusion that_________________. Obviously, it is high time that we took some measures to solve the problem. 最近，_______问题已引起人们的关注，然而，人们的态度各不相同，很多人似乎以为_________ 毫无疑问，对________问题应该给予足够的重视。它对我们很有坏处（好处）。我十分赞同这一论述_________________，主要的原因包括_____________一个原因是_________ 另一个原因_________或许最主要的是_________________.它的利多弊少。弊多利少在我的观点，把所有这些因素加以考虑，我们自然会得出结论_______________________。显然，现在我们提出解决问题方案正是时候。

英文文章简单

在英语学习的过程，写作能力是锻炼英语水平能力的一个方式，那么你知道该如何去进行英语写作呢？下面是我给大家整理的英语作文精简范文五篇_英语作文万能模板，欢迎大家借鉴与参考，希望对大家有所帮助。

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英语作文1

Dear Chris

I'm Li Hua, the monitor of Class One Grade Eleven.

I ' m very excited about your coming to our school next term as an exchange student.

Firstly, I'd like to tell you about the weather in my city, which is often windy and cold in winter. So you should bring your warm clothes. Secondly, would you mind eating noodles? Because people here mainly live on wheat flour. However, don't worry about it. You will have no difficulty in finding western food. Thirdly, I want to introduce our class to you. The teachers in our school are not only experienced and knowledgeable, but also patient and understanding. Everyone in my class is active. I hope you will soon become a member of our Class.

l'm looking forward to your coming.

Yours

Li Hua

英语作文2

Good afternoon, my dear friends.

My name is Li Hua. Today I am very glad to have the chance to run for the vice president of the English Club. I feel qualified to take the job. Not only have I gained a lot of experience from my job as monitor but I am also good at organizing activities.

Looking in the future, I will try my best to assist the president and serve my fellow students if I am lucky enough to be the vice president. For one thing, I will organize some campus activities, like "English Evening", a platform where students can show their English. For another, I will organize more activities to enhance the interschool communication.

I sincerely hope YO u will give me a chance.

Thank you.

英语作文3

Dear Sarah,

Thank you for your letter asking about the rebuilt of Qianmen Street. Here is something about it. Qianen Street is a famous street of over 600 years old. Along this 800-metre street, there are more than 300 shops.

As the street is in the center of Beijing, just to the south of Tian'anmen Square, it's very convenient to get there by bus. You may take buses NO. 11, 69 or 59!Subway Line 2 has a stop there too. Qianmen Street is a pedestrian street, but there are trolley cars to take you not only to the shops, but also to the theaters and teahouses where you can experience a truly Chinese way of life. I'm sure you'll like it.

Yours

Li Hua

英语作文4

Dear Andy,

I am glad to learn that you are coming to China and will stay at my home. My parents and I are very pleased to have you with us. Now let me tell you what we have arranged for you.

I know the school will organize a lot of things for you to do in the morning, but in the afternoon show you around and take you to some places of interest. We'll mostly stay at home in the evening watching TV, playing games, and meeting people.

I'm sure we'll have a wonderful time and enjoy each other's company. l'm looking forward very much to meeting you soon.

Yours,

Li Hua

英语作文5

Reading Interests of Senior Middle School Students

Recently, a survey has been on to find out the reading interests of senior middle school students.

ln this survey, one thousand senior middle school students from ten schools in Hubei Province were interviewd. They were asked which they liked reading most among the four categories of English articles: news, stories, popular science articles and articles about learning methods.

The survey shows that more than half of the students like to read news most. Twenty-six percent of the students say that English stories are their favorite. Only seven percent of the students are most interested in reading articles about learning methods. However, the number of the students who enjoy reading popular science articles doubles that of those who prefer reading articles about learning methods.

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从简单的文章开始学习阅读会比一开始就接触较难的文章让人更容易坚持下去，下面是我带来的一些文章，欢迎阅读!

简单英语文章一

"We are reading the first verse of the first chapter of a book whose pages are infinite..."

I do not know who wrote those words, but I have always liked them as a reminder that the future can be anything we want to make it. We can take the mysterious, hazy future and carve out of it anything that we can imagine, just as a sculptor carves a statue from a shapeless stone.

We are all in the position of the farmer. If we plant a good seed, we reap a good harvest. If our seed is poor and full of weeds, we reap a useless crop. If we plant nothing at all, we harvest nothing at all.

I want the future to be better than the past. I don’t want it contaminated by the mistakes and errors with which history is filled. We should all be concerned about the future because that is where we will spend the remainder of our lives.

The past is gone and static. Nothing we can do will change it. The future is before us and dynamic. Everything we do will affect it. Each day brings with it new frontiers, in our homes and in our business, if we only recognize them. We are just at the beginning of the progress in every field of human endeavor.

简单英语文章二

No living creature can laugh except man. Trees may bleed when they are wounded, and beasts in the field will cry in pain and hunger, yet only I have the gift of laughter and it is mine to use whenever I choose. Henceforth I will cultivate the habit of laughter. I will smile and my digestion will improve; I will chuckle and my burdens will be lightened; I will laugh and my life will be lengthened for this is the great secret of long life and now it is mine.

I will paint this day with laughter; I will frame this night in song. Never will I labor to be happy; rather will I remain too busy to be sad. I will enjoy today's happiness today. It is not grain to be stored in a box. It is not wine to be saved in a jar. It cannot be saved for the morrow. It must be sown and reaped on the same day and this I will do, henceforth.

And with my laughter all things will be reduced to their proper size. I will laugh at my failures and they will vanish in clouds of new dreams; I will laugh at my successes and they will shrink to their true value. I will laugh at evil and it will die untasted; I will laugh at goodness and it will thrive and abound. Each day will be triumphant only when my smiles bring forth smiles from others and this l do in selfishness, for those on whom l flown are those who purchase not my goods.

简单英语文章三

The only problem unconsciously assumed by all Chinese philosophers to be of any importance is: How shall we enjoy life, and who can best enjoy life? No perfectionism, no straining after the unattainable, no postulating of he unknowable; but taking poor, modal human nature as it is, how shall we organize our life so that we can woke peacefully, endure nobly and live happily?

Who are we? That is first question. It is a question almost impossible to answer. But we all agree with the busy self occupied in our daily activities is not quite the real self. We are quite sure we have lost something in the mere pursuit of living. When we watch a person running about looking for something in a field, the wise man can set a puzzle for all the spectator to solve: what has that person lost? Some one thinks is a watch; another thinks it is a diamond brooch; and others will essay other guesses. After all the guesses have failed, the wise man who really doesn't know what the person is seeking after, tells the company:" I'll tell you. He has lost some breath." And no one can deny that he is right. So we often forget our true self in the pursuit of living, like a bird forgetting its own danger in pursuit of a mantis which again forgets its own danger in pursuit of another.

篇1

I have a best friend, we know each other when we are five years old, now we talk about everything. But sometimes we will have the argument, none of us want to give in first.

We make a deal that the next day we will meet in a place every time, so we become good again. I cherish our friendship so much.

我有一个最好的朋友，我们彼此认识的时候是在我们五岁的时候，现在我们无所不谈。但有时我们会有争吵，谁也不想先屈服。

我们达成协议，第二天我们会在一个地方见面，这样我们再次和好。我珍惜我们的友谊。

篇2

I am a shy girl, when there is activity in my class, I will run away from it and try to be nobody. But in my heart, I want to be noticed and show my talent. My friend encourages me to take part in the activity, she helps me to finish the task.

At last, I become more and more confident and get along with others. I am so thankful to her for finding my confidence.

我是一个害羞的女孩，班上有活动的时候，我会逃离，让自己成为隐形人。但在我的心里，我想要得到关注，并展示我的才华。我的朋友鼓励我参加活动，她帮助我完成任务。

最后，我变得越来越自信，与他人相处得也很愉快。我很感谢她帮助我找到了自信。

篇3

Today, when I walk pass a special shop, there sells all kinds of funny things. I love them all. Then I see a thing that my father must like. But I don’t have enough money at hand, I have to make choice.

I finally decide to buy things for my father, because I think it’s value is more important. My father has bought so many things for me, now I want to do it for him.

今天，当我走过一个特别的商店时，那里有卖各种各样的有趣的东西。我爱不释手。然后我看到一样我父亲一定很喜欢的东西。但是我没有足够的钱，我必须做出选择。

最后我决定给我的父亲买东西，因为我认为它的价值更为重要。我父亲已经给我买了很多东西，现在我想为他做这些。

篇4

I like reading books so much, especially the novel books. When I start to go to school, my mother buys me the classic novel Harry Porter. I am so crazy about the movie, so I read the books very quickly.

I gain so much knowledge and broaden my vision. I enjoy the novel world, because I can see other person’s story and then learn from it.

我喜欢读书，尤其是小说方面的书。我开始上学的时候，我妈妈给我买了经典小说《哈利波特》，因为我很喜欢这部电影，所以书我也看得很快。

我获得了很多知识，拓宽自己的视野。我很享受小说的世界，因为我能看到别人的故事，然后从中学习。

篇5

My mother is the greatest person in the world. She takes care of the family and does all the housework. I never want to make her angry. But sometimes I will do something let her down and when I see her upset face, I feel painful.

So I am very strict to myself, I want to be an excellent girl and let her be proud of me. So, I can see her smile often.

我妈妈是世界上最伟大的人。她照看整个家庭，承包了所有的家务。我从来都不想惹她生气。但有时我会做一些让她失望的事情，当我看到她沮丧的脸时，我会很难受。

所以我对自己很严格，希望自己成为一个优秀的女孩，让她以我为荣。这样我就可以经常看到她的笑容了。

1、Today was Sunday and I was very happy!In the morning，I stayed at home to do my homework and watch the afternoon，I went to a park with my best were many flowers，and some birds were singing played games and talked about our last，we went home for ，I had a great time!

翻译：这天是星期天，我十分高兴！早上，我呆在家里做作业看电视。下午，我和我最好的朋友去了公园。那里有许多花儿，一些鸟还在唱歌呢、我们一齐玩游戏，谈论我们的梦想。最后，我们就回家吃晚饭了。这天玩的真的很开心！

2、Most kids like like cats，and boys like ，my favorite animal is the horses are strong，not like the tame cats or puppy look wild and hard to get ，they will be very timid and friendly after they get to know remember the way home.

They are also faithful to their even understand what you are trying to tell ’ve heard many stories about how a horse saved his master’s ;s also the reason why I love never betray you.

翻译：大多数孩子喜欢动物。男孩和女孩喜欢猫，喜欢狗。然而，我最喜欢的动物是马。马是强大的，不像温顺的猫或狗狗。他们看起来野生和难以接近。然而，他们将会十分胆小，友好的了解你之后。马还记得回家的路。他们也对他们的主人忠心耿耿。他们甚至明白你想告诉他们什么。我听说许多故事关于一匹马救了主人的命。这也是为什么我喜欢马。他们永远不会背叛你。

3、Look，I have a nice and have a small and is a big bed，a small desk，a shelf and a bed is near the is a shelf near the closet too.

Many good books are in the like the books very ，yes，There is a big board on the often write and draw pictures on the ，My bedroom is too like it very you like my bedroom?Can you tell me about your beroom，please？

翻译：看，我有一个舒适的房间，过来看一看，它小而漂亮，那有一张大床，一张小桌，一个书架和衣柜，床在桌子旁边，书架也在衣柜旁边，很多好的书都在书架上，我十分喜欢书，哦，是的，那有一个大的黑板在墙上，我经常写和画一些图片在黑板上。哦，我的卧室是太漂亮了，我十分喜欢它，你喜欢我的卧室吗，请你有告诉我你的卧室吗？

4、My best friend ’s a very funny example，he keeps his watch one hour ahead of the real says it’s because he doesn’t want to be also very honest and doesn’t need to cheat to get ahead.

In school he always gets the highest scores，but he never seems to says he studies only when nobody is likes my friend very much.

翻译：我最好的朋友我最好的朋友是。他是一个很风趣的人。比如，他把表拨快1小时，他说那是因为他不想迟到。很诚实并且聪明。他不用作弊就能够名列前茅。在学校他总是得最高分，但是他好像从来不学习。他说他只有在四周无人时才学习。每个人都十分喜欢我的朋友。

5、My classmate who called is a beautiful girl，she has long long hair and big always has a little often play like her very much.

翻译：我的同学叫丽美。她是一个美丽的女孩，她有长长的头发和大大的眼睛。她总是微笑。她有一个小弟弟。我们经常在一齐玩。我十分喜欢她。

英语文章简单

阅读是外语学习中最基本也是最重要的技能之一。所以对于高中阶段学生来说阅读水平的提高是他们英语学习过程中的重要任务。我精心收集了较简单的英语短文，供大家欣赏学习! 较简单的英语短文篇1 吸菸有害Smoking is bad for your healthy It is said that there are about half of people in China are *** young boys and girls have the habit of *** oking, though they are middle school students. As we all know, *** oking does great harm to human beings. More and more people have e to realize how serious this problem is. But they are never bored with it. Some people think it is a kind of fashion, some think it is of great fun and others think that *** oking can refresh themselves. Smoking causes many illnesses. A lot of people always cough because of *** oking. The most serious illness caused by *** oking is lung cancer. Meanwhile *** oking is a waste of money. Besides, careless *** okers may cause dangerous fires. In order to keep healthy, we should get rid of the bad habit of *** oking. Please stop *** oking at once. 据说，中国有一半人在吸菸。许多男孩和女孩都有吸菸的习惯，尽管他们还是中学生。众所周知，吸菸对人身体是有害的。越来越多的人们认识到这个问题的严重性，但他们仍然乐此不疲。一些人认为抽菸是一种时髦，一些人认为抽菸很有趣，还有一些人认为吸菸可以提神。吸菸能导致很多疾病。由于吸菸，一些人一直在咳嗽。肺癌是吸菸导致的最严重的疾病。同时，吸菸很浪费金钱。除此而外，粗心的菸民还可能引起火灾。为了保证人们的身体健康，我们应当改掉吸菸的坏习惯。请立即停止吸菸吧。较简单的英语短文篇2 失学Out of School Now more and more children in the countryside are out of school. One of the reasons is that their parents haven't much money to afford their school. They have to stay at home to earn money to support their families. What a pity! And another reason is that many parents think it is useless for girls to study and they would not like them to go to school. On the other hand, some children are not interested in their lessons and would not like to go to school. I think all the children, including girls, should have the right to receive education. We have the duty to lend them a hand when they are in trouble. All the people should pay attention to the education of children who will play a very important part in the future of our country. 现在，越来越多的农村孩子失学了。一个原因是因为他们的父母没有很多的钱供他们上学，他们不得不在家里赚钱养家。太可怜了。另外叶个原因就是很多家长都认为读书对女孩子没用，所以不让她们读书。另一方面，一些孩子对功课不感兴趣，不愿上学。我认为所有的孩子都有权利接受教育。我们有义务在他们困难时伸出手来帮助他们。人们应当重视孩子的教育问题，因为他们对国家的未来将起到非常重要的作用。较简单的英语短文篇3 Net Bar网咖 With the development of the Intemet, the net bar plays an important role in people's life. More and more people, especially students, like to go to net bars. They are absorbed in playing video games, making bad friends and having a chat with "Meimei" on the net in the bar. Some students often go on playing late into the night in the net bar. As a result, not only does it do harm to their health but also produces a bad effect on their studies. Now a lot of net bars have been shut down in Beijing. But some students go by bus to the net bars at suburbs to play. Fortunately, more and more parents and schools have realized it. Recently, more than six thousand students ensured that they would be far away from net bars in Jinzhou city, Liaoning Province. It is quite necessary for the students to get rid of the bad habit. 随着因特网的发展，网咖在人们生活中扮演了重要的角色。越来越多的人，特别是学生，愿意到网咖去，他们沉迷于在网咖玩电子游戏、结交坏朋友以及和荚眉聊天。一些学生常常在网咖玩到深夜，这些会导致学生的健康和学习问题。现在北京市已关闭了一些网咖，但是，一些学生乘车到郊区的网咖去玩。庆幸的是，越来越多的家长和学校已经意识到这点。最近，辽宁省锦州市六千多名学生保证远离网咖。学生摆脱掉这种坏习惯是非常必要的。

They are also faithful to their even understand what you are trying to tell ’ve heard many stories about how a horse saved his master’s ;s also the reason why I love never betray you.

3、Look，I have a nice and have a small and is a big bed，a small desk，a shelf and a bed is near the is a shelf near the closet too.

4、My best friend ’s a very funny example，he keeps his watch one hour ahead of the real says it’s because he doesn’t want to be also very honest and doesn’t need to cheat to get ahead.

In school he always gets the highest scores，but he never seems to says he studies only when nobody is likes my friend very much.

5、My classmate who called is a beautiful girl，she has long long hair and big always has a little often play like her very much.

翻译：我的同学叫丽美。她是一个美丽的女孩，她有长长的头发和大大的眼睛。她总是微笑。她有一个小弟弟。我们经常在一齐玩。我十分喜欢她。

英语现在已经发展成为一个在世界范围内使用最广泛的语言。下面是我带来的一篇简单的英语文章，欢迎阅读!

一篇简单的英语文章1

为生活而奋斗Strive for Life

生活就是要奋勇前进。所以，为什么不好好地利用上帝赋予我们的能力，尽量变成一个最优秀的人呢?生活、接受、面对、奋斗，这就是真实的生活。

Knowing that life truly is short and can only be lived once is probably the best line of thinkingfor inspiration. All humans live on a large planet, filled with exciting new experiences,adventures, knowledge, and a wealth of resources to help one with gaining wisdom andknowledge. To realize this and to allow life to take place in this is to responsibly live life. Are allhumans bound for foreign lands, foreign thought, or foreign experiences? No. Should allhumans hope to experience foreign lands, foreign thought, and foreign experiences?

Without question. Having a responsible, reasonable, and mature grasp, mentally, of all that isout there to enhance one’s experience in life, is one of the greatest blessings one can bestowupon himself. For knowing that the tools one has through birth need to be used and practicedwith; sharpened and prepared for more difficult and challenging use, does one truly andactively approach living life from a strong foundation.

Why should anyone try to live life in a constant motion towards becoming greater, becomingstronger, and becoming wiser and more educated? Why not? For facing life with arms crossed,brow furrowed, and expectation as a rule is, without question, a waste. Living life is all aboutstriving forward. So why not do what one can, utilizing one’s God-given tools, to become thegreatest individual one can be? Live. Accept. Face. Strive. Truly live.

为生活而奋斗

懂得生命短暂，而且只有一次，就会对生活充满热情。人们生活在一个巨大的星球上，每天都充满着新的历程，学到新的知识，掌握到大量的资源，并以此来获得智慧与知识。认识到这一点，并且如此生活，才是有质量的生活。是不是每个人都要去外国，了解外国人的想法，体验外国的生活呢?不是。但是不是每个人都应当有去外国，了解外国人的想法，体验外国的生活的想法呢?

毫无疑问，是的。作为一个有责任心、有理智、有思想、成熟的人，去增长见识无疑是对自己最好的奖赏。因为人天赋的能力应当被使用、被锻炼、被磨砺，为日后所面临的困难和挑战做准备，这就为他积极和真实地面对生活打下坚实的基础。

为什么一个人要变得更伟大、更强壮、更聪明、更有知识呢?为什么不呢?因为如果抱着手、皱着眉地对待生活，那么所有的期望都会化为泡影。生活就是要奋勇前进。所以，为什么不好好地利用上帝赋予我们的能力，尽量变成一个最优秀的人呢?生活、接受、面对、奋斗，这就是真实的生活。

一篇简单的英语文章2

日常生活中最简单的幸福小事

They say the best things in life are free。

人们常说，生命中最美妙的事情都是无价的。

A Reddit user asked people from around the world what life's most simple pleasures were, oneof which was getting in your own bed after a long journey。

一位Reddit网(超火社交新闻网站)的用户向世界各地的人们问了这样一个问题，即，你的生活中最让你感到幸福的小事是什么?有人回答说，是在长时间的旅行后躺在自家的床榻上。

Unsurprisingly, many pleasures that came out top on the list were ones that resulted in a senseof physical relief after solving annoyances or irritations。

并不出人意料的是，在人们列出的这张幸福小事清单上，许多带来幸福感的小事都与焦虑、愤怒等情绪消除后感到的身体舒松感有关。

These included extracting a popcorn kernel lodged in the teeth, back and head scratches, andalso the satisfying first sip of a drink when thirsty。

清单上的幸福小事还包括从牙齿缝里挑出了一颗吃爆米花时卡住的玉米壳，在背心上挠痒痒或者搔搔头，还有非常干渴的时候喝下第一口饮料时沁爽的感受。

Reddit users also agreed that freshly baked bread was another simple pleasure in life that madethem happy。

Reddit网上的用户们还表示，刚出炉的面包的香气也是让他们感到开心的幸福小事之一。

A shower with good water pressure was another comfortable life pleasure that Reddit userspraised。

还有网友表示，在适合的水压之下冲淋浴也是一件令人感到惬意的幸福小事。

LIFE'S SMALLEST SIMPLEST PLEASURES

生活中最微小、最简单的幸福小事

asleep while it's raining outside

窗外下着雨，安然入睡

or head scratches

挠挠背、搔搔头

shower with good water pressure

在舒适的水压下冲澡

in your own bed after a long journey

长途旅行后躺在自己的床上

baked bread

刚出炉的新鲜面包

first sip of a drink when you're thirsty

干渴的时候呷下一口饮料

goosebumps from a song

听到一首歌深受感动

someone to laugh that you admire or look up to

让一位你崇敬或敬仰的人开怀大笑

a task and finishing it

有始有终的完成一件事情

up for work, only to realise it's Saturday

早起准备上班，忽然想起今天是周六

一篇简单的英语文章3

How to Answer the Interview Question, 'Tell Me About Yourself'

如何回答面试问题“简单介绍一下自己”

It's often the first thing hiring managers ask candidates in job interviews, and the firstopportunity to really screw things up. Unsurprisingly, most of us have a really hard timesummarizing our careers, skills, and interests in the conversational equivalent of a tweet. Buthaving a job search "elevator pitch" is a really important part of acing the interview.

招聘经理在求职面试中常常问的第一个问题就是“请简单介绍一下自己”，而且这实际上也是求职者将事情搞砸的第一次机会。不足为奇的是，实际上，大多数求职者都是很不容易才总结好面试中自己职业、技能和兴趣的介绍，就像一条微博似的。但是求职中的“电梯演讲”也是通过面试的重要因素。

"People screw it up all the time," says career coach Connie Thanasoulis-Cerrachio, in aninterview with Forbes. "They think they should walk you through their entire résumé."

职业顾问Connie Thanasoulis-Cerrachio在福布斯的采访中提到“人们总是把事情搞砸。求职者总是认为面试者应当浏览简历上面的所有信息。”

Thanasoulis-Cerrachio and the other career experts Susan Adams spoke with agreed that theshort, snappy pitch is important, and said that the whole spiel shouldn't take more than thetime it takes to ride an elevator -- 30 seconds or less, in other words.

Thanasoulis-Cerrachio与另一位职业专家Susan Adams很赞同的一点就是：简介明快的演讲很重要。而且整个演讲花费的时间不能超过乘坐一层电梯所需的时间——也就是30秒之内。

What else should you keep in mind?

还需要记住什么呢?

1. Focus on what they need.

1.集中注意用人单位的需求

When you're trying to sell yourself to a prospective employer, it's tempting to concentrate onwhat you think your greatest strengths are. In fact, you're probably better off if you figure outhow to tailor your description of your experience to what the employer actually needs. They'renot going to hire you just because you're impressive; they'll hire you because you solve aproblem or fulfill a desperately needed function.

当你试图将自己推荐给未来的雇主的时候，集中思考自己最大的优势是很富有吸引力的。实际上，如果你能够揣测用人单位的实际需求，并按照需求来修改工作经验介绍，那么你的机会可能会更大。他们不会因为你给人印象深刻而雇用你;他们雇用你是因为你能够解决问题或者能够履行急需的工作职责。

2. Edit yourself.

2.编辑自己

Be prepared to go through many iterations of your pitch before you hit on the right one. Thinkof the old Mark Twain quote, "I didn't have time to write you a short letter, so I wrote you along one instead." Brevity takes time and ruthlessness.

在你想出合适的演讲稿之前，你要做好不断修改稿子的准备。想一想老马克.吐温的一句名言 “我没时间写出简洁的信，所以只好写一封长信给你。”简洁不但耗时长，而且没人情味。

3. Rehearse.

3.排练

Practice on your own in front of a mirror, or better yet, with a friend, until you can deliver yourpitch confidently and without a hitch. Ideally, it should sound organic and natural -- as if youjust happened to think it up on the spot, or as if it's always been a personal credo.

在你能够自信地、毫不费力地发表演讲之前，你需要对着镜子，最好是对着朋友练习。理想情况下，演讲应该条理清晰、比较自然——就像当场恰好刚想出来的一样或者像常用的个人信条一样。

Tell Us What You Think

告诉我们你的看法

Do you have an elevator pitch for interviews?

你为面试做过电梯演讲吗?

I started training my dog everyday when Icame home from school. It began to calm down more everyday! I taught the dog how to sit,run,walk and be quiet when I tell it week later ,the dog did not make any parents were very happy and so was I. 我每天放学回家以后，就开始训练小狗。我叫他怎样坐，怎样跑，怎样走路，并旦训练它能听懂我的命令，而小狗也变得越来越温顺了，越来越听话了。一周以后，小狗再也不闯祸了，不调皮了。爸爸妈妈看了都非常高兴，而我则更高兴。

简单的英语杂志

21世纪英语报不错~《21世纪学生英文报》“高中版”创刊于2001年，是我国第一份根据中学生的英文阅读水平和需求而设计的英语时事周报。该报广泛用由国际主流媒体和出版机构提供的独家、最新专稿，以报道国内外新闻时事热点和文化娱乐时尚为主，内容集知识性、趣味性、可读性为一体，为青少年读者奉献了一份以新闻时事为主导、贴近广大中学生的学习和生活、富有鲜明时代特色的英文报刊。2007年“高中版”按照高中年级难度分为三个级别（高一版、高二版、高三版）。

刚开始那是一股不服气，在我们那英语不好那等于是土包子，数学不好那等于智商不高。智商低忍了是吧，土包子可不能忍，于是我尤其努力学英语。我还记得，我居然有段时间，每天五点半起床在阳台上背单词，背了课本的单词，就背大学四级单词，后来背大学六级单词；然后中午背英语美文，我还记得是新东方出版的，名字叫《生而为赢》，收录三十篇英语世界的经典短文。都是生词和看不懂的句式，我不管，都背下来默写下来了。然后订了一堆的英语杂志，我记得有《英语沙龙》、《新东方英语》、《疯狂英语》，这些杂志有些是有配套的录音的，所以经常一边听一边看。周末参加新东方课外补习，我记得是每天连上五个小时，上得我都快吐了。然后用MP3下载《美国之声》VOA，先听SPECIAL VOA，之后是正常的VOA,然后是BBC，刚开始真听不懂。别人和我说，英语听多了就懂了，我当时就想回一句，你天天听狗叫，你听懂它说什么了吗？不过，随着各方面的积累，慢慢地的确听懂了。那时候还开始看英文小说，都是特别简单脑残的，类似中文的青春言情小说，用词简单，情节弱智，但是我的阅读速度迅速地提高。当然周末还会看一场英文电影。这些都是我高一干的，我入学英语是120左右，到高一结束的时候，我的英语已经维持在140了。如果你不曾像我这样努力过，那你别跟我说，我英语140分是靠天分。说道英语，我看很多意见都让大家多听多看。我觉得这是有道理的。北京很多外国人，专门从国外跑到中国待一年，干嘛呢？学中文。只有在这个中文环境里面，每天听每天说每天看，中文才能进步；不然在美国学几年中文，其实什么也没学到。英语也是一样的。可能有同学和我说，哪有那么多时间专攻英语呀？那你先看看我的时间吧。我是早上背半个小时的单词，中午背二十分钟的课文，傍晚跑步的时候听英文歌，晚上累的时候看一点英语脑残小说或者看看英语杂志。睡前用MP3听十五分钟到三十分钟的英语听力。周末看个英语电影，或者继续看英语小说或英语杂志。这些都是零碎的时间，但是看出来了吗，我在坚持；还有更重要的是，兴趣，从刚开始的不服气，越努力，我越喜欢英语。其实学习就是这样的，你不努力，那就是体会不到吸取新知识的乐趣；当你努力了，你就会爱上你为之奋斗的东西。

有啊，多着：英语世界、英语广场、英语沙龙、疯狂英语、英语周刊、英语画报

适合学英语国外刊物有哪些

阅读英文杂志可以扩大词汇量、学到词汇的地道用法、文章的论述方式，还可以扩大知识面?这些都不重要!最最最最最最重要的是，有些英文杂志是雅思阅读文章的题库!

基础读物

Reader's Digest

《读者文摘》

适用人群：

英语初、中级水平学习者及考研党。

主要特点：

内容包罗万象，走温情路线。

官网：

推荐理由：

作为美国发行量最大的月刊，《读者文摘》(Reader's Digest)擅长打温情牌，“用持久的、人性的东西打败了时尚的、热点的东西”。

《读者文摘》不是快餐类读物，不追求热点。该杂志内容包罗万象，题材广泛，涉及健康保健、大众科学、体育运动、美食烹饪、旅游休闲、金融与政治、家居与园艺、艺术与娱乐、商业与文化等多个方面。

同时，由于内容具有思考价值、探讨性和实用性，中国英语考试中有不少题目和材料来源于这本杂志。

Vanity Fair

《名利场》

适用人群：

时尚圈人士、中产阶级和英语学习者。

主要特点：

上流社会的指南秘籍，美国时尚先锋。

官网：

推荐理由：

Vanity Fair是美国老牌杂志，创刊于1913年，借用十九世纪英国名作家威廉·萨克雷(William Thackeray)成名作Vanity Fair命名，同样定位于上层社会的浮华世界。

杂志起起伏伏，几经改革，如今成为美国时尚先锋。内容涉及上层社会生活方式、品味、宴会话题、明星生活、艺术、体育、幽默等，还根据大众兴趣推出社会突发事件和热点问题。

《名利场》在中国明星圈里知名度也非常高。它的姊妹杂志Vogue，同样深受时尚圈追捧，依靠在时装、化妆、美容、健康、娱乐和艺术等方面的超强引导力，被誉为“时尚圣经”。

如果你是走在时尚潮流沿线的青年，如果你有志于进军时尚圈，《名利场》是必读刊物。

进阶版：商科学生最爱

The Economist

《经济学人》

适用人群：

本科以上学生、职场商业人士、考研党。

主要特点：

以精致的内容和辛辣老道的文笔著称。

官网：

推荐理由：

这是连《纽约时报》都公开表达仰慕之情的杂志。

从1843年9月创刊至今，《经济学人》一直试图以最为凝练的语言和最小的篇幅提供政治、商业和社会新闻。

编辑们沿袭了英伦文人老派风格，用词典雅、庄重、考究。文笔辛辣、幽默、讥诮，即使豆腐块大小的篇幅，也入木三分，不容小觑。

编辑团队是一群老狐狸，对于新闻热点嗅觉极度灵敏，视角极为深入，他们的精准把握往往令同行感叹。

它为政商名流提供专业解读，是社会精英必读刊物，还是常春藤名校高才生paper写作高分指南。

如果你的英语处于中级阶段，遇到了瓶颈，坚持读《经济学人》一定会让英语实现质的飞跃，并对全球政治、商业及社会动态了如指掌。

Monocle

《单片眼镜》

适用人群：

小众文化爱好者、商业人士、语言达人。

主要特点：

培养跨界思维，关注亚文化。

官网：

推荐理由：

如果说The Economist是很多中国人都知道的高端杂志，那么同样高端的Monocle则还未被充分发掘。

Monocle是一本跨界杂志，内容涵盖国际新闻、商业财经、艺术文化、设计潮流等领域。

该杂志观点新颖，擅长以经济报道的方式诠释生活，具有全球视野，商业思维独到。比如，介绍某个时装品牌时，Monocle不是简单进行品牌介绍，而是深入品牌所在地，挖掘背后的制造链和商业贸易模式。

不同于其他追逐热点的杂志，Monocle擅长追踪正在形成气候的事物，擅长捕捉亚文化潮流。

对于中国学生来说，这本杂志是培养国际视野的不错选择。英语语言知识，加上开阔的国际化视野，这才是新时代人才需要具备的素质。

Forbes

《福布斯》

适用人群：

英语爱好者、商业人群。

主要特点：

深度商业报道。

官网：

推荐理由：

《福布斯》杂志由福布斯公司发行，每两周一次，以金融、工业、投资和营销等主题的原创文章著称。此外还报道技术、通信、科学和法律等领域的内容，是美国最著名的商业杂志之一。

它和《彭博商业周刊》(Bloomberg Businessweek)以及《财富》(Fortune)等是美国商学院学生必读刊物。

对于中国商科学生来说，这几本杂志绝对不容错过。它们所展现的行业解读、商业前瞻思维值得学习。

文青和旅行者必备

New Yorker

《纽约客》

适用人群：

英语学习者、文艺爱好者。

主要特点：

文艺杂志。

官网：

推荐理由：

创刊于1925的《纽约客》已经走过了90多年，历经纸媒、电子媒体和社交媒体的更迭，是杂志界的常青树。

《纽约客》虽然四分之一的内容是纽约当地文化，并设有专栏“城中话题”(The Talk of the Town)，但高质量的深度报道使得读者遍布全球各地。

首先，必须承认《纽约客》是本文青刊物，专栏囊括小说、诗歌评论、书评、影评、乐评等。同时，对于时事与国内、国际政治的深度报道显示了其追求极致的野心，高质量的报道常常让它受到普利策奖的垂青。

为什么要推荐这本杂志呢?因为考研英语、托福、雅思考试里常常会出现《纽约客》的文章。

多读《纽约客》有助于提升语感，培养逻辑思维能力，是学英语不可多得的地道读物。

National Geography

《国家地理》

适用人群：

英语学习者、地理爱好者、图片控。

主要特点：

地理之中兼容历史和人文知识。

官网：

推荐理由：

如果你既想锻炼英语，但又不愿意看长篇累牍的报道，那么《国家地理》是绝佳的选择。

《国家地理》文字的难度相对《经济学人》要低一些，但内容趣味性爆表，涉及地理、历史、文化、美食、摄影等多个方面。

总之，这本杂志能给读者带来极大的阅读快感，能在无形中提升英语水平。图文并茂，让人流连忘返。

Lonely Planet

《孤独星球》

适用人群：

旅行达人、英语学习者。

主要特点：

关于旅行的`一切。

官网：

推荐理由：

Lonely Planet创立于1973 年，出版物现已覆盖全球每个角落，被旅行者誉为“旅行圣经”。历史悠久，是第一本为背包客撰写的旅游指南。

《孤独星球》是一本让你心情荡漾在旅途中的杂志。它针对不同国家和地区有定制版，内容涉及当地地理、人文风俗、历史文化，交通住宿，轶事传闻。

如果你钟爱旅行，又想要提升英文水平，这本杂志是必读之物。

理工科学霸必备

Nature

《自然》

适用人群：

英语学习者、理工科学霸。

主要特点：

自然科学世界的金字塔期刊。

官网：

推荐理由：

《自然》杂志在综合性科学期刊中，被引用次数名列前茅。

期刊所收录文章大多来源于理工科大咖，内容为最新消息、研究资助及科研突破等，内容具有前瞻性和针对性。

如果说大部分杂志比较适合文科生的话，《自然》绝对是理工科学生的心头挚爱，特别是研究生和博士生，如果要发表SCI论文，《自然》能提供的绝不止模板套路，更能提供最前沿的科学思维和写作方式。

The Lancet

《柳叶刀》

适用人群：

医学生、科研人士。

主要特点：

医学最前沿信息，医学界大神级刊物。

官网：

推荐理由：

这是医学生必看的杂志，创立于1823年，创始人以外科用具“柳叶刀”(lancet)来为期刊命名，寓意为“照亮医界的明窗”。

《柳叶刀》是医学领域最具权威性的期刊杂志。内容包括医学进步、最新突破，也包括社论、书评、短篇研究文章、特刊消息及案例报道等。

如果你是医学生，有志于医学研究，那么《柳叶刀》是必须精读的刊物。

英语思维的养成绝非一朝一夕，

坚持阅读英文杂志，

不断输入地道的语料，

会看到改变的!

英语简单论文范文

在全球化时代,随着国际交流日益增多,中国对高质量英语人才的要求也达到了前所未有的高度。英语教学在中国高等教育体系中占据着举足轻重的地位,也肩负着社会培养高质量人才的重任。下文是我为大家搜集整理的关于毕业英语论文范文大全的内容，欢迎大家阅读参考!毕业英语论文范文大全篇1 浅谈老水手的心理历程——《苦舟子咏》读后感 [摘要]：《苦舟子咏》是英国19世纪湖畔派诗人柯勒律治的一首长诗。全诗是一个充满了奇幻之美的的航海故事。全诗探索人生的罪与罚问题，诗人把热爱宇宙的万物泛神论思想和____思想结合起来，宣传仁爱和基督____罪思想。诗中的水手的心理活动刻画得细致入微，水手杀掉信天翁表示他拒绝社会给他的礼物，他除掉了深爱自己并代表超自然的事物，也就除掉了对这个世界的感情，最后水手内心发生转变，以新的态度对待自然，为此他才得以解脱出来。 [关键词]：老水手;道德;内疚;痛苦;赎罪 Abstract: “The Rime of the Ancient Mariner” is one of Samuel Taylor Coleridge’s masterpieces. It is a long poem, telling a story in the form of ballads .The poem can be approached as a dream voyage to another realm, as a story of sin and expatiation, or as the quiet essential representation of the alienated isolated modern individual. 一、作者简介塞缪尔·泰勒·柯尔律治(Samuel Taylor Coleridge)1772年10月21日生于英格兰西南部德文郡一个乡镇牧师的家庭。9岁丧父，被送往伦敦基督慈幼学校上学，熟读希腊、罗马文学。19岁入剑桥大学，与骚塞相识。当时两人都同情法国革命，但又都害怕革命暴力，于是设想去美洲建立乌托邦社会。计划失败后柯尔律治移居英格兰部西部湖区，致力于写诗，并与华兹华斯结成密友。他憎恶资本主义城市文明和冷酷的金钱关系，于是远离城市，隐居于昆布兰湖区，寄情山水或缅怀中世纪的宗法社会。他们创作出歌颂大自然的或美化宗法制农村生活方式的诗篇，以抵制丑恶的资本主义现实。因此被称为“湖畔派诗人”。1798年，两人合作出版著名的《抒情歌谣集》。同年他与华兹华斯兄妹到德国留学，被康德的哲学和耶拿派的诗歌理论和创作所吸引。回国后继续居住于湖区，与华兹华斯保持往来。柯尔律治年青时代即患有风湿痛等多种疾病。为求镇痛他长期服食鸦片竟至上瘾，故健康大受损害。晚年他贫病交加，1834年7月25日逝世于海格特。柯尔律治的作品以真的细节描绘超自然的神秘事物，令人甘愿暂时不去考虑普通情理而信以为真，并在领略到一种怪异的美的同时获得教益或良知的觉醒。柯尔律治的创作实践和理论建设，不仅影响过他的同时代人，也影响了包括和他政治态度相左的拜伦、雪莱和济慈，而且，对于时至今日的诗歌艺术探索者，仍具有重要的借鉴价值。他在英国文学史上有重要地位，是浪漫主义思潮的重要代表。二、《苦舟子咏》简介《苦舟子咏》是柯尔律治唯一一部完整的长诗。这部长625行的叙事谣曲是一个神秘恐怖的浪漫故事：一名老水手对一个赴结婚宴的客人讲述了他自己的可怕的故事。客人想走开，赶快去赴宴，却为老水手眼中的特殊表情所吸引住，不得不站在那里把这个故事听完了。老水手和同伴们坐了一艘船出海去。一路上很平安。然后遇到了一阵暴风，暴风过后，这位水手却无端地射杀一只了航海者认为好运象征的信天翁。因此，厄运又降临了。船驶进静海中，那里没有风也没有浪;太阳如火如荼地照耀着。海水绿绿地满载着腐物。船停在那里不动，老水手被视为这次厄运的造因者。水手们都渴得要死去，仿佛有一只船要驶进救他们却又消失不见了。那是一只幻船，水手们一个个都死在甲板上，每个死者的眼光都注定在这位杀死信天翁的水手身上。全船的人，只有他没有死。后来，他对于自所做的恶罪觉得悔恨。于是天使们可怜他的悲苦，使死尸们站了起来，仍去做水手们的职务。他们开上了帆。虽然没有风，船却渐渐地移动。于是，这船一直驶到了老水手的故乡。一个领航者离了海岸，出来迎接。但在他到这船之前，它却突然地沉下了，留下了这位老水手在海波中与死神挣扎着。他被领航者所救。后来，他一想起那时受的言之不尽的痛苦，便不能忍。他的心在体内烧着，一直到了把这可怕的故事说了出来，方才觉得舒服。三、分析老水手的心理历程 “自由、平等、博爱”是资产阶级道德重要规范。“自由、平等、博爱”的口号是资产阶级革命时期提出来的。它既是资产阶级的政治主张，又是资产阶级道德的重要内容。这一口号的提出不仅在政治上曾经起过推动历史进步的作用，而且在人类道德发展史上也是一个巨大的进步，因为它否定了人身依附关系，肯定了人身自由;否定了等级特权，肯定了人的平等;否定了把人不当人的非人道主义的博爱思想。一句话，肯定了人的尊严、价值以及个人对幸福的追求。所以，它对个性的张扬和自我意识的发展，对人们挣脱禁欲主义、蒙昧主义、等级主义的枷锁都起到了巨大的革命作用。西方____的万物泛神论主张神无处不在，万物都是神的表象。这种主张认为：上帝就等于万事万物;任何个别事物就是上帝;世上的事物实际上都是虚无的。在这两种思想的支配下，作者把信天翁认为是基督____徒。老水手无端地射死了信天翁，表示他拒绝社会给他的礼物，他除掉了深爱自己并代表超自然的事物，也就除掉了对这个世界的感情。老水手违反上天的指意，违反自然规律，射死了无辜的信天翁，必然要受到惩罚。于是，灾难来了：风停了，船无法前进，阳光酷热，水手们口干舌燥。这时候，有人指责老水手——“你怎敢放肆，将神鸟射死!是它引来了南风。”此时，老水手开始意识到自己行为的错误。于是，他开始不断地感到内疚。心理学认为，在道德情感系统中，羞耻感是其中的一个元素。毕达哥拉斯要求人们对自己言行进行反省以后，就应该在内心里对卑劣的行为感到羞耻、悲哀和恐惧;对善良行为感到欣喜。沙莆慈伯利认为，道德上的善恶主要取决于感情系统中的羞耻感。他说：“凡出自不公正的情感所作的，就是不义恶行和过失;如果情感公正、健全、良好，并且情感的内容有益于社会，而且还是以有益于社会方式施行，或有所感动，这就必定在任何行动中构成我们所说的公平和正直。”不义、恶行和过失将引起人们的羞耻感。羞耻感是个人的自我道德意识的一种表现，表示一个人对自己的行为、动机和道德品质的谴责时的内心体验。良心是羞耻感的的主要作用机制，常表现出焦虑、羞愧和内疚等情绪。道德焦虑是一种复合情绪。其中，痛苦和畏惧是主要构成“因子”。但它仅以避免外在处罚为目的，是低级形式的羞耻感，可又是羞耻感发生的基础。那么，羞耻感的真正作用是什么?是内疚，只有内疚才是高度的主体意识的产物，它激活潜在的思维和力量，专注与对过失的懊悔和追悔的行为，促进个体的心理成熟。如果个体内疚匮乏，那他将对道德不屑一顾，达不到“有羞知格”的认识。同时，羞耻感要以自尊为前提，一个没有自尊的人是不会知耻的，更不会自责。自尊体现了对自我社会话的切近，没有自尊的防卫，就不可能有自责的意识和行为的发生。老水手对自己的不道德行为知耻，惭愧和悔恨。老水手真是由于良心发现才深感自己行为的错误，于是惶惶终日，不断自责自己。事态进一步发展，在他忏悔和祈祷下挂在脖子下的鸟掉下来了，但是同行的水手都因为缺水而一个个地死去，只有老水手一个人活着。这似乎是上帝对他的又一个惩罚。他一方面觉得自己的罪行深重，导致了其他水手的死亡——痛苦;另一方面在茫茫大海中，一条船上就他孤零零的一个人——恐惧。于是他的内心又经历了一场痛苦与恐惧的考验。良心是每个人自身内部的道德评析，是自己对自己行为道德价值的认识、认知、判断、态度、感情、体验、意向、意志、动机等一切心理反应活动。老水手不断对自己惊醒良心谴责。良心的基本因素是感情，感情是对需要的体验，是心理的动力因素。它一方面产生良心的认知因素，推动自己去判断自己行为的道德价值;另一方面则产生良心意志因素，推动自己做出改过迁善的选择。在行为过后，良心对行为的后果有影响和评价作用。对于履行了道德义务并产生了好后果的影响和行为，它便于进行自我谴责，使人感到内疚、惭愧和悔恨。这种自我谴责，往往能形成一种力量，促使人们改正自己的行为。后来，老水手虔诚地祈求海蛇破开魔法，他才获救得以回家。人非圣贤，孰能无过?人生在生活中不免发生道德过失。道德反省就是通过对道德过失的追悔，从而激励人们采用新的道德行为去补救已经酿成的道德不幸，并且通过对道德过失的觉醒为将要开始的道德行为提供罗盘。道德反省的实质在于主体对自己已作的道德选择进行批判性的分析，是在主体已经体验到自己的道德行为存在着过失的情况下，从而进行的对自己内心的深刻反思。通过反思，要为今后的行为提供新的路线和方案，明白来者可追，逝者可补。在今后的行动过程中，要用千倍的补偿替代原有的损失;通过反思，主体对自我发展和自我需要与社会道德的系统会领悟得更加深刻。故事的最后，老水手回到了家。于是出现了开篇的那一幕：他极力拉住去赴婚宴的人，让他们听他讲这个离奇的故事——他想寻找听众，承认自己的错误，说出自己的故事，解除内心的痛苦——赎罪。尽管老水手已经虔诚忏悔，但还是有种负罪感难以释怀，于是他渴望被人理解，宣泄出来以排除内心的痛苦。生活也是这样，当我们遇到困难、痛苦的时候，不要封闭自己，找一个忠实的听众，把自己的苦恼说给他听。这是一种释放压力的好方法。总之，柯尔律治的这首诗歌以神秘、怪诞著称，其中的心理描写可谓是典范!诗歌探讨了罪与罚、善与恶，生与死等哲学问题，宣传了一切生物皆上帝听造的教义。但诗歌的真正价值并不在故事本身或它所包含的哲理上，而在以造型艺术的精确性和音乐的流动感为读者创造了一幅幅神奇的海洋画面：时而风平浪静，沉寂安宁;时而风暴骤起，一片喧嚣。在写作此诗时，柯尔律治并不熟悉大海，但他能凭借想象，使真实的情形与幻想的景象互相交织，把平凡的细节与诗意的象征融为一体，充分显示了瑰丽奇特的想象能力。在诗艺上，长诗将英国民歌的自由与古典文人诗的谨严冶于一炉，炼就出适合表达浪漫主义情绪的活泼自然的诗体，而长诗的音韵与节奏之美，也表现了诗人能让文字进行歌唱的本领。 [参考文献]：《英美文学选读》天津大学出版社出版《英国文学简史》河南人民出版社出版《道德心理学》中南大学出版社出版毕业英语论文范文大全篇2 浅谈东西方数字九的文化对比分析与翻译一、前言 "数是人类思维发展到一定阶段，为适应社会生产活动的需要，在符号的帮助下产生的。"(苏金智，19 91)"数字是语言学中的一个特殊的领域。在科学的数字世界里，它的功能是计算，秩序严谨，职司分明，是实数;而在人类心灵的数字世界中，它的功能是表义，许多数字经过“神化”后成为“玄数”、 “虚数”、“ 天数"。它们有着极其丰富的外延和内涵。"(王秉钦，1998) 由于受东西方文化传统、宗教信仰、语言崇拜、地理环境等方面的影响，数字的神化存在着东西方的差异，但也存在着共性，有着共同的规律。在"数的灵物崇拜"上各民族都有普通性。东方人有自己心目中的"天数"，而西方人也有自己心目中的"神数"。神秘数字的演化规律一般经过"神化—泛化—虚化"的过程。( 王秉钦，1998) 东西方已有不少有关数字科学的专著和论文，如毕达哥拉斯(phythagoras) 学派的T·丹齐克的《数科学语言》(商务印书馆，1998)，英国人伦拉德·法拉的《七的探源》;国内也有不少学者就数字写过著作和论文，并开展过学术探讨。如，王秉钦教授在其《语言与翻译新论》的中篇第六章就以"数的语义范围比较与翻译"为专题;苏金智曾写过《数的灵物崇拜》(载〈语言、社会、文化》 440页，语文出版社，1991，1) 等。在1998 年南昌大学主办的"中国英汉语比较研究会第二届年会暨第三次学术研讨会"上，英汉文化对比专业委员会会员曾就中南工业大学外语学院吴玲英老师的《中西文学中"以三为法”的文化模式》展开了激烈的讨论。本人认为东方人，尤其是中国人，自己心目中的天数是"九"而不是"三"，也并非完全是因为"九" 是"三"的倍数。二、东西方数字"九"的文化对比分析在我国，人们之所以把"九"看成是自己心目中的"天数"和最富有神奇色彩的数字，是因为"九" 这个数字的象征意义(symbolicmeaning)，在我国可以说历时最久，涉及面也最广。 "九"作为数不同于一般数字，在中国古代被认为是一种神秘的数字，它起初是龙形(或蛇形)图腾化之文字，继而演化出"神圣" 之意，于是中国古代历代帝王为了表示自己神圣的权力为天赐神赋，便竭力把自己同“九”联系在一起。如天分九层，极言其高，天证/诞日为正月初九，天子祭天一年九次。更有趣的是连皇宫建筑都与"九"有关。例如，北京城有九门，天安门城楼面阔九问，门上饰有九路钉(即每扇门的门钉纵横各九排)。汉语词汇中也常用"九"来形容帝王将相的称谓，如"九五之尊"(imperial throne);称官位仅次于皇帝的王爷为"九千岁 "等。根据阴阳五行与数的关系，万物之根均为数，宇宙也是数。数始于1而终于 10，五行也是数，按传统的五行理论来划分，则1、2为木：1为阳木，2为阴木。以3、4为火：3为阳火，4为阴火。以5、6为土：5为阳土，6为阴土。以7、8为金：7为阳金，8为阴金。以9、10为水：9 为阳水，10为阴水。这就是将"象"、"数"与五行结合起来推演变化，用以显示事物发展变化的内在联系。由此看来，"九"是最大的阳数，象征着天。传说古代中国人把天分为九层，九层天是天的最高处，汉语中有关词汇有"九重霄"(指极高的天空， "九霄云外" ，"九天揽月"，"九天九地"等。另外，天坛，这个明清两代祭天的场所，其建筑无处不体现着“九”的象征意义。民间传说中还有"九头鸟"(nine-headed bird: a fabulous bird whose appearance was f ormerlyregarded as a bad omcn)的故事。中国人以"九"为大数，刘师培在《古书疑义举例补》一书中写道："凡数指其极者，皆得称之为'九' ;"《素问》中说："天地之数，始于一，终于九。"因此，汉语中有"九九归一"或"九九归原"之说。因从"九"为数之极而引出人生之限，故"明九"或"暗九"均为人生之"坎"，避讳有“九”之岁。例如：“ 老太太因明年八十一岁，是个暗九。"(《红楼梦》)。日本人一般认为"九"是"苦命和痛苦"的象征，因为"九"与"苦"同音，因此忌讳 "九"。然而，《外语与外语教学》曾报道过国内一位学者曾为考证这一点，采用"全选法"将日本某地电话号码其中的几千个姓和名分别进行统计，结果发现将"九"作为姓的只占极少数(约占)，而将"九"作为名的却不少(约占35%)。看来，日本人忌讳"九"也并非绝对。此外，《词源》中说："九：虚指多数。""九"作虚数解时，是数的一种语义模糊现象。《现代汉语词典》中，"九"的意思有三个：(1)数目，八加一后所得;(2)从冬至起每九天是一个"九"，从一"九" 数起，二"九"、三 "九"，一直数到九"九"为止。冬练三九，夏练三伏;(3)表示多数或多次：九泉，三弯九转等。因此，汉语中有不少和"九"有关的成语。如："九牛一毛"、"九死一生"、"九牛二虎之力" 、"九流宾客"等等。在我国，数字"九"涉及面在所有数字中最广。含有数字"九"的词汇也十分丰富。如，"九州"是指传说中的我国上古行政区划，后用作"中国"的代称。因此，有的全国性的电视节目就取名为“九州方圆”;“ 九族"(the nine degrees of kindred: either thenine generations from one's great-great-gr andfather down toone's great-great-grandson;or four generations of one'spatemal relations, three generations of one's matemalrelations, and two generations of noe's wife's relatio ns)，古代有一种残酷的刑法叫"诛灭九族";古代传说 "龙生九子，各有所好"。因此，《红楼梦》第九回中用"一龙生九种，种种各别"来比喻贾氏家族族大人多，龙蛇混杂，好坏不一，各种各样的人都有。还有 " 九龙杯"等。此外，在文娱、体育等词汇中，数字"九"也比比皆是。如，许多歌名都以"九"开头："九妹 "、"九九艳阳天"、"九百九十九朵玫瑰" 等;乐器中也有"九音锣";在体育活动中，"九柱戏"(nine pins)，兵器中有"九节鞭"[但这与西方文化中的"九尾鞭”(cat-o '-nine- tails: an instrurnent of punishment so calledfrom the nine pieces of leather or cord which compose it)意义不大一样]。地名中也有一些以"九"开头的，如"九寨沟"、"九华山"、"九江"和"九龙"等。此外，中国人常把" 九"看成为吉祥数字之一。在申请电话号码时，人们宁愿多出钱去买一个尾数为"8"或 "9"的吉祥号码。比如，湖南有线电视台的"欢乐热线"号码为"16899919"。在西方，数字"九"也是人们心目中的"神数"之一。对西方人来说， "九"的象征意义是"神性"、 "神圣之至"。英语权威字典Webster's Ninth New Collegiate Dictionary and Webster's ThirdIntema tional Dictionary 中对"九"所解释的意义比《现代汉语词典》所解释的意义还多，分别有： 1)one more than eight, three threes, the square of three;2) nine units of objects (a tota l of nine) ; 3) a: thenumerable quantity symbolized by the arabic numeral 9; b: thefigure 9 ; 4) nine o'clock——compared Bell table, timeillustration; 5) the ninth size in a set series: as a; aplaying team of nine members, baseball team; b:the firstor last 9 hol es of an 18-hole golf course…。其中收入与"九"有关词语和成语多达近二十条。常用的有： a nine-day's wonder (an object or event that creates ashort-lived sensation) ____Those political expositions…that make a nine day'snine wonder till something fresh c omes alone——Mary Deasy. nine times out of ten(very often) be dressed up to the nines(elaborately dressed, as for aformal occasion) ____She dressed herself up to the nines and went to theparty. in the nineholes:in the difficult situation nine-men's morris: morris played with nine counters A cat has nine lives: A cat can move so fast and jump sowell that he seems to escape being killed many times. 从以上的解释还可以发现一个规律：数字"九"及其倍数在西方也被广泛运用于文娱和体育活动中。如，保龄球(bowling )中的瓶状木柱数(ninepins) 为"九"; 高尔夫球球场有一十八个洞：跳子棋的棋板上各方均为九个孔; 古时英国还有一种九个男人一起跳的舞蹈(morrisdance)等。由此看来，数字"九" 也倍受西方人的青睐。总之，在东西方文化中，数字"九"含有以下主要共性： 1)东西方大多数人把数字"九"看成神秘的数字，其象征意义均有"神圣"之意。 2)在东西方文化中，数字"九"均可虚指多数。 3)数字"九"被广泛运用于文体项目中。数字“九”在东西方文化中的个性恐怕主要在于：对中国人来说，其神奇色彩要比西方人更浓;其象征意义的历史在东方文化中比西方文化中更悠久;其涉及面在东方文化中比西方文化中更广泛。三、数字"九"的翻译问题罗马西塞罗说过："翻译不是字当句对，而是保留语言的总风格和力量。""按分量而不是按数量译词" 。此处所说的数字是指经过神化、泛化、虚化了的"虚数"，"实数"的翻译不在此例。根据这一理论，结合东西方文化的共性与个性，可采用如下的翻译方法，并遵循以下的翻译原则。可采取的翻译方法主要有： (一)保留原数字 . We thought our cat would be killed when he fell fromthe roof of the house. He was not, he used up one of his ninelives. 我们以为我们的猫从屋顶掉下来会死了，它并没死，只失掉九条命中的一条。这样翻译过来，人们很容易接受，因为人们已熟悉"猫有九命"这个成语，并能够促进东西方文化的融合。 (二)转换成各民族喜爱的数字 out of ten——十之八九 nine days' wonder———可翻译为"昙花一现"，这样翻译可以加深对奈达的"对等"和纽马克的"转换"翻译理论的理解。 (三)增舍数字比如，"九死一生"可翻译成"a narrow escape from death;survival after many hazards";又如，"九九归一，还是他说的话对。"可翻译成"All things considered,what he says is right."其译文均舍弃了数字，转译其形象意义。应遵循的原则主要有： (一)民族性原则比如，汉语中的"费了九牛二虎之力"，《汉英词典》(外研社，1996)的译文有三个："strain onese lf to the limit; use everyounce of one's strength; make herculean efforts"。笔者认为第二种译文 "use every ounce of one's strength "更符合"民族性原则”，成功地将东方文化中该成语的比喻意义转化成了西方文化语言中的形象意义。 (二)习语性原则比如："匡超人此时恍若亲见瑶宫仙子，月下嫦娥，那魂灵都飘到九霄云外去了。"(《儒林外史》)，其译文为"Kuang felt that he was gazing at a goddess and his spirit had flown to heaven."这种译文因遵循了"习语性原则"，充分地体现了人类交际行为的一个最根本原则——语言——符号的经济原则。 (三)形象性原则数字用于模糊意义时，一般都失去了其数量意义而具有形象意义。翻译时，必须越出其理性意义而捕捉其与其它的词结合后所产生的形象意义。比如："飞流直下三千尽，疑是银河落九天(李白)。"此句诗中的"九天" 的形象意义为"极高的天空 "，因此，可翻译成"Down itcascades a sheer three thousand feet—As if the Silver River [. the Milky. Way]were falling from heaven!"猜你喜欢： 1. 毕业英语论文范文 2. 英美文学毕业论文优秀范文 3. 商务英语专业毕业论文范文 4. 大学英语毕业论文范文 5. 英语专业论文范文 6. 本科英语专业论文范文

英语作为一门学科，其本身即承载和蕴含有丰富的德育功能。但这些德育动能需要教师有意识的创设一定的教育情境。情景是道德教育中重要而有意义的组成部分。下面是我给大家推荐的英语教育类论文范文，希望大家喜欢!

《高中英语课堂教学中的德育教育与教学方法探索》

摘要：本文简要论述了英语语言和高中英语课程中所蕴含的德育功能，并进一步提出教师在利用教材和课堂所提供的虚拟道德情境帮助学生获得道德认知的基础上，还应该采用多种教学方法，有意识的为学生在课堂上提供人际交往的机会和场景。以创设真实的道德教育情境，在帮助学生有效完成英语学习的同时，引导他们达到道德知、情、意、行的统一。

关键词：道德;德育教育;高中英语;道德教育情境

中共中央国务院《关于进一步加强和改进未成年人思想道德建设的若干意见》要求：“学校……把德育工作摆在素质教育的首要位置，贯穿于教育教学的各个环节。”道德教育不是学校某一门课程的专有职能，也不是只在某一特定时候才开展的工作。“只有将道德教育与知识教学结合起来，通过学校开设的各种课程进行道德教育，才能为人的精神丰富与道德成长找到一条有效的途径”。

一、英语语言所蕴含的德育功能

早在上世纪20年代初，萨丕尔就指出，语言是描述人类经验与对世界认识的方式，同一语言社区的成员有着共同的、系统的信仰和理念，他们决定了社区的结构，并通过语言表达出来。因此，语言与文化不是互不相干的孤立的现象，他们紧密联系在一起。当代语言观认为，语言是文化的主要载体，也是习得文化的主要途径之一，而离开了文化，也不可能正确的习得与学习语言。何谓文化?英国人类学家泰勒(1871)指出，文化是指社会成员习得的知识、信仰，艺术、道德、法律与习俗的综合体。等人则进一步将文化分成三大块：思想、产物、与行为，而其中思想起着决定性作用。3由此可见。英语语言本身就承载着思想道德的内容。学习英语语言的过程，同时也是从另一个角度接受德育教育的过程。

二、高中英语课程中的德育功能

要开发和实现高中英语课程中的德育功能，首先要澄清德育教育的内容是什么。道德是一个人对人、事、物及其关系的基本观点，态度，情感及行为表现。4在人与人(他人与群体)之间，主体我(I)与客体我(me)之间，人与动物、人与自然、人与工作、人与神之间都存在道德关系。5从1997年3月正式开始实施的“全球生活价值教育项目”(Living Values Educa-tional Project)所提出的核心德目对我们的德育教育应该具有启示和指导作用，它们是：合作、自由、幸福、诚实、谦卑、爱心、和平、尊重、责任、朴素、容忍、团结。

教育部干2003年颁布的《普通高中英语课程标准(试验)》对英语的课程性质作了如下规定：“英语课程的学习，既是学生通过英语学习和实践活动，逐步掌握英语知识和技能，提高语言实际运用能力的过程，又是他们磨练意志、陶冶情操、拓展事业、丰富生活经历，开发个性和提高人文素养的过程。”这其中显然包含了思想道德教育的内容。相应的，《课程标准》将“培养爱国主义精神，形成健康的人生观”等作为英语课程的任务之一。

我们现行高中英语教材是高中英语教学的媒介物，是经过筛选的学习资料，这些材料本身就蕴含有丰富的德育功能。以人教版全日制普通高级中学教科书(必修)英语第二册(上)为例：该书包括10个主题单元的内容，这10个主题分别涉及到了辩学、自然、文学、艺术、文化、生活、环保等领域，为学生提供了相关方面的一些知识，同时也为他们深入思考人类与这些事物之间的道德关系提供了很好的平台。比如第一单元的阅读文章No:Boundaries给学生简要介绍了Stephen Hawking，学生可以在学习掌握英语语言知识的同时，了解Hawking顽强的奋斗史，从而去追问顽强、信念、意志、责任之于生命的意义，去探求自由、幸福的哲学意义。

三、英语教学与道德教育情境的创设

如前所述，英语作为一门学科，其本身即承载和蕴含有丰富的德育功能。但这些德育动能需要教师有意识的创设一定的教育情境。情景是道德教育中重要而有意义的组成部分，情景不同，所产生的学习方式不同，其学习结果和效果也不同。

(一)课堂教学与虚拟道德情景

课堂教学就可以提供一种道德教育情境。以扎实高效的认知法(the cognitive approach)为例，其步骤一般是这样的：1、复习导入。讲解新词;2，讲解语法;3、语法练习;4、讲授新课，并展小组活动。逐句讨论课文内容与意义。教师总结;5、回到课文，听录音，学生就课文内容提问。如此，尤其是在开展第4和第5步骤的过程中，学生在老师有意识的引导下，在阅读材料和课堂所提供的虚拟情境中，即可获得一定的道德认知。但认知并非道德教育的全部，道德情感、道德意志和道德行动亦是道德教育非常重要的组成部分，毕竟，“人是做成的而并非生就的”。对于虚拟情境中的个体来讲，他的所作所为只是他的一种意象，并不能保证其在真实情最能够达到道德知、情、意、行的统一。

(二)课堂教学与真实道德情景

课堂教学中的真实情境最主要的是课堂人际交往中发生的各种场景，包括师生交往、生生交往等。这种情境因为过去一直没有受到教师教育意识的足够关注，教师和学生往往会在这种情境中展示出自己最自然本真的一面，因而它所体现的道德更多的是直觉性和习惯化的行为，因此也就更加利于师生之间进行更加有效的道德观察、道德评价和道德教育。当然，这要求教师在课堂教学中注意采用一些鼓励课堂人际交往的教学方法，如交际法，提示法、社区式语言学习法、整体教学法，任务型语言教学法、合作型学习等，并在教学开展的过程中有意识的关注自己和学生在课堂交往时的道德行为和表现，及时给予评价或鼓励。

需要说明的是，在道德教育的过程中——无论是虚拟情境抑或真实情境中，应鼓励学生在对话与协商中提升其道德判断和行为抉择的能力。为了保证师生、生生之间对话与协商的有效，在课堂交往中教师应注意有关言说与倾听有关的问题。在这里，哈贝马斯()所界定的理想言说的四个条件或许会有帮助：言说内容的真实性;言说行动的适当性，言说者意向的真诚性，言说含义的可领会性。至于倾听，教师则应注意避免“不倾听”、“不健全倾听”、“虚假倾听”、“拒绝倾听”、“批发式倾听”和“同情式倾听”等几种情况和倾向。

当然，德育教育绝非仅由教师和课堂教育教学就能完成，它需要政府、社会、学校、社区，家长和受教育者本人的共同努力。本研究仅希望能够对广大同行在相关方面的课堂教学提供一些思考。

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