论文英文摘要万能模板

英文论文摘要模板

英文论文摘要怎么写，你会写了吗?下面是我为大家收集的关于英文论文摘要模板，希望能够帮到大家!

ABSTRACT

As an important part of Chinese academic journals, sci-tech periodicalshave great significance to the spread of knowledge of science and to thedevelopment of technology. The level of internationalization of a sci-tec journalrepresents its recognition degree in the field of international publishing,besides, it is also a key criteria of the success for launching the journals. Thereare the largest number of sci-tech periodicals launched in Beijing, which leadsto a central role that taken by this area. Therefore, result from the researchwhich focus in Beijing can, to a certain extent, reflect the international level ofChinese sci-tech periodicals.

This paper is divided into six chapters: Chapter one is a brief review of theacademic theories and description about the practice status and the currentsystem of Chinese sci-tech periodicals. Also, it summarizes the stages andcharacteristics of the development of sci-tech periodicals in Beijing. In chaptertwo, it provides the historical foundation, system condition and thedevelopment of digital technology for the following analysis. Chapter three, tofive respectively elaborates the current situation of the development of sci-techperiodicals in Beijing area by 3 aspects: content innovation, business strategyand media. In chapter six, it concluded the problems that China's sci-techperiodicals are facing during the globalization and then provides possiblecountermeasures based on the analysis in previous chapters.

Key Words: Beijing; sci-tech periodicals; internationalization; impact factor

Abstract

Within the framework of feminism and archetypal criticism, this thesis, by taking ThePassion of New Eve as its discourse, analyzes and discusses Angela Carter's application ofdemythologizing as a feminist strategy. By rewriting and subverting those female archetypes,Carter aims to break the fetters and shackles of patriarchy, exploring the way to women'sliberation as well as the reconciliation between two genders.

Believing that human society has been established on patriarchy, feminists endeavor tochange women's subordinate status and achieve gender equality. Archetypal criticism, as oneof the most influential branches in literary criticism,regards myth as the origin of literature.

Myths,especially the Bible,cover all the forms and motifs known as archetypes in literature.

As a devoted pioneer and advocator of feminism, Carter realizes that those female archetypesare usually stereotyped and dogmatic, which is actually invented by patriarchy for theoppression and exploitation of women.

Based on intensive reading and exhaustive textual analysis, this thesis illustrates Carter'sdemythologizing of three female archetypes in The Passion of New Eve, which are“Temptress,,,”Mother Goddesses“ and ”Eve“ respectively. Firstly, the sufferings that Leilahencounter in the novel reveal that ”Temptresses“ are in fact victims of patriarchy instead oforigins of disloyalty and disasters. While seen by men as objects of their sexual desires, theyalso risk self-objectification, which results in the deprivation of subjectivity as independenthuman beings. Secondly, ”Mother“ in Beulah is just an artificial myth,汪 consolatory toolfabricated by patriarchy, behind the glorification of which are patriarchal values and codes.

Thirdly, the transformative journey Eve experienced from a chauvinist to a real womandemonstrates that femininity, rather than an inherent quality, is the result of social influenceand persistent imitations.

Through the demythologizing of those female archetypes, Carter overthrows thepatriarchal hegemony as well as Utopian matriarchal dreams,offering androgyny as a potentialsolution to the current sexual conflicts. In her opinion, the real reconciliation between twogenders should be based on mutual respect and understanding, which is confirmed by theunion between the new Eve and Tristessa in The Passion of New Eve.

Keywords: female archetype; demythologizing; Angela Carter; The Passion of New Eve

Abstract

In recent years, with the development of the financial sector, more and morepeople pay attention to the financial information search. However, the traditionalkeyword search method could hardly meet the needs of financial users. Therefore,semantic search products have gained more popularity. However, the semanticparsing process is complex and diverse. During the process of the analysis oflarge-scale real text, the sentence analysis which based on word granularity is verydifficult, but after chunk analysis, the accuracy can be significantly improved andthe complexity can be clearly reduced. At present, the user input method is almostthe Pinyin input method, thus it could probably happen that the input phonetic lettersare correct, while the Chinese character is wrong. In order to achieve the purpose ofimproving the user experience, the Pinyin text proofreading appears.

The content of this paper is a pretreatment subsystem of the finance Q & Asystem, and it contains two functions, Pinyin text proofreading and chunk partition.

Text proofreading is based on Pinyin, in the first place, putting the query sequenceinto phonetic sequence. Then it uses the multiple grammars, three grammars and twogrammars to fill the Chinese characters sequence. And if there is no ambiguity whenfilling, then it uses the text proofreading, otherwise, ignores the text proofreading.

For the chunk partition, this paper uses three different methods: the method ofthe shortest path chunk partition, the method of CRF chunk partition and the methodof neural network chunk partition. The subsystem designed and implemented thethree methods. The shortest path chunk partition is similar to the dictionary wordsegmentation method. CRF chunk partition divided the problem into the annotationproblem, through getting the optimal sequence labels, to reach the purpose of chunkpartition. Chunk neural network chunk partition is based on word segmentation,changing the query sequence into a sequence of nodes. If the sequence of possibilityimproved after adding chunk tag on each node sequence, the tag position is a chunkposition.

In practical test, the shortest path chunk partition based on the dictionary,cannot process the query which is not in the dictionary of chunk. CRF chunkpartition can solve the unknown chunk query, but the mark information is too simplewhen the training corpus increased,and the error percentage of results increasedsignificantly. When using neural networks in chunk partition, the predicted timeincreases significantly, however, the query generalization is a good idea. Throughthe above research, a reasonable way to chunk partition is the CRF method, whichproperly uses the query generalization.

Finally after testing, the pretreatment subsystem has not only met the needs ofthe finance Q & A system, largely improving the financial Q & A system userexperience, but also reduces the analytical complexity, significantly improved thecorrectness and performance.

Keywords: Pretreatment system question analysis, chunk, text proofreading, CRF,neural network

Human resource plays the pivotal role in social economy development increasingly. 5P model is regarded as a very important model in human resource management, while it delivers the huge purpose and instant effect. But we have to realize that the application of 5P needs to one environment that cooperation of every department and plan the relevant policies, therefore enterprises utilize 5P model depending on practical situation. This anticle tries to realize the huge effect of 5P model very well through both discussing the content of 5P model and 洛北春酒业集团`s suessful experience.

是翻成英文吗 Civil service system is the embodiment of the management system of personnel administration regularity, is promoting the modern government and the development of administrative system of anization design, it is perfect with innovation, related to the government administration quality and efficiency improvement. China in 1993 adopted the national civil service system, began to enter the modern government personnel management track. But overall, pared with foreign countries, the civil service system of our country is still relatively primitive, theoretical research is still relatively weak, and there are many aspects need reform and innovation. Therefore, the reform of the civil service system in China has bee an important task. This paper will be based on the civil service system on the basis of theoretical study, through to the Chinese and foreign civil servants system recorded in the annealing preferred, incentive coordination, the protection mechani *** of the three major aspects of the public servant system at home and abroad, to reveal the similarities and differences, to draw lessons from foreign civil servant system beneficial experience to perfect our civil servant system design. 我只把你摘要的发来了

Abstract The core petitiveness of enterprises is the basis of the sustainable development of enterprise and the source of petitive advatages. As a growth point of China's national economy, Real Estate directly affects the national economic development and the people's livelihood. Therefore, the construction of real estate enterprises'core petitive ability should be paid profound attention. Depending on a bination of core petence theory, this paper is in view of the status quo of the estate enterprise'core petitive ability in China,then bines the author's opinion under the help of the related books,documents and the teacher, and finally turn out the means of the construction of enterprises'core petitive ability . Keywords The Core Competiveness of Enterprises Brand Strategy Enterpise Culture

Urban vulnerable groups is in the interests of the economic system transformation relative damage, marginalized groups, with social transformation, economic restructuring and social factors such as industrial restructuring, urban vulnerable groups is being increasingly prominent, and has affected our economy development and social equity. Based on the situation of vulnerable groups of urban studies, that the size of the vulnerable groups in recent years in increasing the survival of the city status of vulnerable groups have not been effective improvement, therefore, an urgent need for government-led, to establish and improve various policies and mechani *** s to protect the basic rights of vulnerable groups in order to achieve the goal of building a well.

Along with continuous development of market economy and intensive structural reform of publish industry, financial management play a more and more important role on the development and management of publishing enterprise. Publishing enterprises must change their concepts and pay attention to financial management, building and insisting on the sense of innovation and human-oriented financial management, actively exploring and building a sound financial management system which is adaptive to market economic management system and operation mechani *** . Publishing enterprises must try a variety of ways and means to resolve the outstanding issues in financial management, making effort to improve the qualities of financial workers, strengthening the informational construction of financial management, realizing continuous innovation on financial centralized management and aounts receivable management, so as to promote the publishing industry develop in a healthy and good direction.

Abstract: The woman known as half of the sky in an era of growing concern in the feminist context, hold up half the sky in other men - their pressure, their difficulties, their sad, seems to have been used to And even taken for granted. But Chili as one of the representatives of women writers, she works in many men have expressed the concern of this group. Loss of life, questions of love, of self-worth of confusion, as the mon challenge facing the hero. Thus, character. environment. the fate of one man without the image of the intersection in question to the reality: our way is, Where is tomorrow? 摘要还必须包括关键词的。

英文摘要可以用百度翻译，然后复制上去，目录设定很简单，在word或者wps里面有目录设定，选中目录点选那个目录设定可以来设定是一级目录还是二级目录的。

[Abstract] In the 1980s and 1990s last century, the economy developed at a high speed with the sacrifice of damaging the environments which caused serious environmental problems and social problems. Gov and society began to think about it, therefore in the process of production and manufacturing, enterprises should take the corporate social responsibility (CSR). With the improvement of social system, many enterprises have realized the problem of social responsibility. More and more enterprises find that it is not contradicted beeen achieving the individual economic goal and fulfilling the social goal. To enhance the consciousness and initiative of fulfilling the social responsibility, enterprises should fulfill the social responsibility to convey related information to the society. It plays a key role to develop the social responsibility and social responsibility investments because it can better bring in the public opinion pressure and Gov supervision. High moral standards aord with the enterprises’ long-term benefit which will help gain reputation and trust in the daily operation and long-term cooperation. Enterprises can really catch the advantage of taking the social responsibility, the policy and regulation that push the enterprises to fulfill the social responsibility so that to find appropriate conduct system. Key Words: Corporate Social Responsibility, corporate obligation, significance of social responsibility, harmonious society

This thesis presents a detailed *** ysis of the current situation of the private enterprises of Chaoshan, gave emphasized *** ysis on both the advantage of its development and problems lied in, and found out the advantages as well as limitations of the district of Chaoshan. On the basis of this, this thesis also studied on the New Wenzhou Mode, while in the meantime proposed advices on the future development of private enterprises of Chaoshan district in view of strategy.

论文摘要英语万能模板

英文论文摘要模板

英文论文摘要怎么写，你会写了吗?下面是我为大家收集的关于英文论文摘要模板，希望能够帮到大家!

ABSTRACT

Key Words: Beijing; sci-tech periodicals; internationalization; impact factor

Abstract

Myths,especially the Bible,cover all the forms and motifs known as archetypes in literature.

Keywords: female archetype; demythologizing; Angela Carter; The Passion of New Eve

Abstract

The content of this paper is a pretreatment subsystem of the finance Q & Asystem, and it contains two functions, Pinyin text proofreading and chunk partition.

Keywords: Pretreatment system question analysis, chunk, text proofreading, CRF,neural network

下面是关于学术论文英文摘要模板，希望对你们有帮助。

Abstract

Since Dewey developed the concept of “critical thinking”, many scholars abroadhave carried out a series of studies about improving students' critical thinking skills ineducation field. In the 1980s,critical thinking became the target of higher educationprograms in such foreign countries as the US and Canada. It has gained its widespreadattention in China only in recent years. But there are only few studies about it ineducation field. Our traditional English teaching method pays much attention to thetraining of students' linguistic knowledge and language skills but ignores thecultivation of students' critical thinking abilities. In the process of skill practice,teachers often stress the importance of memorizing vocabulary and imitating skillsrigidly,but neglect the students' abilities in analyzing problems and putting forwardinnovative solutions. Therefore, English writing teaching is affected by this andmerely attaches emphasis to train students' reading and writing skills. There are fewstudies which aim at systematically cultivating students' analysis, synthesis, summary,comparison and reasoning skills while they are writing. Therefore,this study aims atdesigning some writings tasks and teaching strategies which can be used to fostercollege students' critical thinking awareness and promote students' all-rounddevelopment.

According to six critical thinking skills,this study was carried out by requiringstudents to hand in an argumentation. All participants in this study are non-Englishmajor college freshmen from a 211 key university. The revised version of Rubric forQualitative Critical Thinking Skills Instrument was used in this study. Withquantitative and qualitative analysis,writing experiment is conducted within a wholesemester to collect data concerning students' learning behavior. Reading-to-write isused in experimental class while traditional method is adopted in control class. Thewriting scores by the experimental and control class were statistically processed bysoftware SPSS . And also the interview was launched in some of students inexperimental class to assess students' critical thinking abilities reflected in theirwritings-The final analysis indicated that EGAP writing model exerted a significantlypositive influence in improving students' critical thinking skills, especially in arousingstudents' writing enthusiasm and critical thinking awareness. Compared with controlclass, students in experimental class made big progress in writing competence. Inaddition, this study put forward some reform proposals to the teaching of Englishwriting. The study is of great value to instruct students to employ critical thinkingskills in their writing.

Abstract

A large body of research has been conducted on the effects of technology-enhancedEnglish vocabulary learning since the 1960s (Marty, 1981)。 However, no consensus hasbeen reached yet (Choo, Lin, & Pandian,2012; Mohsen & Balakumarohsen, 2011)。

Despite the fact that some narrative reviews have evaluated and explored thesecontradictory results, this study aims at quantifying the overall effectiveness oftechnology-enhanced English vocabulary learning with a different approach to review:meta-analysis and performing in-depth moderator analyses of learning method and testtype further.

Totally, twenty effect sizes from thirteen pieces of primary research are obtainedafter collecting related literature published or unpublished in recent ten years via fourchannels and selecting through three filters. Later, all the primary research is coded anddata are computed in random-effects model with software ComprehensiveMeta-Analysis.

Results show that: (1) Technology has a positively large effect on Englishvocabulary learning according to Cohen's standards as proposed in 1992 (g = 95% confidential interval of [, ])。 (2) Learning methods (intentional learning,incidental learning, and integrated learning) have impacts on the overall effectiveness.

Heterogeneity exists in the three learning methods (g = = 0,01 < )，Effectiveness of intentional learning, incidental learning and integrated learning is ^ =, g 二 , g = respectively. Incidental learning under technology-enhancedenvironment yields the largest effectiveness on English vocabulary learning. (3) Testtypes (recognition tests, recall tests,recognition + recall tests) also have impacts on theoverall effectiveness. The three test types are heterogeneous as well {Q = , p = < )。 Recognition tests, recall tests, and recognition + recall tests have effectsizes of and respectively. Technology-enhanced English vocabularylearning achieves the largest effectiveness in recognition tests.

Abstract

The present study, which is based on the Competing Values Framework (. CVF:a framework to identify the organizational effectiveness and to define organizationalculture)， aims to investigate English teachers, teaching motivation at universities, theirperception of the organizational culture in the target university,their professionalaspiration and how they affect each other. The research questions to be addressed are asfollows: (1) How do the English teachers perceive the organizational culture at theirworkplace? (2) How much effort will the teachers pay for their professionalengagement and aspiration? (3) What kinds of motivation do the English teachers in thetarget university appear to have? (4) How will the organizational culture and theprevious experience affect teachers' motivation?

This study employed four different questionnaires as the research instruments,including one demographic questionnaire and three research questionnaires, . thedemographic questionnaire, the Organizational Culture Assessment Instrument (. theOCAI) (Cameron & Quinn, 1999)，the Professional Engagement and CareerDevelopment Aspiration-scale (. the PECDA-scale) (Watt & Richardson, 2008b)，andthe Work Tasks Motivation Scale for Teachers Teaching (. the WTMST) (Fernet et al.,2008)，to investigate the above mentioned research questions. The whole investigationtook roughly 12 weeks and involved three stages: the preparation stage,the pilot study,and the main study.

The findings of the present study show that most of the teachers are intrinsicallymotivated and with identified regulation influenced by the performance culture and theclan culture which are the dominant culture types of the target research site. Results alsoindicate that the overseas experience and length of teaching experience affect teachers'perception of tixe organizational culture and motivation. The participants who haveoverseas experience tend to be more with the sense of professionalism, moreintrinsically motivated and be more confident with their competence in the academicarea; and the ones who have longer years of teaching experience are with moreidentified regulation and introjected motivation and are more committed and moreassured of staying in the education field. The participants in the target universitybasically belong to the highly engaged persisters,and the male teachers expect to be theleadership.

Abstract

Owing to the economic, social and academic needs as well as the advantages of EGAP(General Academic Purpose in Chinese College English) itself, there exist 这 great deal ofnecessity and feasibility for applying English for EGAP class. It is our understanding thatwriting plays an extremely important role in the course of EGAP and genre is a quiteinfluential factor in improving students5 writing competency. However,the investigation ofstudents' current writing situation shows that being deeply influenced by traditional writingteaching methods which emphasize grammar and vocabulary; the students have littleknowledge about genre approach theoretically or systematically and lack the awareness ofgenre. Because of this,it becomes necessary to put forward an English writing teachingapproach which is effective as well as applicable to the situation in China so as to enhancetheir writing competence.

This paper firstly gives a brief introduction to the developing trend of EGAP bydiscussing its necessity and applicability in China and the main views of two schools of genretheory, the tiieoretical foundation and genre-based approaches of three main schools of genrestudy and practice. And also,their characteristics are compared and the adaptability inChinese College EGAP class is analyzed, based on which it puts forward a modifiedGenre-based approach in EGAP writing class in order to enhance students' genre awarenessand improve their writing skills.

To achieve this, two non-English major classes of freshmen in East China University ofScience and Technology (ECUST) have been selected as the experimental class andcontrolled class, and the research lasts one semester. The Genre-based approach is applied inthe experimental class following a modified Genre-based approach. And a comparison hasbeen made on the same subject at the beginning and the end of the semester and thecomparison and contrast between the experimental class and controlled class have also beenmade. Owing to various factors,such as learning motivation, different students show variedextent of acceptance to certain teaching approaches. Therefore, emphasis has not only beenput on the overall changes,but also on the individual differences.

There are three hypotheses:

1. Can Genre-based approach enhance students' genre awareness? 2. Can “genreawareness” really improve students' writing ability in EGAP? If the students can get overallimprovement, is there any difference in gender and the students with diverse learningaptitudes because of the individual difference? If some students fail to improve, what's thepossible reason behind it? 3. Will Chinese students accept and adapt to Genre-basedApproach?

Three sets of data from six writing assignments, writing in final-term examination andquestionnaires are collected and analyzed with the help of the software SPSS . And thestudy indicates that: (1) Genre-based approach has a significant effect in sensitizing students'genre awareness, improving holistic writing competence; (2) during the whole experimentalprocess, girls have a stable superiority over boys, however, boys' improvement fluctuation iscomparatively obvious; (3) students of medium efficiency have the greatest potential to makebig improvement; (4) Unavoidably, in this research there are some students who fail to gainimprovement in terms of writing ability or get changed in terms of writing notions, andthrough analysis it has been found that the main objective reasons are: the difficulty ofwriting itself,the differences of culture and ways of thinking between east and west,thelimited teaching period, etc.; and subjective reasons mainly come from: the limitedcompetence of students themselves, the lack of interest in English writing, etc(5) aoverwhelming majority of students are liable to accept this approach and able to adapt to itpretty well, yet acceptation is not absolutely accompanied by adaptation; (6) feedback is adispensable part in English writing teaching, and more specific feedback will bring strongermotivation in students' self-correcting and developing;In the end,the author presents some limitations in her research and hopes that this cangive some hints and tips to further research in EFL writing classes.

Abstract

In college English listening & speaking classrooms, language and other semioticsystems cooperate together to help students construct meaning. It can be reflected inthe design of textbooks and the use of audios, videos and images, etc. Thus, in thisthesis, the theoretical foundation is the theory of multimodal discourse analysis (MDA)derived from Systemic Functional Linguistics and Social Semiotics. The essence ofMDA is that other semiotic resources such as: images, audios, etc. are as important aslanguage in the meaning-making system. Visual Grammar, Acoustical Grammar andthe integrated frameworks of MDA are the main analysis approaches in this thesis.

Meanwhile, the results of the teaching investigation and the MDA for textbooksare the practical foundation for the multimodal teaching design, providing feasibleand effective suggestions in this thesis. According to the results, it can be concludedthat students have more or less realized multimodality in this course and argue thatmultimodality should be used in moderation; multimodal classroom activities, socialcontent, etc. should be brought into the class; teachers should remind students to payattention to images, fonts change and other multimodal factors in textbooks.

Therefore, when conducting the multimodal teaching design, attention should bepaid to: (1) Modalities influence each other with clear priorities in this course. (2)Words modality and acoustical modality are the primary modalities, while othermodalities are just used as tools to provide supplementary information and to improveteaching efficiency. (3) The chosen modalities should provide supplementaryinformation to make the learning material more easily understood and help studentsconcentrate. Then, on the basis of the above principles and the writer's teachingexperience, a sample teaching design has been worked out, then its' feasibility andeffectiveness have been verified by an empirical study with the method of interview.

Abstract

Degree adverbs play a crucial role in daily language communication. However,owing to their wide varieties and similar meanings, it is hard for language learners toreally master their meanings and usages.

With the aid of AntConc and based on the corpora of FROWN (TheFreiburg-Brown Corpus of American English)，FLOB (The Freiburg-LOB Corpus ofBritish English) and CLEC (Chinese Learner English Corpus)， the study aims tocompare the actual use of common English degree adverbs in terms of semanticprosody between Chinese EFL learners and native English speakers. The researchprocedures consist of two steps. First, AntConc is launched to extractconcordance lines of the target node words in each corpus and the semantic featuresof the node words' collocates are analyzed; then, the semantic prosodies of these nodewords are summarized and comparisons are made between the two corpora.

The results indicate that there are differences as well as similarities betweennative English speakers and Chinese learners in their use of semantic prosody.

Chinese EFL learners tend to underuse the negative semantic prosodies of fairly,highly, and totally?,overuse the negative semantic prosodies of extremely; and misusethe semantic prosody of terribly. The results also show that some problems exist inChinese learners' use of semantic prosodies of degree adverbs, and the reasons mayinclude their first language transfer, intralingual transfer, and the lack of informationabout the semantic prosody in dictionaries and textbooks.

英文摘要格式如下：

1、英文摘要是应用符合英文语法的文字语言，提供论文内容梗概为目的的短文（内容基本与中文摘要相同，但不用完全逐句对应）。

2、英文题目、摘要、关键词自成一页（1页即可），放在中文摘要页之后。

3、英文字体与行间距：统一使用“西文字体”中的“Times New Roman”，倍行间距。

4、英文题目：使用三号字加粗。

5、英文摘要：“Absract”顶格，使用四号字，并加粗。英文摘要具体内容使用四号字。

6、英文关键词：“Key Words”顶格，使用四号字并加粗。每个关键词使用四号字。

论文摘要应包含以下内容：

（1）从事这一研究的目的和重要性。

（2）研究的主要内容，指明完成了哪些工作。

（3）获得的基本结论和研究成果，突出论文的新见解。

（4）结论或结果的意义。

以上内容参考：百度百科-摘要

以上内容参考：百度百科-论文摘要

英语文学论文摘要万能模板

那是因为你的单词在一行没有写完跳到第二行了，这个不影响的，如果你实在不想这样，就把你第一行的最后那个单词拆开写到第二行一部分，但记住要把用一个连接符号“-”，不然别人会以为你那是2个单词了哦，这个符号写在第一行最后单词的拆开处。

下面是关于学术论文英文摘要模板，希望对你们有帮助。

Abstract

There are three hypotheses:

Abstract

The results indicate that there are differences as well as similarities betweennative English speakers and Chinese learners in their use of semantic prosody.

英文摘要格式如下：

1、英文摘要是应用符合英文语法的文字语言，提供论文内容梗概为目的的短文（内容基本与中文摘要相同，但不用完全逐句对应）。

2、英文题目、摘要、关键词自成一页（1页即可），放在中文摘要页之后。

3、英文字体与行间距：统一使用“西文字体”中的“Times New Roman”，倍行间距。

4、英文题目：使用三号字加粗。

5、英文摘要：“Absract”顶格，使用四号字，并加粗。英文摘要具体内容使用四号字。

6、英文关键词：“Key Words”顶格，使用四号字并加粗。每个关键词使用四号字。

论文摘要应包含以下内容：

（1）从事这一研究的目的和重要性。

（2）研究的主要内容，指明完成了哪些工作。

（3）获得的基本结论和研究成果，突出论文的新见解。

（4）结论或结果的意义。

以上内容参考：百度百科-摘要

以上内容参考：百度百科-论文摘要

英美文学经典作品是英语语言学习中的一个非常重要的组成部分,一个良好的英语语言水平离不开英美文学作品阅读的训练。下文是我为大家整理的关于英美文学毕业论文优秀范文的内容，欢迎大家阅读参考!英美文学毕业论文优秀范文篇1 试析英美文学中的文化问题摘要：语言与文学作品能够准确地反映出一个民族文化环境中的习俗、信仰和普遍价值取向，在学习英美文学的过程中，也必然会接触到作品中所含有的各种文化知识，学校开设英美文学课程的主要目的在于培养学生的阅读欣赏能力以及在英美文学阅读中的理解能力，高等学校对英美文学课程的重视对于学生提高自身的英语水平起到了很大的作用。关键词：英美文学文化问题历史文化背景随着经济全球化趋势的不断加快，英美文学逐渐成为高等院校非常重视的一门专业必修课程，学校开设英美文学课程的主要目的在于培养学生的阅读欣赏能力以及在英美文学阅读中的理解能力，高等学校对英美文学课程的重视对于学生提高自身的英语水平起到了很大的作用，但是随之而来产生了一些文化问题，很多学生由于对英美文学缺乏深层含义的了解而逐渐丧失英美文学阅读的兴趣，这就要求我们在阅读英美文学的过程中要将语言学知识掌握扎实，广泛了解英美文化知识，从而不断增强英美文学课程开设的积极意义。一、文化因素在英美文学中的重要性随着我国与世界各国之间的联系越来越密切，跨文化能力逐渐成为英语教学过程中的重要组成部分，在英美文学的教学中也逐渐显示出其强大的生命力，语言本身就是一种文化，而语言与文学作品又能够准确地反映出一个民族文化环境中的习俗、信仰和普遍价值取向，我们在学习英美文学的过程中，也必然会接触到作品中所含有的各种文化知识，在英美文学的学习过程当中，学习者的个人情感因素非常重要，而其所掌握的文化知识也是不可或缺的。在传统的英美文学教学中，我国的大部分高校文学教师都过分注重对文本阅读的重视和对英美文学作品的研究，忽视了指导学生对英美文学创作背景的认识，这样的教学方式使得大部分学生在学习的过程中缺乏基本的文化理解能力，对于英美文学中的文化因素不能做到深入的了解，对所阅读的英美文学作品中的文化内涵缺乏认知能力，使得学生在阅读英美文学作品时只能浮于表面，无法准确揭示文学作品当中的深层文化意义。任何一门文学课程的学习都需要学习着具备较强的文化思想，并且具备一定的理解能力，而要想不断提高自身在学习文学作品当中的理解能力，就需要学习者首先对这门文学所产生的背景文化知识有一个深入的了解，一个优秀的文学学习者在文化经验、认知能力、语言学知识等各个方面都应当有较强的造诣，在英美文学的学习过程当中，学习者掌握一定的语言文化知识固然很重要，但是仅仅掌握语言文化知识也远远不够的，要想真正将英美文学的内容了解透彻。我们还应当不断加强对英美文化背景知识的认识，只有借助于英美文化背景知识的帮助，学习者才能真正深入了解英美文学中的文化内涵，对于英美文学中所展现出的生活方式、宗教习俗、思维模式、价值取向、历史发展状况等有一个基本的把握，真正理解作品中所具有的思想感情，这种对于文学作品的理解能力的培养不是一朝一夕的过程，在这一过程中，学生必须坚持不懈，文学教师也应当指导学生掌握正确的学习方法，养成科学阅读英美文学作品的良好习惯，使学生在学习中不断提高阅读英美文学作品的能力，提高自身的文学素养。二、英美文学学习中所出现的文化问题 1、英美文学学习中的社会文化问题。任何一种语言实际上本身就是一种文化，而且在语言的发展过程中，社会文化也能够对其产生一定的影响，语言是文学作品组成的重要元素，在不同的社会环境中所形成的语言文化是不同的，这就使得文学作品在创作过程中不可避免地要受到社会文化的影响，例如，我们现在常常说“艳照门”、“捐款门”中的这个“门”字实际上代表的是一种“丑闻”的意思，那么“门”字的这层意思是如何而来的呢，这就要联系到一定的社会背景，自此以后，人们在遇到一些社会丑闻问题时便常常联想起这一事件，“门”字也就逐渐由了另一层的文化意义，由此看来，了解一个民族的社会文化背景对于学生理解英美文学的深层含义是具有重要意义的。 2、英美文学学习中的地区文化问题。我们所说的地区文化实际上就是一种在特定的地区环境中所逐渐产生的带有地区文化特色的文化，学生在学习英美文学的过程中如果对这些地区文化不了解，就有可能造成文学时的障碍，例如，在学习诗人雪莱的《西风颂》的时候，如果学生对于英国的气候有一个准确的了解，就有可能理解不了作者为什么会把“西风”写成一种像打着春天脚步的风的形象，因为在我国，一提到西风，大家一般会联想到“西风凛冽”这个词，在文学作品中，西风不仅代表气候的不适宜，也常常在作品中衬托一种压抑、苦闷的心情，而在地处高纬度的英国，西风具有非常温暖舒适的特点，这种地区间的文化差异，也容易造成学生在学习英美文学作品时的困惑。 3、英美文学学习中的历史文化问题。历史文化因素在任何一种文学作品中都是非常具有影响力的，文学作品本身就是对民族历史文化的反映，是在社会历史发展的过程中逐渐产生的，如果学生在学习英美文学作品的时候对英美国家的历史文化不了解，在理解作品含义时也就不可避免的会出现一些文化障碍问题，我国在历史发展的过程中与西方历史存在着很大的不同，如果对这种历史发展进程中的差异性不能做到准确的把握，就极容易产生一些阅读障碍。 4、英美文学学习中的宗教文化问题。世界上的很多文学作品都涉及到伊斯兰教、__、佛教等宗教文化因素，各个国家和地区所信仰的宗教文化也是不同的，宗教文化的分布不同，使得各国文化在发展的过程中也相应地受到了一些影响，并且不同国家在宗教方面的信仰能够体现这一地区的一定的文化禁忌，如果对这种文化禁忌不够了解，就很有可能造成文学作品理解中出现障碍，像我们国家，信仰较多的宗教就是佛教、道教和儒教，这些宗教对文学创作者的思想产生着极为深刻的影响，也极大的影响了我国文学作品中的文化内涵，而对于英美文学作品，它们的内在涵义自然也会受到所在地区宗教文化的影响，欧洲大多数人都信仰基督__我国的宗教文化信仰存在着很大的不同，而这些不同常常会使得中国学生在学习英美文学时存在很大的理解困难。例如，“an after life”根据__的宗教文化就是指人死之后的时光，而如果不了解西方的宗教文化，学生是不可能将这个词语联系到“死后”的，再如，一个犹太人穿着黑袍在路上走，如果有其他的犹太人让他脱下黑袍，就说明这个人是背弃了自己的犹太信仰而被大家多唾弃的，因为黑袍在犹太心目中就是犹太教的象征，因此，我们可以看出，加强对宗教信仰差异性的认识对于理解英美文化是非常重要的。总结针对我国英美文学教育中的文化问题，文学教师在教学中一定要全面掌握文学作品创作中的历史文化知识和背景材料进行准确的阐释，引导学生加强对英美文学中的文化问题的重视，增强学生吸收英美文学作品文化知识的敏感度，使学生在学习英美文学的过程中能够掌握科学的学习方法，养成阅读英美文学作品的良好习惯，全面提高学生的文学素养。参考文献： [1] 付美艳.英美文学教学在高校教育中的重要性[J] [2] 罗绮伦.论在英美文学教学中加强文学文本的学习[J] [3] 张辉.建构主义的英美文学教学模式探索[J] [4] 范晓红.英美文学教学与大学生和谐人格塑造[J] [5] 刘可,王永蘅.新时期网络环境下的英美文学教学思考[J] 英美文学毕业论文优秀范文篇2 论英美文学中的《圣经》现象摘要:英美文学深受《圣经》影响,没有一部《圣经》,英美文学史就要改写。英美文学与《圣经》有着千丝万缕的联系,本文拟从两个方面来探讨英美文学中的《圣经》现象:一是《圣经》的观念和精神深刻地影响着英美文学;二是《圣经》乃英美文学创作素材的主要来源。关键词:英美文学《圣经》观念和精神素材作为世界文学的一个重要组成部分的英美文学有两大传统根基:古希腊、古罗马神话与《圣经》。如果离开了这两大根基,英美文学就无从谈起。自中世纪以来,《圣经》有“唯一的书”和“书中之书”的称号,作为英美社会流传最广,影响最深,发行量最大,读者最多的一本书,《圣经》的观念和精神已经深深地渗透到英美人的意识之中。英美几乎所有重要的诗人、作家都与《圣经》中的思想和意象紧密相关。这使得客观、中肯地探寻《圣经》对英美作家作品的各种影响,对于全面、准确地把握英美文学发展的脉络和规律,具有极其重要的理论意义和实践意义。一、英美文学中体现《圣经》观念和精神《圣经》自始至终鲜明地贯穿着仁慈、宽恕和博爱的基督精神,《圣经》中关于仁慈、宽恕和博爱的箴言和训诫比比皆是。这些箴言和训诫告诉世人,有了爱,一切过错和仇恨皆可化解,爱是把一切真,善,美和谐地联系一起的纽带。《加拉太书》(Galatians)云:“要通过爱心彼此服侍,因为全部的法律合成一句话,那就是爱人如己。”(For all the law is fulfilled in one word, even in this: ‘You shall love your neighbor as yourself.’―Chapter 5,Galatians,New Testament)许多英美作家深受这一精神的影响,其作品中更是无时不刻不透露和表达着这一中心思想。在莎士比亚的许多作品,博爱是其主题思想。如:《罗密欧与朱丽叶》,它被世人誉为一曲永世不衰的“爱”与“美”的颂歌。通过蒙太古和凯普莱特两大家族的世仇纷争与两家儿女之间的生死恋,反映出原本美好的爱被邪恶的仇恨激起的械斗所破坏,而该剧的结局中却吐露出“和谐”的光芒,表达了向前看的积极乐观朝气昂扬的精神。这里体现出了强烈的基督精神,即用“爱”去化解一切罪恶。而剧中的男女主人公罗密欧与朱丽叶,从这个意义上说,恰是一对年轻的殉道者,他们用自己的行动和“爱”化解了两大家族之间的刻骨仇恨。再如:十九世纪俄国伟大的小说家――列夫•托尔斯泰,他也是一位虔诚的__徒。他一生的追求和所有著作,都与基督__仰有着千丝万缕的联系。他在代表作《复活》这部小说中宣扬宽恕和博爱,勿以暴力抗恶,提倡人性自我完善。托尔斯泰认为男女主人公,聂赫留朵夫公爵和妓女玛丝洛娃精神上的“复活”,正是__精神的“复活”和人性的复归。聂赫留朵夫公公爵作为一个陪审官,当他在法庭上发现被告妓女玛丝洛娃正是年轻时代被他诱奸过的少女卡秋莎时,他良心发现了,并开始了一系列的忏悔赎罪活动,最后得到玛丝洛娃的宽恕,感受到爱与善的力量。这表明了《复活》这部长篇小说所宣扬的正是《圣经》所倡导的博爱精神。英美文学中,贯穿《圣经》仁慈、宽恕和博爱__精神的作品比比皆是,英美文学对《圣经》观念的继承主要体现在:人性原罪、上帝审判、神性救赎、道德完善、神圣之爱……要更全面地理解英美文学的艺术魅力,必须要对英美文学中的《圣经》的观念有深刻的认识。二、英美文学以《圣经》为创作素材 “《圣经》虽不是文学书,但具有很高的文学价值。”“《圣经》的意义对于每一代人都有不同的新启示”。圣经是文学作品永恒的母题,也是英美作家取之不尽、用之不竭的素材宝库。由于《圣经》在英美享有广泛的读者,可以说,《圣经》中的故事和人物在英美国家是家喻户晓,作家引用或化用《圣经》典故叙事说理,更易为读者所接受,还可以丰富作品的涵义,深化主题。因此,英美作家在文学创作中总是自觉或不自觉地以这种或那种方式引或化用《圣经》典故。 1.直接引用。最易辨认的是作家直接引用《圣经》的词句或人名作为自己作品的标题或人物名称,以便引起作品与《圣经》相对应的联系;或者直接引用《圣经》故事,作为创作素材。如:怀特的《乘马车的人》小说题目即:出自《圣经•旧约》的《以西结书》,暗示了小说精神折磨和赎罪的主题;斯坦贝克的《伊甸园之乐》等标题取自《旧约•传道书》第一章;美国南方文学的代表作家威廉•福克纳的名著《押沙龙,押沙龙!》,从书名到故事情节都借用《圣经》中大卫王与逆子押沙龙的故事;戈尔丁的《塔顶》中的主人公牧师约塞林综合了亚当、该隐和撒当等三个圣经人物。美国作家海明威的成名作《太阳照样升起》,其题目便是摘引《旧约全书•传道书》第一章第五节中的一句话。这表明二十世纪英美文学和《圣经》文本之间存在着明确的对应关系,在作品主题、人物等方面具有同一结构。在二十世纪英美文学的重要作家中,自称“英国国教式的天主教徒”的T•S•艾略特较早提倡用“神话手法”来创作。而他的神话主要来源于《圣经》。艾略特在他的诗歌创作中成功的运用了“死亡与再生” 、“寻找圣杯”、“火与水”、“赎罪与救难”等《圣经》典故,挖掘现代人的内心世界,将古代与现代连接起来,使作品具有厚重的历史感,并且极大地增强了作品的象征意义,使其作品具有永恒的艺术魅力。 2.采用特殊手法化用。有些英美作家并不直接引用《圣经》的典故,没有走完全蹈袭的道路,而是根据自己思想的表达,对《圣经》典故原型进行变形处理。英国文学史上有着最古老的作品之一美誉的长诗《贝奥武夫》中就已谈到上帝,并说妖怪格兰代尔是该隐的后裔。该隐是《旧约全书•创世记》中的人物。他是上帝造出的第一个男人亚当和第一个女人夏娃的儿子。他出于嫉妒把弟弟亚伯诱杀了,因而成为世间第一个罪人。虽然《贝奥武夫》对《创世纪》的故事进行了变形处理,但说嗜血成性的格兰代尔是该隐的胄裔是合乎《圣经》精神的。拜伦的神秘剧《该隐》,主题也是《圣经》故事。不过同情革命的拜伦在《圣经》故事的运用方面采用了偷梁换柱的手法。按照《圣经》的传统说法,该隐出于嫉妒,杀死弟弟亚伯,因而上帝罚他到处流浪,成了丧家之犬。然而在拜伦的笔下,该隐的形象却迥然不同。该隐对上帝的善表示怀疑,对父母和弟弟卑躬屈膝地趋奉上帝的态度和做法非常鄙夷。拜伦把魔鬼撒旦作为不畏强暴、渴求自由的化身,并加以着意刻画,让他开导和激励该隐去反抗贪得无厌、暴戾恣睢的上帝。英美作家化用《圣经》典故的另一种方法是:通过比喻、隐喻或象征等手法,作家把《圣经》故事的寓意融汇到作品的情节或人物的性格里,使这些故事发挥有力的陪衬和烘托作用。不了解《圣经》故事背景的人,在理解这类文学作品时,便难免流于表面和肤浅。《威尼斯商人》第四幕第一场里,女扮男装的鲍西娅在法庭上以律师的身份出现,佯装驳斥巴萨尼奥提出变通法律的要求,让残忍的夏洛克在一片敌视的气氛中感到欣慰异常。他情不自禁地欢呼道:“一个但尼尔来做法官了!真的是但尼尔再世!聪明的青年法官啊,我真佩服你!”这里莎士比亚就化用了一个《圣经》典故,《旧约全书•但尼尔记》说,但尼尔才智过人,判案如神。在法庭上孤立无援的夏洛克,在绝望中突然听到同情的声音,欣喜中称年轻的律师为但尼尔是很自然的。如果不理解莎士比亚的化用《圣经》的手法,对这一幕戏就很难理解通透。总结圣经》不仅是一部宗教典籍,它更是一种思维、情感方式,它的观念和精神深远地影响了英美人对历史社会、人类命运、个体生命等问题的看法,使罪与罚、道德与上帝、生命与永恒、仁慈、自由、博爱、平等、良心……成为了英美文学创作最基本的思想内容。浮在海洋上的冰山,露出水面的尖端只是整个冰山的一小部分而已。恰似《圣经》之于英美文学,就是冰山的基础同山巅的关系,英美文学作品中有时一行诗,一句话,甚至一个语词,后面都有丰富的《圣经》故事做支撑。参考文献: [1] Norton Anthology of American Literature. Ronald Gotlesmanet. al (ed.), New York, 1979. [2] The Student Bible, New International Version. Zondervan Publishing House, Grand Rapid, Michigan, 1996. [3]Boss Murfin & Supryia M. ray(ed.)The Bedford Gl-ossary of Critical and Literary Terns. Bedford Books, New York, 1998. [4]钱青等:《美国文学名著精选》,商务印书馆,1994。 [5]朱维之:《__文化》,上海书店,1992。 [6]郭海博、李山:《圣经语典与妙用》,江西人民出版社,1995。 [7]叶舒宪:《神话――原型批评》,西安:陕西师范大学出版社,1987。 [8]艾略特:《__与文化》,四川人民出版社,1989。 [9]王佐良、何其莘:《英国文艺复兴时期的文学史》,外语教学与研究出版社,。 [10]张中载:《当代英国文学论文集》,外语教学与研究出版社,.

英语论文摘要300字万能模板

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英语作文是可以提前积累一些模板的，在考试的时候套用这些句型，可以提高写作速度，也可以确保句式的准确性。下面是英语议论文的万能模板及范文，速看！

英语议论文写作模板一

recently the issue of whether or not______(讨论话题) has been in the limelight and has aroused wide concern in the public. there are two major arguments that can be made for_________. for one thing， __________can bring ____ to_____________(优点一 )。 for another， it is widely hold that people usually ____when ________________________________(优点二)。

but we must not lose sight of the fact that there are also drawbacks to__________， among which are ____________(列举缺点)。 for instance， it can be __________to _____________(举例说明)。 in addition， many people find it ________(形容词)to _______________(第二个缺点)

when asked to __________， i tend to ____________. this is because i _______________(原因一 )。 furthermore， _______________________(原因二)。 finally， ______________(原因三)。

英语议论文写作模板二

the effects ___________ has produced on____________ can be boiled down to two major ones.

first ， __________________(影响一 )。 more importantly， ________________(影响二)。 hence， i believe that we will see a ____________(提出展望)/ nevertheless， i do not think we will see a ______(或反面展望)

there are numerous reasons why ____， and i would like to explore a few of the most important ones here. the first is that the more(比较级)_____， the more (比较级)。 in addition， we all agree that________________________(第二个原因)

In recent years, college students find it increasingly difficult to get a job. It sounds strange since young college students are usually intelligent, well-educated phenomenon, aspirant and eager to bring their talent into full play. Then what underlies the strange phenomenon?

近几年，大学生发觉找工作越来越难了。这听起来很奇怪，因为年轻的大学生通常是聪明的，受过良好教育，上进和渴望他们的才华得到充分发挥的。那么，是什么引起这一奇怪现象呢？

There are several reasons for this. To begin with, nowadays college students aim too high. All they want are “good” jobs which could offer good salary, comfortable working conditions, high social status among others. Consequently, most college students are unwilling to accept vacant jobs they consider not “good” enough. Another reason is that there is a big gap between the majors some students study in school and the demands of vacant jobs. So companies think some students are not fit for the jobs.

有很多原因可以解释。首先，现在大学生的要求太高了。他们想要的是能提供较好的薪酬，舒适的工作环境，较高的社会地位的好工作。结果，大部分的大学生都不愿意接受他们认为不够好的空缺职位。另一个原因是一些学生在校学习的专业和空缺职位的需求有很大的差距。所以企业认为有些学生不适合那些工作。

Solution to the problem requires efforts on both the society and the students. The companies should value the students, talent and knowledge while the latter should not merely aim at material gains. They should be down-to–earth in building up their career. Furthermore, they should face their weak points so as to improve themselves and be more competent.

解决这一问题需要社会和学生的共同努力。企业应该看重学生，才能以及知识，而学生不应该只着眼于物质利益。他们应该脚踏实地的建立自己的职业生涯。另外，他们应该面对他们的弱点从而提高自己，使自己更有能力。

"Snacketeria systematic design of a la carte and exploitation " abstract: The main body of a book set forth snacketeria la carte mainly systematically developing and designing method and technological process , develop platform reaches the sql sever for VC + + 2000 data bases. Snacketeria la carte and the management system exploitation major objective are that convenient experience person of snacketeria orders dishes to snacketeria's administration, and the convenient guest , realize a la carte intellectualized. Make a guest can act on self's own completely being completed in a la carte process. The originally systematic main function includes intelligence la carte system , nutrition matches the meal function , the function that the popular ranking list waits for a while today. Snacketeria management system is that one has the utility software very much , every important snacketeria is not able to act on self's own completely at present a la carte of intelligence system. A la carte being able to make a guest act on self's own completely, can greatly lifting la carte efficiency , being in motion and doing business reducing snacketeria moreover cost. But, the almost big very pragmatic characteristics function also is the competition being able to raise a software. Keywords: VC + +; C + +; SQL; A la carte.

英语论文摘要

一篇合格的英语硕士论文不仅要按要求规范撰写，还必须是内容完整的，每一部分都不可或缺。论文摘要是英语硕士论文写作必不可少的写作环节，具有高度概括性，独立完整性，自明自含性等特点，起着重要的作用，我们必须加以重视。那么英语硕士论文摘要怎么写?有哪些写作要点?下面笔者具体来讲讲，大家继续往下看。

英语论文摘要写作内容须知

一般来说，英语论文对摘要主要包括了论文所研究的目的和范围、方法和过程、结果和结论三个方面。

就目的和范围而言，主要是简明扼要地陈述撰写论文的原因，常用名词短语前置的句型表示，把重点部分置于最显著的位置加以强调，但同时要兼顾平衡，避免头重脚轻。

就其方法和过程而言。主要源于实践性的论文摘要，能简约地叙述其基本原理、操作程序，使用了哪些新方法，采用了哪些新手段，如词汇手段、语法手段和逻辑承接语等，论文不宜繁琐、沉长。

就其结果和结论而言。是英语论文的核心和焦点，需要在摘要中清楚地表述出来，能直观地表达读者最为关注的问题，也同时反映论文所研究的价值、用途以及意义。

英语论文摘要写作文体要求

英语论文摘要与其他论文摘要在叙述方法上相同，能开门见山、直截了当，用词质朴无华，按照英语论文摘要的标准，一般在200——250个单词左右，要求用语准确，语法规范，句子完整，信息准确，文字精练，逻辑性强，通俗易懂，要避免带感情色彩或广告宣传的词语，不用口语体和非规范缩写词，语句中尽量使用动词靠近主语和重要事实开头，(不得用短语和从句开头)，要减少或取消不必要的背景信息，使之缩小摘要的篇幅。

英语硕士论文摘要写作疑问解答

1. 怎样写英文摘要?

可以按照论文的逻辑结构撰写摘要，如概述、目的、方法、结果、结论、展望的顺序。

概述(30词左右)：用最简洁的语言概括论文内容。例如：This paper is… 或 This study focuses on…

目的'(30词左右)：用To…就可以了，没有必要使用 in order to 或者 for the purpose of 等较长的表述。

方法(50词左右)：尽可能具体地说明操作的步骤，其中注意时态的使用。常用的词汇有：test, study, investigate, examine, analyze, measure, application 等。

结果(50词左右)：直入主题地摆出结果，如 This paper shows… 或 The results are…

结论(60词左右)：删去类似于“The result of the study showed that…” 的赘语，逐条罗列出结论。

展望(20词左右)：指出研究对未来的意义，如 This paper is of great significance in… 或指出不足。

2. 英文摘要有多长?

一般情况下用一段的篇幅完成英文摘要，特殊情况可以分成两到三段，但最好不要超过三段。长度一般为200字到300字之间。

3. 英文摘要用什么语态和人称?

规范的学术文章通常采用被动语态，突出信息。但由于主动语态的表述更为清楚，现在有些地方也要求采用主动语态。

4. 英文摘要用什么人称?

最好不要出现I，we等第一人称代词，而是使用第三人称，如the author等。

5. 英文摘要用什么时态?

摘要的时态以一般现在时为主，表示一种存在于自然界的客观规律。在特殊的情况下可以使用一般过去时或现在完成时，用来表明一定范围内的结论或是某一过程的延续性。描述具体的动作时通常用一般过去时，总结主要的结果时通常用一般现在时。

注意：用paper 做主语来描述论文概况时后面常用一般现在时：This paper aims to focus on… 而采用study 来描述相同的内容时则常用一般过去时：This study investigated…

英语论文摘要写作六大要点

1.要善于运用自己的语言来撰写。摘要是从论文中提炼而成，是一篇论文的骨干和核心，所以又高于论文，这是运用论文的新境界，让读者能一目了然地领会作者对问题的认识和见解，所以，不能在原文词语的基础上简单堆砌和重新编排，需要重新运用语言来写，形成文字上的再创造。

2.要遵循论文的写作顺序来写。对于摘要的撰写要结构严谨，表达简明，语义确切，先写什么，后写什么，应按照逻辑顺序来安排，句子之间上下连贯，互相呼应。只要不是特殊情况，比如倒序，就不得随意更改论文的内容顺序，这样更能体现论文条理清晰。

3.要突出撰写的全面性。一篇摘要应保证内容的完整，作者要慎重恰当地处理，合理加以吸收、集中做到没有大的遗漏，能让读者直观地获取信息。摘要不同于引言，引言往往可以是文章内容的一个方面。

4.要注重撰写的高度概括。摘要是论文的“眼睛”，具有画龙点睛的效果，所以要用全面的、理性的、辩证的分析提炼和升华总结出带有总概括性的观点，学会压缩文字，英语论文就要学会压缩词组词汇，只取要点，删去细枝末节，省去例子，简化描述，避免重复，慎用长句，努力压缩一些繁沉的句子，力争把短语改成字词。如下面的例子：

(1)将His courage; in battle might withoutexaggeration be called lion-like压缩为：

He Was very brave in battle.

(2)将They acted in a manner that rendered them liable toprosecution .压缩为：

They acted illegally.

(3)将John fell into the river and，beforehelp could reach him，he sank.压缩为：

John was drowned in the river.

(4)习惯用but，then，thus，yet，for等最简短的过渡词语，禁止用at，the，Same，time，on the other hand等。

5.要慎重摘要的架构选词。一方面，在针对同一个汉语词对应的英语单词可能会有几个的情况下，要选择专业领域的常用词汇，凸显论文的专业度，同时，对词汇的选择要与句型、语法对应;另一方面，在选择句型上，在不曲解汉语摘要的愿意的前提下，尽量使用复合句，这样，更符合母语使用的阅读习惯。

6.摘要需要反复修改。要对照论文再次疏理，在时态运用上也以简练为佳，常用一般现在时，一般过去时，少用现在完成时，过去完成时，进行时态和其他复合时态基本不用，做到该压缩的压缩，该删减的删减，该充实的充实，该补失的补失，使之形成一篇完整的短文。

综上所述，英语硕士论文摘要对于整篇论文起着不可替代的重要作用，可以毫不夸张的说，它就是论文的精华所在。因此，我们要认真对待该部分的撰写，笔者以上分享了英语硕士论文摘要的写作的相关内容和要点细节，希望对大家有所指导作用。

论文摘要300字万能模板英语

你好！翻译大部分为:ABSTRACT: With the improvement of people's living standards and material conditions, children's body shape is quite different from before. On the other hand, China has a vast territory. Influenced by climate conditions, economic development and other factors, children's body types in different regions are also different. The change of children's body shape has a great impact on children's wear enterprises. At present, the current implementation standards of children's wear size can not meet the current children's wear market, which brings great difficulties to the production and sale of children's wear enterprises and the choice of contact anthropometric method was used to measure 18 parts of a total of 101 children aged 3 to 6 years old in a randomly selected kindergarten in Zhengzhou. The mathematical analysis software spss was used to descriptively analyze the measured human data.

英文摘要格式如下：

1、英文摘要是应用符合英文语法的文字语言，提供论文内容梗概为目的的短文（内容基本与中文摘要相同，但不用完全逐句对应）。

2、英文题目、摘要、关键词自成一页（1页即可），放在中文摘要页之后。

3、英文字体与行间距：统一使用“西文字体”中的“Times New Roman”，倍行间距。

4、英文题目：使用三号字加粗。

5、英文摘要：“Absract”顶格，使用四号字，并加粗。英文摘要具体内容使用四号字。

6、英文关键词：“Key Words”顶格，使用四号字并加粗。每个关键词使用四号字。

论文摘要应包含以下内容：

（1）从事这一研究的目的和重要性。

（2）研究的主要内容，指明完成了哪些工作。

（3）获得的基本结论和研究成果，突出论文的新见解。

（4）结论或结果的意义。

以上内容参考：百度百科-摘要

以上内容参考：百度百科-论文摘要

英语论文摘要

英语论文摘要写作内容须知

一般来说，英语论文对摘要主要包括了论文所研究的目的和范围、方法和过程、结果和结论三个方面。

英语论文摘要写作文体要求

英语硕士论文摘要写作疑问解答

1. 怎样写英文摘要?

可以按照论文的逻辑结构撰写摘要，如概述、目的、方法、结果、结论、展望的顺序。

概述(30词左右)：用最简洁的语言概括论文内容。例如：This paper is… 或 This study focuses on…

目的'(30词左右)：用To…就可以了，没有必要使用 in order to 或者 for the purpose of 等较长的表述。

方法(50词左右)：尽可能具体地说明操作的步骤，其中注意时态的使用。常用的词汇有：test, study, investigate, examine, analyze, measure, application 等。

结果(50词左右)：直入主题地摆出结果，如 This paper shows… 或 The results are…

结论(60词左右)：删去类似于“The result of the study showed that…” 的赘语，逐条罗列出结论。

展望(20词左右)：指出研究对未来的意义，如 This paper is of great significance in… 或指出不足。

2. 英文摘要有多长?

一般情况下用一段的篇幅完成英文摘要，特殊情况可以分成两到三段，但最好不要超过三段。长度一般为200字到300字之间。

3. 英文摘要用什么语态和人称?

规范的学术文章通常采用被动语态，突出信息。但由于主动语态的表述更为清楚，现在有些地方也要求采用主动语态。

4. 英文摘要用什么人称?

最好不要出现I，we等第一人称代词，而是使用第三人称，如the author等。

5. 英文摘要用什么时态?

英语论文摘要写作六大要点

(1)将His courage; in battle might withoutexaggeration be called lion-like压缩为：

He Was very brave in battle.

(2)将They acted in a manner that rendered them liable toprosecution .压缩为：

They acted illegally.

(3)将John fell into the river and，beforehelp could reach him，he sank.压缩为：

John was drowned in the river.

(4)习惯用but，then，thus，yet，for等最简短的过渡词语，禁止用at，the，Same，time，on the other hand等。